Journal articles: 'Sewage Purification Heavy metal removal'

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Verma, Lal Ji, Pramod Kumar Singh, and Saurav Ambastha. "Heavy Metal Removal from Domestic Wastewater Employing Live Eichhornia Crassipes." SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology 9, no. 01 (June 25, 2017): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18090/samriddhi.v9i01.8337.

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This study uses naturally growing water hyacinth for wastewater purification system, this is an alternative technique of heavy metal remediation. These plants enhance the removal of pollutants by consuming part of them in the form of the plant nutrients. The vascular plants cultured in such treatment system perform several functions, including assimilation and storing contaminates, transporting O2 to root zone, and providing a substrate for microbial activity, canal containing floating macrophytes. This applies to municipal wastewater, in particular, where treatment units of different size can be applied at the pollution source and consumes less energy for the running. The effectiveness of wastewater purification by different plants was tested on laboratory and pilot scales. The aquatic plants system offers an environmentally friendly and cost effective technology, which have been used for removing Cadmium, Iron and Copper from wastewater. Batch experiments verified that the plants are capable of decreasing all tested indicators for water quality to levels that permit the use of purified water for irrigation, which poses serious problems in various locations throughout the country. It is shown that mixture of wastewater from in front of Gautam Budha University canal/ Greater Noida’s canal wastewater and Galgotias University sewage treatment plants. The removal efficiency of the Cadmium, Iron and Copper is 74.52%, 75.31% and 67.75% in greater Noida’s canal and 73.72%, 74.99 % and 68.37% in Galgotias University’s wastewater respectively.

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Huynh, An The, Yi-Ching Chen, and Bich Ngoc Thi Tran. "A Small-Scale Study on Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Water Using Water Hyacinth." Processes 9, no. 10 (October 11, 2021): 1802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9101802.

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The aim of this research was to determine whether water hyacinth can be used to remove heavy metals, such as cadmium, arsenic, lead, zinc, and copper, from industrial wastewater. Investigations of the pollution removal or prevention potential of aquatic macrophytes, such as heavy metal bio-indicators in aquatic habitats, can prove to be advanced field studies. Water hyacinth is one of the aquatic plant species that has been effectively utilized for the treatment of wastewater. It is extremely effective in removing stains, suspended solids, BOD, organic matter, and heavy metals. This research focused on the use of water hyacinth to treat wastewater from heavy metals. Water hyacinths can grow in sewage, absorbing and digesting contaminants and transforming sewage effluents into comparatively clean water in the process. As a result, the plants have the potential to be used as natural water purification systems at a fraction of the cost of a standard sewage treatment facility. The experiment was performed using healthy, young, and acclimatized water hyacinths. Containment water with a cadmium concentration of 0.5 mg/L, arsenic concentration of 0.5 mg/L, lead concentration of 2 mg/L, zinc concentration of 5 mg/L, and copper concentration of 5 mg/L was added to five different polyethylene pots with 100 g of water hyacinth in each pot. After 30 days, the removal efficiency for heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb, Zn, and Cu) reached 59–92%, and the results were within the permitted limits according to the National Technical Regulation on Industrial Wastewater in Vietnam. Based on this information, it is possible to deduce that water hyacinth can be utilized to remove cadmium, arsenic, lead, zinc, and copper from industrial wastewater effluents efficiently.

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Naz, Safina, Muhammad Akbar Anjum, Bushra Sadiq, Riaz Ahmad, Muhammad Ahsan Altaf, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh, and Awais Shakoor. "Purification of Sewage Wastewater though Sand Column Filter for Lessening of Heavy Metals Accumulation in Lettuce, Carrot, and Cauliflower." Water 14, no. 22 (November 20, 2022): 3770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14223770.

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Sewage wastewater is one of the richest sources of mineral nutrients contributing toward plant growth and yield. However, the accumulation of heavy metals in the edible parts of vegetables and fruits can be dangerous to life. The current research aimed to evaluate the performance of a sand column filter for the elimination of heavy metals from sewage wastewater applied to selected vegetables. The contents of heavy metals, i.e., Pb+2, Ni+2, Cu+2, and Fe+2, were estimated to be higher in untreated sewage wastewater than in treated water. The number of leaves, fresh and dry weights of leaves, roots, and total biomass of lettuce, carrot, and cauliflower were improved due to the irrigation of unfiltered sewage wastewater compared to sewage wastewater. The curd diameter, fresh and dry weights of curd, stem fresh weight of cauliflower, and the root length and diameter of carrot increased after irrigation with the unfiltered sewage wastewater in comparison to the treated sewage wastewater. The accumulation of heavy metals, i.e., Pb+2, Ni+2, Cu+2, and Fe+2, was higher in the roots, leaves, and edible parts of the selected vegetables. In the present study, the Cd+2 and Cr+2 concentrations were not affected by the filtration process through a sand column filter. Conclusively, filtration through a sand column filter is effective for the removal of heavy metals from sewage wastewater used to irrigate agricultural land.

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Wang, Liang, Jilei Wei, Kun Fang, Chen Zhou, and Shengyang Yang. "Biochar-Based Photothermal Hydrogel for Efficient Solar Water Purification." Molecules 28, no. 3 (January 24, 2023): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031157.

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The development of technology for solar interface evaporation has a significant meaning for the sustainable use of water resources in remote regions. However, establishing a solar evaporator with a high evaporation rate and favorable water treatment capabilities remains challenging. In this work, we reported a silver nanoparticle (AgNP)@carbonized cattail (CC)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite hydrogel (ACPH) membrane. Because of the successfully loaded AgNPs, which have a photothermal synergy with the CC, the ACPH-10 membrane obtained an excellent photothermal conversion performance. Additionally, the hydrophilicity of the ACPH-10 membrane ensures a sustainable water supply which is necessary for the improvement of the evaporation rate. Therefore, the ACPH-10 membrane achieves an evaporation rate of 1.66 kg m−2 h−1 and an efficiency of 88.0%, attributed to the remarkable photothermal conversion and water transmission. More importantly, the membrane exhibits superior purification ability in a variety of sewage. Pollutant removal rates in heavy metal and organic dye sewage have exceeded 99.8%. As a result, the ACPH membrane holds great promise for wastewater recovery and seawater desalination, which can aid in resolving the water crisis issue.

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Heinzmann, B. "Phosphorus recycling in sewage treatment plants with biological phosphorus removal." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 10-11 (November 1, 2005): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0734.

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In this paper, phosphorus balances are calculated for the wastewater purification and sludge treatment stages for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) applying Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR). The possible P-recovery potential is then estimated and evaluated regarding different locations along the process of wastewater purification and sludge treatment, taking the different phosphorus bonding forms into account. Caused by the more favourable bonding forms in the excess sludge as well as possibly also in the sludge ash a recovery of the phosphorus seems especially favoured for WWTPs with EBPR. The processes available for a P recycling are named, and special regard is given to the Phostrip-process, which is a possible recycling process already tested in practice. Further R&D demand consists in basic research regarding disintegration, fermentation or acidic total digestion of excess sludge followed by phosphorus precipitation including separation of the precipitates, MAP-precipitation and separation from digested sludge and on the ability to extract phosphorus and heavy metals from sewage sludge ash. These investigations are a precondition to enable purposeful process developments. At the present state the cost of recycled phosphorus earned from wastewater, sludge and ash, respectively, are a multiple higher than the costs for raw phosphate taking into account the suitable processes. Thus, up to now no phosphorus recycling with a defrayal of costs is possible. The future importance of phosphorus recycling will depend on the market price for raw phosphate, the recycling costs and, furthermore, on the general political framework.

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Straub, Timothy M., Ian L. Pepper, and Charles P. Gerba. "Removal of PCR inhibiting substances in sewage sludge amended soil." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 5-6 (March 1, 1995): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0633.

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Current methods for the detection of enteric viruses in soil involve elution of viruses from soil colloids using beef extract or other proteins. These eluates are then assayed in cell culture and observed daily for cytopathic effects (CPE). While this method is suitable for detection of enteric viruses by cell culture, these eluates contain humic acids and heavy metals that interfere with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. Using beef extract eluates prepared from sludge amended soil, 10 different methods of eluate purification were evaluated for their ability to remove PCR inhibition and maximize sensitivity. The treatment method providing the greatest sensitivity of poliovirus detection by PCR was the combination of Sephadex G-50 and Chelex-100. Using this method 2 plaque forming units (PFU) could be detected after reverse transcription and 30 cycles of PCR. Thirty (30) cycles of seminested PCR were performed on these samples to verify nucleic acid sequences and increase sensitivity after the first 30 cycles of PCR. Using seminested PCR, sensitivity of detection using the Sephadex G-50 and Chelex-100 treatment method to 0.2 PFU. In addition to providing excellent sensitivity for viruses in sludge amended soils, this treatment method is relatively simple compared to other methods.

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Yeh, T. Y., and C. H. Wu. "Pollutant removal within hybrid constructed wetland systems in tropical regions." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.846.

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Hybrid constructed wetlands have received tremendous interests for water quality enhancement due to insufficient sewage treatment and groundwater deterioration in Taiwan. The main objectives of this study were to investigate pollutant removal efficiencies and mechanisms within field-scale hybrid natural purification systems. The studied hybrid constructed wetland systems include an oxidation pond, two serial surface flow wetlands with a cascade in between, and a subsurface flow wetland receiving secondary treated dormitory sewage. The average SS, BOD and COD percent removal efficiency was 86.7, 86.5 and 57.8%, respectively. The ratio of BOD to COD decreased from 0.65 in the initial aerobic compartment to 0.21 in anoxic parts of the systems, indicating most biological degradable materials were decomposed in the aerobic oxidation pond and surface flow wetlands. Heavy metal removal percentages of copper and zinc were 72.9 and 68.3%, respectively. Sedimentation and plant uptake are the possible sinks for metals retention. Significant phosphorus removal was not achieved in this study. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and ammonium decreased from 4.08 to 1.43 and 3.74 to 1.21 mg/L, respectively, while nitrate nitrogen increased from 1.91 to 3.85 mg/L within the aerobic oxidation pond and surface flow wetlands. This result demonstrated nitrification occurring within aerobic compartments. The nitrate nitrogen continued to decrease from 3.85 to 1.43 mg/L within the anoxic subsurface wetlands mainly through denitrification transformation. Total nitrogen removal was from 7.61 to 3.61 mg/L, with the percentage removal of total nitrogen around 52.6%. The primary nitrogen removal and transformation mechanisms within the studied wetland systems were nitrification within aerobic followed by denitrificaiton within anaerobic systems. The emergent macrophytes enhance aeration through oxygen transferring that attributing the higher organic matter removal and nitrification rate. The hybrid wetland systems are viable options of pollutants transformation and removal in tropical countries, while tertiary wastewater systems are too costly or unable to operate. Effluent of purified systems can comply with local surface water criteria rendering for groundwater recharge.

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Makisha, Nikolay. "Membrane bioreactors for treatment of galvanic wastewater." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 05047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199705047.

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The article speaks about the membrane methods applied for treatment of galvanic sewage. It reveals the main features and peculiarities, which determine the maintenance of various types of membranes for industrial wastewater treatment. Ultrafiltration is a method that uses a membrane to separate by size ions of heavy metals, petroleum products, macromolecules and suspended solids. Application of ceramic membranes in ultrafiltration plants allows implementing of various technological processes with resource-saving opportunities, such as treatment of galvanic workshops sewage with efficiency of 99% and entire restoration of the worked out solutions. Nanofiltration is a process of membrane filtration of wastewater, which ensures the removal of multi-charged ions from water, depending on the size. Reverse osmosis is a process that is used to desalinate the bulk of dissolved salts in wastewater of various industries. In addition, this process is used to ensure the purification of effluents from organic and inorganic compounds, suspended solids and high molecular weight compounds.

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Lakatos, Gyula, Magdolna K. Kiss, Marianna Kiss, and Péter Juhász. "Application of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in Hungary." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 5 (March 1, 1997): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0230.

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This paper presents a brief survey of the Hungarian constructed wetland types that have been established for wastewater treatment in the last thirty years, and gives an analysis of the design and performance of those reed ponds that have been constructed for the polishing of petrochemical wastewaters. Natural treatment processes are in great demand because they are protective of the environment and have low operation costs and satisfactory purification efficiency. Three major types of treatment wetlands are utilized in Hungary: free water surface system, subsurface flow system, and artificial floating meadow system. Since the 1970s, the petrochemical industry has utilized sewage treatment systems consisting of ponds of emergent and/or submerged macrophyte vegetation that operate as free water surface systems. In the wastewater treatment system of Nyirbogdány, the average COD removal efficiency is around 60%, while the reed-submerged weeds pond has an efficiency of 25%. In the reed pond of the TIFO post-treatment pond system, the total phosphorus removal averaged 40% for several years, while the nitrogen removal efficiency has not exceeded 35%. For both constructed wetlands, the nutrient stabilising and heavy metal accumulating role of the aquatic plant-periphyton complex has been quantified, and the biological water quality has been found to be typical of any other natural water bodies.

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Mustapha, Moshood Keke, and Joy Chinenye Ewulum. "Seasonal assessment, treatment and removal of heavy metal concentrations in a tropical drinking water reservoir." Ekológia (Bratislava) 35, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eko-2016-0008.

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AbstractHeavy metals are present in low concentrations in reservoirs, but seasonal anthropogenic activities usually elevate the concentrations to a level that could become a health hazard. The dry season concentrations of cadmium, copper, iron, lead, mercury, nickel and zinc were assessed from three sites for 12 weeks in Oyun reservoir, Offa, Nigeria. Triplicate surface water samples were collected and analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The trend in the level of concentrations in the three sites is site C > B > A, while the trend in the levels of the concentrations in the reservoir is Ni > Fe > Zn > Pb > Cd > Cu > Hg. Ni, Cd, Pb and Hg were found to be higher than the WHO guidelines for the metals in drinking water. The high concentration of these metals was from anthropogenic watershed run-off of industrial effluents, domestic sewages and agricultural materials into the reservoir coming from several human activities such as washing, bathing, fish smoking, especially in site C. The health effects of high concentration of these metals in the reservoir were highlighted. Methods for the treatment and removal of the heavy metals from the reservoir during water purification such as active carbon adsorption, coagulation-flocculation, oxidation-filtration, softening treatment and reverse osmosis process were highlighted. Other methods that could be used include phytoremediation, rhizofiltration, bisorption and bioremediation. Watershed best management practices (BMP) remains the best solution to reduce the intrusion of the heavy metals from the watershed into the reservoir.

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Khoruzhy, Victor, Tetіana Khomutetska, and Igor Nedashkovskіy. "MODERNIZATION OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS FROM SURFACE SOURCES." Problems of Water supply, Sewerage and Hydraulic, no. 37 (December 12, 2021): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2524-0021.2021.37.74-83.

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Surface water bodies, which are sources of drinking water supply, receive a significant amount of pollution from wastewater. This negatively affects the ecological condition of water resources and poses a threat to the health and sanitary well-being of the population. The main pollutants of surface sources are: sewage of economic-fecal and industrial sewage, which contain organic pollutants, surfactants, heavy metal ions; oil products coming from industrial sites and urban areas; effluents from livestock farms and storage ponds of production waste; washing of mineral fertilizers and pesticides from agricultural lands. Adjustment of surface springs additionally affects the deterioration of water quality in them. Therefore, existing water treatment technologies may not always provide the required degree of drinking water purification. According to monitoring studies, more than 38% of water samples taken at centralized water supply facilities did not meet regulatory requirements. This situation encourages the search for ways that would create conditions for more efficient operation of water supply systems. Modernization of existing water supply facilities and application of new water treatment technologies can help solve the problem. The article illustrates constructive schemes of shore and channel water intake and treatment facilities, the use of which makes it possible to reduce the dirt retention load on the main treatment facilities, increase the reliability of fish fry protection and improve the ecological condition of reservoirs at water intake sites. For effective removal of organic matter at water treatment plants, it is advisable to use bioreactors and contact-clarifying filters. Such solutions allow not only to increase the productivity of the water treatment plant, but also significantly reduce its construction cost, simplify the operation of facilities and reduce annual operating costs.

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SATOH, Kenichi, Tetsuya KOBAYASHI, Ryozo TAMURA, Takao TAMURA, and Fumio SHIRAI. "Removal method of heavy metal from sewage sludge." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 15, no. 10 (1986): 813–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.15.813.

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Lin, Ying Zi, Chang Hu Cao, Jun Yin, and Hai Jun Qi. "Investigation of Heavy Metal Pollutants in a Sewage Treatment Plant of Changchun in Frozen Period." Advanced Materials Research 343-344 (September 2011): 1265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.1265.

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According to the heavy metal investigation of some practical data in Changchun sewage treatment plant. For wastewater treatment plant and the commonly used treatment process wastewater process of the distribution of heavy metals are analyzed. We studied the heavy metals pollutant removal efficiency of situation with A/O process of wastewater treatment plant in frozen period. And make a comparative analysis of heavy metals pilot plant and demonstration project in water, determine target pollutants and focus on removal. Thus, under low temperature conditions so as to sewage treatment plants effectively remove heavy metal pollutants to provide theoretical guidance for the control of urban sewage treatment by-product of the deposition process to improve the quality of urban sewage treatment and provide scientific basis.

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Khamitova, Korlan, Daniar V. Ismailov, Marzhan Sultangazina, and Rakhima Kanat. "Sorption Extraction of Heavy Metal Ions from Industrial Sewage." Key Engineering Materials 769 (April 2018): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.769.187.

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Contaminated water purification from products of anthropogenesis activity remains one of the main problems that chemists and ecologists are facing nowadays. The main mass of pollutants in the form of toxic compounds of heavy metals is made by insufficiently purified and untreated sewage from the mining and machine-building industries. Industrial sewage treatment has become one of the most common technological processes, thus the issues of its improvement and optimization are especially relevant.

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Yoshizaki, Shiro, and Tahei Tomida. "Principle and Process of Heavy Metal Removal from Sewage Sludge." Environmental Science & Technology 34, no. 8 (April 2000): 1572–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es990979s.

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Vogel, Christian, Christian Adam, and Miriam Unger. "Heavy metal removal from sewage sludge ash analyzed by thermogravimetry." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 103, no. 1 (July 24, 2010): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-010-0966-7.

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Sultan, Safaa, Maha E. Irzoqy, and Mohammed F. Haddad. "Biological treatment of heavy metals removal from Sewage." NTU Journal of Renewable Energy 1, no. 1 (September 14, 2021): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56286/ntujre.v1i1.24.

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A sample of the bread yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain was taken from the local markets in the city of Mosul and grown on the appropriate medium for it in order to test its ability to remove some heavy metals. Concentrations for each metal ph and three temperatures The grown bread yeast was able to remove both zinc and lead alone and remove them both. The highest removal of zinc was 1.99 ppm , and lead was 0.5 ppm. It was noted that the removal rate increased according to the two minerals together, as the temperature was 10 and 25 The best value for pH is 4 and 9

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Chen, Raylin, Thomas Sheehan, Jing Lian Ng, Matthew Brucks, and Xiao Su. "Capacitive deionization and electrosorption for heavy metal removal." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 6, no. 2 (2020): 258–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ew00945k.

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Electrosorption and capacitive deionization technologies can be effective processes in removing heavy metal for water purification, wastewater treatment, resource recovery, and environmental remediation.

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Lukashevich, O. D., and N. T. Usova. "IRON SLUDGE SORBING AGENT FOR SEWAGE PURIFICATION FROM HEAVY METAL IONS." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture, no. 1 (April 13, 2018): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2018-20-1-148-159.

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The paper suggests a method of synthesizing a granulated sorbing agent for sewage purification from ions of heavy metals (copper and zinc). The raw material mixture includes iron sludge produced by water treatment, liquid glass, caustic limestone, and water. The optimum mass ratio of 10:1:14:4 (dry iron sludge, calcium oxide, liquid glass, water) is selected for the mixture composition which provides the high strength and water resistance of sorbing agent. The paper considers the preparation and the optimum thermal treatment conditions which ensure the strength, appropriate porosity and specific surface of specimens. Research results are obtained for mechanical-and-physical properties of synthesized granular sorbing agent. The static exchange capacity and the extraction degree of copper and zinc ions from model saline solutions are detected herein. Research results contribute to the problem of the efficiency improvement of closed water utilization systems and can be used in utilization of large-tonnage water treatment wastes, thereby providing sewage purification facilities with inexpensive sorbing agents.

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Wang, He Ming, Liang Shen, and He Li Wang. "Technology Research for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Municipal Sludge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 1353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.1353.

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Heavy metal pollution is one of the main obstacles of municipal sewage treatment plant sludge for agricultural use. This paper gives an overview of four kinds of commonly used techniques for heavy metals removal in sewage sludge: chemical extraction, bioleaching, electrokinetic technology and solidification - stabilization, also analyzed the future direction of development.

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Phuengprasop, Thapanapong, Jarinya Sittiwong, and Fuangfa Unob. "Removal of heavy metal ions by iron oxide coated sewage sludge." Journal of Hazardous Materials 186, no. 1 (February 2011): 502–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.065.

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Yuan, Jing, Weining Zhang, Zhihua Xiao, Xihong Zhou, and Qingru Zeng. "+Efficient dewatering and heavy-metal removal in municipal sewage using oxidants." Chemical Engineering Journal 388 (May 2020): 124298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.124298.

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Si, Rongrong, Junwen Pu, Honggang Luo, Chaojun Wu, and Gaigai Duan. "Nanocellulose-Based Adsorbents for Heavy Metal Ion." Polymers 14, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 5479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245479.

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Heavy metal ions in industrial sewage constitute a serious threat to human health. Nanocellulose-based adsorbents are emerging as an environmentally friendly material platform for heavy metal ion removal based on their unique properties, which include high specific surface area, excellent mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. In this review, we cover the most recent works on nanocellulose-based adsorbents for heavy metal ion removal and present an in-depth discussion of the modification technologies for nanocellulose in the process of assembling high-performance heavy ion adsorbents. By introducing functional groups, such as amino, carboxyl, aldehyde, and thiol, the assembled nanocellulose-based adsorbents both remove single heavy metal ions and can selectively adsorb multiple heavy ions in water. Finally, the remaining challenges of nanocellulose-based adsorbents are pointed out. We anticipate that this review will provide indispensable guidance on the application of nanocellulose-based adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions.

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Liu, Wei Feng, Xue Wei Li, Wen Bo Dong, Le Bo, Yi Min Zhu, and Ling Hua Zhang. "Adsorption of Heavy Metals Using γ-PGA Produced by Bacillus pumilus ." Materials Science Forum 932 (September 2018): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.932.124.

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Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) produced by Bacillus pumilus C2 was employed to remove heavy metals from sewage of magnesium - based exhaust gas cleaning system (Mg-EGCS). The components of heavy metals in the sewage were detailed analyzed. On the base of the analytical results, the effects of addition amount of γ-PGA, adsorption time, temperature and NaCl concentration on the removal efficiency of typical heavy metals were further investigated. The optimal removal rates of heavy metals were obtained at the γ-PGA dosage of 9 g/L and adsorption duration of 30 min. The γ-PGA had excellent tolerance for high temperatures up to 80°C and exhibited steady heavy metal removal efficiency in NaCl concentrations of 0 – 24%. Under the optimal conditions, the removal rates of Zn, Cr, V, Cd, Pb and Ni by γ-PGA in a real sewage of Mg-EGCS achieved 53.6%, 100%, 49.2%, 72.7%, 33.7% and 39.9% respectively.

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Zhou, Xuan, Yunlong Liu, Can Jin, Guomin Wu, Guifeng Liu, and Zhenwu Kong. "Efficient and selective removal of Pb(ii) from aqueous solution by a thioether-functionalized lignin-based magnetic adsorbent." RSC Advances 12, no. 2 (2022): 1130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra06774e.

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Militaru, Bogdan Adrian, Rodica Pode, Lavinia Lupa, Winfried Schmidt, Agnes Tekle-Röttering, and Norbert Kazamer. "Using Sewage Sludge Ash as an Efficient Adsorbent for Pb (II) and Cu (II) in Single and Binary Systems." Molecules 25, no. 11 (May 31, 2020): 2559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112559.

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Incineration of sewage sludge produces every year huge amounts of sewage sludge ash. Due to its porosity and composition, sewage sludge ash can be used as an adsorbent for heavy metal ions removal. The present paper discusses the efficiency and feasibility of its use as an adsorbent for Pb (II) and Cu (II) removal in single and binary systems. Sewage sludge ash dosage, pH influence, equilibrium and kinetic studies were examined. The results show that sewage sludge ash is an effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent. The maximum adsorption capacity was 25.0 mg/g for Pb (II) and 7.5 mg/g for Cu (II). The presence of the competitive metal led to lower adsorption rate. The study concludes that sewage sludge ash is a promising adsorbent for Pb (II) and Cu (II) removal from wastewater presenting both economic and environmental benefits.

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Kim, Jong Oh, Jong Tae Jung, and Won Youl Choi. "Application of Photocatalytic Metal Membrane System for Water Purification." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 1317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1317.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the applicability of photocatalytic metal membrane system for the treatment of humic acid and heavy metals in aqueous solution. The catalysts, TiO2 powder P25 Degussa and metal membrane with 0.5 μm nominal pore size were used for experiments. Removal efficiency of humic acid and heavy metals increased with the increase of TiO2 dosage, however decreased over 0.3 g/L of TiO2 dosage. The addition of H2O2 as an oxidation reagent had a positive effect for the removal rate of humic acid and heavy metals. Metal membrane with stainless steel seemed to be quite stable to UV light with oxidation reagent in long-term operational periods over 6 months. Moreover, TiO2 particles can be effectively separated from the treated water by membrane rejection and the permeation flux was also enhanced by the combination of photocatalytic reaction.

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Vogel, Christian, Robert M. Exner, and Christian Adam. "Heavy Metal Removal from Sewage Sludge Ash by Thermochemical Treatment with Polyvinylchloride." Environmental Science & Technology 47, no. 1 (December 12, 2012): 563–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es300610e.

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Blais, J. F., J. C. Auclair, and R. D. Tyagi. "Cooperation between two Thiobacillus strains for heavy-metal removal from municipal sludge." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-031.

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A mixed culture of two fast-growing bacterial strains for heavy-metal solubilization of municipal sewage sludge has been developed. Strain VA-7 decreases the initial sludge pH (7–8.5) to a value between 4.0 and 4.5. Then, strain VA-4 begins growing and further reduces the pH to values below 2.0. The rapid decrease of sludge pH by a mixed culture through sulfur oxidation into sulfuric acid solubilizes the toxic metals (Cd 83–96%, Cr 16–54%, Cu 85–87%, Mn 91–94%, Ni 78–79%, Pb 28–46%, Zn 82–96%) to levels recommended for intensive use of residual sludge in agriculture. A study of the physiological and metabolic characteristics of these strains revealed that isolate VA-7 is a strain of Thiobacillus thioparus (ATCC 55127), while isolate VA-4 corresponds to a Thiobacillus thiooxidans (ATCC 55128). These bacterial strains possess distinctive physiological characteristics that allow them to easily grow and solubilize heavy metals in municipal sludge. Key words: heavy metals, sewage sludge, thiobacilli, bioleaching, elemental sulfur.

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Zasidko, Iryna, Miroslava Polutrenko, Oleg Mandryk, Yuliia Stakhmych, and Nataliia Petroshchuk. "Complex Technology of Sewage Purification from Heavy-Metal Ions by Natural Adsorbents and Utilization of Sewage Sludge." Journal of Ecological Engineering 20, no. 5 (April 1, 2019): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12911/22998993/105576.

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Vali, Naeimeh, Lars-Erik Åmand, Aurélie Combres, Tobias Richards, and Anita Pettersson. "Pyrolysis of Municipal Sewage Sludge to Investigate Char and Phosphorous Yield together with Heavy-Metal Removal—Experimental and by Thermodynamic Calculations." Energies 14, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051477.

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Sewage sludge is regarded as a potential source for soil fertilizer However, the direct utilization of sewage sludge in agricultural land is restricted since it also contains heavy metals, pathogens, and toxic compounds. Pyrolysis of the sewage sludge destroys the organic pollutants and partly volatilizes the heavy metals. In this study, pyrolysis of sewage sludge was carried out in order to determine the optimum residence time and temperature to recover the phosphorous and remove heavy metals from the resultant sewage sludge char (SSC). Pyrolysis was conducted on dried sewage sludge (DSS) by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and high-temperature oven with an N2-atmosphere. Microwave Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (MP-AES) was used to determine the concentration of P and trace elements in the resulting solid char fraction. A combination of chemical fractionation (step-by-step leaching) of the DSS and thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were utilized to estimate the availability of phosphorous and removal of heavy metals in the SSC fraction at different temperatures. The results from the thermodynamics calculation were in line with the measured chemical composition of the SSC. Furthermore, the energy contents of the SSC obtained at different temperatures were measured. The pyrolysis evaluation results indicate that phosphorous was enriched in the char, while lead, zinc, and cadmium were significantly removed.

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Rajbanshi, A. "Study on Heavy Metal Resistant Bacteria in Guheswori Sewage Treatment Plant." Our Nature 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v6i1.1655.

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Removal of heavy metals from wastewater needs advance chemical technology and is more expensive too. The cheaper alternative for this is the bioremediation using heavy metals resistant microorganisms. In this study, 10 heavy metal resistant bacteria were isolated from oxidation ditch of wastewater treatment plant of Bagmati Area Sewerage Project. These include chromium resistant Staphylococcus spp, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp; cadmium resistant Acinetobacter spp, Flavobacterium spp, Citrobacter spp; nickel resistant Staphylococcus spp, Bacillus spp; copper resistant Pseudomonas spp; and cobalt resistant Methylobacterium spp. All the isolates showed high resistance to heavy metals with Minimum Inhibitor Concentration (MIC) for heavy metals ranging from 150 mug/ml to 500 mug/ml. Six resistant isolates showed multiple tolerance to heavy metals. All the 10 isolates also showed antibiotic resistance of which 10% were resistant to single antibiotic and 90% were multi-antibiotic resistant. Heavy metal tolerance test showed maximum microbial tolerance to chromium and minimum tolerance to nickel in mixed liquor sample of oxidation ditch.Keywords: Heavy metal resistant bacteria, multiple tolerance, antibiotic resistance, Guheswori Sewage Treatment Plantdoi: 10.3126/on.v6i1.1655Our Nature (2008)6:52-57

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Wang, Peng, Du Sun, Mingxia Deng, Shaoning Zhang, Qingyuan Bi, Wei Zhao, and Fuqiang Huang. "Amorphous phosphated titanium oxide with amino and hydroxyl bifunctional groups for highly efficient heavy metal removal." Environmental Science: Nano 7, no. 4 (2020): 1266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9en01466g.

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Song, Yun Peng, Jun Zhang, and Liang Li. "The Study of Bioleaching to Removal Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 1117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.1117.

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Bioleaching as an effective method is used to remove the heavy metal from sewage sludge, but the current study of this method in China is little. This article describes the main factors that affect the effect of bioleaching, including sludge solids concentration and type, substrate type and dosage, temperature, aeration rate, microbial species and inoculum, initial pH and etc.

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Petrov, Oleksandr, Sergei Petrichenko, Anna Yushchishina, Olena Mitryasova, and Volodymyr Pohrebennyk. "Electrospark Method in Galvanic Wastewater Treatment for Heavy Metal Removal." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (July 27, 2020): 5148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155148.

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The objective of this research is to improve water treatment use of the electric spark method. Studies on the treatment of multicomponent galvanic effluent by the electric spark method using metal loading (Fe, Al) and low-voltage (up to 1000 V) equipment have been carried out. The factors that have the largest influence on the degree of galvanic wastewaters purification are the conditions and parameters of the discharge pulse—an efficiency of approximately 0.8–0.85 has a specific energy, which at moderate concentrations of pollutants can be less than 65 kJ/dm3 (18 kWh/m3)—and the metal loading height. Other variable technological parameters can serve either as scaling tools or as methods for regulating the operation of electrical equipment. The research shows that the degree of purification depends on the specific energy and the height of the metal loading of the reactor, and it weakly depends on the pulse energy and the speed of its input. The concentrations of heavy metals (Zn2+, Cr6++Cr3+, Cu2+) in the treated water are significantly lower than their maximal permissible concentrations. The electric spark method allows us to achieve highly efficient results of wastewater treatment from heavy metals.

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IRAWATI, WAHYU, SEMUEL RIAK, NIDA SOPIAH, and SUSI SULISTIA. "Heavy metal tolerance in indigenous bacteria isolated from the industrial sewage in Kemisan River, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 18, no. 4 (December 7, 2017): 1481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d180425.

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Irawati W, Riak S, Sopiah N, Sulistia S. 2017. Heavy metal tolerance in indigenous bacteria isolated from the industrial sewage in Kemisan River, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1481-1486. The bacterial study is a part of human calling in preserving the earth. Many indigenous bacteria isolated from heavy metal contaminated sites had resistance to heavy metal toxicity and could be used for heavy metal removal. The aims of this study were to isolate heavy metal-tolerant indigenous bacteria from the industrial sewage of Kemisan River in Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia. The potency of bacterial isolates to remove heavy metals was also determined. The heavy-metal tolerance was determined by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration. The potency of bacterial isolate for removing heavy metals from the medium was determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that there were eight heavy metal-resistant bacteria isolated from Kemisan River with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 7 mM to 11 mM. Isolate PbSI1 was the highest lead tolerant bacteria, and also tolerant to copper and zinc. The isolate was able to remove 91.25% lead, 73.38% zinc, and 98.57% copper from medium supplemented with the mixture of these heavy metals. The addition of 9 mM of lead in the medium affected the morphological appearance of isolate colonies i.e PbSI1 and PbSI3 to become darker which might occur due to the survival mechanism of bacteria by absorbing the lead inside the cells. The finding of this study indicated that isolate PbSI1 was a promising bacterium, which could be further developed for heavy metal removal.

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Ma, Degang, Meizhong Su, Jingjing Qian, Qian Wang, Fanyi Meng, Xiaomei Ge, Yu Ye, and Chunfeng Song. "Heavy metal removal from sewage sludge under citric acid and electroosmotic leaching processes." Separation and Purification Technology 242 (July 2020): 116822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116822.

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Xia, Yunxue, Yuanyuan Tang, Kaimin Shih, and Bang Li. "Enhanced phosphorus availability and heavy metal removal by chlorination during sewage sludge pyrolysis." Journal of Hazardous Materials 382 (January 2020): 121110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121110.

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Du, Y. G., T. R. Sreekrishnan, R. D. Tyagi, and Peter G. C. Campbell. "Effect of pH on metal solubilization from sewage sludge: a neural-net-based approach." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 21, no. 5 (October 1, 1994): 728–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l94-078.

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Microbial leaching for heavy metals removal from municipal sewage sludge is a complex biological process. The ultimate metal solubilization achieved depends on the type of sludge involved (nondigested, aerobically digested or anaerobically digested sludge), the decrease in sludge pH as a result of the leaching operation, and the concentration of metals initially present in the sludge. In addition, the system temperature exerts an indirect but strong influence by its effect on the bacterial growth and acid production process. A neural-net-based model was developed to predict the solubilization of six heavy metals, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, from sewage sludge using the bioleaching process. The only input parameters required are the type of sludge, initial metal concentrations in the sludge, and the sludge pH. The model yielded satisfactory predictions of metal solubilization when tested with a number of actual experimental data. Key words: heavy metals, microbial leaching, modelling, neural-net, sewage sludge.

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Dave, Pragnesh N., and Lakhan V. Chopda. "Application of Iron Oxide Nanomaterials for the Removal of Heavy Metals." Journal of Nanotechnology 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/398569.

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In the 21st century water polluted by heavy metal is one of the environment problems. Various methods for removal of the heavy metal ions from the water have extensively been studied. Application of iron oxide nanaparticles based nanomaterials for removal of heavy metals is well-known adsorbents for remediation of water. Due to its important physiochemical property, inexpensive method and easy regeneration in the presence of external magnetic field make them more attractive toward water purification. Surface modification strategy of iron oxide nanoparticles is also used for the remediation of water increases the efficiency of iron oxide for the removal of the heavy metal ions from the aqueous system.

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Mun, Jung Soo, Sang Ho Lee, Jung Hun Lee, Jeong Yul Suh, and Ree Ho Kim. "Nutrient Removal Using Bauxsol^TM for Treated Wastewater Reuse." Materials Science Forum 695 (July 2011): 626–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.695.626.

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Urban areas consume huge amounts of water and produce much wastewater, which deteriorate the aquatic environment and exhaust the country’s freshwater resources. Water reuse from sewage and wastewater is recognized as a good option for securing water. There are several kinds of processes for improving the water quality. Nutrient removal is very important for water reuse, especially in water supply for outdoor use, to prevent water quality deterioration via eutrophication. Moreover, low cost and easy maintenance should be considered for nutrient removal. In this study, red mud and BauxsolTM, a mixed mineral powder made of physicochemically modified red mud residue generated by the Bayer process for alumina refineries, was used for the removal of nitrate and heavy metals in artificial solution, and of phosphate in final effluent, from a sewage treatment plant in Dae-gu, Republic of Korea. Nitrate removal by red mud showed little efficiency while heavy metal removal showed high efficiency. The concentrations of the total phosphate in the effluent and treated water were 1.51 and 0.14 mg/L, respectively, which represent about 90.7% removal. Before and after the treatment, the pH was maintained at a neutral range of 6.5-7.2. BauxsolTM also showed a high heavy metal removal capacity. Therefore, BauxsolTM in powder and pellet form can be applied individually or mixed with soil to improve water quality for water reuse.

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42

Shibambu, C. S., J. R. Gumbo, and W. M. Gitari. "Field study on heavy metal removal in a natural wetland receiving municipal sewage discharge." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 12, no. 01 (January 1, 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sdp-v12-n1-1-10.

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Vogel, Christian, and Christian Adam. "Heavy Metal Removal from Sewage Sludge Ash by Thermochemical Treatment with Gaseous Hydrochloric acid." Environmental Science & Technology 45, no. 17 (September 2011): 7445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es2007319.

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Mattenberger, H., G. Fraissler, T. Brunner, P. Herk, L. Hermann, and I. Obernberger. "Sewage sludge ash to phosphorus fertiliser: Variables influencing heavy metal removal during thermochemical treatment." Waste Management 28, no. 12 (December 2008): 2709–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.01.005.

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Yan, Min, Jian Zhang, Xiaoguo Wang, and Xin Lu. "Performance of a Tower-Shaped Integrated Ecological Purification Device for Pollutants Removal from Domestic Sewage in Rural Areas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 18, 2022): 17014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192417014.

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With the continuous development of China’s modern economy and agricultural society, the discharge of rural sewage has been recognized as a major threat to the safety of the rural ecological environment. This study discussed the purification efficiency of a tower-shaped integrated ecological purification device (TIEPD)—consisting of a measuring tank, detention tank and three-stage purification unit—towards various common pollutants in rural areas during operation and tested the stability and efficiency of the TIEPD under different rural life events (fair activity days and nonfair activity days) and different precipitation intensities (light rain, moderate rain and heavy rain). The results showed that the average removal efficiencies of the TIEPD towards chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 69%, 67%, 54% and 73%, respectively. The average effluent concentration of each pollutant can meet the standard of the discharge of pollutants in China. The system exhibited good stability in removing pollutants and good ecological and economic benefits. This study provides the treatment of domestic sewage in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and in mountainous areas of China and strengthens the prevention and control of rural nonpoint source pollution.

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Yao, C., F. Wang, Z. Cai, and X. Wang. "Aldehyde-functionalized porous nanocellulose for effective removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions." RSC Advances 6, no. 95 (2016): 92648–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra20598d.

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Chen, Shen-Yi, and Sheng-Ying Wang. "Effects of Solid Content and Substrate Concentration on Bioleaching of Heavy Metals from Sewage Sludge Using Aspergillus niger." Metals 9, no. 9 (September 9, 2019): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9090994.

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The presence of heavy metals in sewage sludge not only affects the performance of sludge anaerobic digestion process but also restricts the land application of treated sewage sludge. Therefore, a fungi-mediated bioleaching process for simultaneous metal leaching and sludge digestion by Aspergillus niger was developed to treat the sewage sludge containing heavy metals in this study. The effects of two important parameters, sludge solid content and substrate (sucrose) concentration, on the performance of fungal bioleaching were investigated in this study. The results showed that the rate of pH reduction increased with increasing sludge solid contents and sucrose concentrations. In this study, the efficiency of metal removal decreases in the order of Mn > Zn > Ni > Pb. The efficiencies of metal leaching and solid degradation (SS and VSS) were found to be decreased with an increase of sludge solid content and a decrease of sucrose concentration. At 2 days of reaction time, the maximum efficiency of metal solubilization was 95, 56, 21 and 13% for Mn, Zn, Ni and Pb, respectively.

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Srivastava, Madhu Prakash, Nupur Srivastava, Neeta Sharma, and Yogesh Kumar Sharma. "Bioremediation of Toxic Heavy Metals Cr (VI) from Tannery Effluent using Micro-Organisms: Biotechnological Potential." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 4, no. 01 (January 31, 2018): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v4i01.11612.

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Increased industrialization and human activities have impacted on the environment through disposal waste containing heavy metals. Heavy metals pollution of agricultural soil has been mainly due to the disposal of industrial wastewater, sewage and sewage sludge to agricultural land. Conventional methods for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions are not economically and environmental friendly because it has produced massive quantity of toxic chemical compounds. Naturally fungi have a large variety of extracellular proteins, organic acids and other metabolites. Fungi can adapt in any ecosystems and any environmental conditions Interest in processes involving heavy metal uptake by microorganisms has increased considerably in recent years due to the biotechnological potential of micro-organisms in removing and/or recovery of metals.

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Lowrie, D., J. Hobson, and D. C. Stuckey. "Sulfate disinfection, stabilisation and heavy metal removal from sewage sludge – process description and preliminary results." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 10 (May 1, 2002): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0356.

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A new, closed loop process for the disinfection, stabilisation and removal of heavy metal from sewage sludge (consisting of a sludge/sulfuric acid reactor, hybrid H2S generator and H2S bioscrubber) is described. Preliminary results for total solids (TS), volatile suspended solids (VSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), acetate and propionate destruction in the hybrid H2S generator have shown that digestion efficiency is not compromised in a hybrid reactor generating H2S compared to a methanogenic reactor. 70% of the electron flow in the hybrid H2S generator was diverted to methane at a COD:SO4 ratio of 5.45:1. Enough H2SO4 could be generated from the H2S emitted at this ratio to effect sufficient metal solubilisation and pathogen removal from primary sludge.

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Wang, Shifan, Yuan Liu, Aiwen Yang, Qi Zhu, Hua Sun, Po Sun, Bing Yao, Yunxiao Zang, Xihua Du, and Liming Dong. "Xanthate-Modified Magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2-Based Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan Composite Material for Efficient Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Water." Polymers 14, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061107.

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Chitosan has several shortcomings that limit its practical application for the adsorption of heavy metals: mechanical instability, a challenging separation and recovery process, and low equilibrium capacity. This study describes the synthesis of a magnetic xanthate-modified polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan composite (XMPC) for the efficient removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. The XMPC was synthesized from polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan, and magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles. The XMPC was characterized, and its adsorption performance in removing heavy metal ions was studied under different experimental conditions. The adsorption kinetics fit a pseudo-second-order kinetic model well. This showed that the adsorption of heavy metal ions by the XMPC is a chemical adsorption and is affected by intra-particle diffusion. The equilibrium adsorption isotherm was well described by the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The XMPC reached adsorption equilibrium at 303 K after approximately 120 min, and the removal rate of Cd(II) ions was 307 mg/g. The composite material can be reused many times and is easily magnetically separated from the solution. This makes the XMPC a promising candidate for widespread application in sewage treatment systems for the removal of heavy metals.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sewage Purification Heavy metal removal'

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