Journal articles: 'Sewerage'

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Harada, H., N. T. Dong, and S. Matsui. "A measure for provisional-and-urgent sanitary improvement in developing countries: septic-tank performance improvement." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 6 (October 1, 2008): 1305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.715.

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Although many cities have planed to develop sewerages in developing countries, sewerage establishment still requires huge investment and engineering efforts. Improvement of existing sanitation facilities may contribute the betterment of urban sanitation before sewerage establishment. The purpose of this study is to propose a measure to improve urban sanitation in areas where a sewerage development plan is proposed but has not been yet established, based on a case study in Hanoi, Vietnam. We found that 90.5% of human excreta flowed into septic tanks. However, 89.6% of septic tanks have never been desludged in the past and their performance was observed to be at a low level. The study also showed that if they introduce regular desludging with a frequency of once a year, they can eliminate 72.8% of COD loads from septic tanks. It was indicated that the performance can be dramatically recovered by regular desludging, which could contribute urban sanitation improvement in Hanoi. In conclusion, the performance recovery of septic tanks by regular desludging was proposed as a provisional-and-urgent measure for urban sanitation improvement, together with the septage treatment in sewage sludge treatment facilities, which should be established earlier than other facilities of sewage treatment systems.

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Mara, D. D. "Sanitation for all in periurban areas? Only if we use simplified sewerage." Water Supply 5, no. 6 (December 1, 2005): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0050.

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Simplified sewerage is considered the only periurban sanitation technology that has a chance of ensuring that the WHO/UNICEF target of Sanitation for All by the end of 2025 is achieved. On-site sanitation technologies, such as ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines, pour-flush toilets and ecological sanitation toilets, are either technically infeasible in high-density areas or more expensive than simplified sewerage. Simplified sewerage is often institutionally and professionally acceptable to sewerage authorities simply because it is a sewerage system, albeit different from conventional sewerage in that it uses small-diameter sewers laid at shallow gradients (e.g., 100-mm sewers at 1 in ∼200). The success of simplified sewerage in Latin America, principally Brazil, has to be replicated on a truly huge scale in Africa and Asia where most of those without adequate sanitation live. In areas where even simplified sewerage is unaffordable, the only option is to install communal sanitation blocks of the type implemented in India by Sulabh International.

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O, Khalidullin. "Sewerage and Climate." Acta Scientific Microbiology 2, no. 9 (October 29, 2019): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asmi.2019.02.0416.

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Ichikawa, Arata. "Japan's sewerage system." International Journal of Water Resources Development 4, no. 1 (March 1988): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900628808722368.

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Kalyuzhniy, Anatoly, Lyudmyla Zubrycheva, and Vasyl Savyk. "Technical and Economic Synergetic Effect in Conditions of Innovative Transformation of Water Supply and Sewerage Economy." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.2 (June 20, 2018): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.2.14599.

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There has been conducted a study of interdependence between technical and economic researches of diameters calculation of water pressure supply and sewerage networks. There has been offered the method to calculate the optimal diameter of water pressure supply and sewerage networks made of polymeric pipes. This qualitative and quantity methodology includes, firstly, the observation review of Ukrainian water supply and sewerage networks and, secondly, the survey of financial and economic documents of water supply and sewerage economy. The factual basis of the study is the initial data of statistical monitoring of work conditions of water pressure supply and sewerage networks. The paper proposes using the net present value (NPV) to calculate the optimal diameter of water pressure pipes made of polymeric materials, which, finally, decreases capital and exploiting expenditures and considers the maximum income for water supply and sewerage economy (WSE).

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Arsanata, Kholifah Maulidya, and Eram Tunggul Pawenang. "The Analysis of the Household Wastewater Sewerage Ownership Factor in the Working Area of Pamotan Health Center, Rembang Regency, Central Java." Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 21, no. 1 (February 12, 2024): 264–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v21i1.264-275.

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Households with access to wastewater sewerage in Pamotan in 2022 only be 69.9%. This study aims to find out the factors related to household wastewater sewerage ownership in the Pamotan Community Health Center Working Area. This research was an observational analytic using a cross-sectional design. The research population was all families in Pamotan subdistrict villages with the lowest ownership of wastewater sewerage, with a sample size of 90 families. The independent variables are land availability, length of year residence, knowledge, education, and income for the dependent variable, that are ownership of the Waste Water Sewerage. The data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate statistics, employing the Chi-Square test. The results of the study showed that land availability (p=0.04), education level (p=0.018), knowledge level (p=0.003), and income (p=0.00) are related to household wastewater disposal ownership while the length of year residence (p=0.257) is not related to ownership of household wastewater sewerage in the Pamotan Subdistrict. Based on the research results, the length of year residence is not related to household wastewater sewerage ownership because people's old habits that are not good at managing household wastewater result in wastewater sewerage ownership behavior not fulfilling standards.

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Ashipala, N., and N. P. Armitage. "Impediments to the adoption of alternative sewerage in South African urban informal settlements." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 9 (November 1, 2011): 1781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.746.

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In recent decades South Africa has witnessed a substantial growth in its urban population. This growth has been accompanied by the mushrooming of informal settlements (shantytowns) flanking more formal development. The lack of adequate urban drainage in many of these informal settlements has resulted in extremely polluted environments which add to the disease burden of the poor people who live there. In many instances, informal settlements in South Africa are established on marginal land that is inherently difficult to service using conventional gravity sewerage. International experience has shown that various alternative wastewater collection systems may present more appropriate ways of providing water-borne sewerage in areas that are difficult to service by conventional means. Alternative sewerage schemes have however had a poor record of success in South African informal settlements – primarily stemming from the implementing agencies' failure to adequately address various social and institutional factors. In this paper, a review of South African experiences with simplified sewerage, settled sewerage and vacuum sewerage in urban informal settlements is used to highlight the key constraints that currently impede the application of these technologies.

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Mara, Duncan. "‘Top-down’ planning for scalable sustainable sanitation in high-density low-income urban areas: is it more appropriate than ‘bottom-up’ planning?" Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, no. 2 (January 16, 2018): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.101.

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Abstract We argue that, if the sanitation target of the Sustainable Development Goals (universal access to ‘safely-managed’ sanitation by 2030) is to have any chance of success, then a community-sensitive top-down planning approach has to be adopted for sanitation provision in high-density low-income urban areas in developing countries, as ‘bottom-up’ planning is much more time-consuming and not yet successfully proven at scale. In high-density low-income urban areas, there is only a limited choice for safely-managed sanitation: (i) simplified/condominial sewerage (which becomes cheaper than on-site sanitation systems at the relatively low population densities of 160–200 people per ha), (ii) low-cost combined sewerage (if it is cheaper than separate simplified sewerage and stormwater drainage), (iii) community-managed sanitation blocks, and (iv) container-based sanitation (the last two of which are suitable, especially in slums, when neither simplified sewerage nor low-cost combined sewerage is affordable or technically feasible). These four sustainable sanitation options are as scalable in developing countries as conventional sewerage has been in industrialized countries.

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Xun, Ping, Shuai Huang, and Ning Bo Liu. "Application Explores in Energy-Saving Materials of Water Supply and Sewerage Works." Advanced Materials Research 1061-1062 (December 2014): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1061-1062.230.

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Combined with author's rich construction experience in water supply and sewerage works, analyzes and explores the background of energy-saving materials in water supply and sewerage works, dissects the situation of China's current energy-saving materials applied to the water supply and sewerage works, and forecasts the direction of the future development of new energy-saving materials.

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Harada, H., S. Matsui, N. T. Dong, Y. Shimizu, and S. Fujii. "Incremental sanitation improvement strategy: comparison of options for Hanoi, Vietnam." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 10 (November 1, 2010): 2225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.508.

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Urban sanitation issues should be tackled strategically, and may be addressed effectively when sewerage development is pursued in conjunction with complementary sanitation measures. Five sanitation improvement scenarios employing sewerage, night-soil collection-and-treatment (NSCT) system, and/or septic-tank improvement by annual desludging were analyzed from the perspective of COD loads, total nitrogen loads, and cost under the conditions found in Hanoi, Vietnam. Compared to the development of sewerage alone, the scenario of developing NSCT systems in a complementary manner with sewerage development was estimated to be the most effective for a rapid decrease of both COD and total nitrogen loads. However, it may be difficult in some cases to replace ordinary water-flush toilets by the micro-flush toilets that are used in NSCT systems. In this case, the scenario employing septic-tank improvement in conjunction with sewerage development may be effective for a rapid decrease of COD in locations where septic tanks are widely used under poor maintenance conditions and nitrogen pollution is not serious compared to COD. It was calculated that the two scenarios above would respectively require cost increases of 16 and 22% over the sewerage development scenario.

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Rony, Jahid Hasan, Nazmul Karim, MD Abdur Rouf, Md Monirul Islam, Jia Uddin, and Momotaz Begum. "A Cost-Effective IoT Model for a Smart Sewerage Management System Using Sensors." J 4, no. 3 (July 15, 2021): 356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/j4030027.

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The sewerage system is a primary element of a city and is responsible for the congestion of both rain and gray water from homes and industries. It is essential to have a monitoring system and a plan to perform prior expansion in the sewerage management system, to avoid massive disruption. However, there is no monitoring system in several overpopulated cities in the world, and the expansion process faces myriad difficulties and takes much time. This paper presents a model for an intelligent sewerage management system that provides real-time monitoring without any major changes to the previous system, using water sensors, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) module, and a micro-controller. The condition of the sewerage acts as an input through the sensors; then, the microcontroller stores the value in the cloud and performs waste collection depending on the current situation. Meanwhile, after processing, the information reaches the monitoring system. Various trial installations of the proposed system have shown that it enables real-time monitoring to observe live conditions and helps to prevent sewerage blockage caused by solid waste. Considering a deficient cost model, this system can intensify the performance of poorly managed sewerage systems.

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Dolata, Małgorzata, and Jarosław Lira. "Rozwój infrastruktury wodno-ściekowej na obszarach wiejskich woj. wielkopolskiego." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 2011, no. 6 (June 28, 2011): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.59139/ws.2011.06.5.

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The article presents changes in the water and sewerage infrastructure in rural powiats of the Wielkopolskie voivodship in the years 1999–2008. Survey results confirm intuitively formulated conclusions that the most quickly developing elements of the water and sewerage infrastructure was sewerage system in powiats of the low and very low infrastructural level. A rural population number using waste water treatment plant services increased more quickly in powiats typical for extreme classes of infrastructural equipment. Water system was the most slowly developing element of the water and sewerage infrastructure. This results from its relatively high development level in the first year of the survey.

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Tasnim, Tasnim, and Ade Saputra. "EFFECT OF HEALTH PROMOTION USING BOOKLET MEDIA ON THE LEVEL OF PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SEWERAGE WASTE WATER IN COASTAL AREAS SAMAJAYA VILLAGE." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJHSRD) 4, no. 1 (June 25, 2022): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36566/ijhsrd/vol4.iss1/122.

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Background: The availability of sewerage was still a problem for people living in the coastal area of Samajaya Village. Where, the sewerage that met the requirements is only 58.33% in Samajaya village. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health promotion using booklet media on the level of public knowledge about sewerage in the coastal area of Samajaya village. Methods: This study used the pre-experimental method with One Group Pre-test and Post-test Design. The population in this study were 131 heads of families in the village of Samajaya. Where, the sample size were 99 heads of families taken by simple random sampling. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test. Results: The results of this study showed that there were 9 respondents with less knowledge 9.1%, and 90.9% sufficient during pre-test and post-test there were 13.1% with less knowledge and 86.9% with sufficient knowledge. The average value of respondents' knowledge was 7.44% ± SD.1.327. After being given a health promotion with a booklet about sewerage drainage, his knowledge increased on average 8.81% ± SD.1.639. The results of this study indicated that there were significant effect of health promotion with booklets on knowledge about sewerage in Samajaya village (p<0.0001). Conclusion: health promotion with booklets is very effective in increasing community knowledge in Samanjaya village. Increasing public knowledge about sewerage is hoped that it will influence attitudes and actions to improve the sewerage according to health standards.

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Bortenschlager, Peter. "The Vienna Sewerage System." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0034.

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After the practice for many decades had been to introduce waste waters into the nearest receiving bodies, i.e. Wien River, Donaukanal, and Danube, a multitude of intercepting sewers and a central treatment plant were built from 1969 to 1980. Subsumed under the working title “WABAS 80 -- Wiener Abwasserbeseitigungssysteme 1980”, these facilities guaranteed that all effluent produced in Vienna was brought to the central treatment plant for purification. Since 1986 a programme has been in effect to expand the existing sewage system and improve obsolete sewers, the aim being to preserve groundwater quality. Providing also for the construction of relief interceptors along the Donaukanal and the Wien River as well as the enlargement of the central treatment plant, the programme was designed not only to preserve but also to improve water quality in the Donaukanal and the Danube itself. The City has set apart AS 12 000 million for this project, which is to be completed by 2000.

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Vines, Marcus, and Bob Reed. "Low-cost unconventional sewerage." Waterlines 9, no. 1 (July 1990): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.1990.028.

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O HARE, K. J. "THE STAVELEY SEWERAGE STRATEGY." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 133, no. 1 (March 1999): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/imuen.1999.31465.

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MIZUTANI, Juntaro, and Toshihiko TAMAMA. "REALIZATION OF SUSTAINABLE SEWERAGE." ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH 26 (1998): 655–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/proer1988.26.655.

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WATANABE, Chonosuke. "Pressure type sewerage system." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 16, no. 6 (1987): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.16.419.

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Siahaan, Sondang, Rina Fauziah, Suparmi Suparmi, and Supriatna Supriatna. "Determinant of Sewerage Availability." Environment and Ecology Research 11, no. 2 (April 2023): 406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/eer.2023.110214.

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Harder, D. S., A. J. U. Sajise, and E. M. Galing. "Willingness to pay for sanitation services in Dagupan City, Philippines." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.064.

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Using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), the study looks at the septage management and sewerage services demand of households with latrines in Dagupan City, Philippines vis-à-vis the cost of providing these services. The survey covers a total of 1,200 respondents for the septage and sewerage demand study. For the septage and sewerage studies, income was shown to significantly influence willingness to pay (WTP). WTP was also found to increase across income groups, indicating the plausibility of implementing a socialized pricing scheme for the septage and sewerage fees. Another important implication of the results is that increased demand for sanitation facilities would only take place as general income levels of Dagupan City improve. Under certain assumptions, the individually rational and financially viable Septage Fee is around PhP 46/month with optimal desludging frequency of 3 yrs. This means that a self-financed Septage Program is possible for the city. However, the case is different for the Sewerage Program since none of the proposed fees (including the average WTP of PhP 102/month for the whole sample) is sufficient to cover the huge investment costs associated with a self-financed sewerage infrastructure. Thus, the Local Government Unit (LGU) has to source funds elsewhere.

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Yang, M. D., and T. C. Su. "Automation model of sewerage rehabilitation planning." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2006): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.805.

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The major steps of sewerage rehabilitation include inspection of sewerage, assessment of structural conditions, computation of structural condition grades, and determination of rehabilitation methods and materials. Conventionally, sewerage rehabilitation planning relies on experts with professional background that is tedious and time-consuming. This paper proposes an automation model of planning optimal sewerage rehabilitation strategies for the sewer system by integrating image process, clustering technology, optimization, and visualization display. Firstly, image processing techniques, such as wavelet transformation and co-occurrence features extraction, were employed to extract various characteristics of structural failures from CCTV inspection images. Secondly, a classification neural network was established to automatically interpret the structural conditions by comparing the extracted features with the typical failures in a databank. Then, to achieve optimal rehabilitation efficiency, a genetic algorithm was used to determine appropriate rehabilitation methods and substitution materials for the pipe sections with a risk of mal-function and even collapse. Finally, the result from the automation model can be visualized in a geographic information system in which essential information of the sewer system and sewerage rehabilitation plans are graphically displayed. For demonstration, the automation model of optimal sewerage rehabilitation planning was applied to a sewer system in east Taichung, Chinese Taiwan.

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Kaur, Amandeep, Yasmeen Atwal Sonik, and Bhavay Sonik. "Institutional Experience of Routine Radiation Surveillance of Delay and Decay Tanks Facility in a Department Having High-dose Iodine Therapy Unit." Indian Journal of Nuclear Medicine 39, no. 2 (March 2024): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_58_23.

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Abstract Background: Radioactive solid and liquid waste generated by patients after high-dose iodine therapy may lead to significant radiation exposure if not properly handled. Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to monitor the radiation exposure along the sewerage drainage system of the high-dose iodine therapy ward and to rule out leakage if any, that might pose a potential radiation hazard to the general public (sewerage workers) and radiation health professional. Materials and Methods: The sewerage drainage system from isolation wards has multiple gate valves to regulate sewerage flow from the high-dose iodine therapy ward into delay and decay tanks (DDT) built, especially for the purpose. Radiation surveillance was done using a Geiger-Muller counter-based survey meter at 11 different locations on a weekly basis for 12 weeks. Results: A total of 26 patients underwent high-dose iodine ablation therapy during the study period in our department, with the highest recorded radiation exposure rate in the sewerage draining system in the 9th week of patient admission. This was at the common gate valve junction (location B) that directed sewerage waste from all four isolation rooms into the common pipeline leading to DDT. Minimal radiation exposure was recorded within Atomic Energy Regulatory Board -prescribed limits with no evidence of leakage. Conclusion: A routine radiation survey is an important component of overall radiation safety in the nuclear medicine department, including sewerage delay tank facilities, which helps keep the radiation exposure to acceptable levels by identifying timely leakage.

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Koizumi, A., and T. Inakazu. "A Multipurpose Optimization Model for Area-Wide Sewerage Systems." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 21, no. 8 (August 1989): 1015–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a211015.

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In this paper the goal programming model is given that deals with the optimal scale and location of an area-wide sewerage system, consisting of trunk sewers, treatment plants, and pumping stations. The uncertainty of future wastewater volume is considered, and the regional objectives are evaluated. Hence, the model is composed of several constraints and of three objective functions (goals). The major constraints are the capacity of the treatment plants and the estimated range of wastewater amount in each municipality. The goals are to minimize total cost and environmental impact, while maximizing user satisfaction with the sewerage system. The case study shows that this model can help to decide the location and scale of facilities for sewerage system, giving results that are a good balance of the three goals. Furthermore, the analysis, by varying the settings of the goals or the values of sewerage propagation ratio, shows that the model can simulate changes in the wastewater capacity and its transport routes. Thus our model makes it easier for decisionmakers to plan area-wide sewerage systems.

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Kaczor, Grzegorz B., Krzysztof Chmielowski, and Piotr Bugajski. "Influence of extraneous waters on the quality and loads of pollutants in wastewater discharged into the treatment plant." Journal of Water and Land Development 33, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2017-0021.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to analyze an influence of an inflow penetrating into two selected small sewerage systems during a rainy weather on pollutant concentration and load in raw sewage. Studies were conducted in 2010–2015 on two small sewerage systems in Małopolska province. The studies confirmed that the inflow penetrating into the sewerage systems resulted in a decrease of pollutant concentrations in sewage. However, they also showed that this dilution was not constant for all types of pollutants. The most important outcome of the study was demonstrating that despite its diluting effect on pollutants, the intense inflow into a sewerage system resulted in an increase of a sewage pollutant load. This increase was not regular, but it was rising dramatically when the inflow share in sewage exceeded 50%. The study indicated that the inflow penetrating into the sewerage system should not be disregarded, as it actually presented a significant threat to the wastewater treatment process and in consequence to the quality of recipient waters.

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Sommer, T., C. Karpf, N. Ettrich, D. Haase, T. Weichel, J. V. Peetz, B. Steckel, K. Eulitz, and K. Ullrich. "Coupled modelling of subsurface water flux for an integrated flood risk management." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 4 (July 29, 2009): 1277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-1277-2009.

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Abstract. Flood events cause significant damage not only on the surface but also underground. Infiltration of surface water into soil, flooding through the urban sewer system and, in consequence, rising groundwater are the main causes of subsurface damage. The modelling of flooding events is an important part of flood risk assessment. The processes of subsurface discharge of infiltrated water necessitate coupled modelling tools of both, surface and subsurface water fluxes. Therefore, codes for surface flooding, for discharge in the sewerage system and for groundwater flow were coupled with each other. A coupling software was used to amalgamate the individual programs in terms of mapping between the different model geometries, time synchronization and data exchange. The coupling of the models was realized on two scales in the Saxon capital of Dresden (Germany). As a result of the coupled modelling it could be shown that surface flooding dominates processes of any flood event. Compared to flood simulations without coupled modelling no substantial changes of the surface inundation area could be determined. Regarding sewerage, the comparison between the influx of groundwater into sewerage and the loading due to infiltration by flood water showed infiltration of surface flood water to be the main reason for sewerage overloading. Concurrent rainfalls can intensify the problem. The infiltration of the sewerage system by rising groundwater contributes only marginally to the loading of the sewerage and the distribution of water by sewerage has only local impacts on groundwater rise. However, the localization of risk areas due to rising groundwater requires the consideration of all components of the subsurface water fluxes. The coupled modelling has shown that high groundwater levels are the result of a multi-causal process that occurs before and during the flood event.

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Topor, Dan Ioan, Constantin Anghelache, Constantin Aurelian Ionescu, Sorinel Căpușneanu, Melinda Timea Fülöp, Ionela Cornelia Cioca, Ileana-Sorina Rakoș, Mihaela Denisa Coman, Teodora Odett Breaz, and Kinga-Erzsébet Bakó (Fülöp). "Econometric Model for the Financial Performance of Romanian Companies Operating in the Water Supply and Sewerage Field." Water 14, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 1929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121929.

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This research aims to measure the financial performance of companies in the water and sewerage sector by creating a sustainable econometric model for making long-term strategic decisions for managers and stakeholders. The research methodology consisted of the use and statistical processing of the data included in the summary financial statements of 40 regional operators in the field from 2014 to 2020. Multiple linear regression has been created with which stakeholders and water and sewerage specialists can shape changes in value-added variation, the average cost per employee, labor productivity, and energy expenditure on the net profit of water operators and sewerage. The results indicated that the independent variables used, such as value-added, labor productivity, or intangible assets have a direct influence on increasing the net profit of water and sewerage companies. Other independent variables such as the average cost per employee or the expenditure on electricity and water negatively influence the increase in the net profit of companies in the water and sewerage sector. The conclusions indicated that the average net profit is influenced by independent variables and the model created, and it can be successfully applied to other international companies in the field.

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Obloukova, Aneta, and Eva Vitkova. "Pricing of water and sewerage charge rates of a selected water management company in the Czech Republic – a case study." E3S Web of Conferences 550 (2024): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202455001023.

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The article deals with water and sewerage charge rates issues in the Czech Republic over the last 4 years. This article is focused only on part of the research. Research is based on data collection. The data were obtained from the internet portal eAGRI.cz. The aim of the article is to describe the development of water and sewerage charge rates in the Czech Republic during the last 4 years (2018-2021) and to analyse the pricing of a selected company in the Czech Republic. First, analyse the average water and sewerage charge rates system in the Czech Republic in the monitored period, then define the average water and sewerage charge rates system for the individual regions in which the selected water management company operates. The goal of the research is the analysis of the individual components of the calculation formula of the selected water supply and sewerage operator in the Czech Republic, namely the joint-stock company Brněnské vodarny a kanalizace, a.s. The vertical analysis methodology is chosen for data evaluation. The analysed operator has the largest representation in other direct costs and material in the calculation formula.

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Otterpohl, Ralf, Martin Freund, Juan Pablo Sanz, and Andreas Durchschlag. "JOINT CONSIDERATION OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM AND W ASTEW ATER TREATMENT PLANT." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0016.

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The total efficiency of combined sewerage systems and wastewater treatment plants (WTP) sbould be considered. By an overall planning procedure the benefits of the whole system can be optimized. For the estimation of the system behaviour with different rain events, computer simulations of the sewerage system including storage tanks and the treatment plant have to be carried out. The two systems are not coupled mathematically allowing separate simulation. Hydrographs of different scenarios computed for the sewerage system can be used for simulations of the WTP. For comparing the effects of different throttle flows on the treatment plant an example bas been simulated. In this example the BOD5 and phosphorus loads could be reduced with a higher throttle flow. The large difference in total discharges from combined sewerage without storage tanks and with well-dimensioned tanks could also be demonstrated.

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Zsótér, Brigitta. "Egy dél-békési település, Mezőhegyes víz- és csatornaellátottságának vizsgálata 1990 és 2006 között." Jelenkori Társadalmi és Gazdasági Folyamatok 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/jtgf.2009.1.72-75.

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The aim of the research was to find answer to the following question: did a small town (Mezőhegyes) in the southern part of County Békés manage to keep up with the other towns of the county in terms of sewerage in the period between 1990 and 2006? Regarding the length of the sewerage per one km of the public water network Mezőhegyes has never belonged to the towns with the best sewerage. It was the 12th on the list of twelve towns in 1990, the 7th on the list of seventeen in 2001, and in 2006 it was the 11th in the rank of eighteen towns. Considering the data of the sewerage it can be ascertained that Mező-hegyes could not reach even the average level of the towns in Békés from this point of view.

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Chiba, Yasuto, Takao Jo, and Norio Ito. "Earthquake resistance of sewerage pipe line facilities." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 3-4 (August 1, 1996): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0423.

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As may be gathered from the fact that Japan is known as an earthquake archipelago, the country has experienced earthquakes in numerous areas in the past and has suffered from great damage as a result of these. Although the need for earthquake resistance measures in pipe line facilities has increased as a result of this earthquake damage, there is still a shortage of information regarding sewerage pipe materials that are earthquake resistant. In order to rectify this situation, Japan Institute of Wastewater Engineering Technology (JIWET) has brought together sewerage pipe materials that are considered to be both earthquake resistant and suited to open-cut method (which is the main element required in discussing the seismic resistance of sewerage pipe line systems) in a publication known as “Technical Data on Earthquake Resistant Sewerage Pipe Line Materials - Special Edition” (hereinafter referred to as the Technical Data).

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Palanca-Tan, Rosalina. "Health and water quality benefits of alternative sewerage systems in Metro Manila, Philippines." Environment and Urbanization 29, no. 2 (July 17, 2017): 567–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247817718402.

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This paper presents results of a household survey on the current sanitation and sewerage conditions in Metro Manila. The survey included a choice, measured in terms of the marginal willingness to pay (MWTP), between two alternative domestic wastewater treatment systems: 1) a sewerage system connecting individual households to a treatment plant through sewer lines; and 2) a combined drainage–sewerage system in which wastewater effluent flows with rainwater through flood canals and is intercepted for treatment only at a certain point in the waterway. With the second, the health improvement effect may be limited, but the cost can be significantly lower. The finding in favour of the combined drainage–sewerage system lends some support to this new approach in municipal wastewater treatment, which some other increasingly congested metropolises in Asian countries are likewise adopting, as an alternative to the more costly individual household sewer connections.

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Repel, Adam, Martina Zeleňáková, Gabriel Markovič, and Lenka Findoráková. "Sewage system design for the Čierna Lehota - Slavošovce – Rochovce agglomeration." E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500108.

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The development of public sewerage systems in Slovakia is significantly behind in the state of supply of drinking water. The number of inhabitants connected to the public sewerage system in Slovakia is considerably lagging behind in the state of the population supplied with drinking water, by about 28.4% less in the number of connected inhabitants. Designing sewerage in urbanized areas improves the quality of the environment and the quality of life of townspeople and municipalities. The aim of the paper is the processing of basic information about the current status of the affected area, designing alternative solutions for the sewerage subject area, a comparison of alternatives for proposed activity and the rationale for the selection of the optimal solution. An area of interest for the design of sewerage is the Čierna Lehota – Slavošovce – Rochovce agglomeration, which is located in the Košice Region in eastern Slovakia. The problem of this agglomeration is the method for the disposal of wastewaters, which are disposed of in non-ecological septic tanks or discharged directly into a local stream. In the paper are three proposals in the form of three different variants of sewage system according to relevant standards and documentation. At the end of this paper, an evaluation of the individual variants is presented.

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A. U. Alka, U. A. Abubakar, and S. B. Igboro. "Improved Design of Sanitary System at the Nigerian College of Aviation Technology (NCAT), Zaria." African Journal of Environmental Sciences and Renewable Energy 15, no. 1 (June 12, 2024): 88–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.62154/b8pxgv34.

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Sanitation is a basic human requirement with the primary aim of separating human waste from settlements to prevent the spread of diseases. This study presents a preliminary design of a centralized sewerage collection, transportation, treatment, and final disposal system for the Nigerian College of Aviation Technology (NCAT) Zaria, Kaduna State (Site 1). The results of physico-chemical analysis of samples showed concentrations of Nitrates (2,550mg/l) and total suspended solids T.S.S. (1,778mg/l) were above the acceptable standard limits. The concentrations of Zinc (5.31mg/l) and Lead (2.78mg/l) were also above the acceptable limits. A sewerage system which comprised of 18 manholes, 22 junction chambers and 39 sewers covering a distance of 2,816m was designed for the college. The results of the design showed that 3 facultative and 3 maturation ponds were required. The capital cost for implementing the proposed sewerage system and WSPs for the college was determined to be ₦14,649,855.75 with an annual cost of operation and maintenance of ₦3,030,000.00. A comparison of the proposed sewerage and WSPs system with the existing septic tank and soak-away system revealed that the proposed sewerage and WSPs system had a higher cost-benefit ratio (0.94), longer lifespan (30 years), lower cost of annual desludging (₦30,000.00), and lower risks of groundwater contamination.

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Holad, Yuliya V., and Sniazhana A. Dubianok. "IMPROVEMENT OF METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ACCOUNTING OF HOUSEHOLD WASTEWATER SUPPLIED TO TREATMENT FACILITIES IN SETTLEMENTS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Ecology., no. 4 (December 25, 2021): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/2521-683x/2021-4-89-102.

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Domestic wastewater is one of the main factors influencing the formation of wastewater flowing through centralized drainage systems (sewerage) to wastewater treatment plants in settlements of the Republic of Belarus. The centralized sewage systems (sewerage) of settlements receive domestic wastewater from consumers (population) and subscribers (legal entities, individual entrepreneurs), as well as their own domestic wastewater from enterprises of water supply and sewerage services and housing and communal services. At the same time, centralized sewerage systems (sewerage systems) are designed not only for the transportation of household, but also for industrial wastewater, which can also have a significant impact on the quantitative and qualitative composition of wastewater entering the treatment facilities of the settlement.Improvement of methodological approaches to the accounting of domestic wastewater includes an increase in the level of accounting for both quantitative and qualitative characteristics of domestic wastewater. Currently, there is no reliable accounting of household wastewater entering the treatment facilities of settlements: their volume from the population is determined by the non-routine (calculation) method - 100 % of the volume of water consumption, from subscribers - as a rule, it is also carried out by the non-instrumental method, which is often incomparable with the volumes of water used by subscribers and consumers for household and drinking needs. The quality control of domestic wastewater is not carried out due to the lack of requirements for standardization of domestic wastewater. It should be noted that the balance holders of centralized wastewater disposal (sewerage) systems cannot affect the quantitative and qualitative composition of domestic wastewater, and therefore it becomes necessary to develop a methodology for calculating the permissible concentrations of pollutants in wastewater, which, in addition to industrial wastewater , will take into account the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of household wastewater discharged to centralized wastewater disposal (sewerage) systems by subscribers and consumers, and then to wastewater treatment plants in settlements of the Republic of Belarus.

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Câmara, A. S., D. Pereira, A. Fonseca, and S. Sequeira. "Maintenance Strategies for Sewerage Systems." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1987): 603–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0240.

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The problem of decaying sewerage systems is a timely topic in many urban areas, due to its importance to societal needs and to the large amounts of capital expeditures needed to bring the concerned systems to an adequate level of serviceability. Thus, there is a need for better maintenance decision-making related to periodic inspection and cleaning, repair, rehabilitation or replacement of the equipment. In this paper, an approach offering integrated solutions to upgrade such systems, taking into account existing and foreseen structural and hydraulic conditions, is presented. The methodology relies upon a heuristic algorithm scheduling maintenance events. An application to the Almada sewerage network illustrates the method. Future improvements including the use of statistical maintenance theoretic concepts and artificial intelligence approaches are also discussed.

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HODGKINSON, D. H., and C. J. FULLER. "FIRST-TIME SEWERAGE IN SEVENOAKS." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 115, no. 4 (December 1996): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/imuen.1996.29134.

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Nishiguchi, Yasuo. "Perspective of the Sewerage Project." Japan journal of water pollution research 11, no. 4 (1988): 214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jswe1978.11.214.

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Senfa, Chen. "Optimization of Gravity Sewerage Systems." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 18, no. 9 (August 1985): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)60315-x.

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Iryanto, Andika Agus, Yura Witsqa Firmansyah, Wahyu Widyantoro, and Annisa Zolanda. "Spatial Patterns of Environmental Sanitation Factors as Determinants of Toddlers’ Diarrhea in Pauh District, Padang City in 2021." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 14, no. 2 (April 28, 2022): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v14i2.2022.71-81.

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Introduction: The Padang City Health Office reported 9,452 diarrhea cases in 2019, 2,248 in toddlers. The Pauh District reported 413 diarrhea cases, 110 of which occurred in toddlers. Spatial analysis was used to assess environmental sanitation as determinant of toddlers’ diarrhea incidence in Pauh District, Padang City. Methods: This observational study used a cross-sectional approach. The population was 4,653 toddlers, and the sample was 100 toddlers. The independent variables in this study include environmental sanitation factors such as the quality of clean water (presence of Escherichia coli), the condition and quality of the waste container, the quality and condition of sewerage, and the density of flies in the trash and household sewerage. The spatial analysis used was Moran Index I to examine the distribution pattern of variables. Results and Discussion: The incidence of diarrhea in toddlers, unstandardized household waste containers, unqualified waste sewerage, high fly density in household trash bins, and high fly density in sewerage was randomly distributed with a Moran index consecutively -0.130524; 0.315524; 0.153129; -0.174424; -0.025798. Then, clean water quality, waste management, and sewerage conditions that did not meet the requirements were randomly distributed with a Moran index of -0.158512; -0.160688; -0.117502. Conclusion: The spatial pattern of environmental sanitation factors as determinants of the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers was randomly distributed, and there was no autocorrelation found among the villages in Pauh District.

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Mester, Tamás, György Szabó, and Dániel Balla. "Assessment of Shallow Groundwater Purification Processes after the Construction of a Municipal Sewerage Network." Water 13, no. 14 (July 15, 2021): 1946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13141946.

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In the present study, the impact of the construction of the sewerage network (2014) on groundwater quality was studied on the example of a middle-sized settlement in the Great Hungarian Plain and changes in water quality were assessed using GIS and multivariate statistical analysis. As a result of the pollution that has been going on for decades, the groundwater supply of the municipality has become heavily polluted. In the period before sewerage (2011–2013), clear spatial differences were shown in the degree of contamination in the area of the settlement: the degree of contamination increased in the direction of local groundwater flow. Based on our results, the construction of the sewerage network resulted in marked changes in the quality of groundwater wells. Our studies showed a clear decrease in the concentrations of inorganic pollutants (NH4+, NO2−, NO3−, PO43−). In the fifth year of the post-sewerage period (2019), the clear spatial difference between wells was eliminated. We have observed a strong descent (1.5 to 2 m) in groundwater levels in the post-sewerage period, the reason for that is clearly due to that wastewater outflow was eliminated. On this basis, it can be declared that the purification processes in the area have started, but at the same time, our results show that pollutants entering environment undergo a number of transformations and remain in the system for a long time.

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Shindaile, Charles. "OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABLE FOR COMMERCIAL WATER UTILITIES IN ZAMBIA A CASE STUDY OF SOUTHERN WATER AND SEWERAGE COMPANY LIMITED." EPH - International Journal of Business & Management Science 5, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 34–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijbms.v5i3.87.

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Water commercialization/privatization has been a controversy in Africa and world-over in urban and peri-urban areas from the time of its inception to date. Though the objectives have been good in terms of efficiencies, it has some good non-efficiencies reasons for intervention by governments and other partners such as social and political ones. Many commercialization/privatization of water utilities have been formed out of pressure either by donors or from pressure resulting from market economy. Each commercialized/privatized water utility has/had its own experience. This case study of the opportunities available for commercial water utilities in Zambia focused on investigating opportunities available for exploitation for Southern Water and Sewerage Company Limited and describing factors that influenced performance. The research involved a review of secondary data and discussions with key informants. The study used a descriptive approach in its investigation from 10 districts found within the service area of Southern Water and Sewerage Company Limited of Zambia. Even though commercialization/privatization has continued in other parts of the world today, the controversy or resistance had continued. Variables that were look at are from the social, economic, environmental and political dimensions. Social variables looked at accessibility and affordability; economic variables are; investment, financing, revenue collection, unaccounted-for-water, metering ratio, labour productivity, service coverage, number of connections, operations and maintenance cost coverage, hours of supply, water production and sanitation coverage; environmental variables are sewerage coverage, water quality, policy and regulations, and political variables are the government, stakeholders, civil societies etc. The result of the study revealed that social, efficiencies, environment and political variables are significant in explaining the influence of the opportunities available for commercial water utilities in Zambia with respect to Southern Water and Sewerage Company Limited. All the variables under the social, economic, environment and political are important and depend on each other if a viable water supply and sewerage company has to grow. Ignoring one of them results in social and economic problems. Despite the huge challenges identified in the water supply and sewerage, surprisingly the challenges were turned into opportunities available for business exploitation. The positive relationship among the social, economic, environment and political factors is that they all contribute to company growth. The Southern Water and Sewerage Company has to make water accessible and affordable to society in urban and peri-urban areas of Southern Province because water is a human right and has to provide water in an efficient way in order to make profit. The environment has to be conducive for the water utility to operate. It also depended on partners to fund most of its infrastructure development. Therefore, growth of water supply and sewerage services would depend on the available opportunities identified from the four social, economic, environment and political factors of the water governance. Therefore, strengthening policy that would include the social, economic, environment and political factors will quickly transform the water supply and sewerage services delivery in the ever increasing demand areas of urban and peri-urban of Southern Water and Sewerage Company Limited.

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Hellström, Daniel, and Erik Kärrman. "Exergy analysis and nutrient flows of various sewerage systems." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 9 (May 1, 1997): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0337.

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There is an increasing demand for more sustainable sewerage systems. An important tool in the analysis of the sustainability of a sewerage system is exergy analysis. It is possible, by using an exergy analysis, to estimate the consumption of physical resources. In the present study, the demand on resources in the sewerage system of Bergsjon, a district of Göteborg, Sweden, was evaluated through exergy analysis. The case study included the existing system and two sewerage system alternatives. One important aspect of a sustainable sanitary system is nutrients recycling from sewage to agriculture. The exergy analysis has therefore been complemented with an analysis of the mass-flows of phosphorus and nitrogen. The study shows that the hypothetical calculated exergy consumption during operation will be lower in a system with local treatment and urine separation toilets compared with a conventional alternative. The amount of phosphorus that could be recycled is the same for the studied alternatives, but the amount of nitrogen that could be recycled is considerably higher for systems with urine separation techniques.

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Lavygina, Olga L., Oksana A. Grebneva, and Aleksander V. Alekseev. "Environmental risk prevention during the reconstruction of the sewerage system in the Lake Baikal central ecological zone." Journal «Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsiyi. Stroyitelstvo. Nedvizhimost» 12, no. 1 (2022): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2917-2022-1-62-69.

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Abstract. Reduction of environmental risks involved with the operation of public utilities in the Baikal natural territory presents a relevant research task. The safety operation of sewerage systems can be ensured by minimising the risk of emergencies related to the volley of sewage. In this study, we assess the rate of possible environmental damage from emergencies in sewerage systems as a result of their high wear and insufficient capacity. We provide a calculation of the prevented environmental damage during the reconstruction of the sewerage system in the territory of Irkutsk. In the conducted numerical investigations, technical indices of the operating sewers are accepted taking into account their capacity and natural-climatic factors of the Baikal natural territory. According to the results obtained, the total indicator of the prevented environmental and economic damage during the reconstruction of the sewerage system comprises 273.24337 thousand roubles (in prices for 2022). The reconstruction of sewers in the territory of Irkutsk will lead to a decrease in the volume of sewage discharges into the water bodies of the Baikal natural territory.

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Chipiga, L. A., A. V. Vodovatov, I. A. Zvonova, A. A. Stanzhevsky, A. V. Petryakova, E. E. Anokina, K. S. Velichkina, and S. A. Ryzhov. "Management of biological waste of patients after radionuclide therapy." Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene 15, no. 2 (June 25, 2022): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21514/1998-426x-2022-15-2-19-30.

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Radioactive waste management is a modern-day issue in terms of radiation safety due to the development of radionuclide therapy, the emergence of new radiopharmaceuticals, radionuclides, and treatment methods, which allow for radionuclide therapy in a day hospital. According to the current domestic regulatory and methodological support biological wastes generated during the patient’s metabolic activity after injection of the radiopharmaceuticals for the therapy refer to the liquid radioactive waste. These wastes must be collected and kept for decay in hospitals to the safe levels before being spilled into the municipal sewerage. It requires additional expenses to the hospital for making the special sewerage. To increase the availability of radionuclide therapy, it is necessary to update the requirements of the liquid radioactive waste management in nuclear medicine departments, considering the volume activities of different diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclides in wastes generated after the injection of radiopharmaceuticals to the patients. On the basis of findings, it is possible to evaluate the feasibility of the binding requirement for the availability of special sewerage in the departments of the radionuclide therapy. In this work, excretion of the radiopharmaceuticals used in therapy: 89Sr-dichloride, 223Ra-dichloride, 131I-MIBG, 177Lu-PSMA, and 225Ac-PSMA was studied based on published data to determine the activity levels of radionuclides in waste of patients. As a results of preliminary computations, some nuclear medicine procedure will not lead to generation of liquid radioactive waste from biological waste of patients in sewerage system in usual operating condition and special sewerage is not strictly necessary. For example, estimations of radionuclide activity in wastes showed the volume of current sewerage system in a small hospital with a limitation of 50 beds can be enough to reduce the level of specific activity of radionuclides in wastewater from one patient a day after radionuclide therapy with 89Sr-chloride and 223Ra-dichloride. In order to revision of requirements to special sewerage in each department of radionuclide therapy and to development of differentiated approach to the management of biological waste of patient in nuclear medicine departments, which ensure environment protection and radiation safety of people, it is necessary to continue the research including development and modeling of realistic scenario of staff and patient radiation exposure confirmed experimental results.

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Arthur, Scott, Helen Crow, and Naoum Karikas. "Including public perception data in the evaluation of the consequences of sewerage derived urban flooding." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 1 (July 1, 2009): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.334.

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This text reports research which was undertaken to assess the failure consequences associated with sewerage systems. In an effort to move away from considering only flood volume, depth or extent, the text will focus on how a survey of public opinion was used to inform the development of a consequence scoring methodology. The failure consequences considered range from internal flooding of properties, to road closure, environmental damage and odour problems. The text reports the extent to which experience of flooding influences perceptions of failure consequence and sewerage system management. It is also outlined how this data was used, along with other data sources, to construct an objective scoring process that can be used to evaluate failure consequence and readily prioritise sewerage maintenance.

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Pochwat, Kamil. "The use of artificial neural networks for analyzing the sensitivity of a retention tank." E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500066.

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Designing retention facilities is a complex engineering process that requires the collection of the detailed hydrological data of a catchment and hydraulic sewerage system. The acquired data are necessary to prepare a model of the retention tank in appropriate software for hydrodynamic modelling. The article shows the results of tests concerning the analysis of the sensitivity of a sewerage model of a rainwater retention tank which may be implemented in this software. The results of tests allowed determining the impact of the individual hydraulic characteristics of the catchment and the sewerage system on the required retention capacity of a tank. A planned analysis is performed based on artificial neural networks and the required data are acquired by hydrodynamic simulations in SWMM 5.1.

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Merchán-Sanmartín, Bethy, Maribel Aguilar-Aguilar, Fernando Morante-Carballo, Paúl Carrión-Mero, Jaime Guambaña-Palma, Diego Mestanza-Solano, and Edgar Berrezueta. "Design of Sewerage System and Wastewater Treatment in a Rural Sector: A Case Study." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 17, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170105.

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The accelerated growth of the population in recent years presents, as a great consequence, a significant increase in wastewater, which, on many occasions, is not discharged properly. This work aims to design a sewerage and wastewater treatment system in Las Mercedes commune in southern Ecuador based on geological, topographic, hydrological, geochemical and demographic parameters. All this focused on reducing pollution and complying with current national and international regulations, meeting the needs of the rural population studied. The methodology used consists of four phases: i) collection, inventory and processing of the base information ii) design of the sewerage system, ii) design of a wastewater treatment system and iv) environmental impact assessment and referential budget. The sewerage system consists of 3.2 km long PVC pipes that transport wastewater to a purification system of water pretreatment and facultative and maturation ponds. The designed system complies with a total purification of 636.27 MPN/100 ml of faecal coliforms (99.994%) and 35.30 mg/l of BOD5 (88%). The proposed design contributes to wastewater management and environmental education research, defining a combined model of a sewerage system with stabilisation ponds replicable in communities with similar conditions.

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Alam, Mahbub-Ul, Fazle Sharior, Sharika Ferdous, Atik Ahsan, Tanvir Ahmed, Ayesha Afrin, Supta Sarker, et al. "Strategies to Connect Low-Income Communities with the Proposed Sewerage Network of the Dhaka Sanitation Improvement Project, Bangladesh: A Qualitative Assessment of the Perspectives of Stakeholders." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (October 1, 2020): 7201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197201.

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In Bangladesh, approximately 31% of urban residents are living without safely managed sanitation, the majority of whom are slum residents. To improve the situation, Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (DWASA) is implementing the Dhaka Sanitation Improvement Project (DSIP), mostly funded by the World Bank. This study assessed the challenges and opportunities of bringing low-income communities (LICs) under a sewerage connection within the proposed sewerage network plan by 2025. We conducted nine key-informant interviews from DWASA and City Corporation, and 23 focus-group discussions with landlords, tenants, and Community Based Organisations (CBOs) from 16 LICs near the proposed catchment area. To achieve connections, LICs would require improved toilet infrastructures and have to be connected to main roads. Construction of large communal septic tanks is also required where individual toilet connections are difficult. To encourage connection in LICs, income-based or area-based subsidies were recommended. For financing maintenance, respondents suggested monthly fee collection for management of the infrastructure by dividing bills equally among sharing households, or by users per household. Participants also suggested the government’s cooperation with development-partners/NGOs to ensure sewerage connection construction, operation, and maintenance and prerequisite policy changes such as assuring land tenure.

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Garmash, Alexei, Dmitrii Bondarenko, Gennadii Zubko, and Dmitrii Goncharenko. "On renovation of the destroyed tunnel sewer collector in Kharkiv." World Journal of Engineering 13, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-02-2016-009.

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Purpose The purpose of this study to monitor the state of deep sewerage networks is a task of current interest in connection with the emergency and pre-emergency condition of a large part of sewerage systems in the cities of Ukraine. Design/methodology/approach To monitor the state, performance and reliability of deep sewer collectors, it is necessary to provide monitoring wells and, during the lifetime, to carry out planned inspection of groundwater levels in the wells and to timely identify areas of filtration of wastewater into the ground. Findings Monitoring the state of deep sewerage networks is a task of current interest in connection with the emergency and pre-emergency condition of a large part of sewerage systems in the cities of Ukraine. To monitor the state, performance and reliability of deep sewer collectors, it is necessary to provide monitoring wells, and during the lifetime, to carry out planned inspection of groundwater levels in the wells and to timely identify areas of filtration of wastewater into the ground. Originality/value Implementation of works on reconstruction and strengthening an emergency section will extend the service life of the sewer collector without reducing its capacity.

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Chupin, Viktor R., Vladimir I. Mart'yanov, and Maria V. Matveeva. "Optimization of systems of water supply and sewerage by minimizing their life cycle costs." Journal «Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsiyi. Stroyitelstvo. Nedvizhimost» 12, no. 1 (2022): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2917-2022-1-104-113.

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Abstract. When designing urban water supply and sewerage systems, the substantiation of pipeline diameters and velocities of the fresh and sewage water should be carried out. The existing approaches and regulatory requirements provided in SP 31.13330.2012 consider economic factors in terms of reduced costs for the construction and operation of water supply and sewerage systems. However, according to GOST R 587885-2019, the design option should be selected on the basis of its life cycle costs (LLC). In this regard, an LLC-based methodology for calculating the optimal values of pipeline diameters and velocities of the fresh and sewage water in pipelines is proposed. The study specifies the LLC of pipeline water supply and sewerage systems in the form of the flow rate and velocity functions of the transported fresh and sewage water. The first LLC derivative in terms of velocity is taken and set equal to zero. Further, the equation is solved relative to the velocity. As a result, formulas for calculating optimal pipeline velocity values for the fresh and sewage water relative to their LLC are obtained. The conducted numerical experiments demonstrate that the optimal values of fresh and sewage water velocities depend on the values of flow rate and electricity cost, as well as the number of years in the life cycle of water supply and sewerage systems. It is proposed to amend Appendix B of SP 31.13330.2012 by adding a substantiation of pipeline diameters based on the LLC of water supply and sewerage systems.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sewerage'

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