Journal articles on the topic 'Sex crimes – Investigation – Ontario'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Sex crimes – Investigation – Ontario.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Sex crimes – Investigation – Ontario.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Friedland, Martin L., and Kent Roach. "Borderline Justice: Choosing Juries in the Two Niagaras." Israel Law Review 31, no. 1-3 (1997): 120–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700015260.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the use of juries in criminal cases in Canada and the United States. It is part of a larger study of the administration of criminal justice in Niagara County, Ontario and Niagara County, New York. The basic question examined is why persons accused of serious crimes in the United States usually select a jury, whereas persons in similar circumstances in Canada normally select trial by a judge alone. An investigation of this question will enable us to see some significant differences between the administration of criminal justice in the United States and Canada. It will also show how changes in specific procedural rules may affect other practices. There is a complex interplay between procedural rules. The paper concludes by showing that the widespread use of juries in the United States is consistent with the more populist grass-roots approach in American society which tends to distrust government, compared with the traditional respect for authority, including the authority of judges, in Canada.
2
Cabelus, Nancy B., and Gary T. Sheridan. "Forensic Investigation of Sex Crimes In Colombia." Journal of Forensic Nursing 3, no. 3-4 (June 28, 2008): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-3938.2007.tb00096.x.
Full text
3
Cabelus, Nancy B., and Gary T. Sheridan. "Forensic Investigation of Sex Crimes In Colombia." Journal of Forensic Nursing 3, no. 3 (September 2007): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01263942-200709000-00003.
Full text
4
D’Angelo-Scott, H., J. Cutler, D. Friedman, A. Hendriks, and AM Jolly. "Social Network Investigation of a Syphilis Outbreak in Ottawa, Ontario." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 26, no. 5 (2015): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/705720.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: The incidence of syphilis in Ottawa, Ontario, has risen substantially since 2000 to six cases per 100,000 in 2003, again to nine cases per 100,000 in 2007, and recently rose to 11 cases per 100,000 in 2010. The number of cases reported in the first quarter of 2010 was more than double that in the first quarter of 2009.OBJECTIVE: In May 2010, the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care requested the assistance of the Field Epidemiology Program to describe the increase in infectious syphilis rates and to identify social network sources and prevention messages.METHODS: Syphilis surveillance data were routinely collected from January 1, 2009 to July 15, 2010, and social networks were constructed from an enhanced social network questionnaire. Univariate comparisons between the enhanced surveillance group and the remaining cases from 2009 on non-normally distributed data were conducted using Kruskal-Wallis tests and χ2tests.RESULTS: The outbreak cases were comprised of 89% men. Seventeen of the 19 most recent cases consented to answer the questionnaire, which revealed infrequent use of condoms, multiple sex partners and sex with a same-sex partner. Information regarding social venues where sex partners were met was plotted together with sexual partnerships, linking 18 cases and 40 contacts, representing 37% of the outbreak population and connecting many of the single individuals and dyads.CONCLUSION: Uncovering the places sex partners met was an effective proxy measure of high-risk activities shared with infected individuals and demonstrates the potential for focusing on interventions at one named bar and one Internet site to reach a high proportion of the population at risk.
5
Budd, Kristen M., and David M. Bierie. "Injury Matters: On Female-Perpetrated Sex Crimes." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 19-20 (June 1, 2017): 3735–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517711178.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the importance of studying sexual assaults perpetrated by women, the field knows very little about female sexual offenders’ (FSOs) use of violence or physical injury resulting from these assaults. This study draws more than 20 years of National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data reported to police (1992-2014) to identify factors that distinguish between female perpetrated incidents of sexual assault that result in severe, minor, or no physical victim injuries above and beyond the sexual assault itself. Using a multinomial logistic regression model (MNLM), 15,928 incidents of FSO-perpetrated sexual assault were analyzed from the NIBRS. The results showed that the extent of victim injuries sustained during the sexual assault incidents was associated with a number of factors, including the presence of a female victim, the age of victim, a greater number of offenders, and the presence of weapons. In particular, incidents that resulted in major victim injuries were significantly associated with alcohol and drug use by the perpetrator. In general, incidents with young children were at increased risk of a sexual assault resulting in a major or minor victim injury. Although further investigation is needed to continue to better understand female sexual offending behaviors, these findings suggest that certain incident characteristics increase the likelihood of the assault to involve the use of violence by an FSO against her victims.
6
Shin, Sang-Hyun. "Introduction of Undercover Investigators for the Investigation of Digital Sex Crimes against Children and Juveniles." Korea Law Review 97 (June 30, 2020): 157–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36532/kulri.2020.97.157.
Full text
7
Pranata, I. Ketut Detri Eka Adi, I Nyoman Putu Budiartha, and I. Made Minggu Widyantara. "Tindak Pidana Penganiayaan Anak oleh Orang Tua Ditinjau dari Aspek Perlindungan Anak." Jurnal Preferensi Hukum 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.55637/jph.3.2.4927.260-265.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to analyze and describe the crime of child abuse by parents in terms of child protection aspects. Current developments bring about the evils that society suffers from: violent crimes and maltreatment. One of the most common are crimes involving child victims. Such cases are known as child abuse. Two main problems arise from this declaration. That is, the regulation of criminal sanctions for criminal acts committed by parents and legal protection of children who are abused within the meaning of the Child Protection Act. This investigation uses a normative legal investigation type with a legal and conceptual approach. This research is included in normative research, which is sourced from primary legal materials. Data were collected by using literature and document study methods. The results show that. The imposition of criminal sanctions on criminal acts committed by parents if they meet the elements of Article 76C is child protection against abuse of political activities, involvement in armed conflict, involvement in social unrest, and involvement in cases. From Law. Elements of violence, involvement in war and sex crimes.
8
Sharma, Tanmay, Rita E. Morassut, Christine Langlois, and David Meyre. "Effect of sex/gender on obesity traits in Canadian first year university students: The GENEiUS study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): e0247113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247113.
Full textAbstract:
Background While weight gain during first year of university has been well documented in North America, literature on sex-specific effects is scarce and inconsistent. The objective of this investigation was to explore sex-specific changes in obesity traits during first year of university at McMaster University (Ontario, Canada). Methods 245 first-year students (80.4% females) were followed longitudinally with data collected early in the academic year and towards the end of the year. Obesity parameters including weight, waist and hip circumferences, BMI, and waist to hip ratio were investigated. The Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for pairwise comparison of traits in the absence of adjustments. Additionally, the repeated-measures ANOVA test was used with covariate adjustments to investigate the interaction between sex and time. Results Overall sample trends indicated a significant increase in mean weight by 1.55 kg (95% CI: 1.24–1.86) over the school year (p<0.001). This was accompanied by significant gains in BMI, and waist and hip circumferences (p<0.001) in the overall sample. At baseline, males presented with higher body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, and WHR, as compared to their females counterparts (p<0.01). Additionally, sex-stratified analysis indicated significant gains in weight, BMI, and waist and hip circumferences in both males and females (p<0.01). However, a comparison of the magnitude of change over time between the two sex groups revealed no significant difference for any of the investigated traits (p>0.05). Conclusion While our study confirms significant weight gain in both male and female first year university students in Ontario, Canada, it does not show sex specific differences within this context. Our investigation highlights the importance of accounting for sex and gender in health research and supports the need of further studies in this area.
9
Jani, Hamid Reza Mirza, and Fatemeh Mirdad. "Ominous Phenomena such as Fraud and Forgery." Asian Social Science 13, no. 7 (June 23, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n7p10.
Full textAbstract:
The main aim of this investigation is to examine crimes such as fraud and forgery and characteristics of convicts in a new context. To this end, prisoners are grouped in terms of their statuses in Mashhad city and some characteristics of convicts including sex ratio, marital status, educational level, and occupational status are studied. Using data analysis, proportions of the data are analyzed and the findings show that characteristic of convicts are important factors in committing crimes. That is, characteristics of convicts have influence on their fraud and forgery crimes. As well, crime management is another major issue in this research. Crime management can be not only controlling and limiting the convicts, but also informing the victims. Victims should be kept better informed of the consequences of cupidity or credulity. Therefore, the issue of characteristics of convicts is an intriguing one which can help us find strengthen and weakness of current solutions and problems.
10
Zhurbenko, A. M., and E. I. Simonenko. "FEATURES OF LEGAL PRECEDING INITIATIONS ON AFFAIRS IMPLEMENTATING EXTREMIST ACTIVITY." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 21, no. 6 (December 28, 2017): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2017-21-6-235-240.
Full textAbstract:
Study of crimes connected with implementation of extremist activity as negative social and legal phenomenon is especially significant now. Firstly it is connected with aggravation of the social conflicts in the Russian society in general, violence tendency and different illegal ways of their solution. At present stage of criminogenic situation development the number of crimes connected with extremist activity, terrorism and also with arousing hatred and hostility on the bases of sex, races, nationalities, the relations to religion, belonging to this or that social group grows in our country. Such crimes are most often committed by speech. This speech becomes proof of criminal cases connected with implementation of extremist activity. Acts provided by Art. 280, 282 2822 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation [4] belong to crimes of extremist orientation committed by means of speech. It is necessary to have special linguistic knowledge to ascertain the truth on specified cases. Such crimes are committed by means of speech - oral or written. Conclusions of experts’ researches are important not only for making decision on excitement or on refusal in initiation of legal proceedings, but also for correct qualification of criminal action. Analysis of law-enforcement practice of such crimes investigation shows that there are some problems connected with conducting linguistic examination at a stage of legal proceedings initiation. Inopportuneness of the investigator who sends material for carrying out a research which contains extremism can significantly increase time of legal proceedings initiation.
11
Fəxrəddin oğlu Şükürov, Cahangir. "Computer photo imaging as one of the methods of identity identification." SCIENTIFIC WORK 66, no. 05 (May 20, 2021): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/66/125-127.
Full textAbstract:
In modern times, the change and complication of the structure of crime and civil law relations is gaining special relevance due to the emergence of new forms and mechanisms for the commission of crimes and offenses based on the use of modern computers, information, industry and other high technologies. One of the methods of identification is the identification of a person by a computer image and a vivid image and a skull. Determining the identity of an unknown person based on his skull is one of the most important issues in forensic medicine and criminology. Resolving this issue is of particular importance to the investigation and is usually the closest way to identifying the perpetrator or other circumstances. In addition to general characteristics (race, race type, sex, age, neck length), physical characteristics, traces of trauma and medical intervention are identified to identify the skull skeleton, and when taken together, they can be characterized at the individual level. If the collection of genetic traits is based on objective information about the missing person, then the identity of the suspect can be proven. Key words: identity identification, criminal association, rapper points, information technologies, photo comparison method, investigation of crimes
12
Beck, Cynthia A., Luanne M. Metz, Lawrence W. Svenson, and Scott B. Patten. "Regional variation of multiple sclerosis prevalence in Canada." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 11, no. 5 (October 2005): 516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1352458505ms1192oa.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To describe the regional distribution of multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence in Canada, controlling for age and sex. Methods: This study used data from the Canadian Community Health Survey, a large general health survey (n=131,535) conducted in 2000/2001. Subjects aged 18 and over were included in the current analysis (n=116,109). The presence of MS was determined by self-report. Prevalence was computed in five regions (Atlantic, Quebec, Ontario, Prairies and British Columbia). Logistic regression was used to compare regions and examine for confounding/interaction by age and sex. Results: The overall Canadian MS prevalence was 240 per 100 000 (95%CI: 210-280). Prevalence ranged from 180 (95%CI: 90-260) in Quebec to 350 (95%CI: 230-470) in Atlantic Canada. Logistic regression revealed no statistical difference between the odds of MS in Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia adjusted for age and sex. The adjusted odds of MS in the Prairies and Atlantic regions were significantly higher than in the other regions combined, with odds ratios of 1.7 (95%CI: 1.1-2.4, p<0.01) and 1.6 (95%CI: 1.1-2.4, p<0.05) respectively. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated similar prevalence in the nonaboriginal/nonimmigrant group (n=96 219). Conclusion: Results suggest that Canadian MS prevalence differs by region. If validated, these regional differences may facilitate investigation of environmental influences.
13
Chopin, Julien, and Eric Beauregard. "Elderly Sexual Abuse: An Examination of the Criminal Event." Sexual Abuse 32, no. 6 (April 23, 2019): 706–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063219843899.
Full textAbstract:
The current study investigates the modus operandi specificities for the sexual abuse against the elderly. A comparison between sex crimes against adult and elderly victims is conducted following the criminal event approach. The comparison is based on the precrime, crime, and postcrime phases of the modus operandi, operationalized through 53 variables. The sample comes from a French national police database including a total of 1,829 cases—including 130 cases of elderly sexual abuse and 1,699 cases of sexual abuse against victims aged between 18 and 45 years. Bivariate and multivariate analyses are performed to examine the differences in the two groups. Several differences are observed between the two modus operandi. Findings indicate that the precrime phase is the most important to explain these differences, and this phase of the criminal event affects the rest of the decisions taken during the crime and postcrime phases. Specifically, we have highlighted that sexual crimes against the elderly are more violent and occur more often in the victim’s residence. This study suggests that offenders targeting the elderly use specific crime characteristics, and this allows to highlight practical implications in terms of investigation and offender management.
14
Maier, Allison, Julia Krolik, and Anna Majury. "Triage and Protocol Recommendations for the Parasitology Laboratory Based on an Epidemiological Investigation of Parasite Diagnostics in Ontario Laboratories." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 25, no. 6 (2014): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/452815.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVES:A study was performed using a subset of Ontario laboratory parasitology data, with three objectives: to describe parasitic infections in Ontario; to identify risk factors for acquiring a parasitic infection using routinely collected information; and to use this information to assess current protocols for parasite testing in laboratories and, in turn, to propose alternatives to optimize the allocation of laboratory resources.METHODS: All parasitology records from January 4, 2010 to September 14, 2010 were reviewed descriptively and risk factor analyses were performed using information collected from requisitions. These results were used to develop preliminary alternative protocols, which considered high-throughput screening tests and inclusion/exclusion criteria for ova and parasite testing; these were then retrospectively analyzed with the dataset to determine appropriateness.RESULTS: Of the 29,260 records analyzed, 10% were multiple samples from single patients submitted on the same day, of which 98% had the same result. Three percent of all parasite tests were positive, with the most prevalent parasites being (in ascending order)Dientamoeba fragilis,Giardia lamblia,Cryptosporidiumspecies andEntamoeba histolytica/dispar. Age and sex were found to be weak risk factors, while rural living was found to be a moderate risk factor forD fragilis,G lambliaandCryptosporidiuminfections. The strongest risk factor was travel history, especially for nonendemic parasites. The retrospective analysis of six alternative protocols identified four that may be more efficient than current procedures.CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated that current protocols may be redundant and can be optimized to target prevalent parasites and populations with high risk factors.
15
Maxwell, Colleen J., Luke Mondor, Anna J. Pefoyo Koné, David B. Hogan, and Walter P. Wodchis. "Sex differences in multimorbidity and polypharmacy trends: A repeated cross-sectional study of older adults in Ontario, Canada." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 26, 2021): e0250567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250567.
Full textAbstract:
Background Multimorbidity is increasing among older adults, but the impact of these recent trends on the extent and complexity of polypharmacy and possible variation by sex remains unknown. We examined sex differences in multimorbidity, polypharmacy (5+ medications) and hyper-polypharmacy (10+ medications) in 2003 vs 2016, and the interactive associations between age, multimorbidity level, and time on polypharmacy measures. Methods and findings We employed a repeated cross-sectional study design with linked health administrative databases for all persons aged ≥66 years eligible for health insurance in Ontario, Canada at the two index dates. Descriptive analyses and multivariable logistic regression models were conducted; models included interaction terms between age, multimorbidity level, and time period to estimate polypharmacy and hyper-polypharmacy probabilities, risk differences and risk ratios for 2016 vs 2003. Multimorbidity, polypharmacy and hyper-polypharmacy increased significantly over the 13 years. At both index dates prevalence estimates for all three were higher in women, but a greater absolute increase in polypharmacy over time was observed in men (6.6% [from 55.7% to 62.3%] vs 0.9% [64.2%-65.1%] for women) though absolute increases in multimorbidity were similar for men and women (6.9% [72.5%-79.4%] vs 6.2% [75.9%-82.1%], respectively). Model findings showed that polypharmacy decreased over time among women aged < 90 years (especially for younger ages and those with fewer conditions), whereas it increased among men at all ages and multimorbidity levels (with larger absolute increases typically at older ages and among those with 4 or fewer conditions). Conclusions There are sex and age differences in the impact of increasing chronic disease burden on changes in measures of multiple medication use among older adults. Though the drivers and health consequences of these trends warrant further investigation, the findings support the heterogeneity and complexity in the evolving association between multimorbidity and polypharmacy measures in older populations.
16
Avalos, Lisa. "Prosecuting Rape Victims While Rapists Run Free: The Consequences of Police Failure to Investigate Sex Crimes in Britain and the United States." Michigan Journal of Gender & Law, no. 23.1 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36641/mjgl.23.1.prosecuting.
Full textAbstract:
Imagine that a close friend is raped, and you encourage her to report it to the police. At first, she thinks that the police are taking her report seriously, but the investigation does not seem to move forward. The next thing she knows, they accuse her of lying and ultimately file charges against her. You and your friend are in shock; this outcome never entered your minds. This nightmare may seem inconceivable, but it has in fact occurred repeatedly in both the United States and Britain—countries that are typically lauded for their high levels of gender equality. In Britain, where perverting the course of justice is a serious crime with a potential term of life in prison, many rape complainants have been sent to prison for two and three year terms. This five-part Article analyzes this problem and sets out recommendations for legal reform.
17
Tan, Jensen, Jennifer Muir, Natalie Coburn, Simron Singh, David Hodgson, Refik Saskin, Alex Kiss, et al. "Surveillance Patterns After Curative-Intent Colorectal Cancer Surgery in Ontario." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 28, no. 8 (2014): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/870968.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Postoperative surveillance following curative-intent resection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is variably performed due to existing guideline differences and to the limited data supporting different strategies.OBJECTIVES: To examine population-based rates of surveillance imaging and endoscopy in patients in Ontario following curative-intent resection of CRC with no evidence of recurrence, as well as patient or disease factors that may predispose certain groups to more frequent versus less frequent surveillance; to provide insight to the care patients receive in the presence of conflicting guidelines, in efforts to help improve care of CRC survivors by identifying any potential underuse or overuse of particular surveillance modalities, or inequalities in access to surveillance.METHOD: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Ontario Cancer Registry and several linked databases. Ontario patients undergoing curative-intent CRC resection from 2003 to 2007 were identified, excluding patients with probable disease relapse. In the five-year period following surgery, the number of imaging and endoscopic examinations was determined.RESULTS: There were 4960 patients included in the study. Over the five-year postoperative period, the highest proportion of patients who underwent postoperative surveillance received the following number of tests for each modality examined: one to three abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scans (n=2073 [41.8%]); one to three abdominal ultrasounds (n=2443 [49.3%]); no chest CTs, one to three chest x-rays (n=2385 [48.1%]); and two endoscopies (n=1845 [37.2%]). Odds of not receiving any abdominopelvic imaging (CT or abdominal ultrasound) were higher in those who did not receive adjuvant chemo-therapy (OR 6.99 [95% CI 5.26 to 9.35]) or those living in certain geographical areas, but were independent of age, sex and income. Nearly all patients (n=4473 [90.2%]) underwent ≥1 endoscopy at some point during the follow-up period.CONCLUSION: In contrast to findings from similar studies in other jurisdictions, most Ontario CRC survivors receive postoperative surveillance with imaging and endoscopy, and care is equitable across sociodemographic groups, although unexplained geographical variation in practice exists and warrants further investigation.
18
Leon, Chrysanthi. "Book Review: Carney, T. P. (2004). Practical Investigation of Sex Crimes: A Strategic and Operational Approach. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. xix, 221." Criminal Justice Review 33, no. 1 (March 2008): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016808314565.
Full text
19
Alharbi, Othman, Linda Rabeneck, Lawrence F. Paszat, Duminda N. Wijeysundera, Rinku Sutradhar, Lingsong Yun, Christopher M. Vinden, and Jill Tinmouth. "A Population-based Analysis of Outpatient Colonoscopy in Adults Assisted by an Anesthesiologist." Anesthesiology 111, no. 4 (October 1, 2009): 734–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181b786d4.
Full textAbstract:
Background The use of propofol to sedate patients for colonoscopy, generally administered by an anesthesiologist in North America, is increasingly popular. In the United States, regional use of anesthesiologist-assisted endoscopy appears to correlate with local payor policy. This study's objective was to identify nonpayor factors (patient, physician, institution) associated with anesthesiologist assistance at colonoscopy. Methods The authors performed a population-based cross-sectional analysis using Ontario health administrative data, 1993-2005. All outpatient colonoscopies performed on adults were identified. Hierarchical multivariable modeling was used to identify patient (age, sex, income quintile, comorbidity), physician (specialty, colonoscopy volume), and institution (type, volume) factors associated with receipt of anesthesiologist-assisted colonoscopy. Results During the study period, 1,838,879 colonoscopies were performed on 1,202,548 patients. The proportion of anesthesiologist-assisted colonoscopies rose from 8.4% in 1993 to 19.1% in 2005 (P < 0.0001). In the hierarchical model, patients in low-volume community hospitals were five times more likely to receive anesthesiologist-assisted colonoscopy than patients in high-volume community hospitals (odds ration 4.9; 95% confidence interval 4.4-5.5). Less than 1% of colonoscopies in academic hospitals were anesthesiologist-assisted. Compared to gastroenterologists, surgeons were more likely to perform anesthesiologist-associated colonoscopy (odds ratio 1.7; 95% confidence interval 1.1-2.6). Conclusions In Ontario, rates of anesthesiologist-assisted colonoscopy have risen dramatically. Institution type was most strongly associated with this practice. Further investigation is needed to determine the most appropriate criteria for the use of anesthesiology services during colonoscopy.
20
Lancaster, Judith. "Who benefits from the equalising of age of consent provisions?: A critical analysis of the Wood Royal Commission Paedophile Inquiry recommendation for a lower minimum age of consent." Children Australia 26, no. 1 (2001): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200010087.
Full textAbstract:
When the Wood Royal Commission into the New South Wales Police Service released its final Report on the Paedophile Inquiry in August 1997, its recommendation to remove the distinction between heterosexual and female homosexual sex and male homosexual sex by lowering the age currently set for the latter category surprised many citizens. There was concern, firstly, about the fact that the lack of satisfactory protective mechanisms in the prevailing laws would escape investigation and, secondly, that acts previously understood to be paedophilia and pederasty would be de-criminalised, thereby increasing the vulnerability of young Australians to sexual predators.The Crimes Amendment (Sexual Offences) Bill, introduced into the New South Wales Parliament in October 1997, and reintroduced in 1999, suggests a firm determination to implement the Royal Commission recommendation on consent, notwithstanding the fact that such change would be implemented in the absence of community debate and without addressing the implications of de-criminalisation. Although the Bill was rejected in the Upper House on both occasions, it is believed that further attempts will be made in the near future and, again, it will be in the absence of broad community debate. It is also widely believed that, should a change of this nature be implemented in New South Wales, it will have implications for children in other states across Australia.This paper explores the implications of equalising at a lower rather than higher minimum age of consent.
21
Nasreen, Sharifa, John Wang, Jeffrey Kwong, Natasha S. Crowcroft, Manish Sadarangani, Sarah Wilson, Allison McGeer, et al. "1211. Incidence of All-Cause Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Ontario and British Columbia, Canada, 2002-2018; a Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) study." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S695—S696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1403.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) causes substantial morbidity and mortality. There is a lack of data on the comprehensive burden of CAP across the life span in Canada. We estimated the incidence of all-cause CAP in all age groups in Ontario and British Columbia (BC), Canada. Methods We identified hospitalized and outpatient CAP episodes from the Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) and physician billing claims databases (Ontario Health Insurance Plan in Ontario and Medical Services Plan in BC) in both provinces. The National Ambulatory Care Reporting System was used to identify CAP episodes from emergency department visits in Ontario. CAP recorded with a primary or secondary diagnosis was identified using International Classification of Diseases 9 (480–486, 510, 513) and 10 (J10.0, J11.0, J12–J18, J86.9, J85.1) codes. We estimated the age and sex adjusted annual incidence of CAP overall, and by age groups (0–4, 5–17, 18–39, 40–64, 65–74, 75–84 and ≥85 years) according to routine childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) immunization periods from 2005–2018 in Ontario and from 2002–2018 in BC. Poisson regression models were fitted with population denominators from Statistics Canada to estimate the incidence rates. Results Ontario had 3,607,186 CAP episodes from 2005–2015 with a mean annual incidence of 2,801 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2,748, 2,854) per 100,000 population; incidence declined from 3,077/100,000 in 2005 to 2,604/100,000 in 2010 before increasing to 2,843/100,000 in 2018. BC had 1,146,172 CAP episodes from 2002–2008, with a mean annual incidence of 2,146 (95% CI: 2105, 2189); the incidence increased from 2,005 /100,000 in 2002 to 2,199/100,000 in 2018. A high incidence of CAP was observed in children aged 0–4 years and older adults, particularly in adults aged ≥85 years in both provinces across all PCV program periods (Figure 1). Figure 1: Age group-specific incidence of all-cause community-acquired pneumonia according to childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) program periods in Ontario (PCV7 [1 Jan 2005–30 Sep 2009]), PCV10 [1 Oct 2009–31 Oct 2010] and PCV13 [1 Nov 2010–31 Dec 2018]) and British Columbia (PCV7 [1 Sep 2003–31 May 2010] and PCV13 [1 Jun 2010–31 Dec 2018]), Canada Conclusion CAP continues to be a public health burden in Canada despite publicly funded pneumococcal vaccination programs. Ontario seems to have higher CAP burden than British Columbia that warrants further investigation. The youngest cohort of children and older adults contribute significantly to the CAP burden. Disclosures Manish Sadarangani, BM BCh, DPhil, GlaxoSmithKline (Grant/Research Support)Merck (Grant/Research Support)Pfizer (Grant/Research Support)Sanofi Pasteur (Grant/Research Support)Seqirus (Grant/Research Support)Symvivo (Grant/Research Support)VBI Vaccines (Research Grant or Support) Allison McGeer, MSc,MD,FRCPC,FSHEA, GlaxoSmithKline (Advisor or Review Panel member)Merck (Advisor or Review Panel member, Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Advisor or Review Panel member) James D. Kellner, MD, FRCPC, FIDSA, Pfizer, Merck, GSK, Moderna (Grant/Research Support) Shaun Morris, MD, MPH, DTM&H, FRCPC, FAAP, GSK (Speaker’s Bureau)Pfizer (Advisor or Review Panel member)Pfizer (Grant/Research Support) Shaza A. Fadel, PhD MPH, Merck (Other Financial or Material Support, Salary is paid by the University of Toronto via a donation by Merck to the Centre for Vaccine Preventable Diseases to support educational and operational activities.) Fawziah Marra, BSc(Pharm), PharmD, Pfizer Canada (Research Grant or Support)
22
Knee, Wayne, Tammy Hartzenberg, Mark R. Forbes, and Frédéric Beaulieu. "The natural history of mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) associated with the white-spotted sawyer beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): diversity, phenology, host attachment, and sex bias." Canadian Entomologist 144, no. 5 (July 26, 2012): 711–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2012.57.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractLittle is known about the acarofauna associated with wood-boring beetles in Canada, including long-horned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Herein, we assessed the prevalence, abundance, diversity, phenology, and attachment location of mesostigmatic mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) associated with Monochamus scutellatus (Say), and tested whether the abundance and prevalence of mites differed between male and female beetles. A total of 176 beetles were collected in two sites in eastern Ontario in 2008 and 2009 using Lindgren funnel traps baited with α-pinene and ethanol lures, and 71% of hosts had mesostigmatic mites. A total of 2486 mites were collected, representing eight species, four genera, and three families (Digamasellidae, Trematuridae, and Melicharidae). Average prevalence was variable across mite species, and the number of mites per infested beetle also varied across species. Many of the mite species collected in this study have been reported from other cerambycid species, as well as from other wood-boring beetles, such as bark beetles. There was no significant sex bias in the abundance or prevalence of mites between male and female M. scutellatus, which suggests that there is no selective advantage for mites to disperse on females. This study represents the first quantitative investigation of the mites associated with M. scutellatus in Canada.
23
Ben-Arieh, Asher, and Vered Windman. "Secondary Victimization of Children in Israel and the Child's Perspective." International Review of Victimology 14, no. 3 (September 2007): 321–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975800701400303.
Full textAbstract:
This study has three objectives: (1) to study the needs of child victims in the criminal justice system; (2) to study the attitudes, activities and provisions of investigative authorities toward child victims and their families, as perceived by the children themselves and their parents; and (3) to study the relation between the assistance received and the child victims' and the parents' willingness to cooperate with the investigative authorities. We conducted an exploratory study of children aged 14 to 18, all victims of violence and sex crimes, and their parents. All received assistance from the Israeli Child Victim Assistance Project. The study is based on self-reports of a small, nonrepresentative convenience sample. Both the children and the parents were generally satisfied with the way the complaint was received and the subsequent investigation. However, the perspective of children is not necessarily identical to that of their parents, so it is important to address the children themselves. For example, the children were considerably more satisfied than the parents during the investigation, mostly because of the respect they received, even though other important needs — for information, explanations, and support — were not met by investigative authorities. The fulfillment of these needs had an influence on victims' willingness to cooperate with the police. Thus, to reduce children's secondary victimization, authorities should institute a system that will ensure that child victims and parents are informed and receive assistance and explanation about support and services in a timely manner.
24
Hartono, M. Rudi, and Lilis Winantri. "Analisis Laporan Kepolisian No: B.210 /VIII/2018/JAMBI/SPKT.C Mengenai Alasan Dihentikannya Penyidikan Perkara Perkosaan Anak." Wajah Hukum 5, no. 2 (October 15, 2021): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v5i2.705.
Full textAbstract:
The police are part of the criminal justice system as contained in the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code and other laws, this system has the power to conduct investigations and investigations of crimes. The investigative authority is applied to the perpetrator in a criminal act or the investigative authority is enforced, and the case has been coordinated with the public prosecutor since the first wave of investigation. The same mistake. The criminal cases studied in this paper are based on the author's research data at the Directorate of General Criminal Investigation, Sub-Directorate IV of the Jambi Regional Police. This involves the Police Report Letter No: LP/B/210/VIII/2018/Jambi/SPKT “C” which contains the alleged crime of rape or intercourse with a minor. Perpetrators are threatened with articles 81 and 82 of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 of 2014 (Revised Law on Child Protection of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2002). Investigators may still encounter obstacles in investigating criminal acts of raping a suspect or having sex with a minor. Not all criminal cases of rape or sexual intercourse of minors that are handled at the investigation level can be transferred to the court by the prosecutor as a public prosecutor in the process of further investigation. In this case, investigators at Sub-Directorate IV of the Directorate of General Criminal Investigation (Ditreskrimum) of the Jambi Regional Police also have the authority to not continue the investigation process or stop the investigation (SP3) in this criminal case based on considerations that the criminal case processed is not a criminal act, lack of evidence or other legal considerations. The objectives of this study are: First of all, I want to know and analyze how investigators handle cases of child rape perpetrators (case investigation, police report number: B. 2018 / Jambi / SPKT “C”). Child rape is (Police Report Number: B.210 / VIII/2018 / Jambi / SPKT "C"). The research method used in this research is Socio Legal Research, which is studying the practice of law or legislation that applies in the social life of the community. Descriptive research specifications, namely describing and analyzing a legal event that has occurred by describing the existing events.
25
Amilia, Yolla Fitri, Haryadi Haryadi, and Dheny Wahyudi. "Penyidikan Tindak Pidana Prostitusi secara Online." PAMPAS: Journal of Criminal Law 2, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pampas.v2i1.12413.
Full textAbstract:
This article aims to find out and analyze the process of investigating criminal acts of prostitution online in the jurisdiction of the Jambi City Police and find out what are the obstacles in the process of investigating criminal acts of prostitution online in the jurisdiction of the Jambi City Police Resort. The results of the study concluded that the online prostitution crime investigation process carried out by the Jambi City Resort Police officers in overcoming online prostitution crimes, the investigators carried out the investigation process by disguising themselves and trapping the perpetrators. In this case, the operational targets of the Jambi City Resort Police are commercial sex worker service providers (pimps). Furthermore, related to obstacles in the process of investigating criminal acts of prostitution online in the jurisdiction of the Jambi City Police, in fact, investigators in the investigation process have difficulty collecting evidence, and lack of human resources such as IT experts at the Jambi City Police Resort. Abstrak Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis proses penyidikan prostitusi secara online di wilayah hukum Kepolisian Resor Kota Jambi dan mengetahui apakah hambatan dalam proses penyidikan tindak pidana prostitusi secara online di wilayah hukum Kepolisian Resor Kota Jambi. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa proses penyidikan tindak pidana prostitusi secara online yang dilakukan oleh aparat Kepolisian Resor Kota Jambi dalam menanggulangi prostitusi secara online, penyidik melakukan proses penyidikan dengan cara penyamaran dan penjebakan terhadap pelaku. Dalam hal ini yang menjadi target operasi penyidik Kepolisian Resor Kota Jambi ialah penyedia jasa pekerja seks komersil (mucikari). Selanjutnya, terkait hambatan dalam proses penyidikan tindak pidana prostitusi secara online di wilayah hukum Kepolisian Resor Kota Jambi pada kenyataannya, penyidik dalam proses penyidikan kesulitan dalam mengumpulkan alat bukti, dan kurangnya sumber daya manusia seperti ahli IT di Kepolisian Resor Kota Jambi.
26
Gribunov, Oleg, Gennady Nebratenko, Evgeny Bezruchko, and Elena Millerova. "Problems of the Criminal Law Assessment of Involvement in Prostitution and the Organization of This Activity Through the Use or the Threat of Violence." Russian Journal of Criminology 13, no. 6 (December 26, 2019): 941–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2019.13(6).941-950.
Full textAbstract:
The authors examine the specific features of criminal law assessment of involvement in prostitution and the organization of this activity through the use or the threat of violence. At the beginning, they stress the urgency of counteracting the social phenomenon of prostitution, analyze the very concept of «prostitution», its debatable and problematic aspects, because it is impossible to offer a correct qualification of criminal actions connected with prostitution (crimes under Art. 240 and 241 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) without determining the boundaries of providing sexual services specifically referring to the term «prostitution». It is concluded that the key problem for determining the scope of sexual actions described by the term «prostitution» is the lack of an official definition of this term in Russian legislation as well as a wide variety of services in the modern sex industry. The authors state that the understanding of prostitution as a historical social phenomenon as a situation when a woman provides sexual services to different men by performing sexual acts with them for previously discussed material compensation is outdated and does not reflect the multiple dimensions of modern prostitution. While researching the issues of qualifying criminal acts connected with prostitution and involving the use or the threat of violence within the framework of this article, the authors have analyzed the work of both Russian and foreign scholars and studied examples of investigation and court practice. They examine the problems of legal assessment of criminal law categories «violence» and «the threat of using violence» regarding publically dangerous actions connected with the involvement in prostitution and the organization of this activity. The authors present the criteria of differentiating between corpus delicti where such actions are criminally punishable and other corpus delicti, as well as the cases that require qualification for multiple crimes. The results of this research allowed the authors to work out and present recommendations on qualifying criminal actions connected with prostitution and involving the use of the threat of violence.
27
Baiburin, A. A., and O. Y. Loktionova. "TRACES, INDENTIFICATION AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FOOTPRINTS TAKEN AT THE CRIME OCCURANCE SITE." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 21, no. 4 (August 28, 2017): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2017-21-4-189-205.
Full textAbstract:
The paper discusses main problems related with identification and comparative analysis of shoe prints and outlines the ways to increase the efficiency of the shoe prints inventory database use. Special focus is given to the activities of forensic departments and their work with shoe prints taken from the crime site. Forensic science plays a very important role in the struggle against crime. Forensic studies make a system of knowledge about objective laws and principles of collecting, investigating, assessing and use of the evidence. Crime traces are a part of the evidence. Their appropriate use has always occupied an essential place in forensic studies. The most typical crime traces that may be present on a crime site are the prints of fingers, hands, footprints, traces of break-in implements, vehicle tracks and biological marks. Footprints occupy the first position in the list followed by fingerprints. Investigation of footprints during a visual inspection of the place where a crime occurred permits the investigator to identify the conditions at the crime moment with the way it was committed, elicit the number of criminals and make some judgments on the criminal (-s) including sex, approximate height, movement speed and directions, presence of handicaps and the shoe type. The analysis of the shoe prints structure and inter-positioning of the footprints can help to identify the criminals’ actions and the direction of their movements. Thus the footprints make a solid informative basis of evidence to clear and prove the crime. Appropriate utilization of the footprints data as well as their subsequent identification depend on the professional skills of the crime scene team and the thoroughness of their visual inspection ways, as well as on the organizational and methodological support of all activities at the preliminary investigation stage and the quality of criminal records. The growth of crime during the last five years as well as increasing number of unsolved crimes in Russia present a serious challenge for all forensic services of the Ministry of Home Affairs and demand better efficiency of traces investigation, availability of targeted technical means and expertise in the area of crime prevention and investigation.
28
Ramadhani, Erfita, and Dara Quthni Effida. "Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Prostitusi Online Anak Dibawah Umur (Studi Penelitian Kabupaten Nagan Raya)." Ius Civile: Refleksi Penegakan Hukum dan Keadilan 6, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/jic.v6i1.4793.
Full textAbstract:
In the pandemic era, technology is one way to do activities to facilitate a human activity, the legal aspects that regulate life which aims to regulate harmonization between humans are often violated by certain elements to gain profits, apart from globalization, prostitution also participates Entering the realm of online media, there are many pimps who promote prostitution on social media. Violating online postings violate not only moral norms but also legal norms. This social disease occurs in many areas in Indonesia, including Aceh, especially Nagan Raya. This study aims to determine Law Enforcement Against the Crime of Online Prostitution of Minors in Nagan Raya Regency and the obstacles faced in law enforcement against online prostitution crimes. The method in this study is the empirical judicial method by conducting interviews with both informants and respondents who have been determined previously. The results of the study indicate that law enforcement against online prostitution in Nagan Raya Regency has been running and a series of investigations and investigations have been carried out to uncover cases of online prostitution. From the results of the investigation conducted, it is known that the perpetrators of online prostitution crimes for minors use WhatsApp as a transaction medium. For pimps, Article 506 of the Criminal Code (KUHP) states that: "Anyone who takes advantage of the obscene acts of a woman and uses it as a livelihood, is threatened with a maximum imprisonment of one year. The obstacles faced by law enforcement in dealing with online prostitution in Nagan Raya Regency are divided into 2, namely internal and external. Internal obstacles include the lack of legal instruments to ensnare perpetrators (Commercial Sex Workers) and users (consumers) of online prostitution, the lack of police personnel who can immediately follow up on the finding of the cyber team, the need for up-to-date equipment and personnel capabilities to balance the growing cyber crime, the difficulty of completing evidence and witnesses for court filings and the lack of socialization programs related to online prostitution as a preventive measure such as outreach to students. External constraints encountered include the attitude of the people who are permissive and reluctant to report online prostitution that they encounte.
29
Bhuvaneshwari G, Anju P, Pavithra S, and Thenmozhi S. "Effectiveness of Light Pressure Stroking Massage with Sesame Oil in Alleviating Acute Knee Joint Pain among Elderly Adults." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 20, 2020): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.3759.
Full textAbstract:
Osteoarthritis (Acute knee joint pain) is a major health problem in the world. This investigation to assess the impact of lightweight stroking knead with effective sesame oil on torment seriousness of patients with knee joint agony. The main aim to determine the effectiveness of light pressure stroking massage with sesame oil on alleviating acute knee joint pain among elderly adults. (Age, Sex, Religion, Marital status, Educational status, Diet habit, Exercise, Body mass index). A pre-test was conducted to assess the WOMAC scale was managed to evaluate the level of pain. A back rub with sesame oil was applied 3weeks period. A post-test was led to evaluate the adequacy of the intercession. The knee pain level was surveyed by Western Ontario MAC Master Scale. The discoveries were most of the older grown-up individuals 46.7% had moderate pain, 10% had moderate pain, 31.7% had serious pain, 11.6% had extreme pain. After the back rub with sesame oil the knee pain level was diminished to 26.7% had mild pain, 40% had moderate pain, 25% had serious pain, 3% had extreme pain. The finding of the examination uncovered that knead with sesame oil for Knee joint pain was compelling in a huge decrease of the knee joint pain level at the degree of p<0.05 in the trial gathering. Thusly, because of ease, simple use and absence of unfriendly impact, it is proposed to utilize this oil on integral medication for relief from discomfort.
30
Zeh, Alexander, Valentina Gehler, Natalia Gutteck, Johannes Beckmann, Richard Brill, and David Wohlrab. "Superior clinical results and higher satisfaction after customized compared with conventional TKA." Acta Orthopaedica Belgica 87, no. 4 (December 2021): 649–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52628/87.4.10.
Full textAbstract:
Investigation of functional outcome and patient`s satisfaction after implantation of a customized versus conventional TKA. In 31 consecutively enrolled patients with primary gonarthrosis, 33 customized TKA (custTKA) and in 31 patients, a conventional TKA (convTKA) was implanted. Perioperative and postoperative management were identical. Radio- graphic evaluation, ROM, KSS (Knee society score) and WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) were performed and patients satisfaction was evaluated after 3 and 12 months. Groups were comparable for age, sex, body mass index and extension/flexion. After 92 days average flexion in the convTKA group was significantly higher (119 vs. 113 degrees; unpaired t-test). At 375 days, mean flexion in both groups was 120 degrees. There was a significant higher number of outliers of neutral mechanical axis for convTKA patients (11 vs. 3; Chi-squared test). After 92 days there was no difference for KSS (convTKA: 160, custTKA: 167) but significant better results for WOMAC (19 vs. 40) in the custTKA group (unpaired t-test, p= 0.02). In addition, significantly better KSS (181 vs. 156) and WOMAC (99 vs. 42) were found for the custTKA group at 375 days (unpaired t-test, p= 0.002 and 0.001). Patients with the custTKA implant reported significant higher fulfillment of their ex- pectations regarding function and knee strength. In the present study, the patients with a custTKA implant showed significantly superior short-term clinical results and fulfillment of their expectations regarding knee function.
31
Weiler, M., O. Schieir, M. F. Valois, S. J. Bartlett, L. Bessette, G. Boire, G. Hazlewood, et al. "SAT0127 REAL-WORLD PREDICTORS OF STARTING DIFFERENT ADVANCED DMARD TREATMENTS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A PROSPECTIVE INVESTIGATION FROM THE CANADIAN EARLY ARTHRITIS COHORT (CATCH) GROUP." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 999–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2063.
Full textAbstract:
Background:RA patients with inadequate DMARD response may be treated with a TNF inhibitor (TNFi), non-TNFi or janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi) [1].Objectives:Compare characteristics of real-world early RA (ERA) patients starting TNFi, non-TNFi, and JAKi post DMARD failure.Methods:Data were analyzed from early RA patients (symptoms < 1 year) enrolled in CATCH who started TNFi, non-TNFi or JAKi as first line advanced therapy from 2014 to 2019. Descriptive statistics, t-tests and chi-square tests summarized and compared secular trends and patient characteristics initiating each class of therapy. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were done.Results:246 participants started advanced therapy during the study period; (75%) female, mean(SD) age 50(14) years. First line prescriptions for JAKi increased and TNFi decreased (Fig. 1). Those receiving JAKi had longer disease duration, fewer tender joints, and lower DAS28, CDAI, ESR, MD global (all p <0.05) (Table 1). The strongest predictor of starting JAKi was province (Ontario where access is preferential for JAKi and biosimilar TNFi) (Table 2). Those prescribed TNFi had shorter disease duration, younger age, fewer comorbidities, and treatment location outside Ontario (Table 1,2). Those starting non-TNFi had higher DAS28; predictors included older age, higher education, and more comorbidities (Table 1,2).Table 1.Characteristics prior to starting advanced therapyVariableTotal Sample(N = 246)JAKi(N = 61)TNFi(N = 153)Non-TNFi(N = 32)p-value£Disease duration (months) mean (SD)39 (34.1)50.8 (39.3)32.5 (29.1)48 (38.6)0.0006DAS28 (ESR - CRP if ESR was missing) mean (SD)4.2 (1.4)3.6 (1.4)4.3 (1.4)4.8 (1.5)0.0012CDAI mean (SD)21.5 (14.8)16.5 (13.7)22.9 (14.8)24.8 (14.9)0.0089Tender joint count (0-28), median (IQR)§4 (7)2 (6)5 (8)6 (9)0.0224ESR median (IQR)§13 (20)12 (13)13 (20)28.0 (23.5)0.0448MD Global (0-10) mean (SD)4.2 (2.7)3.2 (2.7)4.4 (2.6)4.8 (2.8)0.0030§IQR: 75 – 25 percentile£p-value: ANOVA for continuous variable, chi-square for categoricalTable 2.Multinomial regression for initiating advanced DMARD therapyDisease stage & Clinical Disease ActivityAdvanced DMARDAdjusted for Age, sex, education, comorbidityFullyAdjustedφNon-TNF vs TNFJAK vsTNFNon-TNF vs TNFJAK vsTNFAge1.01 (0.98, 1.05)1.01 (0.99, 1.04)1.01 (0.97, 1.05)1.02 (0.99, 1.05)Women vs Men1.98 (0.71, 5.58)1.33 (0.63, 2.80)2.35 (0.76, 7.27)1.72 (0.73, 4.02)Education(< HS vs ≥ HS)2.92 (1.28, 6.63)1.49 (0.78, 2.86)2.83 (1.12, 7.15)2.08 (0.97, 4.47)RDCI baseline1.35 (1.01, 1.81)1.21 (0.95, 1.53)1.30 (0.95, 1.78)1.23 (0.94, 1.60)Private Insurance(No vs Yes)NINI1.26 (0.47, 3.40)0.99 (0.44, 2.25)RF PositiveNINI1.47 (0.56, 3.85)1.84 (0.82, 4.12)CDAININI1.01 (0.98, 1.04)0.97 (0.94, 1.00)RegionQuebec vs Ontario (ON)NINI0.59 (0.20, 1.72)0.44 (0.20, 0.94)West vs ONNINI1.32 (0.29, 5.98)0.11 (0.01, 0.99)φAdjusted for; baseline age, sex, education, RDCI; province; RF positive in first year; private insurance; CDAI at visit prior to initiationConclusion:Patient and physician related factors (location of practice) determined which advanced therapeutic was prescribed. JAKi use is increasing in ERA.Reference:[1]Smolen JS, Landewé RBM, Bijlsma JWJ, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2019 update. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases Published Online First: 22 January 2020Disclosure of Interests:Madina Weiler: None declared, Orit Schieir: None declared, Marie-France Valois: None declared, Susan J. Bartlett Consultant of: Pfizer, UCB, Lilly, Novartis, Merck, Janssen, Abbvie, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, UCB, Lilly, Novartis, Merck, Janssen, Abbvie, Louis Bessette Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, UCB Pharma, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, UCB Pharma, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Gilles Boire Grant/research support from: Merck Canada (Registry of biologices, Improvement of comorbidity surveillance)Amgen Canada (CATCH, clinical nurse)Abbvie (CATCH, clinical nurse)Pfizer (CATCH, Registry of biologics, Clinical nurse)Hoffman-LaRoche (CATCH)UCB Canada (CATCH, Clinical nurse)BMS (CATCH, Clinical nurse, Observational Study Protocol IM101664. SEROPOSITIVITY IN A LARGE CANADIAN OBSERVATIONAL COHORT)Janssen (CATCH)Celgene (Clinical nurse)Eli Lilly (Registry of biologics, Clinical nurse), Consultant of: Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Merck, BMS, Pfizer, Glen Hazlewood: None declared, Carol Hitchon Grant/research support from: UCB Canada; Pfizer Canada, Edward Keystone Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Inc, Gilead, Janssen Inc, Lilly Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi-Aventis, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca Pharma, Biotest, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Celltrion,Crescendo Bioscience, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Inc, Genentech Inc, Gilead, Janssen Inc, LillyPharmaceuticals, Merck, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, Sandoz, UCB., Speakers bureau: Amgen, AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb Canada, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Janssen Inc., Merck, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi Genzyme, UCB, Diane Tin: None declared, Carter Thorne Consultant of: Abbvie, Centocor, Janssen, Lilly, Medexus/Medac, Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Medexus/Medac, Vivian Bykerk: None declared, Janet Pope Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly & Company, Merck, Roche, Seattle Genetics, UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Actelion, Amgen, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eicos Sciences, Eli Lilly & Company, Emerald, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, UCB, Speakers bureau: UCB
32
Mahmood, Hamid, Mohammad Aslam, Wasifa Gul, Ammara Waqar, Athar Khan, Yasir Hassan, Faryal Murtaza Cheema, et al. "PERCEPTION." Professional Medical Journal 23, no. 12 (December 10, 2016): 1554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.12.1816.
Full textAbstract:
Sex discrimination in a newborn child is still present in Pakistan. It is despite relativewealth, rapid globalization, female education and socioeconomic development. Althoughmother’s education improves quality of childcare, but still it does not reduce discriminationagainst her children. The mental torture a female goes through in a life time for being femalestarts at the time of her birth and ends only with her life. These cultural bounded thinking hasovershadowed a woman’s own perception about a daughter. But some times to a family it doesnot make any difference that the child is a son or a daughter. Aims: The aim of the Researchis to discuss how mothers of a female child feel about having a daughter if they wanted tohave a son. Objectives: To explore what are the feelings of a mother upon having a daughter.To identify why they feel what they feel. To identify what are some of the reasons behindtheir thinking. To discuss how their experiences can be used in planning for interventions offuture this can help in a better understanding of our mothers and daughters requirements.Methodology: The methodology of current research is based on qualitative anthropologicalresearch method. Period: Dec 2014 to Oct 2015. Settings: The sampling is taken from differentsocioeconomic strata. It is divided into low, middle and upper socioeconomic groups. Everystratum is with a different point of view regarding the same question. Results: “In Pakistan 42percent of women accept violence as part of their fate; 33 percent feel too helpless to standup to it; 19 percent protested and 4 percent took action against it. Discussion: It is also foundthat the middle socioeconomic group is the most crushed group of all in Pakistan. This is thestrata who wanted to be modern like upper socioeconomic group but have lesser resourcesand opportunities. Females are educated equally like males in urban areas such as Lahore,Islamabad and Karachi. However, in rural areas, the education rate is substantially lower.Recommendation: For woman there must be a right to life, security and protection fromviolence which can be mental, physical, psychological and verbal. Government should ensureeffective, prompt and impartial investigations into alleged cases of crimes and other incidents,and ensure that particular attention is paid to the investigation of such crimes and incidents andthat those responsible for such acts are effectively brought to justice and, where appropriate,punished in order to avoid impunity.
33
Biancani, Francesca. "Anti-Christ in Egypt: Sexual Danger, Race, and Crime in a Narrative of Imperial Crisis." International Journal of Middle East Studies 54, no. 1 (February 2022): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743822000071.
Full textAbstract:
For a long time, women's crime has been quite a no-go area for feminist thinkers. With the lesser frequency of female crime seemingly encouraging quantitative-minded criminologists to dismiss a gendered approach as altogether irrelevant, theories of crime, in fact, have been mostly written by and tested on men. The emergence of a feminist perspective in criminology pluralized and decentered the disciplinary epistemology with important outcomes. On one side, it paved the way for the investigation of the distinctive ways in which individuals socialized as women commit crimes, deconstructing the die-hard stereotype of female criminals’ abnormality, that is, the idea that female offenders deviate from a female standard of nondelinquency. On the other, quoting Loraine Gelsthorpe, feminist criminology “has not only developed a critique of accumulated wisdom about female offenders and victims, but has illuminated institutionalized sexism within criminological theory, policy and practice.” Feminism has stimulated the production of criminological knowledge both empirically and theoretically. As far as empirical studies are concerned, historian Philippa Levine, in a seminal piece on prostitution, crime, and empire, remarked that prostitution, erroneously conceived as a quintessentially female crime, constituted an important exception to the unquestioned association of crime and masculinity, resulting in the neglect of serious gendered analysis of crime. Here the criminalization of commercial sex can be explained by the fact that prostitution is considered to defy the very norm at the core of the power gender system, that female sexuality has to be kept monogamous, reproductive, and conjugal to service the patriarchal social order. As Levine argues, prostitution “offers the prospect not only of women defined by their sexual nature but also of a more threatening vision of women actively putting that sexuality to work for their own benefit.” As a consequence, the agency of women exchanging sex for money promiscuously outside of wedlock has been conceptualized in two different apparently paradoxical ways: women prostitute themselves either because they are abnormal, so they act out of their deviancy, or because they are forced to do so, so they act under coercion. Completely lost to these split understandings, juxtaposing blame and compassion, was obviously the meaning of women's agency and rationality, especially when these were inscribed within a logic of survival and subsistence.
34
Wister, Andrew V. "Living Arrangement Choices among the Elderly." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 4, no. 3 (September 1985): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800015968.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThis research explores factors which differentiate non-institutionalized elderly persons living alone, living only with a spouse, and living with other persons (with or without a spouse present). Special attention is devoted to the measurement and investigation of several social norms and personal preferences. These factors are organized in terms of a decision-making framework developed from micro-economic and demographic theory. Choice of a living arrangement is seen as the product of underlying norms and preferences, a set of socio-demographic factors, and constraints on choice. This research relies on data from 454 personal interviews drawn from a stratified random sample of persons 65 and over living in private households in London, Ontario, Canada.Data analysis indicates that the decision of whom to live with is complex and is influenced by a large group of variables. However, the most important factors are the social norms and personal preferences of the respondents. Of these, a preference for independence and privacy surfaces as the strongest predictor of living arrangements. Being able to do what one wants without outside interference in conjunction with a private living style tends to be viewed by older persons as very important household ‘goods’. The expected separateness of the elderly, age segregation or differentiation, and kinship obligations and ties were found to be influential social norms affecting living arrangement decisions. The analysis also suggests that the constraining effects of domestic competence, physical strength and mobility, and availability of kin for co-residence are also important. In addition, several socio-demographic variables including age, sex and ethnicity arise as significant predictors of living arrangements.
35
Rusdi, Satriyo. "ANALISIS PUTUSAN HAKIM PRA PERADILAN PENGADILAN NEGERI BANGIL NOMOR : 01/PID.PRA/2014/PN.BGL TGL 16 JUNI 2014 TERKAIT SURAT PERINTAH PENGHENTIAN PENYIDIKAN TINDAK PIDANA ZINA Jo PASAL 284 KUHP." Negara dan Keadilan 9, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/hukum.v9i2.7390.
Full textAbstract:
Didalam Putusan Hakim Pra Peradilan Pengadilan Negeri Bangil nomor : 01/Pid.Pra/2014/PN.Bgl, tertanggal 16 Juni 2014, terkait Tindak Pidana Zina mengalami perluasan makna dan tidak lagi berpatokan sepenuhnya seperti sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 284 KUHP menurut penjelasan Soesilo dalam KUHP, Persetubuhan adalah : “Perpaduan antara anggota kelamin laki laki dan perempuan yang bisa dijalankan untuk mendapatkan anak, jadi anggota kelamin laki laki harus masuk kedalam anggota kelamin perempuan sehingga mengeluarkan air mani.” Seiring berjalannya waktu perkembangan hukum mengalami perubahan sejak adanya putusan Mahkamah Agung RI no. 854/Pid/1983 yang berbunyi sebagai berikut : “seorang laki-laki terbukti telah bersama sama dengan seorang perempuan dalam satu kamar, pada satu tempat tidur merupakan petunjuk bahwa laki-laki itu telah bersetubuh dengan perempuan tersebut”, akan tetapi pada akhirnya hakim Pra Peradilan Pengadilan Negeri Bangil , memutus perkara yang terkait dengan Tindak Pidana Zinah dengan tidak lagi mengacu pada satu kamar dan satu tempat tidur lagi, melainkan menjadi “seorang laki laki terbukti telah bersama sama dengan seorang perempuan tanpa ada ikatan perkawinan yang syah dan bukan suami istri, dalam satu rumah ( terdiri : 2 ruang kamar tidur, 1 ruang kamar mandi, 1 ruang makan dan 1 ruang tamu ) merupakan petunjuk bahwa laki laki tersebut “sudah dapat dianggap” telah bersetubuh dengan perempuan tersebut”,Kata kunci: pidana, zina, putusan, penyidikan In the Bangil District Court Pre-Court Judge's Decision number: 01 / Pid.Pra / 2014 / PN.Bgl, dated June 16, 2014, related to Adultery Crimes has expanded its meaning and is no longer fully regulated as referred to in Article 284 of the Criminal Code according to Soesilo's explanation in KUHP, intercourse is: "The combination of male and female genital members that can be carried out to have children, so male genital members must enter the female genitalia so that they release semen." Over time the development of law has changed since the ruling of the Indonesian Supreme Court no. 854 / Pid / 1983 which reads as follows: "a man is proven to have been together with a woman in one room, in one bed is an indication that the man had had sex with the woman", but in the end the judge Pre The Bangil District Court, decided the case related to the Criminal Act of Zinah by no longer referring to one room and another bed, but to be "a man proven to have been together with a woman without any legal marital ties and not husband and wife, in one house (consisting of 2 bedrooms, 1 bathroom, 1 dining room and 1 living room) is an indication that the man "can be considered" having had sex with the woman ",Keywords: criminal, adultery, verdict, investigation
36
Babkina, O. P., and K. V. Varukha. "Diagnosis of Regional Blood Origin in Sexual Violence during Pandemic COVID-2019." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.01.249.
Full textAbstract:
The article indicates that Ukraine has significantly approached European standards in terms of preventing domestic violence and observing women's rights, legal assistance is provided at the legislative level. However, due to the increase in cases of domestic violence, especially sexual violence in emergency situations, including in quarantine conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the issues of preventing and combating domestic violence require special attention and further solutions. The timely conduct of forensic medical examinations in order to identify the presence of injuries with the subsequent fixation of the facts of domestic violence, especially sexual violence, provides significant assistance to justice in the investigation of crimes. In cases of sexual violence against women, in addition to fixing external injuries, it is also necessary to pay attention to the study of objects of biological origin, identification by species, sex, regional, organ or cellular identity. Material and methods. The study material was dried on gauze menstrual blood, taken from practically healthy women and women who have inflammatory diseases of the external genital organs, aged 18 to 45 with a normal menstrual cycle. In forensic practice, this method is new. Results and discussion. The obtained results allowed recommending this method for the forensic medical determination of the regional origin of blood. As a result of our research, we found the dependence of PGF2α content, firstly, on the age of women, and secondly, on the regional origin of the fluid. It should be noted that the content of PGF2α in vaginal fluid, menstrual blood and capillary blood in women of reproductive age, has an age feature, its content is higher by 6-12% for women aged 30-45 years. Thus, in women 30-45 years the content of PGF2α was always, in all fluids, higher than in women 18-29 years (p <0.001): in vaginal fluid it increased by 11%; in menstrual blood it was by 6% higher; in capillary blood it increased by 3%. PGF2α was the highest in menstrual blood compared to vaginal fluid and capillary blood. Moreover, this trend was true for women of both ages: in women aged 30-45, the content of PGF2α was 2.6 times higher in menstrual blood than in capillary, and 1.4 times more than in vaginal fluid; in women aged 18-29, the content of PGF2α was 2.7 times higher in menstrual blood than in capillary, and 1.5 times higher than in vaginal fluid. Thus, we obtained statistically significant indicators that indicated the possibility of establishing the menstrual origin of the blood by the quantitative content of PG F2α. Conclusion. In our opinion, the content of PGF2α above 13.1 ng / mg of dry tissue was a reliable sign of menstrual blood, which was of great diagnostic value in the differential diagnosis of regional origin of objects of biological origin (blood) in cases of sexual violence / sexual crimes
37
Osei, J. A., J. Peña-Sánchez, S. Fowler, N. Muhajarine, G. G. Kaplan, and L. M. Lix. "A60 THE INCIDENCE OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IS DECREASING IN SASKATCHEWAN: A POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 3, Supplement_1 (February 2020): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwz047.059.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Canada has one of the highest inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) incidence rates worldwide, although within Canada rates vary. Evidence show increasing incidence rates of IBD in Ontario (i.e. adults aged 30–60), stable in Alberta and decreasing in Manitoba. Additionally, higher incident rates of IBD have been identified among urban regions compared to rural regions. There is limited data on the incidence of IBD in Saskatchewan. Aims The study objectives were to 1) estimate IBD incidence rates in Saskatchewan from 1999 to 2016, and 2) test for differences in IBD incidence rates for rural and urban regions of Saskatchewan. Methods A population-based study was conducted using linked provincial administrative health databases. Individuals age 18+ old with newly diagnosed Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) were identified using a validated case definition. Generalized linear models with a negative binomial distribution were used to estimate incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRR) adjusted for age group, sex, and rurality with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results In total, 4,908 newly diagnosed individuals with IBD were included. The average annual incidence rate of IBD decreased from 75 (95%CI 67–84) per 100,000 people in 1999 to 15 (95%CI 12–18) per 100,000 population in 2016. This decrease was evident in both UC (from 36/100,000 [95%CI 31–42] in 1999 to 6/100,000 [95%CI 4–8] in 2016) and CD (37/100,000 [95%CI 32–42] in 1999 to 8/100,000 [95%CI 6–10] in 2016). A significant decline of 6.9% (95%CI 6.2–7.6) in the average annual incidence of IBD was estimated between 1999 and 2016 (see Figure 1). Urban residents had a greater overall risk of IBD (IRR=1.19, 95%CI 1.11–1.27) than rural residents. This risk difference was statistically significant for CD (IRR=1.25, 95%CI 1.14–1.36), but not UC (IRR=1.08, 95%CI 0.97–1.19). Conclusions A decreasing trend in IBD incidence in Saskatchewan was identified after adjusting for age group, sex, and rural/urban region of residence. Around 150 new cases of IBD are still diagnosed annually in Saskatchewan, but this estimate is lower than estimates from other provinces. Urban dwellers have a 25% higher risk of CD onset compared to their rural counterparts. This finding could suggest the presence of specific risk factors in urban settings that require further investigation. Health care providers and decision-makers should plan IBD-specific health care programs taking into account these specific IBD rates in Saskatchewan. Funding Agencies College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan
38
Mao, Zheng, Gang Liu, Jing-Jie Chen, Dan Liu, Min-Peng Xu, Chang Zhao, Hai-Tao Yang, and Yong-Bin Yue. "Serum α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone may act as a protective biomarker for non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 55, no. 4 (November 8, 2017): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004563217738802.
Full textAbstract:
Background The α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an endogenous neuropeptide derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC), has been identified to suppress inflammation and prevent osteoblast damage. Objective The present study was aimed to investigate the role of serum α-MSH in non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Methods Seventy-nine patients diagnosed with non-traumatic ONFH and 79 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum α-MSH concentrations were examined with a double antibody radioimmunoassay. The radiographic progression of ONFH was assessed by X-ray plain film according to the FICAT grading system. The symptomatic severity was evaluated by visual analogue scale scores, Harris hip scores and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores. The serum concentrations of protective marker adiponectin and bone necrosis inflammation factor IL-33 concentrations were also examined. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis curve was performed to explore the diagnostic value of α-MSH, adiponectin and IL-33 for radiographic progression. Results Serum α-MSH concentrations were significantly lower in ONFH patients than in healthy controls. The case group included 29 non-traumatic ONFH patients with FICAT grade I/II, 27 with grade III and 23 with grade IV. ONFH patients with grade I/II had significantly higher α-MSH concentrations in serum compared with those with FICAT grades III and IV. ONFH patients with FICAT grade III showed significantly elevated concentrations of α-MSH in serum compared with those with FICAT grade IV. Serum α-MSH concentrations were negatively associated with radiographic progression by FICAT grading system, and symptomatic severity defined by visual analogue scale scores, Harris hip scores and WOMAC scores. In addition, serum α-MSH concentrations were positively related to the expression of adiponectin and negatively associated with IL-33. ROC analysis curve demonstrated that α-MSH exhibited the equal value for the diagnosis of ONFH radiographic progression compared with IL-33. Conclusions Serum α-MSH may act as a protective biomarker for non-traumatic ONFH. Systematic application of α-MSH serving as an adjunctive therapy for treating non-traumatic ONFH deserves further investigation.
39
Павлюк, О. С. "TACTICAL FEATURES OF THE SUSPECTION OF THE SUSPECT, WHO COMMITTED THE MURDER OF AN ELDERLY PERSON FOR THE PURPOSE OF OWNING IMMOVABLE PROPERTY." Juridical science, no. 1(103) (February 19, 2020): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32844/2222-5374-2020-103-1.38.
Full textAbstract:
The issue of interrogation of persons suspected of committing serious crimes, including murder, has been considered and is being considered by many scholars. Each scientific study, directly or indirectly, analyzes the tactics of interrogation, depending on the type of crime, the conditions of its conduct, the time limits of the latter, the amount of forensic information, the purpose of the interrogation (obtaining evidence, exposing lies, in order to prevent further offenses, etc.), the sex or age of the person, social status, mental status, nationality and social affiliation, etc. The purpose of the article is to determine the directions and tactical features of the interrogation of a suspect who committed the murder of an elderly person for the purpose of taking possession of real estate, depending on the investigative stage and the identity of the suspect. The article examines the tactical features of the interrogation of a suspect who committed the murder of an elderly person for the purpose of taking possession of real estate, which is an integral part of a qualified and impartial investigation. Thus, the interrogation of a suspect in this category of criminal proceedings is usually characterized by the conflicting nature of this procedural action, so the process of establishing psychological contact is difficult. It is also difficult to choose balanced and objective tactics for investigators. The investigator’s efforts should be aimed at the confession of the interrogated at least one episode. It is desirable that this be either the first episode of the «series» or one of the last episodes, because the memory of the killer most clearly and vividly reflects the beginning and end of a criminal career. Practice shows that as soon as a suspect confesses to one murder, then after a short period of time, there is a process of confession in all other murders. The choice of tactics for interrogating the suspect largely depends on the information available to the investigator about the psychological portrait of the killer. Thus, the organized non-social type of serial killer during interrogations is focused, considering the line of defense. Can feel open respect for a competent and intelligent investigator, often «play» with him. Disorganized antisocial type of serial killer does not find understanding in society, so seeks to feel understanding and compassion.
40
Desai, Aditi, Cindy Lau, Rinku Sutradhar, Douglas Lee, Paul C. Nathan, and Sumit Gupta. "Morbidity, mortality and healthcare use among siblings of children with cancer: A population-based study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 7040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.7040.
Full textAbstract:
7040 Background: Siblings of children with cancer are at increased risk of adverse mental health outcomes; impact of the childhood cancer experience on these siblings’ physical health is unclear. We characterized the long-term risk of adverse physical health outcomes and healthcare use among siblings of children with cancer. Methods: Pediatric cancer patients in Ontario diagnosed between 1988 and 2016 were linked to their biological siblings to form the siblings/case cohort. Cases were matched to population controls based on sex, age, and residence area. Index date for cases was the date of their brother’s or sister’s cancer diagnosis (controls had the same index date as cases). After individual linkage to health services data, we compared several outcomes between these two groups: 1) physical health conditions (e.g. cancer, hypertension, injuries, death); 2) acute healthcare use (hospitalization, emergency department [ED] visits), and; 3) preventative healthcare use (periodic health checkups, influenza vaccinations). Predictors of outcomes, including demographics and characteristics of the cancer-affected child, were examined in cases. Cox proportional hazards, recurrent event, or logistic regression models were used as appropriate. Results: We identified 8,529 cases and 30,364 matched controls [median age at index: 6 years, interquartile range (IQR) 0-10; median follow-up time: 9 years, IQR 5-15]. Compared to controls, cases had increased risk of hypertension [hazard ratio (HR) 1.8; 95% confidence interval (95CI) 1.1-2.9; p = 0.01]. They also had higher rates of ED visits [rate ratio 1.1; 95CI 1.1-1.2; p < 0.001] and increased risk of hospitalization [HR 1.1; 95CI 1.1-1.2; p < 0.001]. Cases were more likely to undergo periodic health checkups [odds ratio (OR) 1.1; 95CI 1.0-1.1; p = 0.01] and influenza vaccinations [OR 1.5; 95CI 1.4-1.6; p < 0.001]. In multivariable analysis restricted to cases, rurality and bereavement, among other predictors, were associated with increased use of acute healthcare. Conclusions: Increased risk of hypertension and hospitalization in cases suggests that these siblings are experiencing poorer physical health compared to their peers. Increased rates of ED visits and preventive healthcare suggests parental anxiety surrounding these siblings’ health. Siblings at highest risk of adverse outcomes could be identified through demographic characteristics, among others. Siblings would benefit from targeted surveillance and further investigation to elucidate underlying mechanisms influencing their health.
41
Crête, Raymonde. "L'enquête publique et les critères de contrôle judiciaire des fonctions exercées par les enquêteurs." Les Cahiers de droit 19, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 643–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042260ar.
Full textAbstract:
The public inquiry has long been used to gather information of concern to the State in order that the best decisions may be made according to the information thereby obtained. The Quebec legislator has, therefore, foreseen the need for different laws or particular provisions that would enable the government to make use of this procedure. Among these we find the laws governing commissions of inquiry, police, municipal commissions, coroners and arson investigations. The public often follows closely the proceedings of such inquiries, which, consequently, become a means of informing, educating, and establishing a dialogue with, the public. However, certain public inquiries, such as the Quebec Commission of Inquiry on Organized Crime, the commission of inquiry on freedom of unionization and the Keable Commission, run the risk of affecting the rights of citizens, namely those summoned to appear during such hearings as well as those whose names appear in the testimony given. Hence, some individuals may see their reputations tarnished because of facts brought to light during the inquiry, lose their jobs as a result of commission recommendations or many later have to face either civil or criminal prosecution. It is, therefore, important that such persons be given access to the courts, in order to either challenge the jurisdiction of the commission or demand that the inquiry respect the rules of natural justice. In this area, judicial review depends on the characterization of the method of operation of the public inquiry as a whole, i.e. as the exercise by the commissioners of a recommendatory power, or of interlocutory decisions taken during the course of the inquiry. Depending on the judicial or administrative nature of the activity concerned, the courts will decide whether or not to exercise their superintending and reforming powers. Thus, the courts will intervene only if the function exercised is of a judicial nature. In this regard, the courts deem that an administrative body exercises a judicial function, on the one hand when it determines the rights of individuals and, on the other, when such a body has a duty to act judicially. Apart from some rare exceptions, the courts have ruled that the exercise of the power of inquiry generally does not trench on the rights of citizens and that such a power is therefore administrative in nature. At present, the issue as to whether the inquiry determines the rights of individuals is considered by the courts in the light of either one of two theories, which can be labelled the binary and global theories. Supporters of the binary theory feel that the inquiry and the decisions which may proceed therefrom represent two quite distinct stages and the interference with the rights of individuals can only occur when a decision is made. We find an illustration of this reasoning in, among others cases, Guay v. Lafleur and St-John v. Fraser. Proponents of the second theory are agreed that the decision is an integral part of the inquiry process and that interference with rights occurs at the inquiry level itself. This argument is exemplified adequately by the judgement in Saulnier v. Quebec Police Commission. This paper also examines the characterization of interlocutory decisions made by a commission in the course of its proceedings. In this respect, the courts feel that coercive powers are of a judicial nature, while decisions concerning the administration of evidence are seen as administrative. A study of the abundant jurisprudence in this area leads us to conclude that the Quebec legislator should provide for a specific recourse, similar to that existing presently in Ontario, which would allow citizens access to the courts to challenge decisions made by commissions of inquiry.
42
Evans, RJ, and C. Peter N. Watson. "The Hot Foot Syndrome: Evans’ Sign and the Old Way." Pain Research and Management 17, no. 1 (2012): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/658730.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Pelvic cancers such as cancer of the cervix can spread locally to involve adjacent structures such as the lumbosacral plexus and the sympathetic chain. When this happens the prognosis is usually poor. An early suspicion of recurrence may result in investigation leading to earlier and better treatment. A physical sign that may be an early and only sign of recurrence is described.OBJECTIVE: To report the late Dr Ramon Evans’ unpublished case series of the hot foot syndrome due to (mostly malignant) retroperitoneal disease. This unique contribution is an opportunity to pay tribute to a man who was a meticulous recorder of the patient narrative and practitioner of a detailed and comprehensive physical examination.METHODS: A longitudinal, observational, retrospective, descriptive study is reported. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 86 patients, 75 of whom had retroperitoneal cancer and 11 of whom were diagnosed with other conditions in that area. Patients referred to the Smythe Pain Clinic were seen at both the Princess Margaret Hospital and Toronto General Hospital in Toronto, Ontario, in the 1970s. They were referred with intractable pain in the leg or back and often a history of a treated abdominal or pelvic cancer in the previous months or years. Baseline demographic data were collected including age, sex, diagnosis, pain location, characteristics and severity, physical findings, investigations and mortality.RESULTS: The 86 subjects comprised 27 men and 59 women. Carcinoma of the cervix was the most common tumour. Most had a presenting complaint of leg pain. Neurological physical signs were demonstrated in the lower extremities in 44%; however, 56% (48 patients) had only an ipsilateral, warm, dry ‘hot foot’ due to sympathetic deafferentation. The prognosis for the underlying illness was poor for the malignant group.DISCUSSION: Sympathetic interruption by cancer is well known in apical lung cancer as the tumour spreads upwards to involve the inferior brachial plexus. An analogous situation occurs as cancers, such as that of the cervix, spread laterally to invade the lumbosacral plexus and sympathetic chain. Signs of sympathetic deafferentation (the ‘hot foot’) may be the earliest and only sign in this situation. This sign may be missed unless it is anticipated and a thorough physical examination carried out.CONCLUSION: Evans’ sign is important because it may be an early and solitary sign of retroperitoneal recurrence of pelvic (cervix, rectum, bladder, ovary and prostate) cancers. Recognition of this finding when intractable pain in the back and leg occurs with a history of this type of cancer could lead to earlier and more successful treatment.
43
Srikumaran, Umasuthan, Colleen Roden, EDWIN ROGUSKY, Peter Lapner, Joseph Abboud, and Nikhil Verma. "Subacromial Balloon Spacer versus Partial Repair for Massive Rotator Cuff Tears: A Prospective, Randomized, Multi-center Trial." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 7_suppl4 (July 1, 2021): 2325967121S0024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00244.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: Despite various treatment options, the successful management of irreparable, massive rotator cuff tears (MRCTs) remains challenging. Implantation of a biodegradable subacromial balloon spacer (InSpaceTM system; OrthoSpace, Caesarea, Isreal) has gained considerable interest for the treatment of MCRTs due to its ability to effectively recenter the humeral head within the glenoid. Despite promising results, investigations examining outcomes following balloon spacer implantation are limited to small case series and short-term prospective trials without comparison to other surgical modalities. The purpose of the present investigation was to prospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of the arthroscopically deployed, subacromial spacer balloon compared to partial rotator cuff repair in patients with MRCTs at 24 month follow up. Methods: A non-inferiority, prospective, single-blinded, multicenter, randomized, controlled, pivotal study was conducted to compare the outcomes of arthroscopic subacromial balloon spacer implantation to partial repair in the treatment of MRCTs. Patients ≥ 40 years of age with symptomatic full thickness MRCTs (tears ≥ 5 cm or ≥ 2 tendons) that had failed non-operative management were included. Clinical outcome data, derived from subjective questionnaires and physical examination, were collected at baseline and follow-up intervals at Day 10, Week 6, Month 3, 6, 12 and 24. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained at 6 weeks and 12 months. The primary composite effectiveness endpoint was defined as achievement of the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) score (275 points) and American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) score (6.4 points) by week 6 and maintenance at month 12 without subsequent secondary surgical intervention (SSSI) or serious adverse device effects (SADEs). Secondary effectiveness endpoints included changes in individual and composite clinical outcome scores relative to baseline in addition to MRI findings. Intention-to-treat (ITT), per-protocol (PP), and safety analyses were performed separately. Results: A total of 20 sites were enrolled in the investigation. One hundred, eighty-four patients were randomized into the clinical study (n= 93 balloon spacer; n= 91 partial repair) and included in the safety population, of which 183 patients were included in the ITT analysis (n=93 balloon spacer; n= 90 partial repair) and 176 in the PP analysis (n= 88 balloon spacer; n= 88 partial repair). No significant difference in demographic characteristics based on mean age, sex, race or body mass index were appreciated between groups. Mean procedure duration was 44.6 ± 16.9 minutes for the balloon spacer group and 71.2 ± 30.1 minutes for the partial repair group. Significant improvement over time relative to baseline was observed in all WORC (Fig. 1) and ASES (Fig. 2) scores in both groups. The magnitude of improvement for subjects in the balloon spacer group was the same or better than for subjects in the partial repair group at 12 and 24 month follow up. At 12 months, 51% (n=45 of 88) of patients in the balloon spacer group and 35 patients 40% (n= 35 of 88) in the partial repair group had reached and maintained the primary composite endpoint, meeting the noninferiority criteria (non-inferiority margin 10%; p = 0.0049) and corresponding to an 11.4% mean advantage for the spacer implant group. Non-inferiority was similarly confirmed in the ITT population (p=0.0089). SSSI occurred in 6 subjects (n=3 balloon spacer; n=3 partial repair), with two subjects in each group requiring reverse shoulder arthroplasty and one subject in each group undergoing shoulder arthroscopy. Conclusions: Use of the balloon spacer was found to produce non-inferior outcomes when compared to partial rotator cuff repair for patients with MRCTs at 24 month follow up. Outcomes following balloon spacer device placement met non-inferiority criteria when compared to the partial repair group based on primary composite endpoints.
44
Chin-Yee, Benjamin, Pratibha Bhai, Ian Cheong, Maxim Matyashin, Cyrus C. Hsia, Eri Kawata, Jenny Ho, et al. "A Prediction Rule to Guide JAK2 Testing in Patients with Suspected Polycythemia Vera." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 4635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-149241.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background: The widespread availability of molecular testing for JAK2 mutations has facilitated the diagnosis of polycythemia vera (PV) but also raises the concern of test overutilization in patients referred for elevated hemoglobin. At our institution, we have observed increased molecular testing in these patients with declining rates of JAK2 mutation positivity, suggesting that a prediction rule could be useful to guide such testing. In this study, we report the derivation and validation of a simple rule using complete blood count (CBC) parameters to predict the likelihood of having a JAK2 mutation in patients referred for elevated hemoglobin. Methods: We examined all patients with elevated hemoglobin (≥160 g/L for women, or ≥165 g/L for men), who underwent JAK2 mutation testing using the Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)-based Oncomine Myeloid Research Assay (ThermoFisher Scientific, MA, USA), between 2018 and 2021 at the London Health Sciences Centre in Ontario, Canada. We extracted data including age and sex as well as CBC parameters at the time of testing, including hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, leukocytes, neutrophils, platelets and mean corpuscular volume. All CBCs were performed on a Sysmex XN Analyzer (Sysmex Corporation, Japan). In the derivation cohort, JAK2-positive and -negative groups were compared using Student's t-tests or c 2 tests, as appropriate. We dichotomized potentially significant continuous variables at an optimal cut-off point using receiving operating characteristic curves. Potentially significant predictors were evaluated using multiple variable stepwise logistic regression analysis with JAK2 positivity as the dependent variable. The model was evaluated using Hosmer-Lemeshow tests and pseudo-R2 measures. A dichotomous score was derived based on the presence or absence of significant variables and subsequently evaluated and internally validated using logistic regression and c 2 tests using non-parametric bootstrapping with 1000 samples. The model was subsequently validated in the second cohort. Results: The derivation cohort included 308 patients tested between January 9, 2018 and December 19, 2019, and the validation cohort included 223 patients tested between January 7, 2020 and May 12, 2021. The characteristics of both cohorts are shown in Table 1. The final model included platelets above the upper quintile (308 × 10 9/L) and erythrocytes above the upper quartile (6.17 × 10 12/L) and a score of one was assigned to patients with either of these characteristics. The odds ratio for JAK2 positivity in patients with a score of 1 was 14.6 (95% CI 5.5-38.8) compared to those with a score of 0. The model had a sensitivity of 87.8% and a negative predictive value of 97.4% in the derivation cohort, and of 100% for both in the validation cohort. The percentage of JAK2 positive patients in patients with a score of 1 was 28%. The percent of false negatives was 2.6% (95% CI 1.1-6.0) and 0 (95% CI 0-2.8) in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. The use of this rule to guide molecular testing would have resulted in approximately 60% fewer tests. Conclusion: We developed and validated a simple rule to predict the likelihood of JAK2 mutation positivity in patients with a hemoglobin of 160 or higher, based on CBC parameters with a high negative predictive value (Figure 1). If implemented, this prediction rule could result in a significant reduction in molecular testing avoiding 60% or approximately 100 tests per year at our institution. This approach would be particularly beneficial for broader health system management of hematological malignancies, facilitating the reallocation of resources to emerging higher-yield molecular diagnostic investigation (Kawata et al., BJH 2021). Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
45
Seshadri, Tara, Melania Pintilie, Richard Tsang, John Kuruvilla, Sahar Zadeh, Armand Keating, and Michael Crump. "Second Cancers after Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT) for Relapsed/Refractory Aggressive Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL)." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 1673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.1673.1673.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract ASCT results in long-term disease free survival for approximately 40–50% of patients (pts) with relapsed−/− refractory aggressive NHL who respond to second-line chemotherapy. The incidence of second cancers (SC) in long-term survivors and risk factors in this pt population has not been well studied. We performed a retrospective analysis of 372 pts undergoing ASCT at our institution from May 1987 to Dec 2006 for relapsed−/− refractory aggressive NHL after primary therapy. Second-line chemotherapy was given to best response, followed by high dose therapy for pts with chemotherapy-sensitive disease. Intensive therapy was melphalan 180mg/m2 + etoposide 60mg/kg in 86%; regimens including total body irradiation (TBI) 12 Gy were received in 16%. Stem cell source: autologous bone marrow (27%), peripheral blood (63%) or both (10%); 7% received post-ASCT involved field RT to sites of bulky disease. Estimates of SC risk were determined adjusting for competing risks. The incidence of SC was compared to the general population in Ontario from 1987 to 2002. Of 372 pts, 59% had diffuse large B cell lymphoma, 24% transformed from prior indolent NHL, 16% T cell lymphoma, 1% undefined aggressive NHL. Median age at ASCT was 50 years (range 19–70); female 44%. The majority of patients (74%) received 2 chemotherapy regimens prior to ASCT (range 1–8); all pts with de novo DLCL received CHOP or equivalent regimen as primary therapy. For first salvage therapy cytarabine/platinum combinations were used in 205 (55%) pts, miniBEAM (melphalan, etoposide, cytarabine, BCNU) in 40 (11%), gemcitabine/dexamethasone/cisplatinum in 37 (10%); CHOP or equivalent was used in 42 pts (11%). Median follow up is 4.3 years and 27/185 (15%) have been followed more than 10 years. 184 pts (49%) have experienced disease relapse and 32 (9%) have developed a SC (17 MDS/AML, 13 solid tumors, 1 chronic lymphocytic leukemia and 1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia). During the follow up period 187 (50%) patients have died (126 from relapsed lymphoma, 30 from treatment-related toxicity, 14 from second cancer, 5 unrelated medical condition, 7 unknown). The probability of SC is 5% (95% CI: 3%-8%) 3 years post-ASCT and 14% at 10 years (95%CI: 10%-20%). Age at ASCT, sex, receipt of TBI, number of chemotherapy regimens, prior RT, graft source and lymphoma subtype were not associated with development of a second malignancy. Use of miniBEAM as part of salvage therapy was significantly associated with the development of a second cancer (p=0.001). The incidence of malignancy in survivors of ASCT is 32 per 1180 person years of follow-up. When compared to the general population (AML and solid tumors only) the relative risk (RR) for developing AML or a solid tumor is 13.5 (p<0.0001, 95% CI 5.4–27.8) and 2.4 (p=0.0013, 95% CI 1.3–4.0) respectively. The risk of developing a SC in pts treated with ASCT for relapsed aggressive NHL is substantially higher compared to the general population. Second cancers appear to develop both in the early and late post ASCT period and contribute to late mortality. Our observation of an unexpected increased risk of SC in ASCT patients receiving prior miniBEAM salvage suggests that the contribution of other salvage regimens to late adverse effects after ASCT warrants further investigation.
46
Landego, Ivan, Shirley Li, Chao Xue, Vincent Poon, Robert C. Clayden, Kevin Ren, Yuka Asai, and Annette E. Hay. "Risk Factors for the Development of Skin Cancers in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-138961.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Individuals with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are often immunosuppressed and at increased risk of infection and secondary malignancies. The primary aim of this study was to determine the incidence of skin cancer amongst the CLL population at Kingston Health Sciences Centre (KHSC), Ontario, Canada. Secondly, we sought to identify the risk factors associated with the development of skin cancer in CLL patients. Methods: Consecutive patients seen at KHSC with a diagnosis of CLL between 2014 January 1 and 2019 December 31 formed the primary study cohort. KHSC serves a region of ~ 550,000 including a high proportion of older individuals and those living in rural areas. Approval was provided by Queen's University Research Ethics Board. Four independent reviewers conducted retrospective electronic chart review, initially in duplicate with review of any areas of discrepancy to ensure a standardized approach. Data collected included age, sex, CLL date of diagnosis, stage, genetics and treatment; histological diagnoses of other cancers (skin and other), smoking status (ever/never) and date of last follow up or death. The primary outcome was the development of the first skin cancer (squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, or sarcoma) confirmed via pathology reports that are available in our local institution. All statistical analysis was performed using SAS Enterprise v. 7.15. Categorical variables were compared using chi-square or Fisher exact tests, medians using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests, and continuous variables using t-tests. Risk factors for development of skin cancer were assessed using multivarable Cox-proportional hazard models. Results: Of the total cohort of 377 individuals with CLL, 251 (67%) were male. Median age at diagnosis of CLL was 65 years (range 36 - 93 years of age). Median follow-up from the time of CLL diagnosis was 6.5 years (range 0.27 - 30.98). Of these, 80 individuals (21.2%) developed at least one skin cancer after their diagnosis of CLL, with an age-adjusted incidence of 16.96/1000 patient years (95% CI 12.5 - 23). Among the 297 who did not develop skin cancer post-CLL diagnosis, 13 individuals who had documented skin cancer pre-CLL diagnosis only, are included in the non-skin cancer group (Figure 1). Females had a lower incidence of skin cancer compared with males (63 males versus 17 females, p=0.009). There was no difference between the groups based on Rai stage at diagnosis, smoking history, or IGHV /p53 status. Individuals treated with ibrutinib had a lower incidence of skin cancer (3 versus 49, p=0.002). Development of skin cancer was associated with development of other invasive tumours including CLL transformation (p=0.001) (Table 1). Conclusion: Limitations of this study include its small size, and single institution setting. Our data likely reflect a conservative estimate as skin cancers may be diagnosed outside of the institution, and not all CLL is treated at tertiary care centres. Consistent with other studies we found that males with CLL are at increased risk of developing skin cancer, as compared to females. Individuals with CLL and skin cancer were more likely to develop another malignancy or Richter's transformation. The finding of lower incidence of skin cancer with ibrutinib treatment is novel; further investigation in larger populations is needed to determine if it may offer a protective effect. Disclosures Asai: Sanofi Canada: Honoraria, Research Funding; AllerGen NCE: Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria; Leo Pharma: Honoraria; Eli Lilly: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Abbvie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Canadian Institutes of Health Research: Research Funding. Hay:Roche: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding.
47
"Математические критерии судебно-медицинской оценки повреждений, возникающих при сексуальном насилии." Dalʹnevostočnyj medicinskij žurnal, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35177/1994-5191-2019-3-44-47.
Full textAbstract:
Frequently in sexual crimes, certain injuries are formed on the body of the victims. The features of forensic assessment of genital injuries have been studied relatively well. Investigations of injuries located outside the genitalia are reduced only to the determination of their duration and the mechanism of formation. Attempts to identify statistical patterns in their location and other characteristics to speculate about the circumstances of their causation, were not made. This study analyzed the forensic medical expertise of the socalled «sex crimes» against female children. The total amount included 516 observations. In 245 cases, according to the investigation, physical sexual abuse took place, and in 271 cases there was no such orientation. The statistical signifi cance of the diff erences was determined using the Chi-square test. Diagnostic coeffi cients and informatively important indicators were calculated.
48
Ricciardelli, Rosemary, Dale C. Spencer, and Alexa Dodge. "“Society Wants to See a True Victim”: Police Interpretations of Victims of Sexual Violence." Feminist Criminology, November 9, 2020, 155708512097027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085120970270.
Full textAbstract:
Despite attempts to rectify the injustices experienced by victims of sexual violence within the criminal justice system, unfounded rates for sexual violence remain high and many victims continue to feel disempowered and voiceless. In this context, police officers wrestle with how to support victims, while protecting those who may be falsely accused and grappling with deeply imbedded cultural beliefs about who constitutes a “true” victim. In the current article, we draw on interviews with officers working in Internet Child Exploitation, sex crimes, and child abuse units across 10 Canadian police service organizations to understand how police interpret and respond to child, youth, and adult victims of sex crimes. We unpack the range of interpretations of victims, explore if and how interpretations of victims translate into police perceptions of their interactions with victims, and their interpretations of the possible outcomes that can be offered in the investigation. We highlight the difficulties officers encounter as they strive to balance their occupational role with victims’ needs. We argue that police interpretations of sexual violence and sexual violence victims are shaped by the officer’s adherence to or rejection of understandings of the “ideal victim”.
49
"ESTABLISHMENT OF THE AUTHOR’S SEX ON SIGNS OF WRITTEN SPEECH FOR THE PURPOSE OF DETECTION AND INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES." Courier of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2018.47.7.206-211.
Full text
50
Curtis-Ham, Sophie, Wim Bernasco, Oleg N. Medvedev, and Devon L. L. Polaschek. "Relationships Between Offenders’ Crime Locations and Different Prior Activity Locations as Recorded in Police Data." Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, August 2, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11896-022-09540-8.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractUnderstanding the relationships between individual offenders’ crime locations and their prior activity locations is important to enable individual level predictions to support crime prevention and investigation strategies. This study examined a wider range of crimes and activity locations than included in previous studies, to determine whether offenders are more likely to commit crime near some types of activity locations than others. Using discrete spatial choice models, we identified relationships between proximity to pre-crime activity locations recorded in a police database (e.g., offenders’ homes, family members’ homes, schools, prior crimes, and other police interactions) and the locations of 17,054 residential burglaries, 10,353 non-residential burglaries, 1,977 commercial robberies, 4,315 personal robberies, and 4,421 extra-familial sex offences in New Zealand. Offenders were generally more likely to commit crime closer to their activity locations than farther away, and closer to those visited more frequently (e.g., home versus family homes) or more likely to impart relevant knowledge about crime opportunities (e.g., prior crimes versus prior victim or witness locations). The observed patterns for different activity locations and crime types broadly support a recently proposed extension to crime pattern theory and illustrate the benefits of differentiating activity location and crime types when examining criminal spatial behaviour. The results have implications for offender risk assessment and management, and geographic profiling in police investigations.