Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sewage networks

Academic literature on the topic 'Sewage networks'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 8 June 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Journal articles on the topic "Sewage networks":

1

Starzec, Mariusz. "The impact of construction of piling partitions on the retention efficiency of a sewerage network." E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500087.

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The aim of the article is to determine the impact of the structural solution of piling partitions of an innovative retention canals on the hydraulic conditions of its functioning in a specific sewerage network. Three types and different variants for controlling the operation of piling partitions were analyzed. The research shows that the construction of piling partitions has a significant impact on the achieved reduction rate of sewage outflow from the analyzed sewerage network. In addition, the construction of piling partitions also determines the volume of sewage that can be restored in sewer networks. The most tangible effects were observed when the partitions were made in the system (1), i.e. they had drainage holes of an adjustable geometry. In this example, a reduction in the peak sewage outflow from the sewage network to a value of only 531.36 dm3/s was observed, which corresponds to the value of the wastewater reduction coefficient β = 0.34. What is worth emphasizing, with the other methods of functioning of piling partitions, small values of the wastewater reduction coefficient were also obtained successively for the system (2) β = 0.35, while for the system (3) β = 0.43. On the basis of the tests carried out, it was also found that the authoritative time for dimensioning the sewerage network equipped with piling partitions always takes values higher than the reliable time for dimensioning a traditional sewerage network
2

Chung, Gunhui, and Won Soo Ohk. "Development of the Urban Water Balance Model by Linking Water Distribution and Sewer Networks." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 20, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2020.20.6.369.

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Due to urban overcrowding, the population density of residential areas and water use per unit are increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to study the flow of water supplied to cities and to improve the healthy circulation of urban water. This study used Modelica, a non-causal analytical program. Using Open Modelica, the researchers constructed a model linking water distribution and sewerage, as the basis of a balanced urban water model. Using the programmer's toolkit provided by EPA-NET and EPA-SWMM, which are commonly used to simulate the existing water supply and sewage pipe networks, Open Modelica-based water distribution networks and sewage pipe networks can be connected and simulated based on the customer block. A model was built so that 90% of the hourly water consumption supplied to the water supply pipe network can be automatically introduced into the sewage pipe network. If a matching table is constructed to connect the nodes of the water supply pipe network and the sewer pipe network, the nodes will reflect in the graphical user interface (GUI) developed in Open Modelica. It was developed to enable modification of links, pumps, tanks, and valves. The 48-hour water supply was simulated using the developed model, and it was confirmed that water supply and sewage networks were successfully connected. In the future, we plan to develop a more expanded and realistic urban water circulation model by considering additional urban water circulation factors, such as sewage treatment, water reuse, rainwater use, storm runoff, and low-impact development facilities. Through this study, it was confirmed that Modelica can simulate changes in the system over time. Since it is a formula-based non-causal simulation language, it is possible to establish and reuse relationships between blocks through block-by-block development of urban water circulation elements. It is expected to contribute to the visualization and concretization of future urban water circulation models.
3

Li, Likai, Yiwei Li, Ping Song, Bingjie Fang, Haibo Xia, Yeyuan Xiao, Lu Ma, Yue Guo, Zhongrui Bai, and Jiawen Wang. "Evaluation of Groundwater Infiltration in Sewer Networks Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy." Water 15, no. 19 (September 23, 2023): 3339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15193339.

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Diagnosing water infiltration is imperative to assess the integrity and operation performance of sewer networks, which is challenging and costly due to the complex nature of these networks. This study proposes a simple approach to evaluate the extent of groundwater infiltration via a fluorescence spectroscopy method, i.e., the identification and quantification of the fluorescent signature components of the dissolved organic matter sewage. A newly built sewer network in Shantou, Southern China, was selected for the case study, and a mass balance method based on water quality characteristic factors (total phosphorus and NH4+-N) was applied in parallel for comparison. The results showed that the mass balance method was substantially influenced by fluctuations in sewage and external water concentrations, rendering it unreliable due to the extensive data and calculations required. Conversely, three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix–parallel factor analysis enabled the identification of terrestrial humus compounds as the signatures of underground water sources. The estimation indicates that the groundwater proportion across the four surveyed inspection wells along the pipeline network ranged from 10.8 ± 2.5% to 9.6 ± 3.5%, conforming to the allowable groundwater infiltration limits set for municipal sewage pipelines (10–15%). This study presents a simple method for the in-depth analysis of groundwater infiltration in urban sewage networks, providing valuable insights into maintaining water quality and network integrity.
4

Rojek, Izabela, and Jan Studzinski. "Detection and Localization of Water Leaks in Water Nets Supported by an ICT System with Artificial Intelligence Methods as a Way Forward for Smart Cities." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 19, 2019): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020518.

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The last decade has seen the development of complex IT systems to support city management, i.e., the creation of so-called intelligent cities. These systems include modules dedicated to particular branches of municipal economy, such as urban transport, heating systems, energy systems, telecommunications, and finally water and sewage management. In turn, with regard to the latter branch, IT systems supporting the management of water supply and sewage networks and sewage treatment plants are being developed. This paper deals with the system concerning the urban water supply network, and in particular, with the subsystem for detecting and locating leakages on the water supply network, including so-called hidden leakages. These leaks cause the greatest water losses in networks, especially in old ones, with a very diverse age and material structure. In the proposed concept of the subsystem consisting of a GIS (Geographical Information System), SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system and hydraulic model of the water supply network, an algorithm of leak detection and location based on the neural networks’ MLP (multi-layer perceptron) and Kohonen was developed. The algorithm has been tested on the hydraulic models of several municipal water supply networks.
5

Вовк, Леся, Вадим Орел, and Оксана Мацієвська. "КОРОЗІЯ БЕТОННИХ КАНАЛІЗАЦІЙНИХ КОЛЕКТОРІВ НА ПРИКЛАДІ М. ЛЬВІВ." European Science, sge16-03 (January 30, 2020): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30890/2709-2313.2023-16-03-025.

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The presented materials describe the technical condition of sewage networks in Ukraine for 2021. The reasons for malfunctioning of sewage networks are outlined. The mechanism of concrete corrosion of sewage collectors is described. On the basis of a visua
6

Piasecki, Adam. "Water and Sewage Management Issues in Rural Poland." Water 11, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030625.

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Water and sewage management in Poland has systematically been transformed in terms of quality and quantity since the 1990s. Currently, the most important problem in this matter is posed by areas where buildings are spread out across rural areas. The present work aims to analyse the process of changes and the current state of water and sewage management in rural areas of Poland. The author intended to present the issues in their broader context, paying attention to local specificity as well as natural and economic conditions. The analysis led to the conclusion that there have been significant positive changes in water and sewage infrastructure in rural Poland. A several-fold increase in the length of sewage and water supply networks and number of sewage treatment plants was identified. There has been an increase in the use of water and treated sewage, while raw sewage has been minimised. Tap-water quality and wastewater treatment standards have improved. At the same time, areas requiring further improvement—primarily wastewater management—were indicated. It was identified that having only 42% of the rural population connected to a collective sewerage system is unsatisfactory. All the more so, in light of the fact that more than twice as many consumers are connected to the water supply network (85%). The major ecological threat that closed-system septic sewage tanks pose is highlighted. It is pointed out that they are mainly being replaced by household wastewater treatment systems with ineffective filtering drainage. Furthermore, recommendations were also made for the future development of selected aspects of water and sewage management, including the legal and the political.
7

Rajaram, Kanchana, T. T. Mirnalinee, and V. S. Felix Enigo. "IoT Based System for Sewage Overflow Prevention using Heterogeneous Communication Networks." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 20, no. 1 (January 23, 2023): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw230005.

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The increasing population along with water scarcity give rise to water management practices. Water scarcity can be eradicated by wastewater treatment that would in turn prevent contamination of water bodies. One of the challenges in wastewater treatment is to efficiently transport and treat the sewage in a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). Most of the existing STPs in closed campuses of Indian scenarios such as academic institutions, industries, and residential apartments employ several pumping stations in a campus and pump motors in each station that pump sewage to STP for treatment. Manual operation of such motors would lead to sump overflows that negatively impact public health and sanitation. Therefore, an IoT-based system for monitoring and controlling sewage flow is proposed in this paper that uses water level sensors and prevents sewage overflows in pumping station sumps, resulting in the utilisation of all the collected sewage for treatment. Since each campus might have different communication networks such as GPRS, WiFi, RF, or Ethernet, the proposed system is designed to work with any network. The proposed system was tested in the college campus with three pumping stations. Moreover, a test bed was simulated and tested with 100 pumping stations. It is observed that the proposed approach prevents sewage overflows in various scenarios with different constraints.
8

Mohammed, Shahad R., Basim K. Nile, and Waqed H. Hassan. "Modelling Stilling Basins for Sewage Networks." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 671 (January 17, 2020): 012111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/671/1/012111.

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Orel, Vadym, Bohdan Pitsyshyn, and Yaryna Voron. "Elimination of flow rate restriction for system of storm water sewage with the help of drag-reducing polymers." Theory and Building Practice 2020, no. 2 (November 20, 2020): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2020.02.010.

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The flow-rate restriction for storm sewage network is substantiated. Possible causes of flooding of territories by storm water in the case of emergency and methods of storm waters management are considered. The article is devoted to an increase in throughput of storm sewage networks with the help of in-line storm water detention tank installed at the beginning of storm sewage network and dragreducing polymers (DRP). It is proposed to introduce DRPs in the form of solution directly into the sewage network through a storm-water inlet or through a sewer manhole. The introduction is conducted from a tank (cistern) in which there is a device for preparing an aqueous solution from the raw materials of DRP. For a square (in horizontal plane) catchment, in the case of point-type water drainage, the numerical simulation of the work of a system of storm water sewage with the help of DRP has been carried out.
10

Hussin, Marwa S. Mahdi, Mohammed Brayyich, Mustafa Al Al-Tahee, Tamarah A. Diame, Sajad Ali Zearah, Marwan Qaid Mohammed, and Salem Saleh Bafjaish. "A Framework for Strategic Planning Adaptation in Smart Cities through Recurrent Neural Networks." Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things 9, no. 2 (2023): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/jisiot.090205.

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In the Smart city environment, sustainable sewage and wastewater management planning plays a crucial role in industry development. Wastewater management is a serious issue with inadequate treatment, which reduces the smart city efficiency. Therefore, this research work concentrates on creating the Strategic Planning Adaption framework (SP-AF) using the Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). This framework intends to manage the sewage and wastewater in smart cities. The sewage-related information is continuously collected by a recurrent network that identifies and tracks the wastewater and sewage in the smart city. The SP-AF framework analyses sustainable planning and managing wastewater by understanding the waste origin. In addition, the framework has been generated by understanding the wastewater knowledge, and the required actions are carried out. Then the effectiveness of the wastewater management system efficiency is compared with the existing approaches.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sewage networks":

1

Heredia, Salgado Mario Alejandro. "Sewage sludge drying and combustion." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13409.

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Mestrado em Sistemas Energéticos Sustentáveis
A brief review of the paper pulp production process in order to understand the origin of the sewage sludge was performed. Then a general revision of the current treatment options for this type of waste was addressed. The thermal treatment by combustion was focused and a review of the state of the art of this process was performed. The high moisture content of sludge was identified as a major concern. Thus a revision of the state of the art regarding thermal drying of sewage sludge was performed. The drying behavior of sewage sludge from the pulp and paper industry was evaluated by experiment in a drying tunnel. Strong shrinkage, cracks and a weak crust phenomenon were identified. A drying kinetic model was developed by the use of Artificial Neural Networks achieving a high Pearson correlation coefficient in the validation tests. Additionally a theoretical assessment of the co-combustion process was performed having into account a 50 MWth combustion facility. The inclusion of different portions of sewage sludge in a fuel mixture and the influence of the sludge moisture content was studied. It was found that burning sewage sludge with more than 50 wt% moisture content is not possible. Furthermore the inclusion of sewage sludge in a biomass fuel mixture causes an increase in the fuel consumption, solids production and heat losses in the flue gas. Based on general thermodynamic considerations the thermal power of a sludge dryer was calculated. The use of waste heat to supply the energy needs of the drying process was addressed by the waste heat availability estimation as sensible heat and latent heat at the stack of the facility. A set of combustion experiments were done in a pilot scale bubbling fluidized bed combustor to assess the combustion efficiency by monitoring the CO2, CO, H2O and O2 levels in conjunction with the temperature profile along the reactor height. Two different types of fuel samples were prepared. One composed by 100 wt% sewage sludge (fuel sample 1) and other composed by 50 wt% sewage sludge and 50 wt% residual forest biomass (particle size <1mm) (fuel sample 2). Low CO levels were onserved especially for the fuel sample 2 which indicates a very efficient combustion process. The CO emission level established by the Portuguese law for this type of reactor was never exceeded under typical operating conditions. The temperature profile along the reactor confirms that the combustion of the fuel samples prepared occurs mainly in the freeboard zone. It was not observed agglomeration problems and the fluidization conditions were kept constant during all the experimental tests. After the combustion experiments a considerable ashes quantity were found and its particle size distribution was estimated.
Foi realizada uma revisão sucinta do processo de produção de pasta de papel, a fim de compreender a origem da lama biológica. Uma revisão geral das opções atuais de tratamento para este tipo de resíduo foi abordada. O tratamento térmico por combustão foi focalizado e uma avaliação do estado da arte deste processo foi realizada. Foi verificado que o elevado teor de humidade da lama representa uma grande preocupação. Por tanto, realizou-se uma revisão do estado da arte em relação à secagem térmica das lamas. O comportamento da lama secundaria da indústria de pasta e papel foi estudado experimentalmente em um túnel de secagem. Foram observados os fenómenos de encolhimento e rachaduras além do fenomeno de crosta, embora este último não seja muito pronunciado. Foi desenvolvido um modelo de cinética de secagem com recurso ao uso de Redes Neurais Artificiais, sendo observado um elevado coeficiente de correlação nas experiências de validação. Foi realizada uma análise teórica ao processo de co-combustão de lama com biomassa florestal numa instalação de combustão de 50MWth. Estudou-se a inclusão de diferentes fracções de lama numa mistura de combustível contendo biomassa florestal, assim como também a influência do teor de humidade da lama. Verificou-se que a combustão de lamas biológicas com mais do que 50 wt% em teor de humidade não é possível. Além disso, a inclusão destas lamas na mistura de combustível provoca um aumento do consumo de combustível na instalação, da produção de sólidos e das perdas de calor no efluente gasoso da instalação. Com base em considerações termodinâmicas foi determinada a potência térmica de um secador de lamas. A utilização do calor residual para suprir as necessidades energéticas do processo de secagem foi abordada a través da estimativa da disponibilidade de calor residual na forma de calor sensível e calor latente no efluente gasoso da instalação de combustão. Foi realizado um conjunto de experiências de combustão de lamas e sua mistura com biomassa florestal num reactor de leito fluidizado borbulhante á escala piloto para avaliar a eficiência de combustão através da concentração de CO2, CO, O2 e H2O, em conjunto com o perfil de temperaturas ao longo do reactor. Foram utilizados dois tipos diferentes de amostras de combustível, uma composta por 100 wt% de lama biológica (combustível 1), e outra composta por 50 wt% de lama biológica e 50 wt% de biomassa florestal residual (tamanho de partícula <1mm) (combustível 2). Foram observados baixos níveis de CO no efluente gasoso, emparticular para a amostra de combustível 2, o qual indica um processo de combustão muito eficiente. Para condições de operação (temperatura e estequimetria) típicas, verificou-se que o limite de emissão de CO estabelecido pela lei Portuguesa para este tipo de fornalhas não foi excedido. O perfil de temperatura ao longo do reactor confirma que a combustão das amostras de combustível preparadas ocorre principalmente na zona do freeboard. Não foram verificados problemas de aglomeração e as condições de fluidização foram mantidas constantes durante todos os ensaios experimentais. Após os ensaios de combustão foi observada uma quantidade considerável de cinzas na fornalha, tendo sido avaliada a sua distribuição granulométrica.
2

Manwaring, Howard Stephen. "The application of neural networks to anodic stripping voltammetry to improve trace metal analysis." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14150.

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This thesis describes a novel application of an artificial neural network and links together the two diverse disciplines of electroanalytical chemistry and information sciences. The artificial neural network is used to process data obtained from a Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping (DPAS) electroanalytical scan and produces as an output, predictions of lead concentration in samples where the concentration is less than 100 parts per billion. A comparative study of several post analysis processing techniques is presented, both traditional and neural. Through this it is demonstrated that by using a neural network, both the accuracy and the precision of the concentration predictions are increased by a factor of approximately two, over those obtained using a traditional, peak height calibration curve method. Statistical justification for these findings is provided Furthermore it is shown that, by post processing with a neural network, good quantitative predictions of heavy metal concentration may be made from instrument responses so poor that, if using tradition methods of calibration, the analytical scan would have had to be repeated. As part of the research the author has designed and built a complete computer controlled analytical instrument which provides output both to a graphical display and to the neural network. This instrument, which is fully described in the text, is operated via a mouse driven user interface written by the author.
3

Passuello, Ana Carolina. "Development of environmental tools for the management of sewage sludge on agricultural soils." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/31940.

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The application of sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants on agricultural soils has become an increasing practice in recent years, derived from its environmental benefits (recycling of organic matter and nutrients). However, there are a few studies regarding the risks and benefits for both the environment and the human health, probably because of the complexity of the problem and the high stakeholders’ expectations. The objective of this thesis was to develop methodological tools to support the management of sewage sludge on agricultural soils. Fate, human exposure and health risk models were developed, evaluated and integrated. Furthermore, decision models were built up and integrated into Geographic Information System (GIS) so as to indicate the best agricultural areas to amend with sewage sludge. The use of these tools provides more confident decisions regarding this practice.
La aplicación de lodos residuales de depuradora en suelos agrícolas se ha convertido en una práctica cada vez más extensa en los últimos años, derivada de sus beneficios ambientales. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios sobre los riesgos y beneficios tanto para el medio ambiente como para la salud humana, probablemente debido a la complejidad del problema y las altas expectativas de los participantes en la toma de decisiones. El objetivo de esta tesis fue desarrollar métodos para la gestión de lodos de depuradora en suelos agrícolas. Se desarrollaron, evaluaron e integraron modelos de transporte, exposición humana y riesgos para la salud. Así mismo, se construyeron modelos de decisión y se integraron en Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) para indicar las mejores zonas agrícolas donde aplicar lodos de depuradora. El uso de estas herramientas proporciona decisiones más fiables con respecto a esta práctica.
4

Leipus, Marius. "Utenos savivaldybės vandentiekio ir nuotekų šalinimo sistemų būklė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100616_092701-54339.

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Šiame magistriniame darbe yra nagrinėjama Utenos savivaldybės vandentiekio ir nuotekų šalinimo sistemų būklė. Darbo tikslas - įvertinti Utenos miesto ir rajono vandentiekio, nuotekų tinklų ir nuotekų valyklų būklę, jų efektyvumą, nustatyti, kur ir kokios šių sistemų modernizavimo priemonės yra labiausiai reikalingos. Šiame darbe pateikiamos pagrindinės Utenos savivaldybės vandentiekio ir nuotekų surinkimo ir tvarkymo sistemų problemos bei galimi jų sprendimo variantai. Nustatyta, kad išsprendus Utenos miesto ir didžiųjų gyvenviečių nuotekų valymo problemas, 70% sumažės paviršinių vandens telkinių teršimas.
This article deals with Utena municipal water supply and sewage disposal systems state. The aim of the work is to evaluate water supply and sewage treatment plant’s state in Utena city and Utena district, to evaluate their effectiveness, to identify where and how wastewater disposal systems modernization measures are most needed. The article presents the main Utena municipal sewage collection and treatment systems problems and possible solutions. The main Utenos municipality and region sewage elimination system problems are presented and also some solution versions are given.
5

Rehn, David. "Strategisk förnyelseplanering av spillvattenledningar : Med ett artificiellt neuralt nätverk som analysverktyg." Thesis, KTH, Vattendragsteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-214400.

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Sveriges kommunala spillvattenledningsnät står idag inför en enorm utmaning, då eftersattunderhåll i kombination med klimatförändringar kommer kräva stora framtida investeringaroch tidskrävande analyser. Detta examensarbete har utförts med målet att förenkla dettastundande förnyelsearbete. Som metod har en enkät utformats, och besvarats av totalt 84kommuner, med syftet att presentera en lägesbild. Vidare har ett artificiellt neuralt nätverkutvecklats, och tillämpats på data från Täby kommun, med syftet att förutspå vilkaspillvattenledningar i ett ledningsnät som har behov av förnyelse. Resultatet visar att det finns ett stort förbättringsbehov i det strategiska förnyelsearbetet.Störst behov, och potential, finns i hantering och insamling av data, där artificiella neuralanätverk kan tillämpas och utnyttjas som ett effektivt och intelligent verktyg. Det artificiellaneurala nätverket som utvecklats, och tillämpats, i detta examensarbete uppnådde en högprecision (93 %), och beräknade att Täby kommun har ca 10-20 spillvattenledningar medoupptäckt förnyelsebehov. Detta bör dock tas med viss reservation pga. bristandedatakvalitet. Avslutningsvis kan konstateras att lösningen för framtidens ledningsförnyelserelateradeproblem och utmaningar, ligger i förmågan att effektivt och intelligent samla in, struktureraoch analysera data om ledningsnäten. Artificiella neurala nätverk är ett verktyg som kanoch bör användas för detta ändamål då man, med hjälp av artificiell intelligens, kan göraprecisa analyser och skapa helhetsbilder över ledningsnät, vilket kan spara bådefinansiella, temporala och personella resurser.
Aging sewer systems and deferred maintenance pose one of the greatest challenges toSwedish municipal infrastructure in the future. This degree project has been completedwith the aim to develop a method with which to sufficiently solve these future challenges,and help decision makers to properly invest in the networks, and optimise the pipe renewalprocess. As a methodology, a survey has been created, and answered by 84representatives from various municipalities and water and waste organisations, in order topresent a deeper understanding of the current situation in Sweden. Furthermore, anartificial neural network has been developed, and trained with data from Täby municipality,with the purpose of predicting which pipes in a sewer network that need to be renewed. The results show that there is a great need for improvement in the strategic renewalplanning. The greatest need, and potential, is found in the collection and processing ofdata, where artificial neural networks can be applied as a highly efficient and intelligenttool, which is proven by the high accuracy (93 %) and strong ability to predict pipes withrenewal needs (ca 10-20 pipes for Täby municipality) that the neural network developedfor this degree project showed. It is, however, important to emphasize that the quality ofthe obtained data from Täby was relatively low, and that the results therefore has to beviewed with some skepticism. It is nevertheless reasonable to assume that artificial intelligence, and more specifically,artificial neural networks, will play an important role in tackling future challenges related tostrategic asset management and renewal planning for underground sewer infrastructure.The main solution lies in the ability to efficiently and intelligently collect, structure, andprocess data, and this is a field where artificial neural networks, as made evident by thisdegree project, certainly have abilities to flourish and contribute to savings in bothfinancial, temporal and human resources.
6

Sawadogo, Awa. "Biodétérioration des ciments Portland et sulfoalumineux dans les réseaux d’assainissement urbains." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0146.

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Les ciments traditionnels contiennent du clinker Portland qui est à l’origine de fortes émissions de gaz à effet de serre. C’est pourquoi de nouveaux ciments plus éco-respectueux, tels que les ciments sulfo-alumineux, sont actuellement développés. Cette étude s’intéresse au processus de biodégradation de deux de ces ciments (CSA B et CSA F), par comparaison à deux ciments à base de clinker Portland (CEM I et CEM III). Des pâtes de ces quatre nuances cimentaires de même porosité initiale, ainsi que des mortiers, ont été exposés sur quatre différents sites du réseau d’assainissement de l’agglomération nancéienne. Ces échantillons ont été suivis et caractérisés (propriétés physico-chimiques, minéralogie de surface) à fréquence régulière pendant 18 mois. Les conditions environnementales (température, précipitations) de l’agglomération ont également été enregistrées durant cette période. Un essai d’attaque directe à l’acide sulfurique réalisé sur les 4 nuances cimentaires a permis de détecter en majorité du gypse sur leur surface. Il ressort alors que le gypse est le produit de dégradation majoritaire obtenue autant pour les ciments au clinker Portland que pour les CSA. L’analyse des surfaces des échantillons prélevés sur les sites a mis en évidence les éléments caractéristiques des premières phases de biodétérioration : dépôt de soufre, formation de gypse et d’ettringite. La colonisation bactérienne apparaît ainsi dès les premiers mois d’exposition des échantillons sur tous les sites. Néanmoins, certains sites présentent des densités bien plus élevées, notamment lorsque les conditions environnementales saisonnières sont optimales (humidité et température), et que la présence d’H₂S favorable au développement bactérien est probable. Dans ce contexte, du soufre, puis du gypse notamment, apparaissent en surface des échantillons. Le CSA riche en fer et le moins bioréceptif, en raison apparemment de l’apparition en surface de gibbsite qui agirait comme un tampon pour inhiber la succession bactérienne
Traditional cements contain Portland clinker, which causes high greenhouse gas emissions. For this reason, new more environmentally friendly cements, such as sulpho-aluminous cements, are being developed. This study investigates the biodegradation process of two of these cements (CSA B and CSA F), in comparison with two Portland clinker-based cements (CEM I and CEM III). Pastes of these four cement grades with the same initial porosity, as well as mortars, were exposed at four different sites in the Nancy agglomeration's sewage network. These samples were monitored and characterised (physico-chemical properties, surface mineralogy) at regular intervals for 18 months. The environmental conditions (temperature, precipitation) of the agglomeration were also recorded during this period.A direct sulphuric acid attack test carried out on the 4 cement grades enabled the majority of gypsum to be detected on their surface. It was found that gypsum was the main degradation product obtained for both Portland clinker cements and CSA. The analysis of the surfaces of the samples taken from the sites revealed the characteristic elements of the first phases of biodeterioration: deposition of sulphur, formation of gypsum and ettringite. Bacterial colonisation thus appears from the first months of exposure of the samples on all sites. Nevertheless, some sites show much higher densities, especially when seasonal environmental conditions are optimal (humidity and temperature), and the presence of H₂S favourable to bacterial development is likely. In this context, sulphur and then gypsum in particular appear on the surface of the samples. The iron-rich CSA is the least bioreceptive, apparently due to the appearance of gibbsite on the surface, which acts as a buffer to inhibit bacterial succession
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Montanha, Junior Enaldo Pires. "Diagnostico da utilização de sistemas de informações geográficas na gestão de redes de água e esgoto por órgãos municipais nas mesorregiões de Araçatuba/Bauru (SP)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4311.

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The governing manegement bodies of sanation in Brazil are looking for development, mostly about infrastructure tecnology. Controling and manegement of water supply and sewage, witch are part of governing sanitation , usualy are tasks of the same body in the city, and the optimization of these services have been much discussed latly, since the informations number is big enought and its right use is excential for taking effective decisions, and consequently, saving time and money. The GIS Geographic Information System - tecnology has been used in several segments since some a time.And about sanitation is the same because mostly of the contries goverment bodies have showed already convincing results that the investments in that tecnology brings advantages with integration of the data in a smart way and easy handling but the GIS Geographic Information System - uses is not common in small cities. The target of this work is to find out, using defined parameters with field researching, the GIS Geographic Information System - uses at the manegement bodies from Araçatuba/Bauru-SP, about its utilization advantages and if there were difficulties and wich, the principal reasons of its not use and tendencies for the future.
Os órgãos gestores de saneamento no Brasil estão em busca de desenvolvimento, principalmente em termos de infraestrutura e tecnologia. O controle e o gerenciamento das redes de água e esgoto, que são partes do saneamento básico, geralmente são tarefas do mesmo órgão em uma cidade, e uma otimização nesses serviços vem sendo um assunto muito discutido, no qual o número de informações é grande e o uso correto destas é essencial para uma tomada de decisões eficazes e conseqüentemente economizar tempo e dinheiro. A tecnologia SIG Sistema de Informações Geográficas - já está sendo utilizada em diversos segmentos há algum tempo e em saneamento não é diferente, pois a maioria dos grandes órgãos gestores do país já apresenta resultados convincentes de que o investimento nessa tecnologia traz vantagens com a integração dos dados de uma forma inteligente e fácil manuseio, porém o uso de SIG ainda não é muito comum, principalmente em cidades menores de 30 mil habitantes. O objetivo deste trabalho é diagnosticar através de parâmetros definidos com pesquisas de campo, o uso do SIG Sistema de Informações Geográficas nos órgãos gestores das mesorregiões de Araçatuba/Bauru - SP, quanto a sua utilização, vantagens adquiridas, se houve dificuldades e quais foram estas, os principais motivos da ainda não utilização e as tendências de uso desta tecnologia no futuro do objeto de estudo.
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Thor, Elin. "Inläckage i spillvattenledningar i Rengsjö : En utredning baserad på ammoniummetoden." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22042.

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Denna studie handlar om en metod som används för att lokalisera inläckage av tillskottsvatten på spillvattennät. Grunden är de praktikperioder som författaren har haft hos VA-bolaget Helsinge Vatten AB och då det utförts flera försök till att utreda inläckage i spillvattenledningarna. Metoden går ut på att analysera koncentrationen av ammonium i flödet som hämtas från brunnarna ute på nätet. Analyserna sker med hjälp av en portabel spektrofotometer tillsammans med reagenskyvetter som analyserar koncentrationen på bara 15 minuter. Detta ger en indikation på hur utspätt spillvattnet är, om det är utspätt av tillskottsvatten så visar analysen ett lågt värde vilket tyder på inläckage av dagvatten, grundvatten eller dricksvatten. Denna metod är framtagen av Norrköping Vatten och Avfall som har lyckats bra med att lokalisera inläckage med metoden. Norrköping Vatten och Avfall är en stor källa till denna studie med sin rapport ”Minskning av in- och utläckage genom aktiv läcksökning”(Uusijärvi, 2013).  I rapporten redovisas de ammoniumanalyser som har gjorts med tillhörande diagram för att tydliggöra resultaten. Eftersom spillvattennät ofta hör samman med pumpstationer och reningsverk som påverkar elförbrukning har statistik tagits fram för den pumpstation som analysområdet hör samman med. Elförbrukning har jämförts med nederbördsmätning för att se om ledningsnätet är påverkat av nederbörd, eftersom pumpstationen får arbeta mer om det är tillskottsvatten i ledningarna.  För att få fram en uppskattad mängd inläckage så har en beräkning gjorts med hjälp av en mall som Norrköping vatten och avfall har tagit fram. Där används analysvärden som tyder på inläckage tillsammans med antal abonnenter, ledningssträcka och storförbrukares avlopp. Tillsammans blir det ett värde på uppskattat inläckage i liter per dygn och meter ledning(L/D/M).  I rapporten finns det tre områden som ingår i byn Rengsjö som är utredda med ammoniummetoden. I ett testområde blev resultatet inte som önskat men lärorikt för personalen. Ett område gav resultat som visar på god kvalitet av nätet med en jämförelse av torr- och regnväder. Samt ett område där ett troligt inläckage upptäckts som kommer utredas vidare under sommaren. Detta fynd kan ge stora mängder tillskottsvatten, vilket uppfyller delar av de mål som formulerats i rapporten, dvs. att hitta inläckage för att planera vidare utredning. Tillsammans med resultaten för varje område finns en omfattande diskussion där alla aspekter som påverkar de uppmätta analysvärdena tas upp.  Som slutsats konstateras ammoniummetoden som mycket framgångsrik i syfte för Helsinge Vatten att systematiskt kunna kartlägga och utreda sina spillvattennät. Det är en kostnadseffektiv och inte så resurskrävande metod som företaget själv kan använda på en lagom nivå.
This study aims to locate the intrusion of excess water in the sewage networks, analyzing the concentration of ammonium in the flow that is obtained from the wells in the network. The foundation for the work is the author’s previous attempts to investigate stormwater at the VA-company Helsinge Vatten AB. The analysis is carried out by using a portable spectrophotometer with such reagents that can measure ammonium concentration in just 15 minutes. This gives an indication of how diluted effluent is. If  it is diluted by excess water the analysis shows a low value which is indicating intrusion of possibly surface water, groundwater or drinking water. This method is developed by Norrköping vatten och avfall, who have been a major reference of this report, with their study “Minskning av in- och utläckage genom aktiv läcksökning”(Uusijärvi, 2013).  Results from the ammonium analyses have been presented with associated charts. Because the sewage networks often are associated with pumping stations and wastewater treatment plants, which effect the electricity consumption, the electricity consumption has been documented for the pump stations in the area of study. The electricity consumption increases when the pumps are working. A analysis has been made by comparing the electricity consumption and the precipitation to see if the sewage network is influenced by precipitation.  In order to obtain an estimated amount of excess water intrusion, a calculation have been made by using a template produced by Norrköping Vatten och Avfall. In the calculation, values indicating water intrusion along with the number of subscribers, management and those who discharge most wastewater have been used. Together it gives a result of estimated intrusion in liters per day and meter network (L/D/M).  In the report, three areas located in the village Rengsjö have been investigated by using this method. The first area where the outcome was not as desired, but very instructive for the staff. The second area gave results that show the good quality of the net with a comparison of dry and wet weather. And also an area where a likely intrusion is detected and will be investigated further during the summer. This finding can indicate large amounts of stormwater. Those findings compiles with parts of the objectives formulated in the report, to find the intrusion and to plan for further investigation. Together with the results for each area, include an extensive discussion in which all aspects that influence the measured analyses have been taken up.  The report shows that the ammonium method  has been proved to be successful in identifying excess water intrusion in Helsinge Vatten’s sewage networks. This method does not rely on many resources, and therefore it is suitable for companies that wish investigate excess water instruction in a cost-effective way.
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Scullin, Jerome. "Study of the Dilution of a chemical spill through tracer experiments in the Käppala Association's Sewerage Network, Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298256.

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Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play a vital role in protecting the environment from much of the waste produced by humans. This includes not only human waste, but everything that makes its way into a sewerage system including greywater, stormwater, and potentially hazardous chemicals from, inter alia, chemical spills. The effects of a chemical spill if it enters a WWTP can be disastrous, resulting in the ineffective treatment of incoming water for prolonged periods of time (Söhr, 2014). This can lead to one of the dilemmas of urban wastewater systems, notably, whether it is more damaging to allow a chemical spill to bypass a WWTP, or to attempt to treat all or some of the spill and risk damaging the microbes working in the biological treatment processes (Schütze, 2002). In order to better inform policy makers and process engineers at WWTPs of which measures to take in the event of a spill, solute transport characteristics of a specific sewerage network must be defined.  A series of tracer tests were performed along The Käppala Association’s northern sewerage network to determine these solute transport characteristics, notably the dispersion coefficient which strongly affects the level of dilution that occurs between the injection point and the inlet. A simple solute transport model, carried out in Excel, was created using the Advection-Dispersion Equation (ADE) and the Manning-Strickler equation to relate flow measurements to flow velocity. Results from the experiments show that a dispersion coefficient of 1.55m2/s appears to be applicable throughout the whole of the tunnel network. A depth dependent Manning-Strickler coefficient seems to describe the flow-velocity relationship, however, this method has not been validated. The ADE begins to lose accuracy in describing solute transport as the distance from the inlet and the number of pumping stations the plume goes through increases.
Avloppsreningsverk spelar en viktig roll för att skydda miljön från mycket av det avfall som produceras av människor. Detta inkluderar inte bara mänskligt avfall utan allt som tar sig in i ett avloppssystem, till exempel gråvatten, dagvatten och potentiellt farliga kemikalier från bland annat industriutsläpp. Effekterna av ett kemiskt utsläpp kan vara katastrofala om det kommer in i ett avloppsreningsverk, vilket resulterar i ineffektiv behandling av inkommande vatten under längre perioder (Söhr, 2014). Detta är ett dilemma i urbana avloppssystem – ska man låta ett kemiskt utsläpp ledas förbi ett avloppsreningsverk, eller försöka behandla hela eller en del av utsläppet och riskera att skada mikroberna i den biologiska reningsprocessen (Schütze, 2002). För att beslutsfattare och processingenjörer vid avloppsreningsverk ska kunna fatta rätt beslut om vilka åtgärder som ska vidtas vid utsläpp måste egenskaperna för det specifika avloppsnätet definieras.  Syftet med detta projekt är att uppskatta transportparametrar och karakterisera utspädning i nätverket genom att utföra en serie spårningsförsök i Käppalaverkets upptagningsområde. För att nå syftet fanns det flera mål som genomförts: Genomföra en litteraturstudie  Skapa en förutsägbar modell i Excel baserad på flödesdata längs Käppalaförbundets tunnelsystem Genomföra en serie spårningsförsök vid flera punkter längs tunnelsystemet  Strukturerad datalagring av resultaten så att data är lätt att hitta för framtida projekt  Metoderna kan delas i två: modellering och försök. För att skapa en modell och simulera transport av ett ämne i nätet får man definiera relevanta ekvationer. För den hydrauliska delen av modellen användes Manning-Strickler-ekvationen. Resultaten från detta användes sedan i den förenklade formen av advektion-spridningsekvationen (ADE). Tunnelsystemet uppdelades i flera sektioner med samma egenskaper såsom form och geometri, och en anpassad form av ADE användes emellan sektionerna. För att nå framgång i försöken krävdes att rätt spårämne valdes. Uranin användes i försöken på grund av sina ogiftiga och stabila egenskaper och den låga detektionsgränsen. Injiceringspunkterna låg gradvis längre bort från inloppet; Försök 1 var 9km från verket till nästan 46km vid Arlanda flygplats för Försök 3.  Resultaten från simuleringarna användes för att planera injiceringstid, start- och stopptid för provtagningen och provtagningsfrekvens. Resultatet från första försöket användes för att kalibrera modellen inför de andra försöken. Resultaten från alla försök visade att en dispersionskoefficient på 1.55m2/s, som är ett mått på utspädning i nätet, verkar tillämpligt till hela tunnelsystemet. Koefficienten kan dock vara högre i de kommunala näten. En djupberoende metod för att härleda Mannings tal formulerades, men det kräver ytterligare validering.  Från alla tre försöken kan vi härleda ett förhållande mellan avstånd från inlopp och toppkoncentration samt avstånd från inlopp och varaktigheten av genombrottskurvan. Toppkoncentration visar ett linjärt eller kanske logaritmiskt förhållande med distans, och varaktigheten av genombrottskurvan visar ett starkt linjärt förhållande. Kunskaper om detta är viktigt när man vill genomföra en riskbedömning av ett kemiskt utsläpp i upptagningsområdet eftersom det ger en insikt om hur det kan påverka den biologiska reningen i ett avloppsreningsverk.  Sammanfattningsvis fungerar den enkla formen av ADE bra, men viss avvikelse ses i experiment 3. Detta beror kanske på möjliga övergående lagringsprocesser vid pumpstationerna längs tunnelsystemet. En enda dispersionskoefficient, som är ett mått på utspädning, är tillämplig i hela huvudtunnelsystemet, men spridningen i kommunala nätverk är sannolikt högre. Ytterligare arbete behövs inom dessa kommunala nätverk för att kvantifiera deras effekter.  På grundval av resultaten från detta projekt rekommenderas ytterligare forskningsundersökningar om vad som händer med föroreningar i avloppsreningsverket. Eftersom slammet vid Käppalaverket används för biogasproduktion och är Revaq-certifierat för användning på jordbruksmark är föroreningsnivån i slammet mycket viktigt både ur produktivitets- och hälso- och säkerhetsperspektiv.
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Sikdar, Kieran Jonah. "Material Flow Optimization And Systems Analysis For Biosolids Management: A Study Of The City Of Columbus Municipal Operations." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1218074193.

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Books on the topic "Sewage networks":

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Khataee, A. R., and Masoud B. Kasiri. Artificial neural network modeling of water and wastewater treatment processes. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Hvitved-Jacobsen, Thorkild. Sewer processes: Microbial and chemical process engineering of sewer networks. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 2002.

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Khataee, A. R. Artificial neural network modeling of water and wastewater treatment processes. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Stewart, Mark B. Modelling sewerage costs 1992-93: Research into the impactof operating conditions on the costs of the sewerage network. (s.l.): Costs and Performance Division, Ofwat, 1994.

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Valiron, Franco̧is. A guide for the design and management of combined sewerage networks: State of the art. Rotterdam: Balkema, 2001.

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European, Junior Scientists Workshop (18th 2003 Almograve Portugal). Sewer networks and processes within urban water systems: Selected proceedings of the 18th European and 1st Asian Junior Scientists Workshops organised by the Sewer Systems and Processes Working Group. London: IWA Pub., 2004.

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Bertrand-Krajewski. Sewer Processes and Networks (Water Science and Technology). IWA Publishing, 2003.

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Hvitved-Jacobsen, Thorkild. Sewer Processes: Microbial and Chemical Process Engineering of Sewer Networks. CRC, 2001.

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Hvitved-Jacobsen, Thorkild. Sewer Processes: Microbial and Chemical Process Engineering of Sewer Networks. Taylor & Francis Group, 2001.

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Hvitved-Jacobsen, Thorkild. Sewer Processes: Microbial and Chemical Process Engineering of Sewer Networks. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sewage networks":

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Miyamoto, A. "Development of an Integrated Maintenance System for Deteriorating Sewage Pipe Networks." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 373–90. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3362-4_30.

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Liu, Zixin. "Numerical simulation of aerosol generation and distribution in sewage pipe networks." In Civil Engineering and Urban Research, Volume 2, 627–34. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003372417-89.

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Ullas, S., and B. Uma Maheswari. "IoT-Based Solution for Monitoring Gas Emission in Sewage Treatment Plant to Prevent Human Health Hazards." In IoT Based Control Networks and Intelligent Systems, 357–68. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6586-1_24.

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Önkal-Engin, Güleda, Ibrahim Demir, and Seref N. Engin. "e-NOSE Response Classification of Sewage Odors by Neural Networks and Fuzzy Clustering." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 648–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11539117_92.

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Teixeira, André, and Rodrigo Banha da Silva. "The Water Supply and Sewage Networks in Sixteenth Century Lisbon: Drawing the Renaissance City." In The History of Water Management in the Iberian Peninsula, 3–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34061-2_1.

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Bogdan, Lucyna, Grażyna Petriczek, and Jan Studziński. "An Approach for Planning and Analysis of the Sewage Sanitary Networks Using Some Calculation Formulas and Computer Simulation." In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Dependability and Complex Systems DepCoS-RELCOMEX. June 30 – July 4, 2014, Brunów, Poland, 103–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07013-1_10.

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Reed, R. A. "3. Designing Conventional Sewer Networks." In Sustainable Sewerage, 19–28. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780446080.003.

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Zytoon, Mohamed. "The Contribution of Water and Sewage Tankers to Traffic Noise in an Urban Environment with Incomplete Municipal Water and Sewer Networks." In Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions (3rd Edition), 629–32. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43922-3_141.

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Chen, Rongbao, Liyou Qian, Yuanxiang Zhou, and Xuanyu Li. "Develop of Specific Sewage Pretreatment and Network Monitoring System." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 110–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15859-9_16.

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Rai, R. K., and D. K. Madavi. "Optimal Design of Sewerage Networks Using Swamee Algorithm." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 397–409. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6463-5_37.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sewage networks":

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Li, Ying, and Jing Zhou. "Analysis of Beijing rural domestic sewage treatment system." In 2011 International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cecnet.2011.5769231.

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Liu, Jianwei, and Wenlin Ma. "Biotechnology for odor control from sewage treatment plants." In 2011 International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cecnet.2011.5769235.

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Li, Ying, and Jing Zhou. "Analysis of status of Beijing rural sewage treatment." In 2011 International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cecnet.2011.5769433.

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Garcia, A. S., T. Tose, L. A. Ramalho, and D. D. N. Sicari. "Wireless sensor networks Zigbee applied on sewage treatment station." In IET Conference on Wireless Sensor Systems (WSS 2012). IET, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2012.0598.

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Grau, Antoni, Yolanda Bolea, Ana-Puig Pey, Alberto Sanfeliu, and Josep Casanovas. "Sustainable technology results for sewage networks in smart cities." In 2017 Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/sustainit.2017.8379803.

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Zanetti, Ettore, David Blum, and Michael Wetter. "Control development and sizing analysis for a 5th generation district heating and cooling network using Modelica." In 15th International Modelica Conference 2023, Aachen, October 9-11. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp20423.

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5th generation district heating and cooling networks (5GDHC) are a relatively new concept. They are based on the idea that a single district loop at a ambient temperature range can be used for heating and cooling simultaneously. This paper improves on a 5GDHC called the reservoir network. The study updates the sewage heat exchanger plant model to more realistically represent seasonal changes, uses the novel pump models with variable efficiency, introduces a ground coupled district pipe model to consider the inertia of the district network and a new control strategy for storage and sewage heat exchanger was implemented. the new approach reduced operating costs, mainly due to pumping cost for storage, sewage heat exchanger plant and distribution pump, while increasing the overall robustness of the approach in different sizing conditions. Thanks to the new controller, the pumping consumption was reduced by 21% with respect to the baseline, while showing that the approach is robust against design changes such as reduction in borehole field size and increasing the sewage heat exchanger size, since the pumping energy savings become 29%. Lastly borehole field temperature stability was analyzed through a 40Y simulation.
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Dan, Zhou, and Zhao Yonghong. "Study on forming aerobic granular sludge on domestic sewage." In 2011 International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cecnet.2011.5769454.

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Baoliang, Wang, Zeng Honghu, Lei Changwen, Tang Yufang, Li Yanhong, Zhu Zhongqiang, and Liang Yanpeng. "The Study of Treating Municipal Sewage by Using Sewer Networks." In 2011 International Conference on Computer Distributed Control and Intelligent Environmental Monitoring (CDCIEM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdciem.2011.402.

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Li, Ying, and Jing Zhou. "Discussion on sewage treatment technology of rural areas in Beijing." In 2011 International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cecnet.2011.5769428.

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Junling, Niu, Liu Lei, and Zheng Binguo. "Study on the characteristics and utilization of urban sewage sludge." In 2011 International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cecnet.2011.5769440.

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