Journal articles: 'Sewage disposal'

1

Copson, Alexander G., and Mirza N. Baig. "4829923 Sewage disposal." Marine Pollution Bulletin 20, no. 10 (October 1989): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(89)90149-5.

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Copson, Alexander G., and Mirza N. Baig. "4829923 Sewage disposal." Marine Pollution Bulletin 20, no. 12 (December 1989): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(89)90410-4.

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Jia, Li. "Treatment and Disposal Technology of Surplus Sludge in Urban and Town Sewage Treatment Plant." E3S Web of Conferences 143 (2020): 02052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014302052.

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with the continuous acceleration of urban and town construction, the output of urban and town sewage is also increasing. To a great extent, this promotes the technological development and capacity expansion of urban and town sewage treatment plants. In the process of sewage treatment, a lot of sludge is inevitable. However, many urban and town sewage treatment plants pay more attention to the treatment of sewage and ignore the treatment of sludge. In this way, the sludge without proper treatment can be disposed at will. In the long run, this will not only affect the surrounding environment, but also hinder the development of social economy. Therefore, the urban and town sewage treatment plant should pay enough attention to the application of surplus sludge treatment and disposal technology. In this paper, the main problems existing in the treatment and disposal technology of surplus sludge in urban and town sewage treatment plants, and the treatment and disposal technology of surplus sludge in urban and town sewage treatment plants are both explored and analyzed, hoping to contribute to the long-term development of urban and town sewage treatment plants.

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Afifudin and M. Widyastuti. "Analysis of sanitation system and coliform number in groundwater in Wonosari District, Gunungkidul Regency, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1233, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1233/1/012053.

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Abstract Sanitation visualizes the environment’s health status, comprising housing, sewage disposal, and clean water provision. In general, sewerage can have on-site and offsite sanitation facilities. The research was conducted to characterize the sanitation system for sewage disposal, determine the water quality from biological parameters, and enumerate coliform bacteria in groundwater for every sanitation system observed in Wonosari District, Gunungkidul Regency, Indonesia. These sets of information can help detect groundwater contamination by coliform that reflects the sanitary characteristics of the sewage disposal to be further considered in sanitation management and treatment policies. The research used purposive sampling, field surveys, interviews with a questionnaire, laboratory analyses, and a descriptive-comparative design. The results showed that the sanitation system for sewage disposal at the study site consisted of individual septic tanks and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In terms of quality, the coliform counts exceeded the existing standards, with the highest presence found in groundwater downstream of improperly maintained WWTPs and substandard septic tanks close to other sources of pollutants.

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5

Hiraoka, M. "Advanced sludge thermal processes in Japan." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 8 (October 1, 1994): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0398.

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As a result of the spread of sewerage systems, the management of growing quantities of sewage sludge is becoming an urgent need. As the method of sludge management, thermal processes have mostly been applied to the treatment and disposal of sewage sludge in Japan, because of the difficulty of finding final disposal sites. This paper describes the progress of thermal processing technologies, especially focusing on drying-incineration process systems and melting-slag recycling process systems.

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Saber, M. S. M. "Prolonged Effect of Land Disposal of Human Wastes on Soil Conditions." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 7-8 (July 1, 1986): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0310.

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Land disposal of human wastes is a comprehensive issue, where a series of aspects have to be considered. Few, if any, alternatives exist to this technology. No doubt future emphasis will be on sewage farming, which should result in the cultivation of new arid land. This paper addresses the prolonged effect of land disposal of human wastes on soil properties, as well as on the dissemination of enteric pathogens. In order to assess this impact, soil samples were collected from Gabal el Asfar sewage farm in Cairo to represent sandy soils irrigated solely, by surface flooding, with decanted sewage effluent for 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45 and 60 years. Sewage farming tended to build up the soil microbial population, particularly during the first five years. In all soils, human wastes increased total bacterial counts and promoted the proliferation of the physiological groups. This population would accelerate the oxidation of organic matter to available nutrients. It also resulted in a high increase in nitrogen, phosphorus, micro-nutrients, organic carbon and raised the water holding capacity and exchangeable cations. However, the prolonged use of sewage effluent would disturb the balance of nutrients in soil, as the pH shifted towards acidity. The most interesting observation in the present work is to record that neither soluble salts nor micro-nutrients reached any injurious level. But land disposal of human wastes should be excercised with caution and if it is intended to be applied, salts, pH and nutrient elements should be checked occasionally. From the hygienic point of view, faecal E. coli, which is considered to be an indicator for enteric pathogens, gave positive results in all sewaged soils. Hence, it is recommended, from the sanitary point of view, that no crops which come in contact with sewage effluent should be cultivated in a sewage farm.

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Garber, William F. "Sewage Sludge Disposal in Southern California, U.S.A." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 10-11 (October 1, 1989): 1431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0339.

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Disposal of sewage solids resulting from wastewater treatment processes has historically been the most difficult and “unsolved” problem in the handling of water-carried wastes in Southern California. Continuing rapid growth combined with Federal laws which essentially prohibit any discharge of sludge to the ocean regardless of net effects upon the land) water and air total environment have exacerbated this problem to an almost critical state. Complex incineration processes directed at producing energy from dried sludge while minimizing negative atmospheric impacts are under construction. Their complexity has resulted in start-up problems related to the short time allowed for design and break-in by Federal Court action. Increased sludge disposal amounts are also resulting from Federal insistence upon full secondary treatment prior to ocean disposal regardless of net environmental impact. Four large facilities were examined: the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles and Orange Counties, the City of San Diego and the City of Los Angeles. Differing approaches to disposal have been chosen with landfills receiving most sludge at the present and incineration planned for most in the future. Description of the current practices with the amounts of solids to be disposed of and the current costs are outlined.

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Nagashima, Takeshi. "Sewage disposal and typhoid fever :." Annales de démographie historique 108, no. 2 (2004): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/adh.108.0105.

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9

Fijen, A. P. M., and M. G. Marsden. "Green Point Sewage Disposal Options." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 9 (May 1, 1992): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0213.

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In the winter of 1989 severe seas destabilised the 1 700 metre long marine outfall at Green Point which had been commissioned in 1985. Divers had to detach a large section of the outfall to prevent further damage occurring. This resulted in virtually untreated sewage effluent being discharged 280 metres from the rocky shoreline. Public outrage and severe criticism from the media resulted in an emotional and environmentally sensitive issue having to be handled with considerable political and professional skill to enable the determination of the most appropriate solution for Green Point. Independent consultants were appointed by the Cape Town City Council to study basically two options to rectify the situation; reinstating the marine outfall or constructing a conventional sewage treatment plant in close proximity to a densely populated coastal area. This paper discusses the marine option in detail and the advantages and disadvantages of both marine and land options as well as the public involvement and the adopted decision making process. After a comprehensive investigation had identified and explored all aspects and after the public had been fully involved and consulted, the Cape Town City council accepted the City Engineer's recommendation with a vote of 33 to 1, in favour of a new marine outfall.

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10

Sautter, Ed. "On-Site Sewage Disposal Symposium." Soil Horizons 27, no. 3 (1986): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sh1986.3.036a.

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11

Ellis, Derek. "Sewage disposal protests in Victoria." Marine Pollution Bulletin 18, no. 5 (May 1987): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(87)90453-x.

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12

Van Berg, J. J. Den. "Effects of sewage sludge disposal." Land Degradation and Development 4, no. 4 (December 1993): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3400040426.

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13

Malczewska, Beata, Bartosz Jawecki, and Sławomir Woźniak. "Zalety i wady kompostowania osadów ściekowych w porównaniu z termicznym ich spalaniem – studium przypadku." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 26, no. 1 (April 14, 2017): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2017.26.1.11.

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New challenges for the territorial government in the field of urban sewage sludge oblige to limit it storage. Sewage sludge management is one of the most difficult environmental and economic problems. Therefore, it is important to choose the right technology for the sewage sludge disposal. The purpose of this article is an evaluation of applied disposal methods on sewage treatment sludge plant and comparison of this method (sewage sludge composting) with thermal transformation of sewage sludge. Study confi rms that, in the present case, the composting of sewage sludge is the most advantageous solution.

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14

Paulsrud, Bjarne, and Kjell Terje Nedland. "Strategy for land application of sewage sludge in Norway." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 11 (December 1, 1997): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0422.

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The Norwegian public health and environmental authorities have launched a regulation for sewage sludge handling and disposal aiming at increasing the amount of sludge to be utilised on land areas. The strategy for achieving this is to secure that only high quality sludge is being offered to agriculture and green areas; the two disposal routes acceptable for land application of sludge in Norway. Most sewage treatment plants have experienced a considerable reduction in sludge heavy metals content during the last 15-20 years and the major reason for this is believed to be the continuous control of industrial effluents discharged to the municipal sewerage system and the implementation of cleaner technologies in the industry. Health risks and odour nuisance from the sewage sludge will be almost eliminated by employing treatment processes with the main purpose of disinfection and stabilisation of the sludge.

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15

Chmielowski, Krzysztof, Piotr Bugajski, and Grzegorz B. Kaczor. "Comparative analysis of the quality of sewage discharged from selected agglomeration sewerage systems." Journal of Water and Land Development 30, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2016-0019.

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AbstractThe study provides a comparative analysis of the quality of sewage discharged from selected sewerage systems. The analyzed data were collected from 10 agglomeration sewerage systems discharging sewage into collective wastewater treatment plants (WTP). The investigated pollution indicators included BOD5, CODCr, total suspended solids and biogenic indicators such as total nitrogen and total phosphorus. These results were compared with the outcomes reported in commonly available research papers on sewage disposal. Considering the concentration of individual pollution indicators, more detailed categories of sewage pollution were adopted in this work. The sewage was divided into five basic groups: I – highly concentrated, II – concentrated, III – moderately concentrated, IV – diluted, and V – highly diluted. The sewage categories accounted for the following pollution indicators: BOD5, CODCr, total suspended solids, total phosphorus and total nitrogen. Mean BOD5, CODCr and total suspended solids in raw sewage were higher than average values reported in the referenced literature. Contrary to that, concentration of total phosphorus in raw sewage was significantly lower than reported by other authors. The outcomes of this study suggest that the predictions concerning pollution degree of raw sewage made at WTP design stage should not be based exclusively on general values provided in literature reports.

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16

Iurchenko, Valentina, Elena Lebedeva, and Elena Brigada. "Environmental Safety of the Sewage Disposal by the Sewerage Pipelines." Procedia Engineering 134 (2016): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.01.058.

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17

Ouai, Aissa. "Rehabilitation of existing building structure in expansive soils: A case study in Laghouat, Algeria." Journal of Building Materials and Structures 4, no. 1 (August 27, 2017): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34118/jbms.v4i1.27.

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This work presents results obtained from a case study conducted on M’kam neighborhood (600 housing social city) in Laghouat, Algeria. The bloc (J) in this location, suffering from damages that are attributed to the expansive clayey soil interaction with sewage disposal under foundations was the subject of rehabilitation in this study.The principal causes of observed structural damages were studied through diagnostic expertise (inspection-evaluation process) of the cracks and sewage disposal system of bloc (J). The results of this diagnostic investigation show that the main damages were mainly due to swelling of soil in presence of losses from sewage disposal. Remedial actions were suggested to revise and repair all the sewage disposal system and strengthen the foundations of the building to avoid further damages.

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18

Rizzardini, Claudia, and Daniele Goi. "Sustainability of Domestic Sewage Sludge Disposal." Sustainability 6, no. 5 (April 25, 2014): 2424–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su6052424.

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19

Ellis, Derek. "Sewage disposal on the West coast." Marine Pollution Bulletin 20, no. 9 (September 1989): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(89)90051-9.

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20

Cavalcanti, Luciano Pamplona de Góes, and Artur Timerman. "Sewage disposal and arboviruses in Brazil." Revista da Rede de Enfermagem do Nordeste 17, no. 5 (November 30, 2016): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.2016000500001.

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21

Heap, J. "The Marine disposal of sewage sludge." Ocean and Shoreline Management 16, no. 3-4 (1991): 291–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90009-q.

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22

Mastrović, M. I., and G. D. Šilović. "Wastewater Disposal in the Rijeka Region." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0080.

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This paper emphasizes the need for detailed analysis of wastewaters and their impact on the environment in physical plans for urban/tourist coastal areas, as a significant contribution to environmentally sound development, especially the development of tourism in these areas. The paper describes an analysis of this kind, prepared as part of the Regional Physical Plan for the Rijeka Region to the Year 2000. (The Rijeka Region is a major part of the Yugoslav Upper Adriatic.) The existing situation regarding sewerage systems, sewage treatment methods and disposal methods of the communes of the Region is presented. The quantities of wastewaters generated by the residential and tourist populations and by industry are given (by sub-regions) as calculated in 1981 and as estimated for the year 2000. A survey was made of the impact of wastewater on receiving rivers and coastal waters, and the quality of the receiving waters is given, in grades as compared with those prescribed by the Yugoslav legal regulations. Based on urban development concepts, and on the estimated wastewater quantities, alternative forecasts are made of the future impact of wastewater on coastal waters. General guidelines are presented for the provision of adequate sewage disposal facilities in order to achieve the optimum situation.

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23

Ashwini, L. K. "Sewage sludge: Potential use and various testing on concrete." i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering 14, no. 1 (2024): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jce.14.1.20857.

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The mitigation of sewage sludge is quite challenging, as the general method of disposal of sludge after being treated at the waste water treatment plant is landfilling, which makes land unfit for either agricultural or commercial growth. The disposal of sewage sludge in India presents significant environmental challenges due to increasing urbanization and limited land availability. Understanding the potential use of sewage sludge as a construction material has been verified to be the best method of recycling and environmental protection. The possible use of sewage sludge in civil engineering firms is discussed in this paper, along with the various testing methods. Carefully treated sewage sludge is proven to be an effective material, either as a replacement for cement or aggregates in construction. This paper indicates that sewage sludge can be effectively utilized as a raw material in concrete, contributing to resource conservation and environmental sustainability. It supports the feasibility of using sewage sludge in various construction applications, such as eco-cement, bricks, and lightweight aggregates, offering an eco-friendly solution to sewage sludge disposal.

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Ermolin, Yuri A. "Practice of Automated Control in Urban Wastewater Transport System of Moscow." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 5-6 (March 1, 1993): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0502.

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Control of the ramified head-and-gravity wastewater disposal system of Moscow is considered with respect to the possibility of redistributing flows of sewage between structural components through underground hydraulic connections (sewers). It is supposed that the sewerage pumping stations of a network are characterized by various consumptions of electric power for pumping a unit volume of sewage (specific consumption). Analysis is limited by the subsystem of transportation of the sewage (sewerage network). Controlling the network is reduced to the purposeful redistribution of the sewage flows between the sewers and pumping stations. The control criterion is the minimizing of total consumption of the electric power by all of the pumping stations of the network. Restrictions in control are the carrying capacities of the structural components. The control algorithm is adapted to the use of computer facilities.

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He, Bifan, and Guangjin Wang. "Is ceramsite the last straw for sewage sludge disposal: a review of sewage sludge disposal by producing ceramsite in China." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.223.

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Abstract With the rapid development of urbanization, the amount of urban sewage treatment is increasing. Waste activated sludge (WAS) is a by-product of sewage treatment, and its output is increasing year by year. How to properly handle WAS is related to the sustainable development of the sewage treatment industry. The production of ceramsite from WAS is an effective way to realize the utilization of sludge. This paper comprehensively describes the use of WAS as raw material, adding clay, cement, glass powder, shale, coal gangue, river sediment, pulverized fly ash and other auxiliary materials (AM) to produce sintered sewage sludge ceramsite and non-sintered sludge ceramsite. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the process of making ceramsite from WAS. The research points out the development prospect of ceramsite from WAS.

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Vale, Gabrielle Brito do, Humberto Carlos Ruggeri Junior, and Paulo Sérgio Scalize. "Service and precariousness of sanitary sewage in rural communities in the state of Goiás, Brazil." Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental 27, no. 6 (November 2022): 1067–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-415220220160.

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ABSTRACT The rate of attendance to sanitary sewage services is low in rural communities, representing precarious sanitation conditions with dumping in rudimentary cesspools or in the open. Knowledge of the fractions of effluents generated and the places where they are released is important, since inadequate disposal generates public health problems and negatively impacts the environment. In this way, the objective of this work was to identify the amounts of effluent fractions generated and the deficit of sanitary sewage in rural communities in the state of Goiás. The study area included 97 rural communities, from which data were collected regarding the existence of bathrooms, alternatives and disposal sites for domestic sewage fractions, such as feces separated from urine. The results indicated an absence of a bathroom in 6.6% of the analyzed rural households, being in 2.5 and 18.2% in the households of the settlements and quilombolas, respectively, highlighting in the latter the occurrence of disposal in the open or stream in 13.7%. There was a predominant use of rudimentary cesspools to receive sewage and fecal water, while gray water from the kitchen sink and washing tanks are mainly disposed in the backyard, representing the greatest deficit in the communities. Thus, in most of the studied households there is a deficit due to lack of service, due to the release of untreated effluents into ditches/open air, mainly for gray water, and precarious service due to the unsafe disposal of treated effluents or the use of rudimentary cesspools. Few alternative technologies were found for the treatment of effluents, with ecological pit, biodigester and Tapiocanga stone pit being identified. It was concluded that the deficit of sewage in the households of the studied communities is high, due to the release of effluents without treatment and the use of rudimentary cesspools, characterized as lack of service and precarious service, respectively, observed in 84.6% of households.

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Gupta, Shreya, S. K. Singh, and Vishal Gandhi. "A study on Sewage Treatment and Disposal in Delhi." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 6, no. 2 (2018): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.621803.

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Delhi, which is the capital of India and also the fastest growing metropolitan city, does not have adequate sewage treatment and disposal infrastructure. In most of the cases wastewater is let out untreated and it either seeps into the ground as a potential pollutant of groundwater or is discharged into the natural drainage system causing pollution in downstream areas. Wastewater needs to be conveyed to sewage treatment plants for treatment and treated sewage must meet the aesthetic standards of ambient environment for receiving water bodies. This paper gives an overview on sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Delhi, focusing majorly on the Okhla wastewater plants. The total treatment capacity of STPs in Delhi, was mapped against the total sewage generation and hence the gap between the two was found. This information will be very useful for further allocation of STPs and also for safeguarding the health of people and Environment

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Wang, Gong, Jun Jie Guo, Yan Ling He, and Hong Feng Du. "Based on the Content of the Wastewater Treatment Network Monitor System Research." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1121.

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Combined with sewage disposal characteristics and content networking technology, Constructing the relatively flexible structure, the price is relatively cheap,reliable performance of sewage treatment monitoring system. Improve the sewage disposal automation and informationization level and the ability of the key sources of pollution monitoring and environmental incident coping,The environmental protection,energy saving and emission reduction is of great significance.

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Hahn, Hermann H. "Regional Sludge Treatment and Disposal Optimizing Reliability and Cost." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 5-6 (May 1, 1987): 847–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0263.

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Sewage sludge is the consequence of successful wastewater treatment. With the increasing number of wastewater treatment facilities and increasing intensity of treatment the amount of sludge produced will grow. The task of sludge treatment and disposal will therefore assume a significant place in environmental quality control. Sewage sludge is considered both a valuable resource possibly for agriculture, and a waste material which must be disposed of safely. Thus, regional solutions must be aimed for if available sites for agricultural application or a limited number of disposal sites are to be used wisely. Technically and economically feasible alternatives of treatment (and disposal) are numerous. The selection process to be discussed in this paper is a minimization of overall cost and/or an optimization of process reliability and cost. There exist proven mathematical tools for the solution of such optimization problems; in this instance dynamic programming routines have been utilized. The applicability of these methods, as well as their limits, are shown in a practical case study.

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Zhang, Wei, and Jun Zhang. "Research on Evaluation Model of Sludge Disposal Method in Sewage Plant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.501.

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In view of the selection problem of sludge disposal method in the process of sewage treatment, this paper presents main influence factors on sludge disposal method in municipal sewage treatment works and establishes the comprehensive evaluation decision model of sludge disposal method. Using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to analyze and evaluate sludge disposal method, the relative weights of the influencing factors are determined and the optimal sludge disposal method is obtained. The establishment of this evaluation decision model can provide a scientific basis for the reasonable selection of sludge disposal method.

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Steinle, Eberhard. "Sludge Treatment and Disposal Systems for Rural Areas in Germany." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 9 (May 1, 1993): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0190.

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First an overview of the systems currently in use and being discussed for sludge treatment is presented will) particular emphasis on distinguishing between the object of the system (conditioning objective of the various phases in the system) and a system concept (concept of various phases of the system in sequence to attain the disposal objective). More detailed information is given as to the salient systems as used with smaller sewage treatment plants in rural areas, such as digestion, dewatering, hygienization, composting and thermal drying. A further item of discussion is how sludge treatment influences the sewage treatment process. For the critical emissions (nitrogen, phosphorus) demanded in Germany, and thus for the degree of sewage treatment required, the load of the sewage treatment system resulting from sludge treatment needs to be taken into account. Accordingly, operation of sludge treatment and sewage purification must always be harmonized. The extent of these return loads also limits the spatial centralization of the system phases; this applies in particular to smaller sewage treatment plants in rural areas. In conclusion, an attempt is made to present a perspective for the agricultural utilization of such sludge in Germany. Since the critical values for emissions have been further tightened by new regulations, thus considerably elevating the associated sophistication of monitoring techniques, it is to be expected that the use of sewage sludge in agriculture will also be further reduced in rural areas, especially since public awareness of emission control has considerably reduced the acceptance of sewage sludge as fertilizer.

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Yu, Hang, Jing Feng Bai, Xin Hai Wang, and Hong Xin Zhao. "Research of Sewage Marine Discharge Diffusion Effect under Deep Water." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 1027–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1027.

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The sewage diffusion effect under deep water was carried out between different diffuser design parameters based on the hydraulic model test, and Huizhou Dayawan sewage marine disposal project was taken as an example. The experimental results show that the design parameters are significant for sewage diffusion at the near field. For Dayawan project, jet angle was controlled to be 20 degree, and horizontal angle was controlled to be 90 degree. It not only can ensure that sewage fully diluted mixed, also can avoid the premature convergence and sewage lifting. It is feasible for selecting large angle nozzle under deep water and there are some technical bases have been provided for other sewage marine disposal project.

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M. Fat’hi, Ahmed, and Ahmed H. Ali. "EFFECT OF ADSORPTION CONDITIONS ON THE REMOVAL OF LEAD (II) USING SEWAGE SLUDGE AS ADSORBENT MATERIAL." Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 26, no. 3 (May 1, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.26.3.1.

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The introduction of more stringent legislation limiting the disposal and use of sewage sludge, combined with an increase in its production and the loss of previously recognized disposal routes, has sparked a search for alternate applications for sewage sludge. The conversion of sludge into adsorbents is one of the promising technologies give a more stable treatment of sludge. In a batch mode adsorption, adsorbent created by recycling sewage sludge was employed as a sustainable and low-cost material to remove pb (II) ions from manufactured polluted aqueous solutions. A laboratory test was done to determine the influence of a variety of operational parameters on Pb (II) adsorption, including the acidic function (pH), absorbent dosage, agitation speed, agitation period, and initial concentration at room temperature. The maximum removal efficiency was 88.2 % at optimum factors pH=4, agitation time =250 rpm, agitation time=180 min, adsorbent dose=1.5 g and initial concentration=50 (mg/l). In this way sewage sludge, which pollutes the environment and is costly to treat, may be disposed of in a useful and economic way to achieve the lowest pb (II) concentration level.

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Johnston, P. A., M. MacGarvin, R. L. Stringer, S. Troendle, and R. J. Swindlehurst. "Sewage: Towards Realistic Environmental Protection." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 5-6 (March 1, 1993): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0525.

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The disposal of sewage into aquatic systems is attracting increasing regulation at the European Community level. Initially, pollution control strategies focussed on the protection of rivers and inland waters from excessive oxygen demand loading. This has led to an increasing use of marine waters for the disposal of sewage effluents and sludges. The bacteriological hazards associated with these practices are now well understood and have led in turn to restrictions on such disposal activities. This problem is illustrated with data from Venice Lagoon showing extreme bacterial contamination. A less commonly appreciated problem relates to the chemical contamination of sewage from both household and industrial chemicals. Results from analyses of a variety of sewage effluents are presented in this paper and the implications of the inventory of chemicals found are discussed.

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Lo, Irene M. C., W. W. Zhou, and K. M. Lee. "Geotechnical characterization of dewatered sewage sludge for landfill disposal." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, no. 5 (October 1, 2002): 1139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t02-058.

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The disposal of increased quantities of dewatered sewage sludge to landfills may cause geoenvironmental problems such as leachability, total and differential settlement, and slope stability of the waste during disposal. This study investigates the geotechnical properties of the dewatered sewage sludge generated from chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) in Hong Kong. Compaction test results show that CEPT sludge exhibits compaction characteristics similar to those of clayey soils; however, the lowest hydraulic conductivity of CEPT sludge does not occur near the wet side of its optimum water content. The consolidation behavior of CEPT sludge does not follow the conventional Terzaghi's theory. Under an overburden pressure higher than 24 kPa, the relationship between the logarithm of the hydraulic conductivity (logk) and the void ratio (e) is linear. Results from direct shear tests reveal that, for CEPT sludge, slopes of 20° can probably be constructed during the landfill operation without causing sliding problems. Compared with the disposal of pure CEPT sludge, the co-disposal of dewatered sewage sludge with other solid wastes commonly found in Hong Kong results in lower compressibility, smaller settlement, but higher hydraulic conductivity.Key words: co-disposal, geotechnical properties, landfill disposal, sewage sludge.

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WIECZOREK, MAGDALENA, ARLETA KRZYSZTOSZEK, and AGNIESZKA WITEK. "Species-Specific Identification of Human Adenoviruses in Sewage." Polish Journal of Microbiology 64, no. 1 (2015): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2015-003.

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Human adenovirus (HAdV) diversity in sewage was assessed by species-specific molecular methods. Samples of raw sewage were collected in 14 sewage disposal systems from January to December 2011, in Poland. HAdVs were detected in 92.1% of the analysed sewage samples and was significantly higher at cities of over 100 000 inhabitants. HAdV DNA was detected in sewage during all seasons. The most abundant species identified were HAdV-F (average 89.6%) and -A (average 19.6%), which are associated with intestine infections. Adenoviruses from B species were not detected. The result of the present study demonstrate that human adenoviruses are consistently present in sewage in Poland, demonstrating the importance of an adequate treatment before the disposal in the environment. Multiple HAdV species identified in raw sewage provide new information about HAdV circulation in the Polish population.

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Tyler, Paul A. "Disposal in the deep sea: analogue of nature or faux ami?" Environmental Conservation 30, no. 1 (March 2003): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290300002x.

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The deep sea is the world's largest ecosystem by volume and is assumed to have a high assimilative capacity. Natural events, such as the sinking of surface plant and animal material to the seabed, sediment slides, benthic storms and hydrothermal vents can contribute vast amounts of material, both organic and inorganic, to the deep ocean. In the past the deep sea has been used as a repository for sewage, dredge spoil and radioactive waste. In addition, there has been interest in the disposal of large man-made objects and, more recently, the disposal of industrially-produced carbon dioxide. Some of the materials disposed of in the deep sea may have natural analogues. This review examines natural processes in the deep sea including the vertical flux of organic material, turbidity currents and benthic storms, natural gas emissions, hydrothermal vents, natural radionuclides and rocky substrata, and compares them with anthropogenic input including sewage disposal, dredge spoil, carbon dioxide disposal, chemical contamination and the disposal of radioactive waste, wrecks and rigs. The comparison shows what are true analogues and what are false friends. Knowledge of the deep sea is fragmentary and much more needs to be known about this large, biologically-diverse system before any further consideration is given to its use in the disposal of waste.

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Schrale, G., R. Boardman, and M. J. Blaskett. "Investigating Land Based Disposal of Bolivar Reclaimed Water, South Australia." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0022.

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The Bolivar Sewage Treatment Works (STW) processes the urban and industrial sewage from the northern and eastern suburbs of Adelaide. The treatment capacity is equivalent to the sewage production of 1.1 million people. The disposal of more than 40 000 ML of reclaimed water into the sea has caused a progressive degradation of about 950 ha of seagrass beds which threatens the sustainability of the fisheries and marine ecosystems of Gulf St. Vincent. The current practice will no longer be viable to achieve compliance with the SA Marine Environment Protection Act, 1990. A Inter-Departmental Working Party recommmended that the Bolivar reclaimed water be disposed by irrigation of suitable land on the coastal plains north of Adelaide. They proposed the construction of two pipelines: a 12 km long pipeline to extend the distribution of reclaimed water in the most intense portion of the 3 500 hectares of irrigated horticulture on the Northern Adelaide Plains, and a second, 18 km long pipeline to deliver the remainder to a more northerly site for irrigation of an estimated 4 000 hectares of hardwood plantations. The paper summarizes the findings as they relate to public health, environmental, technical and financial aspects of land based disposal. Land based disposal would completely eliminate the marine degradation and also arrest the over-use of the NAP underground water resources for horticulture. The total net costs over thirty years for land based disposal are about $ 21.8 million. The ‘horticultural' pipeline of the land based disposal scheme is expected to be commercially viable. A shortfall in revenue from the afforestation component is expected and may need to be considered as an environmental cost of ceasing marine disposal.

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Capodaglio, Andrea G. "INTEGRAL CONTROL REQUIREMENTS FOR SEWERAGE SYSTEMS." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0014.

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Sewerage systems and sewage treatment plants are often planned, designed and operated as totally separate entities. As a result, sewage treatment efficiency is subject to considerable variability, depending both on general hydrologic conditions in the urban watershed (wet versus dry periods), and on specific “instantaneous” operating conditions. It has been postulated that the integration of design and operation in urban drainage and wastewater treatment could allow minimization of the harmful effects of discharges from treatment plants, combined sewer overflows and surface runoff. This “ideal condition” can be achieved through the introduction of so-called “Real-Time Control” technology in sewerage collection and treatment operations. This paper examines the requirements of a hypothetical integrated sewer flow and sewage treatment model, the mathematical tools used to design and operate Real-Time Control systems, and the issues emerging from an integration of the conveyance and disposal aspects of the sewerage cycle.

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Yu, Hang, Jing Feng Bai, and Xin Hai Wang. "Research on Sewage Discharge Effect Simulation in Cao Fei-Dian SCIP." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 1411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1411.

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The sewage diffusion is an environmental material for protecting marine environment. It plays an important role in port engineering. Its effect under deep water was carried out between different diffuser design parameters based on the hydraulic model test, and Cao Fei-dian SCIP sewage marine disposal project was taken as an example. For this project, jet angle was controlled to be 0 degree, and horizontal angle was controlled to be 0 degree. It not only can ensure that sewage fully diluted mixed, also can avoid the premature convergence and sewage lifting. It is feasible for selecting large angle nozzle under deep water and there are some technical bases have been provided for other sewage marine disposal project.

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Yu, Hang. "Research on Diffusion Effect of Sewage Marine Discharge from Different Angles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.551.

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The sewage diffusion is an environmental material for protecting marine environment. It plays an important role in port engineering. Its effect under deep water was carried out between different diffuser design parameters based on the hydraulic model test, and YangKou port sewage marine disposal project phase II was taken as an example. For this project, jet angle was controlled to be 0 degree, and horizontal angle was controlled to be 0 degree. It not only can ensure that sewage fully diluted mixed, also can avoid the premature convergence and sewage lifting. It is feasible for selecting large angle nozzle under deep water and there are some technical bases have been provided for other sewage marine disposal project.

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Yu, Hang, and Jing Feng Bai. "Research on Sewage Marine Discharge Effect in Cao Fei-Dian Port." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 1108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.1108.

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The sewage diffusion is an environmental material for protecting marine environment. It plays an important role in port engineering. Its effect under deep water was carried out between different diffuser design parameters based on the hydraulic model test, and Cao Fei-dian port sewage marine disposal project was taken as an example. For South port project, jet angle was controlled to be 0 degree, and horizontal angle was controlled to be 0 degree. It not only can ensure that sewage fully diluted mixed, also can avoid the premature convergence and sewage lifting. It is feasible for selecting large angle nozzle under deep water and there are some technical bases have been provided for other sewage marine disposal project.

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Yu, Hang, and Jing Feng Bai. "Research on Sewage Marine Discharge Effect in Xian Ren-Dao Port." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2349.

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The sewage diffusion is an environmental material for protecting marine environment. It plays an important role in port engineering. Its effect under deep water was carried out between different diffuser design parameters based on the hydraulic model test, and Xian ren-dao port sewage marine disposal project was taken as an example. For South port project, jet angle was controlled to be 0 degree, and horizontal angle was controlled to be 0 degree. It not only can ensure that sewage fully diluted mixed, also can avoid the premature convergence and sewage lifting. It is feasible for selecting large angle nozzle under deep water and there are some technical bases have been provided for other sewage marine disposal project.

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Yu, Hang. "Simulation Study on Sewage Discharge Environmental Effect in Tianjin South Port." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 630–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.630.

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The sewage diffusion is an environmental material for marine environmental protecting. It plays an important role in port engineering now. Its effect under deep water was carried out between different diffuser design parameters based on the hydraulic model test, and sewage marine disposal project in Tianjin south port was taken as an example. For this project, jet angle was controlled to be 0 degree, and horizontal angle was controlled to be 45 degree. It not only can ensure that sewage fully diluted mixed, also can avoid the premature convergence and sewage lifting. It is feasible for selecting large angle nozzle under deep water and there are some technical bases have been provided for other sewage marine disposal project.

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Yu, Hang. "Research on Diffusion Effect from Different Angles of Yangkou Sewage Marine Discharge Engineering Phase I." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 3182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.3182.

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The sewage diffusion is an environmental material for protecting marine environment. It plays an important role in port engineering. Its effect under deep water was carried out between different diffuser design parameters based on the hydraulic model test, and YangKou port sewage marine disposal project phase I was taken as an example. For this project, jet angle was controlled to be 0 degree, and horizontal angle was controlled to be 0 degree. It not only can ensure that sewage fully diluted mixed, also can avoid the premature convergence and sewage lifting. It is feasible for selecting large angle nozzle under deep water and there are some technical bases have been provided for other sewage marine disposal project.

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Yu, Hang, Jing Feng Bai, Xin Hai Wang, and Hong Xin Zhao. "Research of Environmental Materials with Sewage Marine Discharge Diffusion Effect in YangKou Port." Applied Mechanics and Materials 387 (August 2013): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.387.15.

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The sewage diffusion is an environmental material for protecting marine environment. It plays an important role in port engineering. Its effect under deep water was carried out between different diffuser design parameters based on the hydraulic model test, and YangKou sewage marine disposal project was taken as an example. For YangKou project, jet angle was controlled to be 0 degree, and horizontal angle was controlled to be 0 degree. It not only can ensure that sewage fully diluted mixed, also can avoid the premature convergence and sewage lifting. It is feasible for selecting large angle nozzle under deep water and there are some technical bases have been provided for other sewage marine disposal project.

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Rosiek, Ksymena. "Directions and Challenges in the Management of Municipal Sewage Sludge in Poland in the Context of the Circular Economy." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 2, 2020): 3686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093686.

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Landfilling was the main method of sewage sludge disposal in Poland for decades. After Poland’s accession to the European Union (EU), many investments have been made into providing better access to tap water as well as to collect and treat municipal sewage. However, sewage sludge treatment has not been treated as an integral part of the implementation of wastewater management obligations. Stricter European Union regulations regarding the management of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) pose new challenges for Poland. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in the direction of the final management of municipal sewage sludge in Poland based on the analysis of strategic documents, regulations, literature, and available statistical data. The aim of the analysis was to search for directions to modify how sewage sludge is managed, given the approach promoted by the circular economy concept. The results prove that investments in wastewater treatment plants according to the EU sewage directive are not applied to the development of infrastructure that would enable the disposal of sewage sludge, which, for many years, has been stored (landfilling) or used directly in agriculture and ground reclamation. The introduction of stricter regulations in the area of sewage sludge usage and better wastewater treatment have increased the level of difficulties concerning sewage sludge management. Poland faces the challenge of defining sewage sludge management directions. The circular economy concept offers an approach that can be the basis for the creation of a new sewage sludge management strategy for Poland. The concept allows the combined goals of sewage sludge disposal and of energy and nutrients recovery to be achieved.

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Virde, Harshal, and Devendra Dohare. "A Review: Design of Sewerage Scheme and Evaluation of Proposed Treatment Plant for Saatvik Vihar Phase-Ii, Indore, (M.p.)." Current World Environment 17, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 518–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.17.3.2.

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The water-carried sewerage system has replaced the older, more basic technique of excreta disposal as the cities have grown. The infrastructure of any society's water supply and sewage system is crucial. The purpose of a sewer network is to move home or industrial waste water from a source location to a treatment facility or disposal site. The sewage system consists of a network of sewer lines that, at their nodal points, collect and discharge waste materials into a separate network of sewer lines. Since then, a lot of researchers have made contributions to this topic. As a result, an effort has been undertaken in this paper to gather data from research papers on the design of sewerage network systems. The objective of this paper is to proposed a treatment unit and design of sewerage network for Saatvik Vihar Phase-II, Indore (Madhya Pradesh), with the help of SewerGEMS software also using the process of Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) for the cleaning of wastewater of the society.

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Dong, Jin Tao, Yi De Sun, and Jin Yu Dong. "Bioremediation - A Method to Solve Problems of Petroleum Pollution." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2120.

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Processing crude oil to provide useful products generates a variety of problems. The petroleum pollution and oil spill and so on. Environmental experts are trying to use the exceptional trophic diversity of bacteria to solve problems of petroleum pollution. John Pirt of Kings College London discovered bacteria living in horse manure that can break down sewage at temperatures of 80C. He used these bacteria to develop a system for sewage disposal that alternatives these high-temperature bacteria that with bacteria that grow at 37C. Pirts system nearly eliminates the organic material in sewage sludge, leaving water and some mineral waste. The mineral waste contains heavy metal contaminants that can be isolated and either disposed of or recycled.

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FRANKS, A. L. "Hybrid Disposal Systems and Nitrogen Removal in Individual Sewage Disposal Systems." Environmental & Engineering Geoscience xxx, no. 2 (June 1, 1993): 181–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.xxx.2.181.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sewage disposal'

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