Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sex determination

Academic literature on the topic 'Sex determination'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Sex determination"

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Mittwoch, Ursula. "Sex determination." EMBO reports 14, no. 7 (June 14, 2013): 588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/embor.2013.84.

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Gamble, Tony, and David Zarkower. "Sex determination." Current Biology 22, no. 8 (April 2012): R257—R262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.02.054.

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Shushan, Asher, and Josef G. Schenker. "Sex determination." Nature 368, no. 6470 (March 1994): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/368388b0.

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Hawkins, JR. "Sex determination." Human Molecular Genetics 3, suppl_1 (September 1, 1994): 1463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/3.suppl_1.1463.

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Graham, Eleanor A. M. "Sex Determination." Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology 2, no. 4 (2006): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/fsmp:2:4:283.

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Van Der Schoot, P. "Sex determination." Animal Reproduction Science 40, no. 3 (November 1995): 250–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4320(95)90018-7.

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M. K, Bindurani, Kavyashree A. N, Asha K. R, and Lakshmiprabha Subhash. "DETERMINATION OF SEX FROM FOOT DIMENSIONS." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 5, no. 4.3 (December 1, 2017): 4702–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2017.450.

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Weber, Ceri, and Blanche Capel. "Sex determination without sex chromosomes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1832 (July 12, 2021): 20200109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0109.

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With or without sex chromosomes, sex determination is a synthesis of many molecular events that drives a community of cells towards a coordinated tissue fate. In this review, we will consider how a sex determination pathway can be engaged and stabilized without an inherited genetic determinant. In many reptilian species, no sex chromosomes have been identified, yet a conserved network of gene expression is initiated. Recent studies propose that epigenetic regulation mediates the effects of temperature on these genes through dynamic post-transcriptional, post-translational and metabolic pathways. It is likely that there is no singular regulator of sex determination, but rather an accumulation of molecular events that shift the scales towards one fate over another until a threshold is reached sufficient to maintain and stabilize one pathway and repress the alternative pathway. Investigations into the mechanism underlying sex determination without sex chromosomes should focus on cellular processes that are frequently activated by multiple stimuli or can synthesize multiple inputs and drive a coordinated response. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Challenging the paradigm in sex chromosome evolution: empirical and theoretical insights with a focus on vertebrates (Part I)’.
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Shimada, Kiyoshi. "Sex determination and sex differentiation." Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2002): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/147020602783698449.

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Smith, Matthijs J. "Sex Determination: Turning on sex." Current Biology 4, no. 11 (November 1994): 1003–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00226-8.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sex determination"

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Cook, James Mackenzie. "Sex determination and sex ratios in parasitoid wasps." Thesis, Online version, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.343408.

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High, Samantha. "Sex Determination in Zebrafish: Genetics of Sex and wnt4a." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20462.

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Effective reproduction is essential for species survival. Sexual reproduction depends upon functional gonads and reproductive ducts. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a popular model organism, but the genetic basis of zebrafish sex determination, gonad development, and reproductive tract development are not fully understood, and understanding this basis could inform about the evolutionary conservation of these genes and the use of zebrafish to investigate and treat reproductive diseases. In chapter I, I give a overview of sex determination systems, gonad development, and reproductive duct development in mammals and fish, and ask how sex is determined and how reproductive ducts develop in zebrafish. In chapter II, I used genome wide association studies (GWAS) to investigate if the genetic basis of sex determination in a variety of zebrafish strains -- two ‘wild-type’ strains cultured for about 30 years in the lab, and four ‘natural’ strains, wild-type strains isolated directly or recently from nature in India -- and identified a sex-associated region on zebrafish chromosome 4 in natural zebrafish strains that was lacking in the lab strains. In chapter III, I investigated whether or not wnt4a is important for zebrafish ovarian development, and found that wnt4a is expressed in the early bipotential gonad and that loss of wnt4a results in male-biased sex ratios, indicating that wnt4a is important for zebrafish ovarian development. In chapter IV, I investigated whether or not wnt4a is important for male reproductive duct development, and found that loss of wnt4a slows the formation of male reproductive ducts and prevents the male fused ducti deferens from connecting to the genital orifice in zebrafish males. Results further showed that wnt4a is expressed in tissue around the site where this connection should occur before and after the connection is formed, revealing a novel wnt4a phenotype in zebrafish that hasn’t been seen thus far, and indicating that wnt4a is necessary for proper male reproductive duct development in zebrafish. This dissertation contains both published and unpublished co-authored material.
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Harvey, Simon Crawford. "Sex determination in Strongyloides ratti." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10942.

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The mechanism of sex determination and the development control of the life-cycle of the gastro-intestinal parasite, Strongyloides ratti was investigated using a combination of genetic and parasitological techniques. Parasitological analysis investigated the effects of intra- and extra-host factors on the development of the free-living phase of the life cycle. An initial analysis of the distribution of infective stages among host faecal pellets showed that they were significantly overdispersed and well described by the negative binomial distribution. This overidspersion was found to occur over a wide range of infection intensities and to increase significantly during infection. Further investigation, coupled with an artificial selection experiment, suggested the existence of two discrete developmental switches; an intra-host sex determination switch and an extra-host free-living female/directly developing iL3 development conversion. Analysis of the effects of host immunity on these developmental switches clarified the way in which the composition of the free-living phase varies over the course of an infection. Increasing host immunity results in a greater proportion of female larvae developing into free-living females rather than into directly developing iL3s. Further evidence suggested that the increase in proportion of female larvae that develop into free-living females with increased host immunity is due to an increased temperature sensitivity of the free-living female/directly developing iL3 developmental conversion. Increasing host immunity also alters the sex ratio, resulting in a greater proportion of larvae developing into free-living males. In addition, increased parasitic female age appears to increase the proportion of larvae that develop into free-living males, but does not increase the proportion of female larvae that develop into free-living females. In conclusion, this thesis has used a combined parasitological and genetic approach to investigate the mechanism of sex determination of S. ratti. This understanding now allows a rational view of the S. ratti life-cycle to be presented. These findings are discussed in relation to previous studies of Strongyloides spp. and further questions raised by this work are discussed.
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Martinez, Bengochea Anabel Lee. "Insights of sex determination and sex differentiation in fish /." Jaboticabal, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/190916.

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Orientador: Rafael Henrique Nóbrega
Resumo: A decisão sobre se uma gônada bipotencial se desenvolverá em um testículo ou em um ovário é considerado um estágio crítico na diferenciação sexual dos vertebrados. A administração de esteróides exógenos durante este período pode afetar essa plasticidade, promovendo a diferenciação sexual na direção feminina ou masculina. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta tese foi avaliar os efeitos do tratamento de 17β-estradiol no desenvolvimento de Astyanax altiparanae (lambari), através de análises histológicas e de análises de expressão genica de possíveis genes envolvidos em vias masculinas e femininas. Para isso, larvas com gônadas indiferenciadas foram alimentadas com Artemia contendo diferentes concentrações de estradiol durante 28 dias, desde o 1 dia pós-eclosão (dpe) até o período que precede a diferenciação gonadal. Nossos resultados mostraram que o E2 modificou o fenotípo e a relação sexual histológica e, surpreendentemente, induziu intersexo com com a presença de óvulos nos testículos nas concentrações de 2 e 6 mg de E2/kg de alimento. Esses dados são uma evidência clara de que o tratamento utilizado não foi suficiente para induzir a reversão completa do sexo em A. altiparanae. Em termos de expressão gênica, o tratamento com E2 (6 mg/kg de alimento) produziu uma notável plasticidade gonadal entre machos e fêmeas aos 90 dias após a eclosão (dph). Os machos, denominados “machos resistentes ao estradiol”, superexpressaram os genes masculinos, como dmrt1, sox9 e amh. Dessa forma, nó... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The decision whether a bipotential gonad will become a testis or ovary is considered a critical stage in vertebrate sex determination. Administration of exogenous steroids can affect this plasticity by skewing the sex gonadal differentiation towards a male or female. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) diet on Astyanax altiparanae (lambari) development, focusing on the gonadal development and gene expression analysis of possible candidate genes involved in either male or female pathways. Larvae with undifferentiated gonads were fed with steroid diet containing different concentrations of E2 during 28 days, from the mouth opening until a period that precedes the gonadal differentiation. Animals were sampled at 90 days post-hatching (dhp) for histology and gene expression analysis. Our results showed that E2 disrupted both phenotypic and histological sex ratios, and surprisingly, induced intersex with testis-ova in the concentrations of 2 and 6 mg E2/Kg food. This data is a clear evidence that the treatment used was not enough to induce complete sex reversal in A. altiparanae. However, in terms of gene expression, E2 (6mg/Kg food) induced a remarkable gonadal plasticity between males and females at 90 dph. The males, named as E2 resistant males, overexpressed the male-biased genes, such as dmrt1, sox9 and amh. We suggested that these males were able to resist the E2-induced feminization by the expression of genes related to testis differentiat... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Abou, Choucha Fadi. "Determination Of The Gene Networks Controlling Sex Determination In Cucurbitaceae." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS175.

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La molécule de l’éthylène (C2H4) est le régulateur principal du sexe chez les cucurbites. Essentiellement, l’éthylène est connu pour son rôle promoteur dans le développement des carpelles et un rôle inhibiteur des étamines dans les fleurs du melon. L’interaction entre les biosynthétique gènes de l’éthylène (CmACS7, CmACS11, et CmACO3) et le facteur de transcription CmWIP1 détermine différentes formes du sexe chez le melon. Le rôle de ces gènes est bien étudié chez le melon. Cependant, le mécanisme qui contrôle l’initiation et la coordination de formation des étamines et des carpelles dans la fleur reste ambigu. En reposant sur l’importance de l’éthylène dans l’expression du sexe chez le melon, j’ai focalisé sur l’identification des gènes impliqués dans la voie signalisation éthylène-sexe. Au cours de la thèse, le criblage des mutants altérés dans la réponse à l’exogène éthylène nous facilitait d’identifier des nouveaux gènes impliqués dans la détermination du sexe chez la famille de Cucurbitacée. Pendant ma thèse j’ai isolé plus de 10 mutants insensibles à l’éthylène de différentes populations du melon. Deux mutants ont été isolés de deux populations monoïques indépendantes. Ces deux mutants provoquent une transition partielle et complète au melon andromonoïque dans la génération M2, respectivement. Un de ces deux mutants a été identifié et caractérisé. Deux autres mutants gsn106 et vat233 ont été criblés de deux populations andromonoïque, provoquent une transition complète et partielle à androïque melon, respectivement. En utilisant le séquençage à haute débit et les analyses génétiques j’ai essayé de cloner et caractériser ces gènes mutants. Par ailleurs, des autres mutants insensibles à l’éthylène sont en cours d’être phénotypes pour le phénotype du sexe. L’isolation et caractérisation des nouveaux gènes impliqués dans le déterminisme du sexe nous aidera pour mettre en place un model clair explant comment le sexe est contrôlé chez les plantes
Ethylene (C2H4) is an important phytohormone in plants and the main sex regulator in the family Cucurbitaceae. As known, the ethylene promotes the carpel development and inhibits the stamens in the melon flower (Cucumis melo L.). The interplay of the biosynthesis genes (CmACS7, CmACS11, et CmACO3) and the transcription factor CmWIP1 generates different sexual forms in melon. The role of these genes in the sex expression is well studied. However, the mechanism that controls the initiation and coordination of stamen and carpel development in the flower remains ambiguous. Based on the importance of the ethylene in the sex determination, I aimed to isolate novel genes involved in the pathway ethylene-sex in the melon (Cucumis melo L.). For this purpose, I used the response to exogenous ethylene in the etiolated seedlings (known as the triple response phenotype) to isolate ethylene-insensitive mutants. During my thesis I isolated more than 10 ethylene-insensitive mutants from six EMS-mutagenised melon populations. Some of these mutants induced changes in the sex expression of the melon. . Two mutants were isolated from two independent monoecious populations (female and male flowers on the same plant) and induced a partial and a complete sexual transition to the andromonoecious melon in the second generation M2, respectively. One of them was cloned and characterized using Omics tools. Two other mutants (gsn106) and (vat233) screened from two independent andromonoecious melon (bisexual and male flowers on the same plant) populations, induced complete and partial sexual transitions into androecy (only male flowers), respectively. Using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and the genetic analysis, we are trying to clone and characterise these mutants (gsn106) and (vat233). In the same way, we continue to observe others promising ethylene-insensitive mutants (vat306, vat175, and vat230) for the sex phenotype. The isolation and characterisation of novel genes involved in the sex determination will permit to provide a new and clear model explains of the sex determination mechanism in plants
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Jackson, Carrie Beth. "A more sensitive sex determination assay." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.

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Lourenço, Diana. "Genetic basis of mammalian sex determination." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066722.

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Chez les mammifères, la détermination sexuelle résulte dans le développement d’un individu mâle ou femelle. Le développement correct de deux sexes dimorphiques dotés d’organes reproductifs fonctionnels est primordial pour la survie des espèces. La détermination sexuelle chez les mammifères a une base génétique et les deux sexes sont génétiquement distincts dés la fertilisation. Les embryons féminins possèdent deux chromosomes X et les masculins un chromosome X et un Y. L’expression de SRY déclenche le développement testiculaire en assurant une expression stable et prolongée du gène SOX9 dans les cellules somatiques de la gonade masculine. Dans les gonades féminines, l’expression de SOX9 est activement réprimée et permet le développement ovarien. Ces événements sont placés en haut de la cascade de détermination sexuelle mais, même si beaucoup de facteurs ont été identifiés, beaucoup restent encore ignorés ou mal connus. Pour identifier de nouveaux facteurs génétiques qui contrôlent la détermination sexuelle chez l’Homme j’ai étudié plusieurs individus ayant des troubles de détermination sexuelle (DSD) - troubles congénitaux où le développement sexuel chromosomique, gonadique ou anatomique est atypique. Pendant ma thèse, mon but a été de mieux comprendre le rôle de trois gènes – NR5A1, GATA4 et FOG2 – dans le développement et fonction des gonades. Mutations dans NR5A1 sont associées à une insuffisance ovarienne précoce et à une infertilité masculine. Mutations dans GATA4 et FOG2 sont associées à des cas de 46,XY DSD avec ou sans phénotype cardiaque. Mes résultats ont démontré le rôle de ces gènes dans la cascade de détermination sexuelle chez l’Homme
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Teo, Tze Min. "Sex determination and sex ratio distortion in the mosquito Aedes aegypti." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4e2bcfe2-7921-421a-9a01-e5c3c41ecdc6.

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Aedes aegypti is one of the most important mosquito vectors of human disease, transmitting dengue, Chikungunya and yellow fever viruses. New control methods are much needed for this species and an ability to skew sex ratios toward males would be very useful for a number of strategies. In this study, male-specific chromosomal regions were searched for in Ae. aegypti using novel approaches such as microdissection of chromosomes. The sex determination pathway of Ae. aegypti was also explored, using Drosophila melanogaster as a model, to find candidate genes that could be used to induce male biased sex ratios. The transformer-2 (tra-2) gene is necessary for sexual differentiation of females in D. melanogaster, but its role remains unknown in mosquitoes. A homolog of tra-2 was identified in Ae. aegypti. Rapid Amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) experiments were conducted to characterize this gene in Ae. aegypti. The Ae. aegypti tra-2 gene, as for D. melanogaster, was highly variable in transcription due to alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation, with 9 different variants identified. RNA interference (RNAi) was then used to determine if knockdown of all variants of Ae. aegypti tra-2 can be achieved and if it would cause gender switching in individuals, initially by means of direct injection of double stranded RNA, and then progressing to germline transformation. A construct designed to produce tra-2 dsRNA was injected into Ae. aegypti embryos and integrated into the Ae. aegypti genome. The transgenic population showed up to 100% male bias in single pair crosses. The male bias effect could still be seen in the heterozygous population. The results suggest that knockdown of tra-2 could provide a useful tool for sex ratio distortion as part of the development of novel control methods for Ae. aegypti.
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Smith, James Michael. "The molecular genetics of mammalian sex determination /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18156.pdf.

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Canning, Claire Ann. "SRY and DAXI in mammalian sex determination." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405946.

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Books on the topic "Sex determination"

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International Symposium on Vertebrate Sex Determination (3rd 2003 Kailua Kona, Hawaii). Vertebrate sex determination. Edited by Lance Valentine. Basel: Karger, 2003.

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1954-, Ainsworth C. C., ed. Sex determination in plants. Oxford: Bios Scientific, 1999.

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1905-, Ainsworth G. C., ed. Sex determination in plants. Oxford: Bios Scientific, 1999.

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S, Wachtel Stephen, ed. Molecular genetics of sex determination. San Diego: Academic Press, 1994.

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S, Wachtel Stephen, and International Conference on Developmental Biology, "Evolutionary Mechanisms in Sex Determination" (1987 : Memphis, Tenn.), eds. Evolutionary mechanisms in sex determination. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1989.

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service), ScienceDirect (Online, ed. Sex determination and sexual development. San Diego, Calif: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2008.

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Hormonal and Genetic Basis of Sexual Differentation (2010 Miami, Fla.). Hormonal and genetic basis of sexual differentiation disorders and hot topics in endocrinology: Proceedings of the 2nd world conference. Edited by New Maria I. 1928- and Simpson Joe Leigh 1943-. New York, N.Y: Springer Science+Business Media, 2011.

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Nicole, Valenzuela, and Lance Valentine, eds. Temperature-dependent sex determination in vertebrates. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Books, 2004.

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Scherer, Gerd, and Michael Schmid, eds. Genes and Mechanisms in Vertebrate Sex Determination. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7781-7.

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Chadwick, Derek, and Jamie Goode, eds. The Genetics and Biology of Sex Determination. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470868732.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sex determination"

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Potter, Sarah J., Deepti Lava Kumar, and Tony DeFalco. "Sex Determination." In Endocrinology, 169–216. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44441-3_5.

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Pandian, T. J. "Sex Determination." In Reproduction and Development in Echinodermata and Prochordata, 163–69. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2018] | Series: Reproduction and development in aquatic invertebrates ; volume 3 | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780815364733-6.

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Potter, Sarah J., Deepti Lava Kumar, and Tony DeFalco. "Sex Determination." In Endocrinology, 1–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29456-8_5-1.

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Pandian, T. J. "Sex Determination." In Evolution and Speciation in Plants, 237–45. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003258155-22.

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Twyman, R. M. "Sex determination." In BIOS Instant Notes in Developmental Biology, 151–60. London: Taylor & Francis, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003416371-29.

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Kowles, Richard. "Sex Determination and Sex Linkage." In Solving Problems in Genetics, 39–63. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0205-6_2.

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Dunford, James C., Louis A. Somma, David Serrano, C. Roxanne Rutledge, John L. Capinera, Guy Smagghe, Eli Shaaya, et al. "Environmental Sex Determination." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 1347. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_5005.

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Pandian, T. J. "Sex Determination – Pheromones." In Evolution and Speciation in Fungi and Eukaryotic Biodiversity, 142–51. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003361350-10.

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Abdel-Hamid, Ibrahim A., Ezzat S. Elsobky, and Moustafa A. Elsaied. "Disorders of Sex Determination." In Genetics of Male Infertility, 279–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37972-8_18.

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Wuertz, Sven, Hilal Güralp, Martin Pšenička, and Mikhail Chebanov. "Sex Determination in Sturgeon." In Sex Control in Aquaculture, 645–68. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119127291.ch33.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sex determination"

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Meisel, Richard. "Sex chromosomes and sex determination in muscid flies." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.106939.

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Hanafi, Muhammad Garry Syahrizal, Elza Ibrahim Auerkari, Ken Sekar Langit, and Ria Puspitawati. "Sex determination by epigenetic regulation." In THE 6TH BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING’S RECENT PROGRESS IN BIOMATERIALS, DRUGS DEVELOPMENT, AND MEDICAL DEVICES: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium of Biomedical Engineering (ISBE) 2021. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0098494.

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Katsuma, Susumu. "Sex determination pathways in lepidopteran insects." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.92934.

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Beukeboom, Leo W. "Diversity of insect sex determination mechanisms." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.92936.

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Marec, Frantisek. "Role of sex chromosomes in sex determination of moths and butterflies." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.92757.

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Abdullah, Hadi, Muhammad Mahadi Abdul Jamil, and Faridah Mohd Nor. "Automated haversian canal detection for histological sex determination." In 2017 IEEE Symposium on Computer Applications & Industrial Electronics (ISCAIE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscaie.2017.8074952.

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SILVA ALVES, LUIZA, ESTELA GALVÃO DE OLIVEIRA, Paulo Henrique Ferreira Caria, and CRISTIANO MANOEL. "Mandible branch assessment as sex determination for human identification." In XXIV Congresso de Iniciação Científica da UNICAMP - 2016. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoa, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.19146/pibic-2016-51337.

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Yang, Wen, Xiamixiding Reziwanguli, Jiachen Xu, Piao Wang, Jiabei Hu, and Xiaoning Liu. "Sex Determination of Skull Based on Fuzzy Decision Tree." In 4th Workshop on Advanced Research and Technology in Industry (WARTIA 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/wartia-18.2018.4.

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Torres, Maria Fernanda, Lisa S. Mathew, Candice Purchase, Yasmin A. Mohamoud, and Joel A. Malek. "Mapping and Sequencing of Sex Determination Genes in Phoenix Dactylifera." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2016.eepp2787.

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Mircea, Ioan Gabriel. "A fuzzy decision tree based method for skeletal sex determination." In 2016 IEEE 11th International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics (SACI). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/saci.2016.7507418.

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Reports on the topic "Sex determination"

1

Hulata, Gideon, Thomas D. Kocher, Micha Ron, and Eyal Seroussi. Molecular Mechanisms of Sex Determination in Cultured Tilapias. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7697106.bard.

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Tilapias are among the most important aquaculture commodities worldwide. Commercial production of tilapia is based on monosex culture of males. Current methods for producing all-male fingerlings, including hormone treatments and genetic manipulations, are not entirely reliable, in part because of the genetic complexity of sex determination and sexual differentiation in tilapias. The goals of this project are to map QTL and identify genes regulating sex determination in commonly cultured tilapia species, in order to provide a rational basis for designing reliable genetic approaches for producing all-male fingerlings. The original objectives for this research were: 1) to identify the gene underlying the QTL on LG1 through positional cloning and gene expression analysis; 2) to fine map the QTL on LG 3 and 23; and 3) to characterize the patterns of dominance and epistasis among QTL alleles influencing sex determination. The brain aromatase gene Cyp19b, a possible candidate for the genetic or environmental SD, was mapped to LG7 using our F2 mapping population. This region has not been identified before as affecting SD in tilapias. The QTL affecting SD on LG 1 and 23 have been fine-mapped down to 1 and 4 cM, respectively, but the key regulators for SD have not been found yet. Nevertheless, a very strong association with gender was found on LG23 for marker UNH898. Allele 276 was found almost exclusively in males, and we hypothesized that this allele is a male-associated allele (MAA). Mating of males homozygous for MAA with normal females is underway for production of all-male populations. The first progeny reaching size allowing accurate sexing had 43 males and no females. During the course of the project it became apparent that in order to achieve those objectives there is a need to develop genomic infrastructures that were lacking. Efforts have been devoted to the development of genomic resources: a database consisting of nearly 117k ESTs representing 16 tissues from tilapia were obtained; a web tool based on the RepeatMasker software was designed to assist tilapia genomics; collaboration has been established with a sequencing company to sequence the tilapia genome; steps have been taken toward constructing a microarray to enable comparative analysis of the entire transcriptome that is required in order to detect genes that are differentially expressed between genders in early developmental stages. Genomic resources developed will be invaluable for studies of cichlid physiology, evolution and development, and will hopefully lead to identification of the key regulators of SD. Thus, they will have both scientific and agricultural implications in the coming years.
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Grumet, Rebecca, Rafael Perl-Treves, and Jack Staub. Ethylene Mediated Regulation of Cucumis Reproduction - from Sex Expression to Fruit Set. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696533.bard.

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Reproductive development is a critical determinant of agricultural yield. For species with unisexual flowers, floral secualdifferentation adds additional complexity, that can influenec productivity. The hormone ethylene has long, been known to play a primary role in sex determination in the Cucumis species cucumber (C. sativus) and melon (C. melo). Our objectives were to: (1) Determine critical sites of ethylene production and perception for sex determination; (2) Identify additional ethylene related genes associated with sex expression; and (3) Examine the role of environment ami prior fruit set on sex expression, pistillate flower maturation, and fruit set. We made progress in each of these areas. (1) Transgenic melon produced with the Arabidopsis dominant negative ethylene perception mutant gene, etrl-1, under the control of floral primordia targeted promoters [AP3 (petal and stamen) and CRC (carpel and nectary)], showed that ethylene perception by the stamen primordia, rather than carpel primordia, is critical for carpel development at the time of sex determination. Transgenic melons also were produced with the ethylene production enzyme gene. ACS, encoding l-aminocyclopropane-lcarboylate synthase, fused to the AP3 or CRC promoters. Consistent with the etr1-1 results, CRC::ACS did not increase femaleness; however, AP3::ACS reduced or eliminated male flower production. The effects of AP3:ACS were stronger than those of 35S::ACS plants, demonstratin g the importance of targeted expression, while avoiding disadvantages of constitutive ethylene production. (2) Linkage analysis coupled with SNP discovery was per formed on ethylene and floral development genes in cucumber populations segregating for the three major sex genes. A break-through towards cloning the cucumber M gene occurred when the melon andromonoecious gene (a), an ACS gene, was cloned in 2008. Both cucumber M and melon a suppress stamen development in pistillate flowers. We hypothesized that cucumber M could be orthologous to melon a, and found that mutations in CsACS2 co-segregated perfectly with the M gene. We also sought to identify miRNA molecules associated with sex determination. miRNA159, whose target in Arabidopsis is GAMYB[a transcription factor gene mediating response to10 gibberellin (GA)], was more highly expressed in young female buds than male. Since GA promotes maleness in cucumber, a micro RNA that counteracts GAMYB could promote femaleness. miRNA157, which in other plants targets transcription factors involved in flower development , was expressed in young male buds and mature flower anthers. (3) Gene expression profiling showed that ethylene-, senescence-, stress- and ubiquitin-related genes were up-regulated in senescing and inhibited fruits, while those undergoing successful fruit set up-regulated photosynthesis, respiration and metabolic genes. Melon plants can change sex expression in response to environmental conditions, leading to changes in yield potential. Unique melon lines with varying sex expression were developed and evaluated in the field in Hancock, Wisconsin . Environmental changes during the growing season influenced sex expression in highly inbred melon lines. Collectively these results are of significance for understanding regulation of sex expression. The fact that both cucumber sex loci identified so far (F and M) encode isoforms of the same ethylene synthesis enzyme, underscores the importance of ethylene as the main sex determining hormone in cucumber. The targeting studies give insight into developmental switch points and suggest a means to develop lines with earlier carpel-bearing flower production and fruit set. These results are of significance for understanding regulation of sex expression to facilitate shorter growing seasons and earlier time to market. Field results provide information for development of management strategies for commercial production of melon cultivars with different sex expression characteristics during fruit production.
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Hulata, Gideon, Thomas D. Kocher, and Micha Ron. Elucidating the molecular pathway of sex determination in cultured Tilapias and use of genetic markers for creating monosex populations. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695855.bard.

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The objectives of this project were to: 1) Identify genetic markers linked to sex-determining genes in various experimental and commercial stocks of O. niloticusand O. aureus, as well as red tilapias; 2) Develop additional markers tightly linked to these sex determiners, and develop practical, non-destructive genetic tests for identifying genotypic sex in young tilapia; A third aim, to map sex modifier loci, was removed during budget negotiations at the start of the project. Background to the topic. A major obstacle to profitable farming of tilapia is the tendency of females to reproduce at a small size during the production cycle, diverting feed and other resources to a large population of small, unmarketable fish. Several approaches for producing all-male fingerlings have been tried, including interspecific hybridization, hormonal masculinization, and the use of YY-supermale broodstock. Each method has disadvantages that could be overcome with a better understanding of the genetic basis of sex determination in tilapia. The lack of sex-linked markers has been a major impediment in research and development of efficient monosex populations for tilapia culture. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. We identified DNA markers linked to sex determining genes in six closely related species of tilapiine fishes. The mode of sex determination differed among species. In Oreochromis karongaeand Tilapia mariaethe sex-determining locus is on linkage group (LG) 3 and the female is heterogametic (WZ-ZZ system). In O. niloticusand T. zilliithe sex-determining locus is on LG1 and the male is heterogametic (XX-XY system). We have nearly identified the series of BAC clones that completely span the region. A more complex pattern was observed in O. aureus and O. mossambicus, in which markers on both LG1 and LG3 were associated with sex. We found evidence for sex-linked lethal effects on LG1, as well as interactions between loci in the two linkage groups. Comparison of genetic and physical maps demonstrated a broad region of recombination suppression harboring the sex-determining locus on LG3. We also mapped 29 genes that are considered putative regulators of sex determination. Amhand Dmrta2 mapped to separate QTL for sex determination on LG23. The other 27 genes mapped to various linkage groups, but none of them mapped to QTL for sex determination, so they were excluded as candidates for sex determination in these tilapia species. Implications, both scientific and agricultural. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that at least two transitions in the mode of sex determination have occurred in the evolution of tilapia species. This variation makes tilapias an excellent model system for studying the evolution of sex chromosomes in vertebrates. The genetic markers we have identified on LG1 in O. niloticusaccurately diagnose the phenotypic sex and are being used to develop monosex populations of tilapia, and eliminate the tedious steps of progeny testing to verify the genetic sex of broodstock animals.
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Wanek, Veronica. A Qualitative Analysis for Sex Determination in Humans Utilizing Posterior and Medial Aspects of the Distal Humerus. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5455.

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Perl-Treves, Rafael, Rebecca Grumet, Nurit Katzir, and Jack E. Staub. Ethylene Mediated Regulation of Sex Expression in Cucumis. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586536.bard.

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Monoecious species such as melon and cucumber develop separate male and female (or bisexual) flowers on the same plant individual. They display complex genetic and hormonal regulation of sex patterns along the plant. Ethylene is known to play an important role in promoting femaleness and inhibiting male development, but many questions regarding critical sites of ethylene production versus perception, the relationship between ethylene and the sex determining loci, and the possible differences between melon and cucumber in this respect are still open. The general goal of the project was to elucidate the role of ethylene in determining flower sex in Cucumis species, melon and cucumber. The specific Objectives were: 1. Clone and characterize expression patterns of cucumber genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and perception. 2. Genetic mapping of cloned genes and markers with respect to sex loci in melon and cucumber. 3. Produce and analyze transgenic melons altered in ethylene production or perception. In the course of the project, some modifications/adjustments were made: under Objective 2 (genetic mapping) a set of new mapping populations had to be developed, to allow better detection of polymorphism. Under Objective 3, cucumber transformation systems became available to us and we included this second model species in our plan. The main findings of our study support the pivotal role of ethylene in cucumber and melon sex determination and later stages of reproductive development. Modifying ethylene production resulted in profound alteration of sex patterns in melon: femaleness increased, and also flower maturation and fruit set were enhanced, resulting in earlier, more concentrated fruit yield in the field. Such effect was previously unknown and could have agronomic value. Our results also demonstrate the great importance of ethylene sensitivity in sex expression. Ethylene perception genes are expressed in sex-related patterns, e.g., gynoecious lines express higher levels of receptor-transcripts, and copper treatments that activate the receptor can increase femaleness. Transgenic cucumbers with increased expression of an ethylene receptor showed enhanced femaleness. Melons that expressed a defective receptor produced fewer hermaphrodite flowers and were insensitive to exogenous ethylene. When the expression of defective receptor was restricted to specific floral whorls, we saw that pistils were not inhibited by the blocked perception at the fourth whorl. Such unexpected findings suggest an indirect effect of ethylene on the affected whorl; it also points at interesting differences between melon and cucumber regarding the mode of action of ethylene. Such effects will require further study. Finally, our project also generated and tested a set of novel genetic tools for finer identification of sex determining genes in the two species and for efficient breeding for these characters. Populations that will allow easier linkage analysis of candidate genes with each sex locus were developed. Moreover, effects of modifier genes on the major femaleness trait were resolved. QTL analysis of femaleness and related developmental traits was conducted, and a comprehensive set of Near Isogenic Lines that differ in specific QTLs were prepared and made available for the private and public research. Marker assisted selection (MAS) of femaleness and fruit yield components was directly compared with phenotypic selection in field trials, and the relative efficiency of MAS was demonstrated. Such level of genetic resolution and such advanced tools were not used before to study these traits, that act as primary yield components to determine economic yields of cucurbits. In addition, this project resulted in the establishment of workable transformation procedures in our laboratories and these can be further utilized to study the function of sex-related genes in detail.
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Rafaeli, Ada, Russell Jurenka, and Daniel Segal. Isolation, Purification and Sequence Determination of Pheromonotropic-Receptors. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7695850.bard.

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Moths constitute a major group of pest insects in agriculture. Pheromone blends are utilised by a variety of moth species to attract conspecific mates, which is under circadian control by the neurohormone, PBAN (pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide). Our working hypothesis was that, since the emission of sex-pheromone is necessary to attract a mate, then failure to produce and emit pheromone is a potential strategy for manipulating adult moth behavior. The project aimed at identifying, characterising and determining the sequence of specific receptors responsible for the interaction with pheromonotropic neuropeptide/s using two related moth species: Helicoverpa armigera and H. lea as model insects. We established specific binding to a membrane protein estimated at 50 kDa in mature adult females using a photoaffinity-biotin probe for PBAN. We showed that JH is required for the up-regulation of this putative receptor protein. In vitro studies established that the binding initiates a cascade of second messengers including channel opening for calcium ions and intracellular cAMP production. Pharmacological studies (using sodium fluoride) established that the receptor is coupled to a G-protein, that is, the pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide receptor (PBAN-R) belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)'s. We showed that PBAN-like peptides are present in Drosophila melanogaster based on bioassay and immunocytochemical data. Using the annotated genome of D. melanogaster to search for a GPCR, we found that some were similar to neuromedin U- receptors of vertebrates, which contain a similar C-terminal ending as PBAN. We established that neuromedin U does indeed induce pheromone biosynthesis and cAMP production. Using a PCR based cloning strategy and mRNA isolated from pheromone glands of H. zea, we successfully identified a gene encoding a GPCR from pheromone glands. The full-length PBAN-R was subsequently cloned and expressed in Sf9 insect cells and was shown to mobilize calcium in response to PBAN in a dose-dependent manner. The successful progress in the identification of a gene, encoding a GPCR for the neurohormone, PBAN, provides a basis for the design of a novel battery of compounds that will specifically antagonize pheromone production. Furthermore, since PBAN belongs to a family of insect neuropeptides with more than one function in different life stages, this rationale may be extended to other physiological key-regulatory processes in different insects.
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Werren, John H., Einat Zchori-Fein, and Moshe Coll. Parthenogenesis-Inducing Microorganisms in Parasitic Hymenoptera: Their Mode of Action and Utilization for Improvement of Biological Control Agents. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7573080.bard.

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Wolbachia are intracellular bacteria known to cause reproductive and sex ratio disorders in many insects. In various parasitic Hymenoptera, Wolbachia induce thelytokous reproduction. The overall goal of this research was the improvement of biological control agents by reversion of their mode of reproduction. This was attempted from two directions: 1) studying the effect of naturally occurring Wolbachia on the thelytokous species Muscidifuraxuniraptor and 2) trying to transmit thelytoky-inducing Wolbachia to Nasoniavitripennis. In M. uniraptor, gamete duplication was found to be the mode of diploidy restoration and Wolbachia density had a strong effect on sex ratio but not on host fitness. Studies on the natural horizontal transmission of Wolbachia between Nasonia wasps and their Protocalliphora hosts using the Wolbachia Outer Surface Protein (WOSP) gene revealed that (a) two Nasonia species (N. giraulti and N. longicornis) possess closely related strains of B-group Wolbachia, but N. vitripennisapparently acquired B Wolbachia by horizontal transmission from an unknown source, (b) Nasonia and its Protocalliphora host have similar Wolbachia, and (c) the Protocalliphora Wolbachia WOSP gene is a recombinant between the one found in N. giraulti/longicornis and N. vitripennis. Results show parasitoid-host insect transmission of Wolbachia and recombination among Wolbachia strains. Results from gynandromorph studies suggest a novel mechanism of sex determination in Nasonia.
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PHILIPP, B. L. Cold Vacuum Drying (CVD) Set Point Determination. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/804794.

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PHILIPP, B. L. Cold Vacuum Drying (CVD) Set Point Determination. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/801152.

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PHILIPP, B. L. Cold Vacuum Drying (CVD) Set Point Determination. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/801885.

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