Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sewage disposal plants – Safety measures

Academic literature on the topic 'Sewage disposal plants – Safety measures'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sewage disposal plants – Safety measures"

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Chen, Xiaoling, Jianru Feng, Huaqian Mou, Zheng Liang, Tianzheng Ding, Shiyu Chen, and Feili Li. "Utilization of Indole Acetic Acid with Leucadendron rubrum and Rhododendron pulchrum for the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in the Artificial Soil Made of Municipal Sewage Sludge." Toxics 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11010043.

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The development of phytoremediation by garden plants is an effective way to deal with the dilemma of municipal sewage sludge disposal. In this study, two ornamental plants were used as phytoremediation plants to rehabilitate heavy-metal-contaminated municipal sewage sludge in field experiments, and the role of exogenous phytohormone IAA was also tested. Ornamental plants Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum (L. rubrum) and Rhododendron pulchrum (R. pulchrum) adapted well to the artificial soil made of municipal sewage sludge, and the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni were decreased by 7.29, 261, 20.2, and 11.9 mg kg−1, respectively, in the soil planted with L. rubrum, and 7.60, 308, 50.1, and 17.7 mg kg−1, respectively, in the soil planted with R. pulchrum, accounted for 11–37% of the total amounts and reached significant levels (p < 0.05), except Cd. The concentration of Pb in all parts of the two ornamental plants was increased, as well as most heavy metals in L. rubrum root. As a result, three months after transplant, the phyto-extraction amounts in L. rubrum were 397, 10.9, and 1330 μg for Ni, Cd, and Pb, respectively, increased by 233% to 279%. The phyto-extraction amount in R. pulchrum were 1510, 250, and 237 μg for Zn, Pb, and Cu, respectively, increased by 143% to 193%. These results indicated a potential to remediate heavy metals of the two ornamental plants, especially L. rubrum. The results of correlation analysis implied that the interaction of heavy metals in the plant itself played an important role in the uptake of heavy metals. This seemed to explain why applying IAA in the experiment had little effect on plant growth and phytoremediation of heavy metals. This study provided a green and feasible idea for the proper disposal of municipal sewage sludge.
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Malikides, E. "The Sewage Treatment and Disposal Problem in Cyprus in the Absence of Sewerage Systems: Limassol Case Study – Evaluation of Compromise Solutions." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0008.

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Due to lack of central sewerage systems in coastal towns of Cyprus, temporary measures have been imposed to protect health and environment. As a result sewage is treated in small biological plants serving individual residential units. Effectiveness of treatment methods employed were examined and the method of extended aeration has been proved to be the most suitable for Cyprus conditions. Design standards have to be modified taking into account Cyprus specific conditions, especially that of temperature. Statistical results from 54 small treatment plants operating in the town of Limassol showed that the vast majority of the plants failed to meet either performance standards in terms of BOD5, SS, or bacteriological requirements in terms of faecal coliforms. It was identified that the main reason for this was the lack of proper maintenance. The bacteriological quality of bathing waters has not been affected by temporary measures although many secondary problems have arisen from the operation of about 90 small treatment plants at Limassol town. The per capita cost of construction, operation and maintenance of this decentralized system has been proved extremely high compared with that of centralized system. Improvement of the situation, in the short term, includes reconsideration of temporary measures, modification of design standards relying on reliable and high efficiency treatment methods and rising of plants maintenance level. Radical solution of the problem is the construction of the central sewerage system.
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Sá, Humberto Alencar de, João Victor da Cunha Oliveira, Leila Soares Viegas Barreto Chagas, and Frankslale Fabian Diniz de Andrade Meira. "Mechanical behavior of coating mortars through the insertion of ash from the sewage sludge." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 15 (November 11, 2022): e91111537058. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i15.37058.

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Through environmental policies that provide a gradual discussion about the disposal of waste produced in the most diverse industrial sectors, sewage sludge is emphasized by the problematic destination of the toxic compounds that compose it, compromising its disposal. Based on the need to implement measures to mitigate environmental impacts through the production of eco-efficient materials, the application of the ashes of sanitary sewage sludge as a partial substitute for Portland cement is currently being used as a coating mortars study. This replacement has a focus, besides reducing the large volume of sludge generated by Sewage Treatment Plants, to allow an attenuation in the consumption of cement, a large CO2 generator during its manufacturing process. It could be observed that the use of the calcined residue applied in mortar, ratifies a relevant physical-mechanical performance to the material, which compared to the material without the use of it, has better results coming from its reactivity provided by action of the thermal process of degradation.
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Stürmer, Bernhard, and Melanie Waltner. "Best Available Technology for P-Recycling from Sewage Sludge—An Overview of Sewage Sludge Composting in Austria." Recycling 6, no. 4 (December 17, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling6040082.

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In order to close the phosphorus cycle in the long term, efficient recycling processes are necessary to ensure that this critical nutrient can be returned to arable land. Sewage sludge recycling is of particular importance due to the relatively high phosphorus content of sewage sludge. In this article, the current recycling paths of Austrian sewage sludge are highlighted, focusing on the advantages and limitations of sewage sludge composting. In addition to nutrient contents, pollutant loads were also analyzed in order to also discuss the limitations of this recycling pathway. Therefore, data from Austrian composting plants with focus on sewage sludge are used. The results show that the currently relevant pollutants (heavy metals) are predominantly below the limits prescribed for recycling and spreading on arable land. However, in order to decide on a recycling path at an early stage, a pollutant monitoring system must be in place. Due to pollution, mono-incineration with subsequent phosphorus recovery is also currently being discussed in Austria. Mono-incineration can represent an important component of sewage sludge disposal, because some sewage sludges are not suitable for composting due to potential environmental hazards. Therefore, it is important that evidence-based limit values and measures for the reduction in pollutants for input sources are determined.
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Alves, Octávio, Margarida Gonçalves, Paulo Brito, Eliseu Monteiro, and Celeste Jacinto. "Environmental impact and occupational risk in gasification plants processing residues of sewage sludge and refuse-derived fuel: a review." International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Safety 2, no. 2 (October 3, 2018): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/10.24840/2184-0954_002.002_0006.

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Scope & Goals: This article presents a coupled review of scientific literature on environmental impact, as well as occupational safety and health, of gasification plants using residues of sewage sludge and refuse-derived fuel. Methods: The survey, covering a 10-year time span, was made through a typical systematic review of literature, retrieved from online databases of scientific publications and by using general search engines; cross-referencing of citations included in documents were also considered. Results: Two tables summarizing 38 publications were created, indicating relevant studies on the matter(s), and providing a short description on risks, goals and main findings of each study, followed by a general discussion. Conclusions: Overall, gas explosion and inhalation of toxic gases were the most common risks reported in published studies, being considered negligible if safety measures are adopted; however there are fewer studies focusing on occupational safety in gasification plants as compared with the environmental issue. Release of heavy metals, tar production and toxic gases are the main environmental concerns. From the prevention viewpoint, this review shows that treatment and valorisation of harmful tars must be improved in future technological and scientific developments.
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Alves, Octávio, Margarida Gonçalves, Paulo Brito, Eliseu Monteiro, and Celeste Jacinto. "Environmental impact and occupational risk in gasification plants processing residues of sewage sludge and refuse-derived fuel: a review." International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Safety 2, no. 2 (October 3, 2018): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2184-0954_002.002_0006.

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Scope & Goals: This article presents a coupled review of scientific literature on environmental impact, as well as occupational safety and health, of gasification plants using residues of sewage sludge and refuse-derived fuel. Methods: The survey, covering a 10-year time span, was made through a typical systematic review of literature, retrieved from online databases of scientific publications and by using general search engines; cross-referencing of citations included in documents were also considered. Results: Two tables summarizing 38 publications were created, indicating relevant studies on the matter(s), and providing a short description on risks, goals and main findings of each study, followed by a general discussion. Conclusions: Overall, gas explosion and inhalation of toxic gases were the most common risks reported in published studies, being considered negligible if safety measures are adopted; however there are fewer studies focusing on occupational safety in gasification plants as compared with the environmental issue. Release of heavy metals, tar production and toxic gases are the main environmental concerns. From the prevention viewpoint, this review shows that treatment and valorisation of harmful tars must be improved in future technological and scientific developments.
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Zelenko, Yuliia, Maryna Bezovska, Anna Leshchynska, and Alexandr Shnaiderman. "Disposal of technological sludge of railway infrastructure enterprises." MATEC Web of Conferences 294 (2019): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929402006.

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The problem of improving environmental safety in the handling of oily waste and sludge is relevant for most industries. Significant amounts of waste oil adversely affect virtually all components of the environment. However, it is also a valuable hydrocarbon feedstock. Thus, a rational approach to the processing of sludge can have a significant environmental and economic effect. The shortcomings of traditional thermal technologies for the disposal of technological sludge and suggests using much cheaper mechanical methods were discussed in this article. For example, install decanters of various designs in a depot depending on the overall composition of the sludge and the composition of each of its main parts: the carbon-containing part, water and mechanical impurities. A modern scheme for the disposal of technological sludge from railway infrastructure enterprises has been proposed. Such a scheme allows to reduce the man-made load associated with their accumulation, circulation and minimization. The most promising example of the use of the proposed technology of utilization of oil sludge is its implementation at the local sewage treatment plants of locomotive and wagon depots.
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Rouch, Duncan A., Tania Mondal, Sneha Pai, Florian Glauche, Vennessa A. Fleming, Nerida Thurbon, Judy Blackbeard, Stephen R. Smith, and Margaret Deighton. "Microbial safety of air-dried and rewetted biosolids." Journal of Water and Health 9, no. 2 (April 18, 2011): 403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2011.134.

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To assess microbial safety of treated sewage sludge (biosolids), we examined the inactivation of microbial indicators for potential bacterial, viral and protozoan pathogens. The levels of indicators were determined throughout the air-drying and storage phases of anaerobically digested sewage sludge. Samples were collected from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Victoria, Australia. Established methods were applied for analysis of bacteria and coliphages, based on membrane filtration and layered plates, respectively. In the pan drying phase, the prevalence of Escherichia coli was reduced by &gt;5 log10 compared with sludge entering the pan. Thus, after pan drying of 8-11 months at WWTP A and 15 months at WWTP B, the numbers of E. coli were reduced to below 102 cfu/g dry solids (DS). This level is acceptable for unrestricted use in agriculture in Australia (P1 treatment grade), the UK (enhanced treatment status) and the USA (Class A pathogen reduction). Coliphage numbers also decreased substantially during the air-drying phase, indicating that enteric viruses are also likely to be destroyed during this phase. Clostridium perfringens appeared to be an overly conservative indicator. Survival, but not regrowth, of E. coli or Salmonella was observed in rewetted biosolids (15–20% moisture content), after being seeded with these species, indicating a degree of safety of stored biosolids upon rewetting by rain.
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Major, Nikola, Jasper Schierstaedt, Sven Jechalke, Joseph Nesme, Smiljana Goreta Ban, Marko Černe, Søren J. Sørensen, Dean Ban, and Adam Schikora. "Composted Sewage Sludge Influences the Microbiome and Persistence of Human Pathogens in Soil." Microorganisms 8, no. 7 (July 9, 2020): 1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8071020.

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Composted sewage sludge (CSS) gained attention as a potential fertilizer in agriculture. Application of CSS increases soil microbial activity and microbial biomass, however, it can also lead to increased chemical and microbiological risks. In this study, we performed microcosm experiments to assess how CSS reshapes the microbial community of diluvial sand (DS) soil. Further, we assessed the potential of CSS to increase the persistence of human pathogens in DS soil and the colonization of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt). The results revealed that CSS substantially altered the prokaryotic community composition. Moreover, addition of CSS increased the persistence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain 14028s and S. enterica serovar Senftenberg in DS soil. However, the enhanced persistence in soil had no impact on the colonization rate of B. rapa grown on soil inoculated with Salmonella. We detected Salmonella in leaves of 1.9% to 3.6% of plants. Addition of CSS had no impact on the plant colonization rate. The use of sewage sludge composts is an interesting option. However, safety measures should be applied in order to avoid contamination of crop plants by human pathogens.
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10

Magomedov, Khamzat K., K. B. Fridman, A. S. Belkin, and S. N. Noskov. "EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT METHOD OF THE GEOTUBING OF DEPOSITS FROM URBAN SEWAGE TREATMENT FACILITIES." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 7 (March 27, 2019): 623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-7-623-626.

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Every day in the city of St. Petersburg there is formed more than 10,000 m3 of sewage sludge. The main mass of deposits is stored at the landfill for storing waste with an area of up to 150 hectares. Toxic substances and pathogens contained in sediments can penetrate into the environment stipulating the significant pollution of the environment. In the arsenal of technologists dealing with the problem of sewage sludge disposal, there are numerous approaches and solutions, for instance: drying sludge, incineration, composting, vermicomposting, eco-concrete fixation. However, tried everything methodological approaches have not found their applications because of the impossibility of decrease in toxicity due to the presence of substances in the resulting substance of 1st and 2nd classes of danger, having a translocation mechanism of transition in plants. And, nevertheless, the problem of sewage sludge cannot be solved by used approaches because of the high toxicity caused by the presence of substances of the 1st and 2nd hazard classes in the obtained substance, for which the translocation mechanism of environmental contamination is characteristic. The aim of our work is the substantiation of the hygienic safety of the utilization of products obtained by geotube technology from deposits at the Northern Station for aeration «Vodokanal-SPb» in road construction. As the object of research there was selected the complex of sludge lagoons of the Northern Station for aeration «Vodokanal-SPb» located in the village of Novosilky. Sanitary-chemical, toxicological, parasitological, bacteriological, radiological. It is possible to observe the binding of ionic forms of ecotoxicants, transition of them to a bound state, which provides for the environmental safety. Helminthological and bacteriological studies show the epidemic safety of the product obtained by geotubing. Geotube technology seems to be the most promising in the treatment of accumulated sludge beds on sewage sludge.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sewage disposal plants – Safety measures"

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Sumner, Tyler Scott. "A safety and dynamics analysis of the subcritical advanced burner reactor: SABR." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24636.

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Books on the topic "Sewage disposal plants – Safety measures"

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Safe work practices for wastewater treatment plants. 2nd ed. Lancaster: Technomic Pub., 2001.

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Spellman, Frank R. Safe work practices for wastewater treatment plants. Lancaster, Pa: Technomic Pub. Co., 1996.

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Chemical hazards at water and wastewater treatment plants. Boca Raton, Fla: Lewis Publishers, 1992.

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American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Center for Chemical Process Safety., ed. Guidelines for pressure relief and effluent handling systems. New York, N.Y: The Institute, 1998.

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Preventing chemical terrorism: Building a foundation of security at our nation's chemical facilities : hearing before the Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Infrastructure Protection, and Security Technologies of the Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, February 11, 2011. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2012.

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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear regulation: Action needed to control radioactive contamination at sewage treatment plants : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1994.

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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear regulation: Preventing problem plants requires more effective NRC action : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.

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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear regulation: Strategy needed to regulate safety using information on risk : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050 Washington 20013): The Office, 1999.

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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear regulation: NRC's liability insurance requirements for nuclear power plants owned by limited liability companies : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: GAO, 2004.

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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear regulation: Better oversight needed to ensure accumulation of funds to decommission nuclear power plants : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1999.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sewage disposal plants – Safety measures"

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Liu, Fei, Zhijian Zhang, and Minjun Peng. "Research on the Computerized Symptom-Oriented Procedures of Nuclear Power Plants." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48072.

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New methods of information presentation and interface design are changing the working conditions in the modern Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) control room. Symptom-oriented EOPs (SOPs) with their structures and practical application are described. The Computerized Symptom-oriented Operating Procedures (CSOP) is researched, which can help the operator analyze all the symptom signals of steam generator tubes rupture (SGTR) and provide the computerized procedures corresponding to the symptom signals. This paper analyzes the accident of SGTR; the accident management of SGTR is important in reactor safety because SGTR is one of the relatively high-frequency events in pressurized water reactors PWRs. The symptom signals of SGTR and the possible accidents corresponding to the symptom signals are analyzed. The homologous measures of symptoms are summarized. The disposal of SGTR adopts the method of based on symptoms. The programs are developed by VxWorks that is a real-time operating system. The debugging of programs is processed on simulator. The test results indicated that the programs can provide operating procedures according to the symptoms of accidents. After adopting the Computerized Emergency Operating Procedures, the labor intensity and mental burden of operators are lightened. Computerized Emergency Operating Procedures can enhance the reliability, safety and efficiency of Nuclear Power Plant.
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Abdulraheem, Sahar, and Nawari O. Nawari. "Sustainable Techniques for Public School in Florida: Application of the Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SUDS)." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49805.

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Floods are among the most common natural hazards in Florida. They are threatening the safety and economic welfare of Floridians. Every year Florida spends millions of dollar to mitigate direct flood damages. Amongst the effective solutions to these flood damages is the control of urban drainage in school buildings and nearby grounds to conserve and preserve natural resources and to promote sustainable thinking. This paper discusses how public schools in Florida can benefit from sustainable techniques by applying the sustainable urban drainage system (SUDS) to school designs. The article also illustrates how Florida can use school sites as double functions to provide an active educational environment and to manage storm water runoff at the same time. Construction costs estimation for sustainable techniques is calculated based on data available for the year 2011 and compared with the conventional construction methods for schools. The result indicates a high initial cost that can easily be offset by considering the cost of conventional drainage structure, conserved storm water, flooding impact, storm water sewage disposal, and other measures.
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Ellouz, Manel, Eva Kasparek, and Holger Völzke. "BAM Challenges for Design Testing of Waste Containers for the Final Repository KONRAD." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96258.

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Up to the end of this decade, corresponding to the planned date of starting operation in the final disposal KONRAD for non-heat generating waste in Germany, a lot of efforts are needed to condition and package the radioactive waste in containers certified by BfS (Federal Institute for Radiation Protection). This waste is produced by public sector and industry as well as nuclear energy facilities, which result in more than a half of the actually declared quantity growing especially after the phase out decision of nuclear power production in Germany and the subsequent decommissioning of nuclear power plants. BAM (Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing) acts as responsible authority on behalf of BfS for design testing under consideration of the KONRAD requirements. Within the assessment procedure of containers, BAM has to verify the application documents, including material qualification, container geometry, corrosion protection, leakage rate and operational and accidental loading, and to evaluate quality assurance measures. Besides the previous completed approvals for various containers such as steel sheet and cast iron box-shaped containers and concrete cylindrical ones, BAM is actually carrying assessments for other types such as cast iron cylindrical containers and “old” steel sheet box shaped ones. The so called “old” containers present already loaded containers without any KONRAD certification, currently stored at licensed interim storages. In the benefit of the container assessment, BAM operates design testing facilities for drop and fire tests which are also used for research objectives to improve and expand the evaluation methods such as research project ConDrop. The latter deals with numerical simulations and analyses tools for further precise predictions about unfavorable drop test scenarios, safety margins, and design sensitivities for steel sheet containers. Furthermore, during the assessment procedure, several specifications about the containers, the inventory to be disposed and the required safety level have been intensely debated by authorities and applicants. Based on its experience in qualifying containers, BAM has been commissioned to identify insufficiently specified aspects in the waste acceptance criteria and to propose clearer definitions with regard to the secondary regulations in the planning approval notice. This paper focuses on aspects of the contribution of BAM in certifying KONRAD waste containers. This will include the current state of design testing procedures, evaluation methods that are available or are being developed and the main topics within the KONRAD requirements being actually specified by BAM.
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