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Journal articles on the topic 'Sewage pollution'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Chmielowski, Krzysztof, Piotr Bugajski, and Grzegorz B. Kaczor. "Comparative analysis of the quality of sewage discharged from selected agglomeration sewerage systems." Journal of Water and Land Development 30, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2016-0019.

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AbstractThe study provides a comparative analysis of the quality of sewage discharged from selected sewerage systems. The analyzed data were collected from 10 agglomeration sewerage systems discharging sewage into collective wastewater treatment plants (WTP). The investigated pollution indicators included BOD5, CODCr, total suspended solids and biogenic indicators such as total nitrogen and total phosphorus. These results were compared with the outcomes reported in commonly available research papers on sewage disposal. Considering the concentration of individual pollution indicators, more detailed categories of sewage pollution were adopted in this work. The sewage was divided into five basic groups: I – highly concentrated, II – concentrated, III – moderately concentrated, IV – diluted, and V – highly diluted. The sewage categories accounted for the following pollution indicators: BOD5, CODCr, total suspended solids, total phosphorus and total nitrogen. Mean BOD5, CODCr and total suspended solids in raw sewage were higher than average values reported in the referenced literature. Contrary to that, concentration of total phosphorus in raw sewage was significantly lower than reported by other authors. The outcomes of this study suggest that the predictions concerning pollution degree of raw sewage made at WTP design stage should not be based exclusively on general values provided in literature reports.

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2

Brown, JenniferM, ElizabethA Campbell, AndrewD Rickards, and David Wheeler. "SEWAGE POLLUTION OF BATHING WATER." Lancet 330, no. 8569 (November 1987): 1208–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(87)91342-0.

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3

Patel, Khageshwar Singh, Nohar Singh Dahariya, Suryakant Chakradhari, Pravin Kumar Sahu, Keshaw Prakash Rajhans, Shobhana Ramteke, Lesia Lata, and Huber Milosh. "Sewage Pollution in Central India." American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 06, no. 10 (2015): 787–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2015.610075.

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4

Ramteke, P. W., S. P. Pathak, A. R. Gautam, and J. W. Bhattacherjee. "Association ofaeromonas caviæwith sewage pollution." Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering and Toxicology 28, no. 4 (May 1993): 859–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934529309375916.

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5

McLaughlin, Allan J. "Sewage Pollution of Boundary Waters." Journal - American Water Works Association 106, no. 1 (January 2014): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2014.tb11257.x.

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6

Bao, Zhen Bo, Deng Chao Jin, and Yang Li. "The Reduction and Harmless Treatment Process of Livestock Sewage." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 1451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.1451.

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The pollution of livestock sewage is one of important pollution sources that can cause non-point pollution in Chinese country. On the basis of analyzing the characters of the livestock sewage, the treatment principles of livestock sewage are discussed. At last, the comprehensive treatment processes of livestock sewage are put forward and analyzed.

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7

Bao, Zhen Bo, Deng Chao Jin, and Hong Jun Teng. "Hazards and Treatment Methods of Large-Scale Livestock Sewage Pollution in China." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1954–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1954.

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Large-scale livestock pollution has become the third largest source of pollution following industrial pollution and domestic pollution. The possible dangers of livestock sewage pollution on rivers, lakes, underground water, soil, human health are pointed out. Pretreatment is necessary for processing of livestock sewage treatment. The principle, advantages and disadvantages, applicability of three modes of livestock sewage treatment including land spreading, natural treatment and industrialized treatment are summarized. It is very necessary to study and develop efficient, low-cost, resource utilization of livestock sewage treatment technology according to local conditions.

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8

Kurek, Karolina, Piotr Bugajski, Agnieszka Operacz, Paulina Śliz, and Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski. "Influence of variability in the amount of inflow wastewater pollution concentration in small sewer system (case study)." E3S Web of Conferences 86 (2019): 00028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198600028.

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The aim of study was the analyze of the impact of hydraulic load on the changes in the concentration of pollution indicators in raw sewage in years 2009-2014 in the small wastewater treatment plant. Qualitative analysis for raw sewage was included three parameters: total suspension solid, BOD and COD. The characteristics relation between the concentration of pollution indicators in raw sewage (depend variable) from the hydraulic load(independent variable) was presented by the Pearson linear correlation. In the 6 year study period were collected 32 samples of raw wastewater. Based on the result of linear regression analysis, showed that along with the increasing amount of wastewater in the sewer decrease the concentration of pollutions in raw wastewater. For total suspension solid, increase by 1 m3 of quantity of raw sewage inflowing to wastewater treatment plant, causes a decrease in the concentration of this indicator by 0,53 g·m-3. For the both organic indicators (BOD and COD), the was found that an increase of 1 m3 the amount of raw sewage inflowing to wastewater treatment plant, caused a decrease of 0,75 gO2·m-3 BOD value and 0,66 gO2·m-3 COD value in raw sewage.

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9

Zhang, Jinling, and Xu Xu. "Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Potential Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sludge of Shanghai Sewage Treatment Plant: A Case Study." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 14, 2023): 3465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043465.

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Sewage treatment is an important indicator of the urban environment and an important method of sustainable development. In this paper, the spatial distribution characteristics of 8 heavy metals in sewage sludge from 44 sewage treatment plants in Shanghai were analyzed. The pollution degree and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in sludge were evaluated by the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index and Hakanson potential ecological risk index. First, the single factor pollution index of heavy metals was ranked. The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index showed that five sewage treatment plants in Nanxiang, Dongqu, Liantang, Songjiang west, and Xinhe were heavily polluted. Second, the single factor potential ecological risk index of each heavy metal was analyzed. Finally, it is concluded that in the monitoring and control of sewage treatment, Shanghai should pay attention to the sewage treatment plants with high potential ecological risks and gain an excellent performance in the reduction in the emissions of pollution sources, so as to improve environmental quality and reduce the potential ecological risks. This paper provides the basis for studying the characteristics of heavy metal pollution of sewage sludge.

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10

Rockefeller, Abby A. "Sewers, Sewage Treatment, Sludge: Damage without End." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 12, no. 4 (February 2003): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/qlxd-wq8a-hevr-7k1b.

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It is in the nature of sewering and sewage treatment to compound environmental problems in the processof moving sewage and in attempting to remove from sewage the pollutants it carries. Spreading sewage sludge on land is but the latest in the compounding of environmental damage from sewerage. This practice must be banned and there must be a federal reorientation of all technology dealing with human excreta and the waste materials from industry and society that now are carried away by sewers. The reorientation must center on biologically based on-site pollution prevention and resource recycling technologies mandated through a revised Clean Water Act.

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11

Volschan, Isaac. "The challenge of dry-weather sewage intakes as a sustainable strategy to develop urban sanitation in the tropics." Water Practice and Technology 15, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2019.084.

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Abstract Informal housing, and operational and management deficiencies, influence sewerage system performance in Brazil. Inadequate sewage volumes in storm sewers lead to fecal contamination and affect recreational water environments. As overflow structures, dry-weather sewage intakes (DWSIs) are used to intercept and transfer sewage from storm- to sewage- sewers. For cities without public services, the DWSI strategy has been suggested as an option to enable easier and more rapid responses in terms of sewage pollution control. The strategy may also lead to gradual construction of a separate sewerage system in a two-step plan: initially, based on the construction of DWSIs and wastewater treatment plants, and then, on the construction of separate sewers. The paper is a discussion of the main technical challenges in sustainability of the DWSI strategy, and includes a case study of slum and other informal housing areas in Rio de Janeiro.

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12

Cao, Li Xia. "Game Model of Treatment and Assessment of Sewage in the Regional." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1469.

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To ensure the effectiveness of the pollution control policy and long-lasting, and provide the rationalization recommendations and quantification of the results for sewage and regulators, this paper gives regional sewage’s fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and solution algorithm, then build the game model on sewage and treatment, and this problem is solved with Nash equilibrium theory. Finally, the example illustrates the model’s effectiveness and operability.

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13

Wang, Di, Kun You, and Jin Xiang Fu. "Optimization and Selection of Automatic Monitoring Indicators in Beer Manufacturing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.795.

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Automatic monitoring indicators system of pollution is the key and foundation to construct network of pollutions in total amount monitoring.Scientific and reasonable indicators system can reflect pollutant situation and influence on water environment.Automatic monitoring indicators in pollution of sources are confined to COD and ammonia nitrogen as well as short of monitoring indicators to character features of pollutional sources.It is necessary to conduct optimization and selection of automatic monitoring indicators.Based on beer manufacturing in demonstration area as the research object,analyze sources of pollution in Qinghe basin producing and sewage situation;adopt screening methods to complete optimization and selection of automatic monitoring indicators.Build the system of automatic monitoring indicators in beer manufacturing successfully to provide theoretical support for constructing network of water pollutant total amount monitoring.

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14

Gong, Yang, Qi Peishi, Wang Baozhen, and Sui Jun. "An Optimization Study of the Planning of Water Pollution Control for Majiagou Stream in Harbin, China." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 8-9 (August 1, 1989): 995–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0301.

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A study on the optimization planning of water pollution control for Majiagou Stream in Harbin was carried out. Four water pollution control options were considered. The option regarded as most feasible, both technically and economically, involved the construction and operation of a wastewater treatment works with a capacity of 150,000 m3/day on the upper reach of the stream. The effluent would be discharged into the upper reach of Majiagou Stream and would be used as a water source for the stream, while an interceptor sewer was to be constructed on the lower reach of the stream to collect wastewaters in the lower reach basin and transport them to a centralized wastewater treatment plant. An optimization study of the relationship between the sewerage interceptor and the sewage treatment plant on the upper reach was conducted. In this study, a comprehensive water pollution control plan, including the sewerage system, sewage treatment plant, and the use of treated wastewater as a water source for Majiagou Stream, was considered as a systematic problem in which many factors were taken into account. Cost-benefit analysis was carried out for both the sewage treatment plant and the interceptors by means of empirical regression equations and diagrams in which various curves showed the relationships between the important factors.

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15

Kurihara, Hideto. "Sewage Works for Water Pollution Control." Japan journal of water pollution research 12, no. 4 (1989): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jswe1978.12.216.

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16

de-la-Ossa-Carretero, J. A., Y. Del-Pilar-Ruso, F. Giménez-Casalduero, J. L. Sánchez-Lizaso, and J. C. Dauvin. "Sensitivity of amphipods to sewage pollution." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 96 (January 2012): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2011.10.020.

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17

Zhang, Li Ping, Jie Pang, Lei Ke, Yuan Yuan Shi, Mu Qi Yang, Qian Yu Hu, and Yuan Jie Guo. "SPSS for Water Pollution Contribution of Tonghui River in Beijing Based on Principal Component Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 343-344 (September 2011): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.483.

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This paper researches on sewage discharge condition along Tonghui River in Beijing. According to stationing principle and field investigation, there are 18 sewage outlets along Tonghui River and select 7 main water quality pollution indicators and sewage flow to assess the sewage outlets’ pollution distribution. By means of SPSS soft applied in principal component analysis method, paper analysis on the main pollution indicators and the main pollution contribution sewage outlets. The result shows 3 extracted principal components reflect 88.92% information of primitive variables. Then solve the formula of the 3 extracted principal components as F1, F2, F3. According to the contribution percentage of variance in table Ⅲ, the function of comprehensive evaluation expression can be deduced as F= 0.727F1+0.187F2+0.086F3. The results show that among the 18 sewage outlets, the worst pollution contribution is No.16 outlet, the 18 sewage outlets’ pollution contribution to Tonghui River is in the order of NO.16> NO.11> NO.12> NO.3> NO.8> NO.9> NO.13> NO.14> NO.17> NO.10> NO.15> NO.6> NO.18> NO.5> NO.1> NO.7> NO.4> NO.2. The assessment result is tally with the actual situation. Administrative means, technical means and management means are the effective measures to improve water quality of Tonghui River.

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18

Sun, Wei, and Xiao Jun Liu. "The Prediction for Sewage Emissions in Xi'an Based on the Theory of Grey System." Advanced Materials Research 1079-1080 (December 2014): 539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1079-1080.539.

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The water pollution and water scarcity have restricted the development of economy seriously in Xi'an. And the wastewater quantity is an important basic data in solving this problem. This paper build GM(1,1) model based on grey system theory to predict the discharge volume of urban domestic sewage and industrial wastewater from 2013 to 2020. The predictions suggest that the discharge amount of industrial wastewater will reduce by 6.7005 million tons per year. While the amount of domestic sewage increases year by year at the speed of 11.0989 million tons. The percentage of domestic sewage in total sewage emissions will get bigger in Xi'an. Additionally, some suggestion about improving the efficiency using of water and reducing sewerage discharged are given.

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19

Wiśniewska, Marta, and Mirosław Szyłak-Szydłowski. "The Air and Sewage Pollutants from Biological Waste Treatment." Processes 9, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020250.

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The mechanical-biological waste treatment plants (MBTP), which include the municipal waste biogas plants, have an important role in sustainable urban development. Some plants are equipped with a sewage pre-treatment plant, which is then directed to the sewerage system and the treatment plant. Others, on the other hand, have only a non-drainage tank. The parameters of technological sewage (TS) or processing technology could reduce sewage contamination rates. In addition to the quality of sewage from waste treatment plants, the emission of odours is also an important problem, as evidenced by the results obtained over the sewage pumping station tank. The conducted statistical analysis shows a significant positive correlation between odour concentration (cod) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Analysing the individual compounds, a high positive correlation was also found—the strongest being between H2S, NH3 and VOCs. In the case of sewage compounds, the insignificant correlation between P total and other parameters was found. For the rest of the compounds, the highest positive correlation was found between COD and BOD and N-NO2 and N-NH3 as well as COD and N-NO2. The dilution of sewage is only an ad hoc solution to the problem. Further work should be aimed at reducing sewage pollution rates. The obtained results indicate large pollution of technological sewage and a high level of odour and odorants concentration. The novelty and scientific contribution presented in the paper are related to analyses of various factors on technological sewage parameters and odour and odorant emission from TS tank at biogas plant processing municipal waste, which may be an important source of knowledge on the management of TS, its disposal and minimisation of emitted compound emissions.

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20

Hu, Ming, and Lei Li. "Treatment Technology of Microbial Landscape Aquatic Plants for Water Pollution." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (July 20, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4409913.

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With the rapid development of industrial and agricultural production, the rapid growth of population, and the acceleration of urbanization, the problem of water pollution is becoming more and more serious. Water shortages and pollution disrupt the balance of ecosystems and seriously limit people’s health and rapid economic development. Nowadays, the method of repairing sewage bodies using microbial landscape aquatic plants is attracting more and more attention, and it is a big challenge to maintain the sustainable development of human beings and nature. This paper uses floating rafts to combine microorganisms and landscape aquatic plants to conduct sewage treatment experiments. According to microorganisms, landscape aquatic plants absorb nutrients in the water body, examine the changes in water quality during the restoration of microorganisms’ landscape aquatic plants, and establish the growth of microorganisms’ landscape aquatic plants. The relationship with changes in water quality aims to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of slow-flowing water bodies such as lakes, reservoirs, large artificial ponds, and rivers. In this paper, the experiments are divided into four groups (A (experimental sewage + microbial inoculant), B (experimental sewage + plant), C (experimental sewage + microbial inoculant + plant), and D (experimental sewage)). It can be divided into the total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, and COD value data, and chromaticity detection of each group of the test is continuously monitored weekly to comprehensively detect and observe the repair effect on contaminated water bodies. The experiment proved that the water quality of the three treatment groups was significantly clearer than that of the blank control group, and its clarity: microorganism + plant > microorganism > plant > blank control group. This shows that the combination of microorganisms and landscape aquatic plants can effectively reduce the various pollutants contained in sewage and reduce the color of sewage. Treating sewage using plant technology that combines microorganisms is feasible and promising.

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21

Liu, Hong Chen, Ruo Xin Cheng, and Han Yan. "Simulation of Environmental Pollution Improvement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (July 2014): 843–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.843.

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In recent years, the researches on the theory and application of public articles and mechanism design at home and abroad has attracted more and more attentions. The paper uses the idea of mechanism design and simulation to analyze and solve environmental pollution improvement. By establishing a simple environmental pollution improvement model, the paper transforms pollution control into binary decision established by a sewage treatment plant and different decisions by the fisherman on the establishment of sewage treatment plants. The paper observes the results of applying different mechanisms and proposes the suggestions of implementing various pollution control methods.

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22

Chen, Jin Meng, Ying Xiang Jiang, and Wen Hao Sun. "Preliminary Study of Groundwater Pollution about Sewage Irrigation at Malong County." Advanced Materials Research 709 (June 2013): 942–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.709.942.

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It is a kind of low cost and also low power sewage treatment pathway for using sewage in irrigation, one of effective action to protect the water resources sustainable utilization in town. Using sewage in irrigation is a way of reducing operating costs at Malong County. As the yellow soil permeability is low at Malone County and the penetration rate is 1m/d. What’s more, the quality sewage used in irrigation can meet the class A demands, so this article predicted that sewage irrigation will has less impact on the groundwater at Malone County. We can get analogy method and drew experimental plan according to different influence results of water quality, soil and groundwater of Malone County.

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23

Zhang, Minghui, Lin Wang, Xuda Huang, and Xiaofeng Zhang. "Pollution Contribution Response in Governance and Potential Pollution Factors in Licun River." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 3547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063547.

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The development of the city results in deterioration of the water quality of the Licun River. As a result, years of governance have been conducted to improve its water quality. In order to clarify the response changes of water quality in the water governance, the governance process is divided into three stages (2000–2007, 2008–2016, 2017–2020) according to different priorities. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and the comprehensive pollution index are applied to analyze the variation of water quality response at various stages. In addition, the main pollution contributions with the governance changes were obtained. It is concluded that flood control and incomplete river pollution interception have a limited effect on water quality improvement, with NH3-N (ammonia nitrogen) and COD (chemical oxygen demand) being the main pollution contributions at the first stage. At the second stage, the point source control and sewage treatment facilities significantly improve water quality, and the main pollution contributions are NH3-N and TP (total phosphorus). At the third stage, sewage treatment facilities and supporting pipelines are improved, water sources are replenished, and the main pollution contribution is TN (total nitrogen). For further treatment, the factors affecting pollution are analyzed, including the contradiction of sewage system, point source pollution caused by pipe network problems, shortage of water resources, sludge pollution, and non-point source pollution.

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24

Yang, You Ping, and Hui Hui Weng. "An Underground Pollution of Water Purification Processing Equipment Develop." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 1372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.1372.

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The development of a kind of subsurface sewage disposal device is to develop a subsurface sewage disposal device which uses physical filtration to improve water quality of some specific area. This device mainly consists of a pressure dissolved air vessel, purification filtrating equipment and a system controller. This device also uses modern control technology to make the water quality meet the requirement of the standard of domestic water and satisfy peoples demand for water by controlling the pressure and flow of water strictly and separate impurities and harmful substances from the sewage.

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25

Ahmed, W., A. Goonetilleke, D. Powell, and T. Gardner. "Evaluation of multiple sewage-associated Bacteroides PCR markers for sewage pollution tracking." Water Research 43, no. 19 (November 2009): 4872–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.08.042.

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26

Varadarajan, K., K. Kannan, K. Paliwal, A. Mani, and V. S. Balasubramanian. "Effect of sewage pollution on the health status of sewage farm workers." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 47, no. 5 (November 1991): 646–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01701129.

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27

Meng, Zhilong, Xinru Bai, and Xiuli Tang. "Short−Term Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Water from Xiaohe River Irrigation Area, China: Levels, Sources and Distribution." Water 14, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14081273.

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The aims of this study were to determine the pollution characteristics of heavy metals and their potential harm to human health in the surface water of agricultural irrigation areas, China, over a short term. In this study, Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, Ni, Cr, Cd, and As in surface water of the Xiaohe River irrigation area were detected and analyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of Pb, Hg, Ni, Cr, Cd, and As exceeded the national environmental quality standard for surface water in varying degrees. The concentrations of heavy metals in surface water in October were significantly lower than that in November and December due to the impact of extreme precipitation events. Point source pollution (industrial sewage, etc.) was the main factor affecting the spatial distribution of heavy metals. The main source of heavy metals in October was domestic sewage. Domestic sewage and industrial sewage were the main sources of heavy metals in November. The sources of heavy metals in surface water in December were relatively diverse, and industrial sewage was the main source. The temporal variation of heavy metal pollution sources changed significantly. Industrial sewage was the main pollution source of heavy metals in surface water in the study area. The impact of urban domestic sewage and agricultural activities cannot be ignored. The health risk of heavy metals in surface water mainly depends on Cr, Cd, and As. Policy recommendations were also proposed for better control of heavy metal pollution in the surface water of river ecosystems involving agricultural irrigation areas.

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28

Carleton, M. G. "Comparison of Overflows from Separate and Combined Sewers – Quantity and Quality." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 10-11 (October 1, 1990): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0285.

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The use of separate sewerage systems to solve pollution problems associated with combined systems is examined. Overflows from combined stormwater-sewer systems have been found to be one of the major causes of receiving water pollution. Experiences in two countries which have predominantly one system or the other provided a basis for comparison. Wet weather overflow was found to be a major problem with similar quality of overflow produced for both systems. Minimising overflows was feasible, however proper and integrated control of stormwater and sewage flows, related to receiving water impacts, is indicated as the best solution. The use of separate sewerage systems to solve pollution problems may not be justified.

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29

Murodov, P., O. Amirov, and P. Khuzhaev. "Cleaning the Kafirnigan River From Sewage Pollution." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 11 (November 15, 2020): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/60/13.

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The influence of the discharged treated wastewater on the ecology of the Kafirnigan River is considered. The data on the current state of sewage treatment facilities in the city of Dushanbe are given and an assessment of the environmental efficiency of these treatment facilities is given. Preliminary calculations of costs for the construction of a new sewage treatment plant in Dushanbe have been made. The article is devoted to the current problem of cleaning storm sewers. It should be noted that storm water drainage, like wastewater, has a negative impact on the environment. Before the wastewater is disposed of, it is necessary to treat it in a special way, subjecting it to treatment of varying degrees and depths.

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30

Al-Musharafi, S. K., I. Y. Mahmoud, and S. N. Al-Bahry. "Heavy Metal Pollution from Treated Sewage Effluent." APCBEE Procedia 5 (2013): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcbee.2013.05.059.

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31

Tahir, Alifiya, and Aayush Visaria. "Sewage Pollution in Water Supply in Indore." Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 21, no. 3 (2017): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_150_17.

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32

BALMFORTH, D. J. "The Pollution Aspects of Storm-Sewage Overflows." Water and Environment Journal 4, no. 3 (June 1990): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1990.tb01382.x.

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33

Wang, Yuan-Xu. "Runoff pollution control of a sewage discharge project based on green concept – a sewage runoff pollution control system." Water Supply 20, no. 8 (August 27, 2020): 3676–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.183.

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Abstract The problem of runoff pollution in sewage discharge projects mainly depends on manual inspections, and this traditional inspection method has high personnel and time costs. Moreover, with rapid development of the Internet of Things technology, application of intelligent information management has become a development trend of various neighborhoods where LoRa communication technology with low power consumption and long-distance transmission characteristics has been widely used. Therefore, starting from the concept of green environmental protection, LoRa technology is used in this paper to design and develop a runoff pollution control system including a management terminal, terminal and network components for waste-water discharge projects. The main function is to calculate and comprehensively analyze the conventional indexes such as CODCr, BOD5, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the sewage treatment process, which reduces the calculation error of total pollutant treatment volume and total production volume, and improves the data accuracy of the sewage purification project. Meanwhile, the example verifies that the system proposed in the paper has accurate analysis of runoff pollution characteristics and accurate data calculation, which provides technical support for sustainable development and green development goals and mitigation of water crisis.

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34

Niu, Chao, Qianqian Zhang, Lele Xiao, and Huiwei Wang. "Spatiotemporal Variation in Groundwater Quality and Source Apportionment along the Ye River of North China Using the PMF Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 1779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031779.

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Groundwater quality deterioration has attracted widespread concern in China. In this research, the water quality index (WQI) and a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model were used to assess groundwater quality and identify pollution sources in the Ye River area of northern China. Research found that TH, SO42−, and NO3− were the main groundwater pollution factors in the Ye River area, since their exceeding standard rates were 78.13, 34.38, and 59.38%, respectively. The main groundwater hydrochemical type has changed from HCO3-Ca(Mg) to HCO3·SO4-Ca(Mg). These data indicated that the groundwater quality was affected by anthropogenic activities. Spatial variation in groundwater quality was mainly influenced by land use, whereas temporal variation was mainly controlled by rainfall. The WQI indicated that the groundwater quality was better in the flood season than in the dry season due to the diluting effect of rainfall runoff. Notably, farmland groundwater quality was relatively poor as it was affected by various pollution sources. Based on the PMF model, the main groundwater pollution sources were domestic sewage (52.4%), industrial wastewater (24.1%), and enhanced water–rock interaction induced by intensely exploited groundwater (23.6%) in the dry season, while in the flood season they were domestic sewage and water–rock interaction (49.6%), agriculture nonpoint pollution (26.1%), and industrial wastewater and urban nonpoint pollution (23.9%). In addition, the mean contribution of domestic sewage and industrial sewage to sampling sites in the dry season (1489 and 322.5 mg/L, respectively) were higher than that in the flood season (1158 and 273.6 mg/L, respectively). To sum up, the point sources (domestic sewage and industrial wastewater) remain the most important groundwater pollution sources in this region. Therefore, the local government should enhance the sewage treatment infrastructure and exert management of fertilization strategies to increase the fertilizer utilization rate and prevent further groundwater quality deterioration.

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Koboević, Žarko, Pavao Komadina, and Željko Kurtela. "Protection of the Seas from Pollution by Vessel’s Sewage with Reference to Legal Regulations." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 23, no. 5 (January 26, 2012): 377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v23i5.156.

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This paper deals with the rules and regulations pertaining to the protection of the marine environment from the pollution by vessel’s sewage. There is an international perspective on legal regulations dealing with this matter, but the sensitive marine environment has not been properly covered. Some maritime countries have set forth their own and more strict regulations to provide for a more efficient protection of their marine environments. Having compared the international legal regulations for the protection of the seas from pollution by vessel’s sewage with the regulations of individual countries that have stricter regulations, a certain similarity has been noticed in some criteria, but also significant differences in some other criteria concerning allowed discharge of treated or untreated waste waters from the vessels. Amendments to the valid legal regulations and establishment of new rules pertaining to the marine environment are of particular importance in order to provide for a more effective protection of the seas from the increasing pollution from vessel’s sewage preventing thus the negative influence onto marine organisms, human health and economy. KEY WORDS: sea pollution, sewage, black water, faecal coliform bacteria, suspended solids, sewage treatment plant, convention

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Zhao, Haixia, Xiaowei Jiang, Yawen Dong, Wen Chen, and Jianxin Cui. "Geographic information system-based optimization of sewage treatment facilities by evaluating pollution effects and governance demands." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 5, no. 2 (October 1, 2014): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2014.061.

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Municipal sewage treatment facilities have important implications for cities' sustainable development and water environment protection. This study's aim is to optimize the sewage treatment facilities by evaluating pollution effects and governance demands for Huai'an City in Jiangsu province, China. The township is chosen as the evaluation unit and the spatial pattern, change trend, and environmental impact of pollution sources are analyzed to examine the demands for sewage treatment facilities in the future. By employing the ArcGIS spatial analysis tools, the spatial matching patterns between municipal treatment capacity and sewage discharge are studied. Considering the characteristics of wastewater discharge and the actual ability and designed capacity of the wastewater treatment facilities, the study area is divided into three types, including sewage treatment potential released type, sewage treatment enhanced type, and status quo maintained type. Comparing the quantity of wastewater discharged with the treatment potential capacity, direction for the construction and operation of sewage treatment facilities is proposed. Results of this study provide a scientific basis for site selection and layout optimization of municipal sewage treatment facilities.

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Baalsrud, Kjell. "Pollution of the Outer Oslofjord." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 10 (November 1, 1991): 321–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0317.

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The Outer Oslofjord has recently been subject to concern. 1. The Inner Oslofjord. Covers an area of 193 km2, is 160 m deep and is separated from the Outer Oslofjord by the narrow Drøbak sound with a sill depth of less than 20 metres. This part of the Oslofjord constitutes an enclosed body of sea water, sensitive to pollution, receiving sewage from approximately 650,000 inhabitants. In spite of modern sewage treatment, the fjord still suffers torn eutrophication problems resulting in reduced oxygen in the deep water, and areas of anoxic bottom water. The fjord is an important recreation area. 2. The Outer Oslofjord. Recent findings indicate that eutrophication is slowly increasing. An increasing eutrophication of the Outer Oslofjord wil also increase the need (and cost) of better sewage treatment in the Inner Oslofjord. 3. The North Sea. The quality of the water in the Oslofjord area is also dependent on the water it receives from the Skagerrak. The Skagerrak water will periodically receive polluted water from the southern North Sea and Kattegat. When these episodes coincide with water renewals between the Oslofjord and the Skagerrak, the fjord will receive polluted water from other countries. The Oslofjord water will in turn discharge into the Skagerrak, but due to the general circulation pattern, this will mainly influence the Norwegian south-east coast.

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Xu, Wei, and Zhulin Liu. "Evaluation on the Current Situation of Integrated Treatment of Rural Sewage in China: A Case Study of Anhui Province." Water 15, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030415.

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In 2017, China began to comprehensively control rural water pollution in two steps, and aims to complete the purification of rural domestic sewage by the end of 2030. The short-term goal was to implement rural drinking water safety as soon as possible, and the medium-term and long-term goals were to completely block all kinds of pollution sources. Based on the field survey data, a variety of mathematical models were established to evaluate the progress of rural sewage treatment, the operation efficiency of sewage treatment facilities and the current situation of water pollution in China. The results show that the short-term goal has been basically achieved. The rural tap water penetration rate has reached 98%, and about 95% of the water has reached the drinking standard. About 70% of the groundwater is safe for bathing. However, the rural economy is weak, the residence is scattered and the unit sewage treatment cost is high, so it is very difficult to implement rural sewage treatment. The implementation of medium-term and long-term goals is slow, especially the treatment rate of agricultural non-point source sewage and domestic sewage is generally low, and surface water such as rural ponds and reservoirs basically belongs to Class IV or Class V. The study found that the key to the poor effect and slow progress of sewage treatment is the lack of economic support. It is suggested that the government should further increase investment in rural sewage treatment facilities.

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Dong, Jin Tao, Yi De Sun, and Jin Yu Dong. "Bioremediation - A Method to Solve Problems of Petroleum Pollution." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2120.

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Processing crude oil to provide useful products generates a variety of problems. The petroleum pollution and oil spill and so on. Environmental experts are trying to use the exceptional trophic diversity of bacteria to solve problems of petroleum pollution. John Pirt of Kings College London discovered bacteria living in horse manure that can break down sewage at temperatures of 80C. He used these bacteria to develop a system for sewage disposal that alternatives these high-temperature bacteria that with bacteria that grow at 37C. Pirts system nearly eliminates the organic material in sewage sludge, leaving water and some mineral waste. The mineral waste contains heavy metal contaminants that can be isolated and either disposed of or recycled.

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Zhuravlev, Petr V., Irina V. Khutoryanina, and Boris I. Marchenko. "The barrier role of sewage treatment plants in relation to sanitary-indicative and pathogenic bacteria, parasitic agents on the example of the southern zone of Russia." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 1070–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-10-1070-1076.

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Introduction. From the sanitary and epidemiologic point of view the economic and household sewage making more than 80% of the volume of all water disposal is of the greatest practical interest. The infectious agents getting to the sewerage do not perish independently. The problem of treatment facilities of the sewerage consists of prevention of possible distribution through water of intestinal and parasitic infections. Aim of the study. To investigate the overall efficiency of sewage treatment facilities in relation to pathogenic and sanitary indicator bacteria and pathogens of parasitic diseases. Materials and methods. The object of the study was microbial and parasitic communities of household waste water from sewage treatment plants in a number of cities in the Rostov region. In work standard microbiological methods of research according to MU 2.1.5.800-99 and the methods of sanitary and parasitological researches of sewage stated in MUK 4.2.2661-10 and also author’s techniques (No. FTs/4022 MR) are used Results. The sewage of the studied cities arriving on sewage treatment plants has high degree of contamination on all bacteriological and parasitological indicators. At the same time intensity of pollution of sewage on these indicators for city drains was in the limits provided by MU 2.1.5.800-99. Dynamics of decontamination process at stages of sewage treatment facilities is shown. During normal operation of treatment systems, waste water is completely freed from salmonella. The species composition of parasitosis pathogens in wastewater that underwent the treatment stages, as well as those arriving, was almost identical in all territories. Conclusion. Researches have shown that at respect for technology of water processing of treatment facilities of the sewerage waste water practically corresponds to normative documents on bacteriological indicators. At the same time, the low performance concerning disinvasion and deworming is shown.

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Gao, Yu Nan, Ping Ping Zhang, and Jin Xiang Fu. "The Current Situation of Pollution Control and Management of the Liao River Basin." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 1046–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.1046.

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The current situations of water environmental problem, water quality, water pollution prevention and control of the Liao River are analyzed and evaluated in this paper. The results show that a serious current situation of the Liao River water quality. The main pollution sources are: grave mountain forest vegetation destruction; serious soil and water loss; densely populated city; great pressure of sewage treatment; low coverage rate of the urban sewage pipe network; serious phenomenon for sewage straightly discharge and level of recycled water reuse. This paper aims at putting forward more attention on the work of basin pollution prevention and treatment; fundamentally relieve water source-oriented supply pressure.

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Liao, Qiu Yang, Shao Hong You, Meng Hua Chen, and Ming Yun Yang. "The Application of Combined Sewage Treatment Technology in Rural Polluted Water Prevention and Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 507 (January 2014): 782–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.507.782.

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With the constant development of new socialist countryside in our country and the new requirement of eco-environments construction proposed in the 18th National Party Congress. Sewage treatment equipments in rural area are in great demand year by year. New technologies in rural areas aim at dealing with sewage increase continuously. This thesis introduces the water quality of water system and lakes in our country, analyzing the influence of rural pollution, pointing out the current problems when we tackle with water pollution. The last part is the application of several small combined sewage treatment machines used in water pollution prevention and control in rural area.

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Larsson, Josefine, Mikael Lönn, Emma E. Lind, Justyna Świeżak, Katarzyna Smolarz, and Mats Grahn. "Sewage treatment plant associated genetic differentiation in the blue mussel from the Baltic Sea and Swedish west coast." PeerJ 4 (October 27, 2016): e2628. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2628.

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Human-derived environmental pollutants and nutrients that reach the aquatic environment through sewage effluents, agricultural and industrial processes are constantly contributing to environmental changes that serve as drivers for adaptive responses and evolutionary changes in many taxa. In this study, we examined how two types of point sources of aquatic environmental pollution, harbors and sewage treatment plants, affect gene diversity and genetic differentiation in the blue mussel in the Baltic Sea area and off the Swedish west coast (Skagerrak). Reference sites (REF) were geographically paired with sites from sewage treatments plant (STP) and harbors (HAR) with a nested sampling scheme, and genetic differentiation was evaluated using a high-resolution marker amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). This study showed that genetic composition in the Baltic Sea blue mussel was associated with exposure to sewage treatment plant effluents. In addition, mussel populations from harbors were genetically divergent, in contrast to the sewage treatment plant populations, suggesting that there is an effect of pollution from harbors but that the direction is divergent and site specific, while the pollution effect from sewage treatment plants on the genetic composition of blue mussel populations acts in the same direction in the investigated sites.

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Santiago-Rodriguez, Tasha M., Patricia Marcos, Silvia Monteiro, Miguel Urdaneta, Ricardo Santos, and Gary A. Toranzos. "Evaluation of Enterococcus-infecting phages as indices of fecal pollution." Journal of Water and Health 11, no. 1 (December 3, 2012): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2012.100.

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No microbial source tracking tool satisfies all the characteristics of an ideal indicator of human fecal pollution. For this reason, the potential of Enterococcus faecalis phages (enterophages) as markers of this type of contamination was tested by using eight Enterococcus type strains as the possible hosts. The prevalence of enterophages in animal feces and domestic sewage were determined, as were the inactivation rates in raw sewage at 4 °C and surface and tap waters at 22 °C. Enterophages were exclusively detected in raw sewage (up to 66.0 plaque forming units (PFU)/100 mL), suggesting a strictly human origin; and exhibited inactivation rates of approximately 0.002 to 0.05, 0.3 to 0.5 and 0.4 to 1.4 log day−1 in raw sewage and surface and tap waters, respectively, similar to those of previous reports on human enteric viruses under similar conditions. Interestingly, phages infecting other Enterococcus type strains were detected in both animal feces and domestic sewage in concentrations of up to 335.8 PFU/g and 96.0 PFU/100 mL, and certain phage isolates infected several of the strains tested. This clearly indicates the possible promiscuous nature of some Enterococcus phages and thus opens up the opportunity to further characterize these as indices of specific fecal sources.

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Zoller, U., and M. Hushan. "The nonionic surfactant pollution profile of Israels Mediterranean Sea coastal water." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 1-2 (July 1, 2000): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0350.

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Anionic and nonionic surfactants, as core components of detergent formulations, contribute significantly to the pollution profile of sewage and wastewaters of all kinds. In Israel about 15% of the total amount of ca. 4×108 m3/year of sewage is discharged, directly, or via receiving streams/rivers, into the Mediterranean Sea. Based on our previous findings that about 85% of the nonionic surfactants in the country sewage are nonbiodegradable alkylphenol-based ethoxylates, we have undertaken this study, aimed at mapping the receiving eastern Mediterranean seawater with respect to its nonionic surfactant pollution profile. The total concentrations of nonionic surfactants were found – via reverse phase HPLC determinations – to be within the range of 4.2–25.0 ppb in seawater samples taken 2–3 m off thecoastline at those locations where sewage-containing streams flow into the sea. Thus, neither the existing sewage treatment facilities nor natural biodegradation processes in receiving surface water systems are capable of avoiding this coastal water pollution. The potential estrogenic health risk of such concentrations of the anthropogenic EPEOs is dependent, among other factors, on their specific homological distribution, biodegradation rate (slower for those having >10 EO units) and survival.

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Zoller, U., and M. Hushan. "The nonionic surfactant pollution profile of Israel Mediterranean Sea coastal water." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 5 (March 1, 2001): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0296.

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Anionic and nonionic surfactants, as core components of detergent formulations, contribute significantly to the pollution profile of sewage and wastewaters of all kinds. In Israel about 15% of the total amount of ca. 4×108 m3/year of sewage is discharged, directly, or via receiving streams/rivers, into the Mediterranean Sea. Based on our previous findings that about 85% of the nonionic surfactants in the country's sewage are nonbiodegradable alkylphenol-based ethoxylates, we have undertaken this study, aiming at mapping the receiving eastern Mediterranean seawater with respect to its nonionic surfactant pollution profile. The total concentrations of nonionic surfactants were found – via reverse phase HPLC determinations – to be within the range of 4.2–25.0 ppb in seawater samples taken 2–3 m off the coastline at those locations where sewage-containing streams flow into the sea. Thus, neither the existing sewage treatment facilities nor natural biodegradation processes in receiving surface water systems are capable of avoiding this coastal water pollution. The potential estrogenic health risk of such concentrations of the anthropogenic EPEOs is dependent, among other things, on their specific homological distribution, biodegradation rate (slower for those having >10 EO units) and survival.

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Sun, Yong Ming. "The Research of Inland Ship Sewage Treatment Based on Membrane Bioreactor (MBR)." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.195.

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At present, the sewage of China’s inland waterway vessels was mostly discharged directly without any treatment, therefore, the inland water pollution is increasingly serious. How to deal with the sewage of inland river steamer in an effective way has become one of the most urgent problems to be solved regarding the inland water environment protection. In this paper, with comparative studies, using the membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology, we have designed and developed the ship sewage treatment device, which is small in size, high efficiency, no secondary pollution and suit for 8 people to use. This provides an effective solution t sewage treatment for our country’s inland waterway vessels.

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Zhong, Wei, Xiao Yu Ma, and Jin Xu. "Research on the Environmental Influence of Temporal and Spatial Variation of Point Pollution Source for River Section." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 903–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.903.

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Land-based source of pollution is one of the main causes of pollution in the Bohai sea coastal waters, and drainage channel is the main contributor of Land-based source of pollution. Based on principal component analysis method for analysis of single factor evaluation method, selection principles for putting Tianjin Dagu river sewage pollution source location and determined the sample point, research history data and field monitoring of sewage and poisonous and harmful substances, determine a list of priority control pollutants and point pollution sources; Some corresponding land-based source of pollution control method and pollution prevention and control strategies was put forward in the paper.

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Schilling, W., and D. T. Kollatsch. "Reduction of Combined Sewer Overflow Pollution Loads by Detention of Sanitary Sewage." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 10-11 (October 1, 1990): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0306.

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For mixed combined/separate sewer systems it is proposed, in times of combined sewage overflows (CSO), to store sanitary sewage at the inlet point to the combined system. Thereby, sanitary sewage (with high strength) is kept in the system for further treatment after the storm whereas less-polluted CSO are diverted to the receiving water. By using data of an existing catchment different scenarios are evaluated and the potential benefit of sanitary sewage detention is quantified. This approach is compared to current German CSO regulations. It is more effective than conventional CSO detention if more than 60 % of the population upstream of the CSO diversion are served by a separate system. A key problem of this concept is the control strategy that determines when to activate and empty the storage tanks. A number of criteria are compared. Considerations are also made on operational aspects such as chemical transformations in stored sewage, maximum allowable detention time, and cleansing of storage tanks.

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Dashore, Shubham, and Aaditya Shrivastava. "Design and Analysis of Sewage Treatment Plant with Sequential Batch Reactor for an Educational Institute." YMER Digital 21, no. 08 (August 11, 2022): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.08/38.

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One of major source of wastewater are educational institutions. Educational institutions do not have proper treatment unit for treatingthe sewage created by it. The raw institutional wastewater contains various toxic organic and inorganic compounds, chemicals, pathogenicmicroorganisms etc. If they are released into the environment without any treatment, our natural water bodies will be severely affected by them. As we cannot deny the contribution of educational institutes, industries and agricultural practices in our life, we must find a solutionto minimize the pollution. For this, the wastewater must be treated before releasing into the environment. Sewage treatment is a process that removes unusual contaminants from wastewater and brings back it to the environment for reuse. Our institute BIT Durg also generates both domestic and laboratory wastewaters which is directly going to the municipal sewerage system.With a view to treat and recover water from the sewage, here we arediscussing about constructing a STP Based on SBR concept for its sewage. Keywords: Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR), Sewage treatment plant , STAAD-Pro analysis

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