Relevant bibliographies by topics / Severe Actute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Severe Actute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 July 2024
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Severe Actute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)"

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Ivanov, Konstantin A., Volker Thiel, Jessika C. Dobbe, Yvonne van der Meer, Eric J. Snijder, and John Ziebuhr. "Multiple Enzymatic Activities Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Helicase." Journal of Virology 78, no. 11 (June 1, 2004): 5619–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.11.5619-5632.2004.

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ABSTRACT Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), a newly identified group 2 coronavirus, is the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome, a life-threatening form of pneumonia in humans. Coronavirus replication and transcription are highly specialized processes of cytoplasmic RNA synthesis that localize to virus-induced membrane structures and were recently proposed to involve a complex enzymatic machinery that, besides RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, helicase, and protease activities, also involves a series of RNA-processing enzymes that are not found in most other RNA virus families. Here, we characterized the enzymatic activities of a recombinant form of the SARS-CoV helicase (nonstructural protein [nsp] 13), a superfamily 1 helicase with an N-terminal zinc-binding domain. We report that nsp13 has both RNA and DNA duplex-unwinding activities. SARS-CoV nsp13 unwinds its substrates in a 5′-to-3′ direction and features a remarkable processivity, allowing efficient strand separation of extended regions of double-stranded RNA and DNA. Characterization of the nsp13-associated (deoxy)nucleoside triphosphatase ([dNTPase) activities revealed that all natural nucleotides and deoxynucleotides are substrates of nsp13, with ATP, dATP, and GTP being hydrolyzed slightly more efficiently than other nucleotides. Furthermore, we established an RNA 5′-triphosphatase activity for the SARS-CoV nsp13 helicase which may be involved in the formation of the 5′ cap structure of viral RNAs. The data suggest that the (d)NTPase and RNA 5′-triphosphatase activities of nsp13 have a common active site. Finally, we established that, in SARS-CoV-infected Vero E6 cells, nsp13 localizes to membranes that appear to be derived from the endoplasmic reticulum and are the likely site of SARS-CoV RNA synthesis.
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A El-Masry, Eman. "Immunization against severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2: an overview." African Health Sciences 21, no. 4 (December 14, 2021): 1574–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v21i4.11.

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In the past years, numerous new fatal infections have emerged, including Ebola, Nipah, and Zika viruses, as well as coronaviruses. Recently, infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged in China, and were then transmitted all over the world, causing the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is transmitted at a higher rate than other diseases caused by coronaviruses. At the time of writing this review, COVID-19 is not contained in most countries in spite of quarantine, physical distancing, and enhanced hygiene measures. In this review, I address different methods for passive and active immunization against this virus, which is known to cause fatal respiratory disease, including natural passive immunization by breast milk, natural active immunization by herd immunization, artificial passive immunization by convalescent plasma or monoclonal antibodies, and artificial active immunization by vaccination. I hope this review will help design a prophylactic approach against outbreaks and pandemics of related coronaviruses in the future. Keywords: Breastfeeding; COVID-19; herd immunity; monoclonal antibodies; SARS-CoV; vaccine.
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Zoghi, Sina, Hossein Jafari Khamirani, Seyed Alireza Dastgheib, Mehdi Dianatpour, and Alireza Ghaffarieh. "An analysis of inhibition of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase by zinc ion: an in silico approach." Future Virology 16, no. 5 (May 2021): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2020-0369.

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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 is caused by exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was reported that Zn2+ is an inhibitor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). We hypothesize that the same applies to the newly discovered SARS-CoV-2. Material & methods: We compared the structure of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. The RdRp’s binding to Zn2+ was studied by metal ion-binding site prediction and docking server. Results: Several regions containing key residues were detected. The functional aspartic acid residues RdRp, 618D, 760D and 761D were among the predicted Zn2+-binding residues. Conclusion: The most probable mechanism of inhibition of RdRp by Zn2+ is binding to the active aspartic acid triad while other binding sites can further destabilize the enzyme or interfere with the fidelity-check mechanism.
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Lamirande, Elaine W., Marta L. DeDiego, Anjeanette Roberts, Jadon P. Jackson, Enrique Alvarez, Tim Sheahan, Wun-Ju Shieh, et al. "A Live Attenuated Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Is Immunogenic and Efficacious in Golden Syrian Hamsters." Journal of Virology 82, no. 15 (May 7, 2008): 7721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00304-08.

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ABSTRACT The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a live attenuated vaccine consisting of a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus lacking the E gene (rSARS-CoV-ΔE) were studied using hamsters. Hamsters immunized with rSARS-CoV-ΔE developed high serum-neutralizing antibody titers and were protected from replication of homologous (SARS-CoV Urbani) and heterologous (GD03) SARS-CoV in the upper and lower respiratory tract. rSARS-CoV-ΔE-immunized hamsters remained active following wild-type virus challenge, while mock-immunized hamsters displayed decreased activity. Despite being attenuated in replication in the respiratory tract, rSARS-CoV-ΔE is an immunogenic and efficacious vaccine in hamsters.
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Poutanen, Susan M., Mary Vearncombe, Allison J. McGeer, Michael Gardam, Grant Large, and Andrew E. Simor. "Nosocomial Acquisition of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusDuring an Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 26, no. 2 (February 2005): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/502516.

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AbstractObjective:The four hospitals assessed in this study use active surveillance cultures for methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and contact precautions for MRSA-positive patients as part of routine infection control practices. The objective of this study was to determine whether nosocomial acquisition of MRSA decreased in these hospitals during an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) when barrier precautions were routinely used for all patients.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting:Three tertiary-care hospitals (a 1,100-bed hospital; a 500-bed hospital; and an 823-bed hospital) and a 430-bed community hospital, each located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Patients:All admitted patients were included.Results:The nosocomial rate of MRSA in all four hospitals combined during the SARS outbreak (3.7 per 10,000 patient-days) was not significantly different from that before (4.7 per 10,000 patient-days) or after (3.4 per 10,000 patient-days) the outbreak (P= .30 andP= .76, respectively). The nosocomial rate of MRSA after the outbreak was significantly lower than that before the outbreak (P= .003). Inappropriate reuse of gloves and gowns and failure to wash hands between patients on non-SARS wards were observed during the outbreak. Increased attention was paid to infection control education following the outbreak.Conclusions:Inappropriate reuse of gloves and gowns and failure to wash hands between patients may have contributed to transmission of MRSA during the SARS outbreak. Attention should be paid to training healthcare workers regarding the appropriate use of precautions as a means to protect themselves and patients.
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Mostafa, Ahmed, Ahmed Kandeil, Yaseen A. M. M. Elshaier, Omnia Kutkat, Yassmin Moatasim, Adel A. Rashad, Mahmoud Shehata, et al. "FDA-Approved Drugs with Potent In Vitro Antiviral Activity against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2." Pharmaceuticals 13, no. 12 (December 4, 2020): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph13120443.

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(1) Background: Drug repositioning is an unconventional drug discovery approach to explore new therapeutic benefits of existing drugs. Currently, it emerges as a rapid avenue to alleviate the COVID-19 pandemic disease. (2) Methods: Herein, we tested the antiviral activity of anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs, commonly prescribed to relieve respiratory symptoms, against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the viral causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. (3) Results: Of these FDA-approved antimicrobial drugs, Azithromycin, Niclosamide, and Nitazoxanide showed a promising ability to hinder the replication of a SARS-CoV-2 isolate, with IC50 of 0.32, 0.16, and 1.29 µM, respectively. We provided evidence that several antihistamine and anti-inflammatory drugs could partially reduce SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. Furthermore, this study showed that Azithromycin can selectively impair SARS-CoV-2 replication, but not the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). A virtual screening study illustrated that Azithromycin, Niclosamide, and Nitazoxanide bind to the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Protein data bank (PDB) ID: 6lu7) in binding mode similar to the reported co-crystalized ligand. Also, Niclosamide displayed hydrogen bond (HB) interaction with the key peptide moiety GLN: 493A of the spike glycoprotein active site. (4) Conclusions: The results suggest that Piroxicam should be prescribed in combination with Azithromycin for COVID-19 patients.
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Fylenko, B. M., V. I. Babenko, N. V. Royko, I. I. Starchenko, S. A. Proskurnya, and A. O. Byelyayeva. "Morphological Manifestations of COVID-19-Associated Pneumonia." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 7, no. 2 (May 6, 2022): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs07.02.082.

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The purpose of study was to study the pathomorphological changes of COVID-19-associated pneumonia in its severe course on the basis of autopsies with substantiation of pathogenetic links of clinical and morphological manifestations. Materials and methods. The study of changes of COVID-19-associated pneumonia in its severe course was performed on the basis of autopsies of 16 deceased individuals using macroscopic and microscopic methods. All patients had chronic diseases during their lifetime, which contributed to the severe course of COVID-19. Results and discussion. The severe course of COVID-19 is manifested by conventional morphological signs of acute respiratory distress syndrome and vascular wall lesions with the development of hypercoagulable syndrome. Autopsy revealed characteristic macroscopic changes in the lungs that distinguish this disease from other infectious diseases of the respiratory system. Microscopically, changes were observed in the lung tissue, which corresponded to the proliferative phase of diffuse alveolar damage, which is a morphological sign of clinical manifestations of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Deposits of homogeneous eosinophilic masses were found in the lumens of the alveoli, which unevenly covered the walls of the respiratory parts. Hyperplasia and metaplasia of type II alveolocytes was characteristic morphological feature of COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Sporadic altered hyperchromic pneumocytes were detected, often with the formation of symplasts associated with the cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2. The development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19-associated pneumonia is based on the mechanism involved in the release of SARS-CoV2 from affected type II pneumocytes, leading to their destruction. As a result, specific inflammatory mediators are released, which stimulate macrophages that synthesize biologically active substances, increasing the permeability of capillaries and leading to the accumulation of exudate in the alveoli. Destruction of type II pneumocytes also reduces surfactant production, causing alveolar collapse, impaired gas exchange, and refractory hypoxemia. Pulmonary vascular endotheliitis with widespread thrombosis is also the prominent sign of acute respiratory distress syndrome in severe COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Conclusion. Pathomorphological studies indicate that the direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the epithelium of the respiratory tract and alveoli leads not only to its damage, but also trigger a cascade of reactions that cause the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome
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Isnaini, Nadia, Khairan Khairan, Meutia Faradhilla, Elly Sufriadi, Vicky Prajaputra, Binawati Ginting, Syaifullah Muhammad, and Raihan Dara Lufika. "A Study of Essential Oils from Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) and Its Potential as an Antivirus Agent to Relieve Symptoms of COVID-19." Journal of Patchouli and Essential Oil Products 1, no. 2 (December 23, 2022): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jpeop.v1i2.23763.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new type of virus that attacks the respiratory system and has caused the global epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Some persons who are infected with this virus develop symptoms ranging from a typical cold to fever to more severe illnesses, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). The development of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is being actively researched but will likely take more than a year to become available to the general public. As a result, numerous researchers are actively extracting the components of active chemicals in herbal plants with antiviral potentials, such as patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.). Patchouli essential oil, found in this Lamiaceae plant, has a wide range of effects, including antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and aromatherapy. More than 140 chemicals have been isolated and identified from the patchouli plant, including terpenoids, phytosterols, flavonoids, organic acids, lignins, alkaloids, glycosides, alcohols, and aldehydes. Patchouli essential oil is mainly composed of sesquiterpene molecules, most of which are patchouli alcohol. Essential oils derived from herbal plant extracts have also been shown to be potent antiviral agents against various viruses. The efficacy of patchouli essential oil, as well as its potential as an antiviral agent to treat SARSCoV-2, will be investigated in this review.
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Rha, Brian, Joana Y. Lively, Janet A. Englund, Mary A. Staat, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Natasha B. Halasa, et al. "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections in Children: Multicenter Surveillance, United States, January–March 2020." Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 9, no. 5 (June 18, 2020): 609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaa075.

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Abstract Previous reports of coronavirus disease 2019 among children in the United States have been based on health jurisdiction reporting. We performed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing on children enrolled in active, prospective, multicenter surveillance during January–March 2020. Among 3187 children, only 4 (0.1%) SARS-CoV-2–positive cases were identified March 20–31 despite evidence of rising community circulation.
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Hashimi, Marziah, Thomas Sebrell, Jodi Hedges, Deann Teresa Snyder, Katrina Lyon, Michelle D. Cherne, Amanda Robison, et al. "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in a Bat Gastrointestinal Organoid Model." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2022): 125.34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.125.34.

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Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, is thought to have originated in bats, since multiple viruses with a high level of genetic similarity have been identified in bats. In addition to respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 frequently involves gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting, indicating the SARS-CoV-2 can target the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, there is no robust in vitro model for assessing the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the bat GI tract. Here, we established gastrointestinal organoid cultures from Jamaican fruit bats (JFB),( Artibeus jamaicensis), which replicated the characteristic morphology of the gastrointestinal epithelium and showed tissue specific gene expression patterns and cell differentiation. To analyze whether JFB intestinal epithelial cells are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, we performed in vitro infection experiments. While increased SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in both cell lysates and supernatants from the infected organoids after 48 h, there was no evidence of active viral replication, and no infectious virus was produced. However, the JFB distal organoids significantly upregulated anti-viral and pro-inflammatory genes in response to SARS-CoV-2. Unexpectedly, SARS-CoV-2 infected JFB organoids had a decreased incidence of apoptotic cell death. Collectively, our data suggest that primary intestinal epithelial cells from JFBs are resistant to SARS-CoV-2 infection and cell damage, likely because they are able to mount a strong antiviral interferon response.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Severe Actute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)"

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Chu, Chung-ming. "Clinical aspects of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31937925.

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Chu, Chung-ming, and 朱頌明. "Clinical aspects of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31937925.

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Lau, Yik-Chung. "Numerical simulation of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemics /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?PHYS%202004%20LAU.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-44). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Chauhan, Vinita Singh. "Molecular characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus - nucleocapsid protein." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/152.

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Ching, Chi-yun Johannes. "Study of host genetic susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) infection." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40687648.

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Ching, Chi-yun Johannes, and 程子忻. "Study of host genetic susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) infection." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40687648.

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Chow, Yan-ching Ken, and 周恩正. "Characterization of the apoptotic properties of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) structural proteins." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30105493.

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Law, Ka-man. "Vaccine development against the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) using SARS-CoV spike protein." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36774480.

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Law, Ka-man, and 羅嘉敏. "Vaccine development against the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) using SARS-CoV spike protein." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36774480.

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Ng, Yuen-yi Fiona. "Assessment of quality of life in adults recovering from severe acute respiratory syndrome /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31972998.

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Books on the topic "Severe Actute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)"

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Okeyo, T. M. Family education handbook on SARS, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Nairobi: Centre for Quality in Healthcare Organization, 2003.

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S, Griffen Ashley, ed. Progress in SARS research. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2005.

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Serradell, Joaquima. SARS. 2nd ed. New York: Chelsea House, 2010.

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Serradell, Joaquima. SARS. Edited by Babcock Hilary. 2nd ed. New York: Chelsea House, 2010.

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Serradell, Joaquima. SARS. Edited by Babcock Hilary. 2nd ed. New York: Chelsea House, 2010.

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Sujudi, Achmad. Menangkal badai: Pengalaman mencegah ancaman severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) tahun 2003. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan R.I., 2003.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): Hearing before the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first session on examining the status of the severe acute respiratory syndrome threat, April 29, 2003. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2003.

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Arthur, Kleinman, and Watson James L, eds. SARS in China: Prelude to pandemic? Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2006.

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1939-, Wong John, and Zheng Yongnian, eds. The SARS epidemic: Challenges to China's crisis management. Singapore: World Scientific, 2004.

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Ahuja, Anil T. Imaging in SARS. London: GMM, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Severe Actute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)"

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Leung, CW. "SARS in Children." In Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, 30–35. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470755952.ch4.

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Ooi, Clara GC. "Radiology of SARS." In Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, 42–49. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470755952.ch6.

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Peiris, Malik, and Albert DME Osterhaus. "Aetiology of SARS." In Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, 50–57. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470755952.ch7.

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Heymann, David L. "SARS: A Global Perspective." In Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, 13–20. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470755952.ch2.

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Hayden, Frederick G., and Mark R. Denison. "Antiviral Agents for SARS." In Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, 184–202. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470755952.ch20.

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Drosten, C., KH Chan, and LLM Poon. "Viral Diagnosis of SARS." In Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, 64–71. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470755952.ch9.

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Guan, Yi, Hume Field, Gavin JD Smith, and Honglin Chen. "SARS Coronavirus: An Animal Reservoir?" In Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, 79–83. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470755952.ch11.

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Merianos, Angela, Robert Condon, Hitoshi Oshitani, Denise Werker, and Roberta Andraghetti. "Epidemiology and Transmission of SARS." In Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, 100–110. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470755952.ch13.

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Kamieński, Łukasz. "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_555-1.

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Peiris, J. S. M., Y. Guan, L. L. M. Poon, V. C. C. Cheng, J. M. Nicholls, and K. Y. Yuen. "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)." In Emerging Infections 7, 23–50. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555815585.ch2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Severe Actute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)"

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Huang, Yuxia. "Modeling the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in Beijing." In the 1st International Conference and Exhibition. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1823854.1823895.

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BURIOT, DIEGO. "HEALTH AND SECURITY SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (SARS): TAKING A NEW THREAT SERIOUSLY." In Fourth Centenary of the Foundation of the First Academy of Sciences: “Academia Lynceorum” by Federico Cesi and Pope Clemente VIII. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702753_0023.

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Quinn, R., M. Liu, Y. Gu, T. Mak, and E. Belden. "Keynote Lecture “Anti-viral Drug Discovery for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2)”." In GA – 70th Annual Meeting 2022. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1758917.

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Amorim, Maria Clara Carvalho Silva de, Karla Oliveira Couto, Pedro José da Silva Júnior, Thiago Gonçalves Fukuda, Pedro Antônio Pereira de Jesus, and Mateus Santana do Rosário. "Hemisferic encephalic involviment associated with sars- cov-2." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.005.

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Context: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China and rapidly spread worldwide. Although the predominant clinical presentation is with respiratory disease, neurological manifestations are being recognised increasingly. Case report: In this report, we demonstrate a case of hemispheric brain in volvement as a neurological manifestation of Sars-cov-2 in a 74-year-old patient admitted to Hospital Santa Izabel (HSI) between May and July 2020. Conclusion: In COVID-19, although the predominant clinical presentation is with respiratory disease, neurological complications have been reported. Severe neurological complications are either because of direct viral invasion, immunological reaction, or hypoxic metabolic changes. The patients with encephalitis are usually severely or critically ill.
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Redondo Galán, C., M. Ferris Villanueva, D. González Vaquero, MD Rivas Rodríguez, and JF Rangel Mayoral. "5PSQ-172 Experience with tocilizumab in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection." In 25th Anniversary EAHP Congress, Hospital Pharmacy 5.0 – the future of patient care, 23–28 March 2021. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2021-eahpconf.291.

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Lazarus, Theophilus. "SARS-CoV-2 infection and neuropsychological outcomes." In 2nd International Neuropsychological Summer School named after A. R. Luria “The World After the Pandemic: Challenges and Prospects for Neuroscience”. Ural University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/b978-5-7996-3073-7.10.

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The entire world is currently confronted with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS.CoV.2), a novel betacoronavirus causing the deadly pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID.19). Since there is now increasing reports of neurological and cognitive problems, the impact of COVID.19 on neuropsychological functioning is unknown but is likely to leave residual problems.
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Araújo, Poliana Rafaela dos Santos, Kauan Alves Sousa Madruga, Bruna Alves Rocha, and Lucas Oliveira Braga. "Neurological manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a narrative review." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.442.

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Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), once identified, soon spread globally, becoming a pandemic. Although patients present mainly with respiratory complaints, several neurological symptoms have been reported. Symptoms range from headache and nonspecific dizziness to seizures and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). It has also been shown that the severity of the infection is directly proportional to the development of neurological symptoms, especially CVD and changes in mental status. Objective: The present study aims to briefly review the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and discuss the pathogenic mechanisms of Central Nervous System (CNS) involvement. Methods: This is an exploratory narrative review with a descriptive approach, consisting of an active search for scientific articles in the PubMed database. The descriptors “coronavirus infections”, “COVID-19” and “Nervous system” were used, with the Boolean operators “OR” and “AND”. Eighteen articles of systematic review and meta-analysis were included. Results: CNS manifestations included, among others: encephalitis, encephalopathy, consciousness decrease, headache, dizziness, acute myelitis, and stroke. As for the peripheral nervous system, skeletal muscle damage, chemosensory dysfunction, and Guillain-Barré syndrome were observed, with hyposmia being the most common symptom. CNS involvement may be related to a worse prognosis. Conclusion: The clinical involvement of the nervous system in COVID-19 is not uncommon, and can result in several neurological complications, especially in the most critical patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms of these events still need further investigation. In the meantime, physicians should value extra-respiratory symptoms ranging from hyposmia, to potentially fatal manifestations, such as stroke and encephalopathy.
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Legband, Nathan, Jameel Feshitan, Mark Borden, and Benjamin Terry. "Living Without Breathing: A Study in Extrapulmonary Respiration Using a Novel Oxygen Carrier." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14735.

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Pulmonary failure results when the lungs experience significant damage and are unable to supply the body and brain with oxygen. Pulmonary failure has many causes including lung cancer, physical trauma, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), aerosolized bioterrorism agents and diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), pneumonia, and tuberculosis [1,2].
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Makoba, J., H. Addai-Boateng, and R. S. Silverman. "A Case Report of Tracheal Stenosis After Intubation for Severe SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome." In American Thoracic Society 2024 International Conference, May 17-22, 2024 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2024.209.1_meetingabstracts.a6407.

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Sidorova, A. P., and A. V. Bakunovich. "ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS AS POTENTIAL INHIBITORS OF SARS-COV-2 Mpro." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-31-34.

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Ritonavir, nelfinavir and lopinavir are a group of protease inhibitors. These inhibitors are widely used in combination with other protease inhibitors in the therapy and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus. Also, the combination of these inhibitors seems to be an effective therapeutic agent that can affect the main protease of Mpro coronavirus and, thus, provide long-term suppression of viral load in the disease of severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
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Reports on the topic "Severe Actute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)"

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Fuller, Julie, Keith Hanley, Robert Schultz, Michael Lewis, Nicole Freed, Michael Ellis, Viseth Ngauy, Richard Stoebner, Margaret Ryan, and Kevin Russel. Surveillance for Respiratory Infections, Including Severe Acute Respiratory, Syndrome (SARS), in Cobra Gold 2003. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada455915.

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Goren, Talia, Itai Beeri, and Dana Rachel vashdi. Trust in government and compliance with health instructions during respiratory epidemics and pandemics: A systematic review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0041.

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Review question / Objective: We will use the Condition-Context-Population (CoCoPop) framework (Munn et al., 2015) in this review, which aims to explore the following question: Do the features of respiratory epidemics and pandemics (e.g., magnitude, duration) impact the associations between (types of) trust in government and compliance with health guidelines? Condition being studied: The association between trust in government and authorities and civic compliance with health guidelines during respiratory epidemics and pandemics. Eligibility criteria: 1. Studies that explore the relationship between trust in government and authorities and civic compliance or compliance intentions with real or simulated health guidelines, during respiratory epidemics and pandemics; 2. Studies that focus on the following pandemics: avian influenza (H5N1), swine influenza (H1N1), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19; 3. Studies on the general healthy population (excluding health care professionals) 4. Studies that were published since 2002 to present.
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Moza, Andreea, Florentina Duica, Panagiotis Antoniadis, Elena Silvia Bernad, Diana Lungeanu, Marius Craina, Brenda Cristiana Bernad, et al. Outcome of newborns in case of SARS-CoV-2 vertical infection. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0093.

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Review question / Objective: To identify the types and examine the range of available evidence of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to newborn. To clarify the key concepts and criteria for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 vertical infection in neonates. To summarize the existing evidence and advance the awareness on SARS-CoV-2 vertical infection in pregnancy. Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has been isolated from various tissues and body fluids, including the placenta, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord of newborns. In the last few years, much scientific effort has been directed towards studying SARS-CoV-2, focusing on the different features of the virus, such as its structure and mechanisms of action. Moreover, much focus has been on developing accurate diagnostic tools and various drugs or vaccines to treat COVID-19.
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Kintz, Erica, Erin Lewis, and Victoria Cohen. Qualitative assessment of the risk of SARS-CoV-2 to human health through food exposures to deer in the UK. Food Standards Agency, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.jip603.

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SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus responsible for the infectious disease COVID-19 (Gorbalenya et al 2020 (Opens in a new window)), was first detected in the human population in December 2019 (Zhu et al 2020 (Opens in a new window)). It has since spread to become a global pandemic. Previously, two other novel coronaviruses caused illness in the human population. The first, SARS-CoV (for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) was recognised as a new illness in 2004 and the second, MERS-CoV (for Middle East respiratory syndrome) in 2012 (de Wit et al. 2016). These previous coronavirus outbreaks in humans occurred after bat coronaviruses passed through intermediate hosts (civet cats and camels, respectively) and then transmitted to infect humans (de Wit et al. 2016). SARS-CoV-2 infections in companion animals such as dogs, cats and ferrets and also in captive or farmed animals such as tigers and mink have been observed, likely as spill over events from contact with infected humans (WOAH 2022). There is now a large body of evidence from the United States that SARS-CoV-2 is capable of infecting white-tailed deer and that it can then spread further in the deer population (details in “What is the risk of SARS-CoV-2 being introduced into the cervid population in Great Britain?” (Defra, 2022). Assuming a worst-case scenario where SARS-CoV-2 is circulating within the UK deer population, this risk assessment was performed to determine whether handling and/or consuming UK-produced deer meat and/or offal may pose a risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 in humans.
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Coronel-Monje, Katiusca, Mayron Antonio Candia-Puma, Juan Jeferson Vilca-Alosilla, Luis Daniel Goyzueta-Mamani, Herbert Mishaelf Aguilar Bravo, Jorge Augusto Sánchez Zegarra, Haruna Luz Barazorda-Ccahuana, Eduardo Antonio Ferraz Coelho, and Miguel Angel Chávez-Fumagalli. A Systematic Review of Peruvian Contributions to Scientific Publications on Experimental Research Against COVID-19. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.4.0080.

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Review question / Objective: The objective of this research work is to evaluate the generation capacity of experimental research carried out in Peru, which will help in making future decisions, both to establish future studies, to elucidate the lack of studies in certain areas, as well as to determine the country's roadmap in a current and future state of emergency. Condition being studied: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has spread worldwide becoming a pandemic with catastrophic effects. SARS-CoV-2 severely affects humans because it is highly transmissible and rapidly mutating, and is reported to have a mortality rate between 0.8-19.6% with regional variation. Various health strategies have been applied around the world, such as non-pharmacological interventions (use of masks, social distancing, monitoring of infected persons, etc.) and vaccination to reduce the spread of the virus and contagion. However, since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, there have been approximately 755 million cases of COVID-19 and 6.8 million deaths by February 2023.
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Wang, Xiao, Hong Shen, Yujie Liang, Yixin Wang, Meiqi Zhang, and Hongtao Ma. Effects of physical activity interventions for post-COVID-19 patients: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0036.

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Review question / Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has caused a huge impact in many countries and has attracted great attention from countries around the world. However, since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, most attention has focused on containing transmission and addressing the surge of critically ill patients in acute care settings. As we enter the second phase of the pandemic, emphasis must evolve to post care of COVID-19 survivors. A variety of persistent symptoms, such as severe fatigue, shortness of breath, and attention disorder have been reported at several months after the onset of the infection. We urgently need to identify safe and effective COVID-19 rehabilitative strategies. Overwhelming evidence exists that physical activity produces short-, middle- and long-term health benefits that prevent, delay, mitigate and even reverse a large number of metabolic, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of physical activity interventions for rehabilitation of post-covid-19 patient and provide a reliable method and credible evidence to improve the prognosis of post-COVID-19 patients via systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Şeker, Muzaffer, Ali Özer, Zekeriya Tosun, Cem Korkut, and Mürsel Doğrul, eds. The Assessment Report on COVID-19 Global Outbreak. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.2020.119.

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"In late December 2019, a large number of patients with unknown causes of pneumonia were reported by press from a seafood market in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. This coronavirus was originally named the 2019 new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 12, 2020. The Coronavirus Working Group (CSG) of the WHO and International Committee proposed to call the new virus SARS-CoV-2 on February 11, 2020. As a result of the samples taken from the patient, the whole genome sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 was isolated on January 7, 2020, by Chinese scientists in a short time. WHO announced on February 11, 2020; that “COVID-19” will become the official name of the disease. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, director of the WHO, said the epidemic meant “ko”, “corona”, “vi” for “virus” and “d” for “disease” as first described on December 31, 2019. Such a name has been preferred to avoid stigmatizing a particular region, animal species or human. The infection, which started to spread first in China and then in nearby countries, spread to most countries later on. The epidemic soon reached an international dimension, affecting the whole world. As a result, the WHO considered COVID-19 as an international public health problem and declared it as a pandemic on January 30, 2020. In humans, coronaviruses cause some cases of colds and respiratory infections that can be fatal, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In recent years, new viral infections have been detected periodically in various countries. The first epidemic; was observed in 2002-2003 as a result of the crossing of a new coronavirus from bat origin to humans through palm civet cats in Guangdong Province, China. This virus, called SARS, affected a total of 8422 people in China and caused 916 deaths (11% mortality, however different rates are given in different literatures). The second epidemic event occurred approximately 10 years later. In 2012, the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged from bat origin through a dromedary camel in Saudi Arabia. It affected a total of 2494 people and caused 858 deaths (mortality rate of 34%). WHO has declared it as a pandemic after the outbreak and scientists are doing great efforts to identify the characterization of the new coronavirus and to develop antiviral therapies and vaccines. Clinical studies and vaccination studies are still ongoing fastly. Also, the pathogenesis of the virus is still not fully known, and new studies are needed in this regard. Currently, effective infection control intervention is the only way to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The most appropriate prophylactic regimen for patients under observation due to COVID-19 related disease is unknown. For this reason, treatment protocols should be planned by following the current guidelines. This study consists of evaluating the opinions about the history of pandemics associated with COVID-19, related definitions and the projects being carried out with the compilation of available resources, the development stages of the pandemic and the projection of postpandemic interaction so far."
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Şeker, Muzaffer, Ali Özer, Zekeriya Tosun, Cem Korkut, and Mürsel Doğrul, eds. COVID-19 Küresel Salgın Değerlendirme Raporu. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.2020.118.

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"In late December 2019, a large number of patients with unknown causes of pneumonia were reported by press from a seafood market in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. This coronavirus was originally named the 2019 new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 12, 2020. The Coronavirus Working Group (CSG) of the WHO and Internati- onal Committee proposed to call the new virus SARS-CoV-2 on February 11, 2020. As a result of the samples taken from the patient, the whole genome sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 was isolated on January 7, 2020, by Chinese scientists in a short time. WHO announced on Febru- ary 11, 2020; that “COVID-19” will become the official name of the disease. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, director of the WHO, said the epidemic meant “ko”, “corona”, “vi” for “virus” and “d” for “disease” as first described on December 31, 2019. Such a name has been preferred to avoid stigmatizing a particular region, animal species or human. The infection, which started to spread first in China and then in nearby countries, spread to most countries later on. The epidemic soon reached an international dimension, affecting the whole world. As a result, the WHO considered COVID-19 as an international public health problem and declared it as a pandemic on January 30, 2020. In humans, coronaviruses cause some cases of colds and respiratory infections that can be fatal, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In recent years, new viral infections have been detected periodically in various countries. The first epidemic; was observed in 2002-2003 as a result of the crossing of a new coronavirus from bat origin to humans through palm civet cats in Guangdong Province, China. This virus, called SARS, affected a total of 8422 people in China and caused 916 deaths (11% mortality, however different rates are given in different literatures). The second epidemic event occurred approximately 10 years later. In 2012, the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged from bat origin through a dromedary camel in Saudi Arabia. It affected a total of 2494 people and caused 858 deaths (mortality rate of 34%). WHO has declared it as a pandemic after the outbreak and scientists are doing great efforts to identify the characterization of the new coronavirus and to develop antiviral therapies and vaccines. Clinical studies and vaccination studies are still ongo- ing fastly. Also, the pathogenesis of the virus is still not fully known, and new studies are needed in this regard. Currently, effective infection control intervention is the only way to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The most appropriate prophylactic regimen for patients under observa- tion due to COVID-19 related disease is unknown. For this reason, treatment protocols should be planned by following the current guidelines. This study consists of evaluating the opinions about the history of pandemics associated with COVID-19, related definitions and the projects being carried out with the compilation of avai- lable resources, the development stages of the pandemic and the projection of postpandemic interaction."
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Jenkins, J. Lee, Edbert B. Hsu, Anna Russell, Allen Zhang, Lisa M. Wilson, and Eric B. Bass. Infection Prevention and Control for the Emergency Medical Services and 911 Workforce. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb42.

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Objectives. To summarize current evidence on exposures to infectious pathogens in the emergency medical services (EMS) and 911 workforce, and on practices for preventing, recognizing, and controlling occupationally acquired infectious diseases and related exposures in that workforce. Review methods. We obtained advice on how to answer four Guiding Questions by recruiting a panel of external experts on EMS clinicians, State-level EMS leadership, and programs relevant to EMS personnel, and by engaging representatives of professional societies in infectious diseases and emergency medicine. We searched PubMed®, Embase®, CINAHL®, and SCOPUS from January 2006 to March 2022 for relevant studies. We also searched for reports from State and Federal Government agencies or nongovernmental organizations interested in infection prevention and control in the EMS and 911 workforce. Results. Twenty-five observational studies reported on the epidemiology of infections in the EMS and 911 workforce. They did not report demographic differences except for a higher risk of hepatitis C in older workers and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in minorities. EMS clinicians certified/licensed in Advanced Life Support have a high risk for blood and fluid exposure, and EMS clinicians had a higher risk of hospitalization or death from SARS-CoV-2 than firefighters whose roles were not primarily related to medical care. Eleven observational studies reported on infection prevention and control practices (IPC), providing some evidence that hand hygiene, standard precautions, mandatory vaccine policies, and on-site vaccine clinics are effective. Research on IPC in EMS and 911 workers has increased significantly since the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Conclusions. Moderate evidence exists on the epidemiology of infections and effectiveness of IPC practices in EMS and 911 workers, including hand hygiene, standard precautions, mandatory vaccine policies, and vaccine clinics. Most evidence is observational, with widely varying methods, outcomes, and reporting. More research is needed on personal protective equipment effectiveness and vaccine acceptance, and better guidance is needed for research methods in the EMS and 911 worker setting.
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F, Verdugo-Paiva, Izcovich A, Ragusa M, and Rada G. Lopinavir/ritonavir for the treatment of COVID-19: A living systematic review protocol. Epistemonikos Interactive Evidence Synthesis, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/ies.4f3c02f030.

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Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Design This is the protocol of a living systematic review. Data sources We will conduct searches in the [https://app.iloveevidence.com/loves/5e6fdb9669c00e4ac072701d](L.OVE platform for COVID-19), a system that maps PICO questions to a repository maintained through regular searches in electronic databases, preprint servers, trial registries and other resources relevant to COVID-19. No date or language restrictions will be applied. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies and methods We adapted an already published common protocol for multiple parallel systematic reviews to the specificities of this question. We will include randomised trials evaluating the effect of lopinavir/ritonavir— as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs — versus placebo or no treatment in patients with COVID-19. Randomised trials evaluating lopinavir/ritonavir in infections caused by other coronaviruses, such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, and non-randomised studies in COVID-19 will be searched in case no direct evidence from randomised trials is found, or if the direct evidence provides low- or very low-certainty for critical outcomes. Two reviewers will independently screen each study for eligibility, extract data, and assess the risk of bias. We will perform random-effects meta-analyses and use GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. A living, web-based version of this review will be openly available during the COVID-19 pandemic. We will resubmit it if the conclusions change or there are substantial updates. Ethics and dissemination No ethics approval is considered necessary. The results of this review will be widely disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, social networks and traditional media. PROSPERO Registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=179212](CRD42020179212) Keywords COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Coronavirus Infections, Systematic review, lopinavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, antivirals
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