Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sewage disposal plants – Ontario

Academic literature on the topic 'Sewage disposal plants – Ontario'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sewage disposal plants – Ontario"

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Jia, Li. "Treatment and Disposal Technology of Surplus Sludge in Urban and Town Sewage Treatment Plant." E3S Web of Conferences 143 (2020): 02052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014302052.

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with the continuous acceleration of urban and town construction, the output of urban and town sewage is also increasing. To a great extent, this promotes the technological development and capacity expansion of urban and town sewage treatment plants. In the process of sewage treatment, a lot of sludge is inevitable. However, many urban and town sewage treatment plants pay more attention to the treatment of sewage and ignore the treatment of sludge. In this way, the sludge without proper treatment can be disposed at will. In the long run, this will not only affect the surrounding environment, but also hinder the development of social economy. Therefore, the urban and town sewage treatment plant should pay enough attention to the application of surplus sludge treatment and disposal technology. In this paper, the main problems existing in the treatment and disposal technology of surplus sludge in urban and town sewage treatment plants, and the treatment and disposal technology of surplus sludge in urban and town sewage treatment plants are both explored and analyzed, hoping to contribute to the long-term development of urban and town sewage treatment plants.
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Evans, B., and P. Laughton. "EMERGING TRENDS IN ELECTRICAL ENERGY USAGE AT CANADIAN (ONTARIO) MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES AND STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 4 (August 1, 1994): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0149.

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The province of Ontario is Canada's most populous province with over 8 million residents out of a total population of 27 million. The Province is situated in the eastern portion of North America and stretches from 41°N to 50° N. All the Great Lakes fall within Ontario's boundaries and the Province is estimated to have over 280,000 lakes. The area along Lake Ontario is home to 5 million of the residents who are serviced by 11 large sewage treatment plants. The remaining 403 treatment plants are scattered throughout the province. with an average size of 20 000 m3/d. Ontario Hydro commissioned a study of the wastewater treatment plants to identify the main power users at the various types of sewage treatment plants, as well as potential areas within each plant where significant energy savings could be generated. By using this information, Ontario Hydro hoped to assess the potential to reduce the load and identify any electrical efficiency improvements, fuel switching and load shifting opportunities that may exist as well as the impact of environmental regulations on power saving initiatives. It was found that several major opportunities existed. These included:■ that up to 25% of power currently used can be reduced by introducing energy efficient measures■ of all the unit operations in wastewater treatment plants, aeration accounts for 42% of the power usage, influent and effluent pumping - 20%, and dewatering - 6%. Of this influent and effluent pumping, specifically influent represented the best target area as significant aeration system upgrade had already taken place.
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Steinle, Eberhard. "Sludge Treatment and Disposal Systems for Rural Areas in Germany." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 9 (May 1, 1993): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0190.

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First an overview of the systems currently in use and being discussed for sludge treatment is presented will) particular emphasis on distinguishing between the object of the system (conditioning objective of the various phases in the system) and a system concept (concept of various phases of the system in sequence to attain the disposal objective). More detailed information is given as to the salient systems as used with smaller sewage treatment plants in rural areas, such as digestion, dewatering, hygienization, composting and thermal drying. A further item of discussion is how sludge treatment influences the sewage treatment process. For the critical emissions (nitrogen, phosphorus) demanded in Germany, and thus for the degree of sewage treatment required, the load of the sewage treatment system resulting from sludge treatment needs to be taken into account. Accordingly, operation of sludge treatment and sewage purification must always be harmonized. The extent of these return loads also limits the spatial centralization of the system phases; this applies in particular to smaller sewage treatment plants in rural areas. In conclusion, an attempt is made to present a perspective for the agricultural utilization of such sludge in Germany. Since the critical values for emissions have been further tightened by new regulations, thus considerably elevating the associated sophistication of monitoring techniques, it is to be expected that the use of sewage sludge in agriculture will also be further reduced in rural areas, especially since public awareness of emission control has considerably reduced the acceptance of sewage sludge as fertilizer.
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Looker, Norman D., Edward A. McBean, and Grahame J. Farquhar. "Economic Analysis of Electroplating Discharges to Sewage Treatment Plants." Water Quality Research Journal 25, no. 1 (February 1, 1990): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1990.006.

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Abstract A comparison of costs of implementing an advanced wastewater treatment system for a cadmium plating plant, versus the sludge disposal costs of the sewage treatment plant to which the plating plant is discharging its effluent, is described. An economic analysis spreadsheet approach using Lotus 1-2-3 is employed. A case study application demonstrates for overall society net benefit that it is cost-effective to initiate pretreatment at electroplating facilities which allows a municipal facility to dispose of its sludge on agricultural land rather than be required for landfilling. Sensitivity analyses to market interest rate, sludge production, sludge disposal fees and drag-out rates are explored.
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Lu, Min, Zhen Guo, and Dong He Li. "Purification Efficiency of Several Constructed Wetland Plants in COD Disposal in Domestic Sewage." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 2690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2690.

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The research on the species selection of constructed wetland plants and the purification effects of the plants is crucial in ecological wastewater treatment technology. This paper studies the purification effects of different residence time of sewage water, different constructed wetland plants and their synergistic effect on COD disposal in domestic sewage. The results indicate that the best plant combination in purifying COD is that of Phragmites communis, Typha orientalis and Canna generalis, followed by that of Phragmites communis, Arundo donax and Canna generalis. The best plant species in purifying COD is Typha orientalis, followed by Phragmites communis.
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Ciuła, Józef, Krzysztof Gaska, Dariusz Siedlarz, and Viktor Koval. "Management of sewage sludge energy use with the application of bi-functional bioreactor as an element of pure production in industry." E3S Web of Conferences 123 (2019): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912301016.

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The increase in sewage sludge makes it necessary to improve the direction of sewage sludge management policy and disposal, which requires a larger amount of incineration or land reclamation. It was shown that the result of methane fermentation, which is a more complex process of extracting energy contained in waste. High costs of implementation of sludge processing technology and low efficiency of sewage treatment plants in which sewage sludge is insufficient to recover energy from them, have a negative impact on the development of energy generation from sediments. The model waste system for energy is characterized, which includes two stages. The proposed solution can be applied to small wastewater treatment plants and it is justifiable to use the concept of bi-functional bioreactors in which anaerobic and aerobic processes can be carried out with much lower construction and maintenance costs. The use of bioreactors allows to exclude the energy demand needed to stabilize sewage sludge at a low cost compared to the expenditure that is currently incurred by disposal. The proposed solution works perfectly with industrial plants, due to the possibility of their creation in the time of the creation and application of a circular economy.
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Chernosvitov, M. D., P. A. Gorshkalev, and E. G. Porshina. "Sanitary Protection Zones of Sewage Waste-Disposal Plants and Their Justification." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 272 (June 21, 2019): 022253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/272/2/022253.

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Lee, Hing-Biu, Kurtis Sarafin, Thomas E. Peart, and M. Lewina Svoboda. "Acidic Pharmaceuticals in Sewage-Methodology, Stability Test, Occurrence, and Removal from Ontario Samples." Water Quality Research Journal 38, no. 4 (November 1, 2003): 667–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2003.042.

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Abstract A gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method for the determination of 11 selected acidic pharmaceuticals in sewage influent and effluent at trace levels has been developed. The drugs studied were salicylic acid, clofibric acid, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, gemfibrozil, fenoprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac, fenofibrate, and indomethacin, which are commonly used as analgesic/anti-inflammatory agents or lipid regulators. The antibacterial agent triclosan was also included in this study. A solid-phase extraction procedure using the Waters Oasis HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) cartridge was optimized for the extraction and elution of these compounds. The acids were then converted into their trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives. Final analysis was performed with a Mass Selective Detector in the EI/SIM (electron impact/selected ion monitoring) mode. Recoveries of the drugs in spiked distilled water samples at 1 and 0.1 μ/L levels were better than 80%. Similar recoveries of the drugs were obtained from fortified final effluent samples except for acetaminophen, which could not be recovered even if the extraction was performed immediately. The detection limits for the drugs, based on a concentration factor of 1000, were between 10 and 20 ng/L. A stability study indicated that, except for salicylic acid and acetaminophen, the other acidic pharmaceuticals were better than 75% recovered after the samples had been stored at 4°C in the dark for up to seven days. This method has been applied to quantify acidic drugs in wastewater samples collected from several sewage treatment plants in Ontario. While clofibric acid, acetaminophen, fenoprofen, and fenofibrate have never been detected, the other eight compounds were found in nearly all the influent and effluent samples, from low μ/L to low ng/L levels. Eight sewage treatment plants removed from 0 to 98% of these drugs from the influent.
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Smurzyńska, Anna, Kamil Kozłowski, Marta Cieślik, Michał Brzoski, Dawid Chełkowski, Jakub Mazurkiewicz, and Ewa Woźniak. "Methane fermentation as a possibility of utilization and energy – efficient management of sewage sludge." BIO Web of Conferences 10 (2018): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20181001016.

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Sewage sludge contains organic and biogenic substances that should be used. These materials may also contain toxic substances and heavy metals, and therefore require proper management in accordance with applicable law. Sewage sludge disposal is important for the protection of the environment, but also for the costs associated with the disposal of sludge. There are many technologies that are designed to use the properties of sewage sludge. It should be emphasized, however, that the proposed sewage sludge management technologies require investment outlays. In the present situation, research experiments have been carried out in the Environmental Technology Laboratory of the University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Poznan, indicating the possibility of efficient use of sewage sludge in the methane fermentation process. The use of sewage sludge in the fermentation mix allows the fertilizer to be obtained in the form of fermentation pulp, which also has the same properties as natural fertilizers. It should also be noted that the effect of physicochemical changes is the production of biogas, which is the source of electricity and/or heat. The economic sustainability of the use of sludge (taking into account the current costs of their disposal) is unequivocally positive when co-fermented in an appropriate proportion. The results show that sewage sludge can be successfully used in biogas plants as a co-substrate of fermentation mix. Therefore, the use of sewage sludge in biogas plants not only allows for the safe management and production of fertilizers, but also for the "green" energy.
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Jury, Karen L., Stuart J. Khan, Tony Vancov, Richard M. Stuetz, and Nicholas J. Ashbolt. "Are Sewage Treatment Plants Promoting Antibiotic Resistance?" Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 41, no. 3 (January 31, 2011): 243–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643380902772589.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sewage disposal plants – Ontario"

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Shum, Ngai-on William. "Deodorisation of sewage treatment plant /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14723864.

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Wan, Ka-hung. "Computer simulation of a local municipal wastewater treatment plant." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17508939.

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Ling, Wai-chung Jackson. "Biological nutrient removal in sequencing batch reactors using fibrous packing medium /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17489477.

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Lau, Yip Hang. "Maximization of treatment capacity of a full-scale biological nitrogen removal plant through model simulation and full-scale stress test /." View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?EVNG%202005%20LAU.

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劉偉藻 and Wai-cho Ivan Lau. "Performance and characteristics of biogranules in thermophilic UASB reactors." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31213261.

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Lau, Wai-cho Ivan. "Performance and characteristics of biogranules in thermophilic UASB reactors /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17546059.

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Chung, King Chuen. "Biological processes involved in two wetland plants and their associated bacteria for the treatment of municipal wastewaters." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2009. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1005.

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Walsh, Joseph W. "Analysis of a uniform, comprehensive cost analysis method for Virginia municipal water and wastewater systems." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80086.

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Municipal water and wastewater systems in Virginia are faced with substantial capital needs for the expansion, replacement, and improvement of existing facilities, and the construction of new facilities. To compound this problem, the financial environment surrounding these utilities is changing from one in which grant financing is being replaced by debt financing, and the overall availability of federal and state aid is declining. The literature on utility management emphasizes the use of a "user-pays" approach that makes use of a comprehensive method of cost analysis. This thesis tests the hypothesis that a uniform, comprehensive cost analysis method can be developed to effectively meet the cost analysis needs of municipal water and wastewater systems in Virginia. This is accomplished in a four step process: development and distribution of a questionnaire to all municipal water and wastewater systems in Virginia; analysis of the survey results; description and analysis of the Government Finance Officers Association's comprehensive cost analysis workbook for water and wastewater utilities; and evaluation of this workbook in several Virginia communities. The results of this work show that a comprehensive cost analysis method can be developed which will effectively meet the cost analysis needs of water and wastewater operations in Virginia. However, such a method does have its shortcomings, and further research is recommended.
Master of Urban Affairs
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Al-Houri, Zain Mohammed. "Modifications on the existing design parameters to improve the performance of infiltration treatment BMPs in cold climates." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2008/Z_AL-Houri_062008.pdf.

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Whiteleather, Stuart C. "An overview of wastewater privatization and the process behind privatizing the Lehigh County Wastewater Pretreatment facility." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1997. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1997.
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2964. Abstract precedes thesis as preliminary leaves [1-2]. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-73).
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Books on the topic "Sewage disposal plants – Ontario"

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Ontario. Ministry of the Environment. Assessment of factors affecting the performance of Ontario sewage treatment facilities. Toronto: Queen's Printer for Ontario, 1992.

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Ontario. Ministry of the Environment. Assessment of factors affecting the performance of Ontario sewage treatment facilities: Report. Toronto, Ont: Ministry of the Environment, 1992.

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Branch, Ontario Water Resources. Report on the discharges from municipal treatment plants in Ontario. Toronto: Queen's Printer for Ontario, 1991.

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Consultants, Beak. Review of aquatic toxicity and environmental impact of Ontario sewage treatment plant effluents: Report prepared for Industrial Program Branch, Conservation and Protection, Environment Canada and Water Resources Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment. [Toronto]: Queen's Printer for Ontario, 1990.

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Tarmohamed, Yasmin. Ontario municipal sewage treatment plants mass balance project: Report-- metals. [S.l.]: MISA Advisory Committee, 1990.

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Branch, Ontario Water Resources. The feasibility of implementing step feed control of strom flow at selected water pollution control plants: phase I-preliminary investigation. Toronto: Queen's Printer for Ontario, 1992.

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Chapman, David T. Evaluation of estimates of phosphorus concentrations and loadings from Ontario municipal wastewater treatment plants. [Toronto]: Ontario Environment, 1990.

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Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment Approvals. Guide for applying for approval of industrial sewage works: Section 53 Ontario Water Resources Act R.S.O. 1990, chapter 0.40. Toronto: Ministry of the Environment, Approvals Branch, 1992.

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Stechey, Daniel. Aquaculture wastewater treatment: Wastewater characterization and development of appropriate treatment technologies for the Ontario trout production industry : report. [Toronto]: Ontario Environment, 1990.

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Stechey, Daniel. Aquaculture wastewater treatment: Wastewater characterization and development of appropriate treatment technologies for the Ontario trout production industry : report. [Toronto]: Environmental Services, Water Resources, Ministry of the Environment, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sewage disposal plants – Ontario"

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"Digestion and Disposal of Primary and Secondary Sludge." In Advanced Design of Wastewater Treatment Plants, 255–92. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9441-3.ch004.

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Sewage sludge is the solid, semisolid, or slurry residual material that is produced as a byproduct of wastewater treatment processes. This residue is commonly classified as primary and secondary sludge. Primary sludge is generated from chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and other primary processes, whereas secondary sludge is the activated waste biomass resulting from biological treatments. Quite often the sludges are combined together for further treatment and disposal. Sludge from biological treatment operations is sometimes referred to as wastewater biosolids. Of the constituents removed by the treatment, solids and biosolids are by far the largest in volume, and their processing, reuse, and disposal present perhaps the most challenging environmental problem and complex problem in wastewater treatment processes. Therefore, the chapter is devoted to the discussion of the sources, characteristics, quantities, disposal, digestion, and stabilization of sludge so as to present background data and information on these topics that will serve as a basis for the designing of sludge processing, treatment, and disposal facilities.
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Bai, Attila, and Zoltán Gabnai. "Opportunities of Circular Economy in a Complex System of Woody Biomass and Municipal Sewage Plants." In Forest Biomass - From Trees to Energy. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93474.

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In this chapter, we present the opportunities and general importance of woody biomass production (forests and short-rotation coppices) and waste management in a common system. Wastewater and different forms of sewage sludge, as energy- and nutrient-rich materials, can contribute to reaching resource efficiency, savings in energy, and reduction of CO2 emissions. Within certain limits, these woody plantations are suitable options for the environmentally sound disposal of wastewater and/or sewage sludge; in addition, they can facilitate the realization of full or partial energy self-sufficiency of the wastewater plant through bioenergy production. Focusing on circular economy, we introduce the aspects of the treatment process and the sizing issues regarding the municipal wastewater treatment and the woody biomass in a complex system. Based on a specific case study, approximately 826 ha of short-rotation coppices (with a 2-year rotation) are required for the disposal of sewage sludge generated by a 250,000 population equivalent wastewater treatment plant. If we look at the self-sufficiency of its energy output, 120–150 ha of short-rotation coppices may be adequate. This complex system can replace the emissions of around 5650 t of CO2 through electricity generation alone and another 1490 t of CO2 by utilizing the waste heat.
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Condron, Leo M., and Emmanuel Frossard. "Use of 31P NMR in the Study of Soils and the Environment." In Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Environment Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097511.003.0021.

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Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plants and animals because of its vital role in energy transformation processes such as photosynthesis and glycolysis. Soil is the primary source of P for plants (and animals), and while native soil P is mainly derived from the mineral apatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH,F)2) present in soil parent material, supplementary P is added in fertilizers. In addition, large quantities of P are present in household and industrial chemicals such as detergents, and as a result organic wastes such as municipal sewage sludge contain significant amounts of various chemical forms of inorganic and organic P. The biogeochemical cycling of P in soil is determined by a complex interaction of chemical, biochemical and biological processes, which in turn are influenced by a variety of environmental and anthropogenic factors in natural and agro-ecosystems. It is clear that P is a key element in the environment; it is indispensable for plant growth, but its release into water bodies such as rivers and lakes can cause significant environmental damage as a result of eutrophication. The detailed chemical nature and associated transformations of P in the soil—plant system, and the fate of native and applied P in particular, must be fully understood in order to maximize the agronomic benefits of P while minimizing any adverse environmental impacts. The latter is particularly important in view of the growing importance of land application as a disposal option for organic wastes such as animal manures and municipal sewage sludge. The large gyromagnetic ratio of the 31P nucleus and its 100% natural abundance make 31P easy to detect by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and accordingly NMR has been used to examine P in a wide variety of environments. In particular, NMR spectroscopy has been shown to be a valuable tool for investigating the chemical nature and transformations of P in the soil environment and the associated fate of fertilizers, pesticides and organic wastes. This chapter includes a brief summary of the use of liquid-state 31P NMR to investigate the chemical nature and cycling of P in the soil-plant system and the fate of selected pesticides.
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Conference papers on the topic "Sewage disposal plants – Ontario"

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Huenchen, H., L. Pachmayer, and O. Malerius. "Design and Commissioning of the Largest and the Smallest Fluidized Bed Incinerator Ever Built by Lurgi." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-007.

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Since communities and companies are deciding to dispose sludges of different origin in a safe and nonpolluting way, more and more sludge is burnt either in mono-combustion or co-combustion units. Lurgi Energie und Entsorgung GmbH, one of the most experienced fluidized bed designer, is commissioning two bubbling bed incinerators of totally different incinerator size in 2002. In France the smallest fluidized bed incinerator ever built by Lurgi with a cross-sectional bed area of 4 m2 is designed to burn 750 kg (d.m.)/h sewage sludge. In spite of the small size it consists of all equipment necessary for sewage sludge incineration, including a disc dryer, a thermal oil boiler for heat recovery and a complete state of the art flue gas cleaning system. Air pollutants are removed in a circulating fluidized bed adsorber (CFB) designed in accordance with the new Lurgi CIRCOCLEAN® process. In United Kingdom the largest bubbling bed incinerator ever built by Lurgi with a cross-sectional bed area of 32 m2 is going to start its operation in 2002. The plant burns a mixture of thickened and mechanically dewatered primary and secondary sludge and different plastic residues from waste paper recycling plants. In order to provide sufficient disposal capacity of the waste material generated at the Kemsley Paper Mill site some parts of the installation consist of parallel streams or units (e. g. waste material handling and storage). The overall design throughput rate of mixed waste material is 22.8 t(a.r.)/h, corresponding to a thermal load of 29.1 MW. Due to the specific properties of the paper sludge, the formed ash can be used as an adsorbent/reactive compound for the capture of acidic pollutants. The flue gas cleaning system consists of a zeolite dosing unit to remove dioxins/furanes upstream of a baghouse filter. The paper presents the main design parameters of both disposal facilities and peculiarities of the burnt materials in comparison to other sludges. Since the plants are still in the commissioning phase only problems that might occur during the operation of the plant and tendencies in the operation behavior are described.
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Sarvendran, Vajran, Glenn Harvel, Jennifer McKellar, and Jeffrey Samuel. "Emergency Energy Management Model for Durham Region." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49445.

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In the last 50 years, the province of Ontario has lost electrical power at various times, which has challenged Ontario’s emergency-response capabilities. In addition to the loss of electricity supply, there were concerns regarding access to diesel fuels and gasoline due to loss of electrical power to pump the fuel. However, natural gas and propane are a viable alternative energy supply in an emergency scenario. The purpose of this project is to assess the role of natural gas in an emergency scenario and potential areas for further optimization to meet energy needs within the region of Durham, Ontario. An energy management model for the region of Durham has been developed for both electricity and natural gas. This model can be used to assess the impact of an emergency scenario on energy supply. This was achieved by researching different types of critical facilities such as hospitals, emergency services, schools, water/sewage facilities, community centers, shopping centers and gas stations and their reliance upon electricity and natural gas. Major shopping centers were included within this project as they provide communities with medical, grocery and basic needs. Data gathered for 415 facilities was incorporated into a Visual Basic model. The data was based on floor space, population, fleet size, water consumption, fuel types and energy use behavior. Facilities were divided into categories based on sizes of less than 5,000 m2, between 5,000 m2 and 15,000 m2, and greater than 15,000 m2 for the purposes of the model. Unique facilities such as the six water treatment facilities and the ten E.M.S stations were assessed individually. The data was then used to create a model that related the available electricity and natural gas to the various types of facilities in the Durham Region. The results show that natural gas infrastructure is already in place in the Region of Durham and many critical facilities currently use natural gas to supply heat energy. Hence, modest changes (cogeneration plants/ micro gas turbines) in the current infrastructure could be implemented to ensure emergency power is available from natural gas in a loss of electricity scenario and further improve the resiliency of the region of Durham in an emergency scenario.
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Panicker, Philip K., and Amani Magid. "Microwave Plasma Gasification for Enhanced Oil Recovery and Sustainable Waste Management." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59630.

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This paper presents qualitative evidence to support the application of microwave induced plasma gasification (MIPG) technology for converting municipal solid wastes (MSW) to syngas and to use it for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The target for the case study of this paper is the United Arab Emirates, which is a major producer and exporter of petroleum. The main EOR method employed by the UAE’s oil companies is the miscible gas flooding method, whereby natural gas or carbon dioxide is injected into the oil reservoirs to boost the oil pressure, reduce the viscosity of the oil and to increase the pumping rates. UAE purchases natural gas for power production and EOR from its neighbor, Qatar, which makes the UAE a net importer of natural gas and a major consumer of energy, while reducing the national income from the oil sales. The UAE is looking at ways to boost its oil production and to reduce the usage of natural gas, including the injection of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and steam generated by concentrated solar power. UAE and the other Arabian Gulf nations have some of the highest per capita rates of production of domestic waste. Landfilling is the prevalent form of waste disposal for industrial, commercial and residential waste. Incineration-type waste-to-energy power plants are being constructed, but they are not the most effective solution due to cost and environmental reasons. This paper proposes a solution that covers the two problems with one technology, namely MIPG of MSW. MIPG is shown to be the most efficient method of gasification available, as it uses much less energy for producing and sustaining the plasma than other techniques, and produces a much cleaner syngas than thermochemical gasification schemes. The syngas can be used for electricity generation or for making fuels and raw materials in the Fischer-Tropsch or similar processes. In this proposal, MIPG will be used to turn MSW, sewage sludge and biomass wastes into syngas. A part of the syngas will be used to produce electricity to power the petroleum extraction processes, while the carbon dioxide formed in this combustion of syngas can be captured and used for EOR in deep oil wells, which also functions as a form of sequestration of carbon. In addition, syngas can be turned into methane and synthetic natural gas using the Fischer-Tropsch or Sabatier process and then pumped into the oil wells. Some of the petroleum extracted can also be gasified using the MIPG method for the production of synthetic natural gas. Thus, the dependence on natural gas imports will be eliminated, while also achieving zero landfill targets.
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