Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sex-determining factor

Academic literature on the topic 'Sex-determining factor'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sex-determining factor"

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Hawkins, J. Ross, Peter Koopman, and Philippe Berta. "Testis-determining factor and Y-linked sex reversal." Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 1, no. 1 (June 1991): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-437x(91)80037-m.

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Traut, Walther, and Ute Willhoeft. "A jumping sex determining factor in the flyMegaselia scalaris." Chromosoma 99, no. 6 (October 1990): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01726692.

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KOZIELSKA, MAGDALENA, BARBARA FELDMEYER, IDO PEN, FRANZ J. WEISSING, and LEO W. BEUKEBOOM. "Are autosomal sex-determining factors of the housefly (Musca domestica) spreading north?" Genetics Research 90, no. 2 (April 2008): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001667230700907x.

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SummaryMultiple sex-determining factors have been found in natural populations of the housefly, Musca domestica. Their distribution seems to follow a geographical cline. The ‘standard’ system, with a male-determining factor, M, located on the Y chromosome, prevails at higher latitudes and altitudes. At lower latitudes and altitudes M factors have also been found on any of the five autosomes. Such populations often also harbour a dominant autosomal factor, FD, which induces female development even in the presence of several M factors. Autosomal M factors were first observed some 50 years ago. It has been hypothesized that following their initial appearance, they are spreading northwards, replacing the standard XY system, but this has never been systematically investigated. To scrutinize this hypothesis, we here compare the current distribution of autosomal M factors in continental Europe, on a transect running from Germany to southern Italy, with the distribution reported 25 years ago. Additionally, we analysed the frequencies of the FD factor, which has not been done before for European populations. In contrast to earlier predictions, we do not find a clear change in the distribution of sex-determining factors: as 25 years ago, only the standard XY system is present in the north, while autosomal M factors and the FD factor are prevalent in Italy. We discuss possible causes for this apparently stable polymorphism.
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Read, A. P. "The Mammalian Y Chromosome: Molecular Search for the Sex-Determining Factor." Journal of Medical Genetics 25, no. 12 (December 1, 1988): 861–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmg.25.12.861-a.

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Lecanu, Laurent. "Sex, the Underestimated Potential Determining Factor in Brain Tissue Repair Strategy." Stem Cells and Development 20, no. 12 (December 2011): 2031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/scd.2011.0188.

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Drummond, Ann, Kim Su, Marianne Tellbach, Kara Britt, and Jock Findlay. "90. FGF9: a male sex-determining factor identified in the ovary." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 15, no. 9 (2003): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb03ab90.

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Wilhelm, Kay, and Gordon Parker. "Is sex necessarily a risk factor to depression?" Psychological Medicine 19, no. 2 (May 1989): 401–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700012447.

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SynopsisTo isolate and quantify possible determinants of any increased prevalence of depressive disorders in women we studied a select group of men and women, initially similar in terms of a number of putative social determinants of depression, and reviewed the sample five years later when social role diversity was anticipated. We used the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) to generate DSM-III and RDC diagnoses to estimate lifetime depressive disorders, and established (via corroborative reports) the likely accuracy of those data. Despite lifetime depression being a relatively common experience, no significant sex differences in depressive episodes were demonstrated, suggesting the possible irrelevance of biological factors in determining any sex difference. As there was not major social role divergence over the five year study, we interpret the lack of a sex difference as a consequence, and suggest that findings support the view that social factors are of key relevance in determining any female preponderance in depression described in general population studies.
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Harris, Tirril, Paul Surtees, and John Bancroft. "Is Sex Necessarily a Risk Factor to Depression?" British Journal of Psychiatry 158, no. 5 (May 1991): 708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.5.708.

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“To isolate and quantify possible determinants of any increased prevalence of depressive disorders in women we studied a select group of men and women, initially similar in terms of a number of putative social determinants of depression, and reviewed the sample five years later when social role diversity was anticipated. We used the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) to generate DSM–III and RDC diagnoses to estimate lifetime depressive disorders, and established (via corroborative reports) the likely accuracy of those data. Despite lifetime depression being a relatively common experience, no significant sex differences in depressive episodes were demonstrated, suggesting the possible irrelevance of biological factors in determining any sex difference. As there was not major social role divergence over the five year study, we interpret the lack of a sex difference as a consequence, and suggest that findings support the view that social factors are of key relevance in determining any female preponderance in depression described in general population studies.”
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MALKI, S., P. BERTA, F. POULAT, and B. BOIZETBONHOURE. "Cytoplasmic retention of the sex-determining factor SOX9 via the microtubule network." Experimental Cell Research 309, no. 2 (October 1, 2005): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.07.005.

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Edvardsen, Rolf Brudvik, Ola Wallerman, Tomasz Furmanek, Lene Kleppe, Patric Jern, Andreas Wallberg, Erik Kjærner-Semb, et al. "Heterochiasmy and the establishment of gsdf as a novel sex determining gene in Atlantic halibut." PLOS Genetics 18, no. 2 (February 8, 2022): e1010011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010011.

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Atlantic Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) has a X/Y genetic sex determination system, but the sex determining factor is not known. We produced a high-quality genome assembly from a male and identified parts of chromosome 13 as the Y chromosome due to sequence divergence between sexes and segregation of sex genotypes in pedigrees. Linkage analysis revealed that all chromosomes exhibit heterochiasmy, i.e. male-only and female-only meiotic recombination regions (MRR/FRR). We show that FRR/MRR intervals differ in nucleotide diversity and repeat class content and that this is true also for other Pleuronectidae species. We further show that remnants of a Gypsy-like transposable element insertion on chr13 promotes early male specific expression of gonadal somatic cell derived factor (gsdf). Less than 4.5 MYA, this male-determining element evolved on an autosomal FRR segment featuring pre-existing male meiotic recombination barriers, thereby creating a Y chromosome. Our findings indicate that heterochiasmy may facilitate the evolution of genetic sex determination systems relying on linkage of sexually antagonistic loci to a sex-determining factor.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sex-determining factor"

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Pontiggia, Andrea. "Characterization and mutations in the human sex determining factor SRY." Thesis, Open University, 1998. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57884/.

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Bayrer, James Robert. "The Doublesex transcription factor: Structural and functional studies of a sex-determining factor." Connect to text online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1124911161.

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Chen, Yen-Shan. "MAMMALIAN TESTIS-DETERMINING FACTOR SRY HAS EVOLVED TO THE EDGE OF AMBIGUITY." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1372888881.

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De, Bono Mario Godwin. "Studies on the regulation and evolution of tra-1, the terminal somatic sex determining gene in Caenorhabditis elegans." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321108.

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Toledo-Flores, Deborah Fernanda. "Evolution of mammalian sex chromosomes and sex determination genes: insights from monotremes." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/97382.

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Genetic sex determination systems are generally based on the presence of differentiated sex chromosomes. Birds have a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system in which males are ZZ and females ZW, whereas mammals have an XX/XY system with males being XY and females XX. Monotremes have an extraordinary sex chromosome system that consists of multiple sex chromosomes: 5X5Y in platypus and 5X4Y in echidna. Intriguingly, the monotreme sex chromosomes show extensive homology to the bird ZW and not to the therian XY. However, sex determination in monotremes is still a mystery; the Y-specific Sry gene that triggers male sex determination in therian mammals is absent and so far very few genes have been identified on Y chromosomes in monotremes. To gain more insights into the gene content of Y-chromosomes and to identify potential sex determination genes in the platypus a collaborative large scale transcriptomic approach led to the identification of new male specific genes including the anti-Muellerian hormone AMH that I mapped to Y₅, this makes Amhy an exciting new candidate for sex determination in monotremes. Platypus chromosome 6 is largely homologous to the therian X and therefore it represents the therian proto sex chromosome. In addition, this autosome features a large heteromorphic nucleolus organizer region (NOR) and associates with the sex chromosomes during male meiosis (Casey and Daish personal communication). I investigated chromosome 6 heteromorphism in both sexes and found a number of sex-specific characteristics related to the extent of the NOR heteromorphism, DNA methylation, silver staining patterns and interestingly, meiotic segregation bias. This raises the possibility that chromosome 6 may have commenced differentiation prior to monotreme therian divergence. These results led me to investigate the chromosome 6 borne gene Sox3, from which Sry evolved in therian mammals. This revealed a platypus male-specific Sox3 allele, which differs from the alleles observed also in females on the length of one of the Sox3 polyalanine tracts. This raises the possibility that Sox3 may be working differently in males and females. We have used our unique knowledge of monotreme sex chromosomes to determine the sex of captively bred echidnas. I used a PCR based genetic sexing technique that utilizes DNA from small hair samples and primers that amplify male-specific genes. Interestingly, I found that seven out of eight echidnas born in captivity were females. Furthermore, I found a Sox3 deletion in the only male echidna born in captivity. This gives us the unique opportunity to investigate the sexual development of an animal in which this gene is naturally deleted providing an exceptional situation in which to study monotreme sex determination. Furthermore, this sexing technique has the potential of being applied in the wild to investigate sex ratio in natural populations of monotremes, including the critically endangered long-beaked echidna.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, 2015
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Gallegos, Maria Elena. "Dis- and trans-acting factors required for the 3 ́UTR-mediated repression of fem-3, a sex-determining gene in Caenorhabditis elegans." 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/40939226.html.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1998.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 173-195).
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Books on the topic "Sex-determining factor"

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The Mammaliany chromosome: Molecular search for the sex-determining factor. Cambridge [England]: Company of Biologists, 1987.

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N, Goodfellow P., and British Society for Developmental Biology., eds. The Mammalian Y chromosome: Molecular search for the sex-determining factor. Cambridge [England]: Company of Biologists, 1987.

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1951-, Goodfellow P., and British Society for Developmental Biology., eds. The mammalian Y chromosome: Molecular search for the sex-determining factor : papers presented at a meeting of the British Society for Developmental Biology at the University of Oxford March 1987. Cambridge: Company of Biologists, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sex-determining factor"

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Forwood, Jade K., Gurpreet Kaur, and David A. Jans. "Nuclear Import Properties of the Sex-Determining Factor SRY." In Protein Targeting Protocols, 83–97. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-466-7_6.

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"SRY (sex-determining region Y, called earlier TDF [testis determining factor])." In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics, 1868–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_16074.

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Williams, Tony D. "Timing of Breeding." In Physiological Adaptations for Breeding in Birds. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691139821.003.0003.

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This chapter argues that the timing of the initiation of a single breeding event, or the initiation of the first of multiple breeding events within the same breeding season, is completely dependent on the female-specific reproductive process of timing of egg production and egg-laying. It discusses how early-season events are critical in determining timing of breeding; fitness consequences of timing decisions; selection on timing of breeding; sex-specific response mechanisms for timing of breeding; physiological mechanisms associated with photoperiod (day length) as a proximate factor; physiological mechanisms associated with temperature as a proximate factor; and physiological mechanisms associated with food availability as a “proximate” factor.
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Rojas-Rincón, Sandra Rocío, Laura Cristina Tapias-Muñoz, and Andrés Mauricio Santacoloma-Suárez. "Percepción de la calidad de vida durante el aislamiento social por COVID-19 en Colombia." In Semilleros: contribuciones investigativas desde la psicología a realidades sociales en Colombia, 17–40. Editorial Universidad Católica de Colombia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14718/9789585133884.2021.1.

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The aim was to evaluate the perception of quality of life during compulsory social isolation in Colombia, as a result of the Government strategy in the presence of COVID-19. An instrument was applied that investigated sociodemographic, health and quality of life variables in 1,456 Colombians residing in the country, of legal age and who were complying with the isolation measure at home, belonging to the 32 departments that make up the Republic of Colombia, including Amazonas and San Andrés and Providencia. A descriptive correlational cross-sectional design was used, achieving an analysis of more than 180 variables. Given that only health and quality of life results are presented in this document in relation to sex, age, marital status, educational level, telework / remote study, occupation, the number of people a position and children, it is considered as a preliminary report. Direct correlations were obtained between quality of life and sex, marital status, level of education and dependents, and inversely with age, telework / remote study and having or not having children. Finally, it seems that the greater the number of responsibilities, the lower the quality of life in a confined situation. Finally, it seems that the greater the number of responsibilities, the lower the quality of life in a situation of confinement, the perception of feeling accompanied can serve as a protective factor for the quality of life and the level of economic income is a determining factor for the evaluation that is made of it.
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Schindler, Thomas E. "The Matilda Effect." In A Hidden Legacy, 80–89. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197531679.003.0010.

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This chapter suggests that the most important factors that diminished Esther Lederberg’s scientific career and legacy were her gender and marriage. The fact that her famous collaborator was also her husband doubled the chances that her own scientific achievements were overshadowed. The chapter goes on to explain how the so-called Matthew and Matilda Effects altered the history of science right at birth of genetics as a distinct branch of biology. As an example of the Matilda Effect, the chapter presents Nettie Stevens whose discovery of the XY sex-determining chromosomes in 1905 and establishment of the two patterns of sex chromosomes in various beetles, flies, and bugs was credited to Edmund Wilson, a better-known scientist. In an example of the Matthew Effect, Thomas Hunt Morgan, the most famous geneticist of the early twentieth century, eventually received most of the credit for discovering sex chromosomes. Finally, the careers and legacies of three other Matildas who worked in the early days of microbial genetics—Martha Chase, Laura Garnjobst, and Daisy Dussoix—are presented.
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Wang, Fahui, and Wei Lou. "GIS-Based Accessibility Measures and Application." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, First Edition, 1284–87. IGI Global, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-553-5.ch226.

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Accessibility refers to the relative ease by which the locations of activities, such as work, shopping and healthcare, can be reached from a given location. Access varies across space because of uneven distributions of supply and demand (spatial factors), and also varies among population groups because of their different socioeconomic and demographic characteristics (nonspatial factors). Taking healthcare access for example, spatial access emphasizes the importance of geographic barrier (distance or time) between consumer and provider, whereas nonspatial access stresses non-geographic barriers or facilitators such as social class, income, ethnicity, age, sex, and so forth. Since the 1960s, health policymakers in the United States have attempted to improve health care for the citizenry by considering aspects of both spatial and nonspatial factors. Such efforts are exemplified in designations of Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSA) and Medically Underserved Areas or Populations (MUA/P) by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), for the purpose of determining eligibility for certain federal health care resources. The DHHS is considering consolidating the HPSA and MUA/P designations into one system because of their overlapping criteria (U.S. DHHS, 1998). See guidelines at http://bphc.hrsa.gov/dsd (last accessed April 1, 2004).
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Bale, Tracy L. "Epigenetics in Early Life Programming." In Neurobiology of Mental Illness, edited by Joseph D. Buxbaum, 955–66. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199934959.003.0072.

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Fetal antecedents such as maternal stress, infection or dietary challenges have long been associated with an increased disease risk, capable of affecting multiple generations. The mechanisms through which such determinants contribute to disease development likely involve complex and dynamic relationships between the maternal environment, the endocrine placenta, and the epigenetic programming of the developing embryo itself. While an appreciation for the importance of the epigenome in offspring disease predisposition had evolved, the incredible variability in critical factors such as gestational timing of insults, sex of the fetus, and maternal genetics make clear interpretations difficult. However, animal models have proven highly informative in providing the best knowledge yet as to just how dynamically responsive the epigenome is, and in determining important mechanisms that shape and reprogram the developing brain. This chapter will discuss the epidemiological and clinical evidence and supportive animal models related to environmental influences on neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disease risk.
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Clarke, David M., and Shoumitro Deb. "Syndromes causing intellectual disability." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 1838–49. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0244.

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Psychiatrists working with people who have intellectual disability (mental retardation) need expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of associated neuropsychiatric disorders. This entails knowledge of the causes of intellectual disability, and especially knowledge about those syndromal (often genetic) causes that are associated with neuropsychiatric manifestations. Such manifestations include vulnerability to behavioural and emotional disorders, epilepsy, and particular patterns of cognitive strength and weakness. This chapter provides an introduction to some such disorders and a discussion of the concept of behavioural phenotypes. For a detailed account of conditions causing intellectual disability texts such as Jones should be consulted. The concept of behavioural phenotypes is discussed in detail in O’Brien. The genetic aetiologies of intellectual disability include chromosomal abnormalities (trisomy, deletion, translocation, etc), single-gene defects, and the effect of interactions between several genes. The last is thought to account for a substantial proportion of people with mild intellectual disability by setting a ceiling on possible cognitive attainment (life experiences, nutrition, education, and other factors then determining the extent to which potential is fulfilled or thwarted). This chapter discusses the concepts of syndromes and behavioural phenotypes, then describes the clinical features of a number of syndromes that cause intellectual disability. Down syndrome, fragile-X syndrome, sex chromosome anomalies, and foetalalcohol syndrome are described in some detail. This is followed by a briefer alphabetical list of less common conditions.
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Conference papers on the topic "Sex-determining factor"

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Bubnovskaya, Olesya, and Vitalina Leonidova. "Cognitive factor of psychological safety: gender aspect." In Safety psychology and psychological safety: problems of interaction between theorists and practitioners. «Publishing company «World of science», LLC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15862/53mnnpk20-08.

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The relevance of the problem posed in the article is determined by the role of psychological safety in the development of the individual against the background of the growth of securitization in modern society, the need to detect factors affecting it. The purpose of the study is to establish the nature of the relationship between cognitive variables and psychological safety of the individual, considering the gender. According to the hypothesis of the study, gender characteristics of the individual, determining the cognitive component of the individual's attitude to himself and to the world, affect psychological safety. The sample of the study included university students of Vladivostok (n=300, 60 – men, 240 – women, the average age is 19 years). Used methods: “Psychological safety of educational environment” (PSEE)” (Baeva I.A.), “Kiselev’s thermometer” (“gradusnik sostoi͡aniĭ”), (Kiselev Yu.Ya.), “Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI)” (Bem S.), “World assumptions scale” (Yanov-Bulman R.) in the adaptation by Padun M. A., Kotelnikova A.V. with comparative, correlation, regression and factor analysis in the Python. The results show significant correlations between gender and basic beliefs of the individual (p≤0,001), safety of the educational environment, components of psychological safety (p≤0,001); stable influence of masculinity and femininity on the attitude of the individual to the world and to himself, on the components and characteristics of safety (determination coefficients – 0,5-0,6). Based on the study of data on psychological safety and basic beliefs of students, considering their gender traits, conclusions are made about the influence of gender on the cognitive component of safety. In general, gender characteristics and beliefs of an individual are important for psychological safety, although a strict determination was not identified in the study and requires further study. The influence of gender on beliefs about peace and safety is more pronounced in the feminine type than in the masculine type. The sense of safety of a person with feminine traits is largely due to her trust in others, faith in a good and fair world, and with masculine traits – the belief in her ability to control events.
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Wulandari, Hanny, and Dwi Ernawati. "Effect of Early Menarche on Reproductive Health: A Scoping Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.26.

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Background: Teenagers aged 15-19 encounter a disproportionate burden of adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The urgent ongoing efforts are needed to lead healthy, safe, and productive lives of teenage girls. This scoping review aimed to identify the association of early menarche with negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Subjects and Method: A scoping review method was conducted in eight stages including (1) Identification of study problems; (2) Determining priority problem and study question; (3) Determining framework; (4) Literature searching; (5) Article selection; (6) Critical appraisal; (7) Data extraction; and (8) Mapping. The search included PubMed, EBSCO, and Wiley databases. The keywords were “effect” OR “outcomes” AND “menarche” OR “menstruation” OR “menstrua” OR “menses” OR “early menarche” AND “reproductive health” OR “sexual reproducti” AND “sexual behavior” OR “sexual debut” OR “sexual partners” OR “unsafe sex” OR “unprotected sex”. The inclusion criteria were English-language and full-text articles published between 2009 and 2019. A total of 116 full text articles was obtained. After the review process, nine articles were eligible. The data were reported by the PRISMA flow chart. Results: Four articles from developing countries (Nigeria, Malawi, Philippine) and five articles from developed countries (France, United States of America, England, Australia) met the inclusion criteria with cross-sectional and cohort design studies. The existing literature showed that early menarche was associated with sexual and reproductive health (early sexual initiation, low use of contraception), sexually transmitted diseases (genital herpes, HIV), and other factors (income, education level, sexual desire). Conclusion: Early age at menarche may contribute to the increase vulnerability of girls into negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Quality comprehensive sexual education may improve the sexual and reproductive health and well-being of adolescents. Keywords: early menarche, reproductive health, adolescent females Correspondence: Hanny Wulandari. Universitas Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Ringroad Barat No.63, Mlangi Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55592. Email: hannywulandari11@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281249747223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.26
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Abrantes, Maely Moreira de. "Predictive factors in the prognosis of victims of trauma crisis in brain." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.315.

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Background: Among mechanical traumas, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the main determinant of deaths and sequelae in polytrauma patients. TBI is defined as any traumatic injury to the brain that results in anatomical injury such as skull fracture or scalp injury, functional impairment of the meninges, brain and its vessels or momentary or permanent brain changes, of a cognitive or physical nature. Objective: The present work aims to conduct a literature review on the factors that are predictive in the prognosis of victims of traumatic brain injury. Methods: This is a literature review based on the medical literature and scientific articles indexed in the Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO) and VHL-Brazil. Results: Several factors are related to a worse prognosis in patients suffering from TBI, and the most cited are: score equal to or less than 8 on the Glasgow Coma Scale (ECG) on admission; age over 60 years; tomographic changes showing diffuse axonal lesion or cerebral edema; pupils with abolished photomotor reflexes; arterial hypotension at admission; hyperthermia and male sex. Studies address that the initial clinical-neurological severity, measured by ECG, has the greatest significant influence on the evolution of patients, showing that the initial clinical manifestation points out the severity of primary and secondary injuries associated with TBI. As well as ECG, several other factors such as the brain’s susceptibility to injury, the extent and severity of the injuries, the presence of global or focal injuries, associated injuries and the initial response to treatment are also cited as useful in determining the evolution of cases of victims of TCE. Conclusions: It was found that the TBI is the main responsible for high lethality rates in polytrauma patients worldwide and from obtaining these data in recent years, studies have been deepened in order to search for the prognostic factors for TBI. The identification of these indicators has represented a major advance in the search for alternatives to guide the treatment of the patient and estimate the final result.
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Latorre Sánchez, Consuelo, Juan Antonio Solves, Joaquín Sanchiz Navarro, Ricardo Bayona Salvador, Jose Laparra, Nicolás Palomares, and Jose Solaz. "Methodology Based on 3D Thermal Scanner and AI Integration to Model Thermal Comfort and Ergonomics." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001896.

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The current pandemic situation due to the appearance of the coronavirus-2 or SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has increased the demand and familiarization of the population with infrared cameras and their thermal interpretation. Infrared radiation and the technology behind it have become a necessity not only developing new applications for the present but also for the future. In the post-pandemic world, commercial solutions to existing problems are being developed with this technology and with very efficient approaches, reducing costs and complementing many areas.Institute of Biomechanics of Valencia (IBV) is constantly innovating in the field of infrared thermal imaging and its applications in the well-being of people through research, experimentation and user validation. 3D models have been developed merging anthropometric data and thermal information based on scanners, 3D reconstruction and imagen processing. Some of the algorithms for monitoring and reconstruction system are based on a FLIR A35 thermal camera and an INTEL RealSense D455 depth sensor, a low-cost, high-performance sensor.Artificial intelligence techniques applied to images, mainly in visible or RGB datasets, have undergone significant development in recent years, however there is a gap in the application in thermal images. The IBV has compiled a powerful database for years from many users, insulation in clothes, extreme scenarios and different poses and face orientations. Many networks, models and libraries of computer vision, have been explored and some AI techniques (machine and deep learning) have been applied to extract information from those images, although open solutions and networks do not work accurately. The thermal database has been used to retrain these network models and the results have been considerably better.Near real-time, low-cost 3D thermal reconstruction, with embedded AI techniques, has been applied in facemasks evaluation, face recognition, feature and key points extraction, segmentation and development of automatic thermal measure algorithms. From feature extraction and landmark information, aspects such as thermotype, age and sex, have been also determined, or even the effects of the emotions, rotations or artifacts like glasses, facemasks or beards on the identification of the user. IBV has a huge background in this technology and develops new innovative solutions in order to tackle with new challenges, from determining the effect a facemask has, in thermal comfort or breathing rate to helping physician to diagnose certain diseases, such as circulatory, vascular problems and the effect of therapies or cosmetic products. In this way, information on the thermoregulatory behavior of the human body is provided, allowing to relate changes in thermal maps, to certain pathologies or to the effect of a treatment, skin affections, varicose veins or joint injuries.
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Reports on the topic "Sex-determining factor"

1

Grumet, Rebecca, Rafael Perl-Treves, and Jack Staub. Ethylene Mediated Regulation of Cucumis Reproduction - from Sex Expression to Fruit Set. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696533.bard.

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Reproductive development is a critical determinant of agricultural yield. For species with unisexual flowers, floral secualdifferentation adds additional complexity, that can influenec productivity. The hormone ethylene has long, been known to play a primary role in sex determination in the Cucumis species cucumber (C. sativus) and melon (C. melo). Our objectives were to: (1) Determine critical sites of ethylene production and perception for sex determination; (2) Identify additional ethylene related genes associated with sex expression; and (3) Examine the role of environment ami prior fruit set on sex expression, pistillate flower maturation, and fruit set. We made progress in each of these areas. (1) Transgenic melon produced with the Arabidopsis dominant negative ethylene perception mutant gene, etrl-1, under the control of floral primordia targeted promoters [AP3 (petal and stamen) and CRC (carpel and nectary)], showed that ethylene perception by the stamen primordia, rather than carpel primordia, is critical for carpel development at the time of sex determination. Transgenic melons also were produced with the ethylene production enzyme gene. ACS, encoding l-aminocyclopropane-lcarboylate synthase, fused to the AP3 or CRC promoters. Consistent with the etr1-1 results, CRC::ACS did not increase femaleness; however, AP3::ACS reduced or eliminated male flower production. The effects of AP3:ACS were stronger than those of 35S::ACS plants, demonstratin g the importance of targeted expression, while avoiding disadvantages of constitutive ethylene production. (2) Linkage analysis coupled with SNP discovery was per formed on ethylene and floral development genes in cucumber populations segregating for the three major sex genes. A break-through towards cloning the cucumber M gene occurred when the melon andromonoecious gene (a), an ACS gene, was cloned in 2008. Both cucumber M and melon a suppress stamen development in pistillate flowers. We hypothesized that cucumber M could be orthologous to melon a, and found that mutations in CsACS2 co-segregated perfectly with the M gene. We also sought to identify miRNA molecules associated with sex determination. miRNA159, whose target in Arabidopsis is GAMYB[a transcription factor gene mediating response to10 gibberellin (GA)], was more highly expressed in young female buds than male. Since GA promotes maleness in cucumber, a micro RNA that counteracts GAMYB could promote femaleness. miRNA157, which in other plants targets transcription factors involved in flower development , was expressed in young male buds and mature flower anthers. (3) Gene expression profiling showed that ethylene-, senescence-, stress- and ubiquitin-related genes were up-regulated in senescing and inhibited fruits, while those undergoing successful fruit set up-regulated photosynthesis, respiration and metabolic genes. Melon plants can change sex expression in response to environmental conditions, leading to changes in yield potential. Unique melon lines with varying sex expression were developed and evaluated in the field in Hancock, Wisconsin . Environmental changes during the growing season influenced sex expression in highly inbred melon lines. Collectively these results are of significance for understanding regulation of sex expression. The fact that both cucumber sex loci identified so far (F and M) encode isoforms of the same ethylene synthesis enzyme, underscores the importance of ethylene as the main sex determining hormone in cucumber. The targeting studies give insight into developmental switch points and suggest a means to develop lines with earlier carpel-bearing flower production and fruit set. These results are of significance for understanding regulation of sex expression to facilitate shorter growing seasons and earlier time to market. Field results provide information for development of management strategies for commercial production of melon cultivars with different sex expression characteristics during fruit production.
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