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Journal articles on the topic 'Several mechanisms'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Sánchez-Viesca, Francisco, Martha Berros, and Reina Gómez. "Recent Advances in Several Organic Reaction Mechanisms." Modern Chemistry 7, no. 1 (2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190701.14.

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2

Cho, Min, Jaeeun Kim, Jee Yeon Kim, Jeyong Yoon, and Jae-Hong Kim. "Mechanisms of Escherichia coli inactivation by several disinfectants." Water Research 44, no. 11 (June 2010): 3410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.03.017.

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3

Ebert, Franziska, André Weiss, Milena Bültemeyer, Ingrit Hamann, Andrea Hartwig, and Tanja Schwerdtle. "Arsenicals affect base excision repair by several mechanisms." Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 715, no. 1-2 (October 2011): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.07.004.

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4

AI-Awad, Osama. "Acinetobacter baumannii using several mechanisms for carbapenem resistance." Burns 40, no. 5 (August 2014): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2014.01.029.

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5

Jiang, Nan, and Jun Biao Liu. "Design and Analysis of Motion Mechanism Driven by Several IDMs in Parallel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 197 (September 2012): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.197.55.

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As a kind of piezo actuator, impact drive mechanism (IDM) has advantages in precision machinery and instruments. Several IDMs are used in parallel to realize some motion mechanisms which have multi degrees of freedom (DOF). Two motion mechanisms are designed subsequently, and a spherical motor is designed and assembled in principle based on one of them. Experiment results reveal that this design method is feasible, but some problems exist, for example, vibration is serious. These problems should be solved in follow-up study.

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6

Odou, P., N. Ferrari, C. Barthelemy, S. Brique, M. Lhermitte, A. Vincent, C. Libersa, and H. Robert. "Grapefruit juice-nifedipine interaction: possible involvement of several mechanisms." Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 30, no. 2 (April 2005): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2710.2004.00618.x.

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7

Rolland, Benjamin, Renaud Jardri, Ali Amad, Pierre Thomas, Olivier Cottencin, and Régis Bordet. "Pharmacology of Hallucinations: Several Mechanisms for One Single Symptom?" BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/307106.

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Hallucinations are complex misperceptions, that principally occur in schizophrenia or after intoxication induced by three main classes of drugs: psychostimulants, psychedelics, and dissociative anesthetics. There are at least three different pharmacological ways to induce hallucinations: (1) activation of dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) with psychostimulants, (2) activation of serotonin 5HT2A receptors (HT2ARs) with psychedelics, and (3) blockage of glutamate NMDA receptors (NMDARs) with dissociative anesthetics. In schizophrenia, the relative importance of NMDAR and D2R in the occurrence of hallucinations is still debated. Slight clinical differences are observed for each etiology. Thus, we investigated whether the concept of hallucination is homogenous, both clinically and neurobiologically. A narrative review of the literature is proposed to synthesize how the main contributors in the field have approached and tried to solve these outstanding questions. While some authors prefer one explanatory mechanism, others have proposed more integrated theories based on the different pharmacological psychosis models. In this review, such theories are discussed and faced with the clinical data. In addition, the nosological aspects of hallucinations and psychosis are addressed. We suggest that if there may be common neurobiological pathways between the different pharmacological systems that are responsible for the hallucinations, there may also be unique properties of each system, which explains the clinical differences observed.

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8

Mrotzek, T., A. Hoffmann, and U. Martin. "Hardening mechanisms and recrystallization behaviour of several molybdenum alloys." International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 24, no. 4 (July 2006): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2005.10.003.

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9

Korgin, N. A., and V. O. Korepanov. "Experimental and theoretical comparison of several resource allocation mechanisms." IFAC-PapersOnLine 50, no. 1 (July 2017): 15592–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.1886.

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10

Li, Zhi Hui, Jun Ping Shi, and An Min Tang. "Research on Several Fracture Forms and Controlling Parameters of Ductile Materials." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 770–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.770.

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The experimental procedures of mixed mode fracture of several ductile materials are investigated. The position and direction of crack initiation are determined according to a new method. The variations of fracture caused by different physical mechanisms are analyzed. Through studying the changing regularity of different fracture mechanisms, it is believed that the main ways of the fracture in ductile materials can be divided into three groups. They are traction fracture and two different types of shear fracture. Void nucleation, expansion and coalescing are the dominant mechanism of traction fracture. The formation and development of localized shear bands are the dominant mechanism of the two different types of shear fracture. Localized large plastic deformation will cause damage within the material. The fundamental factor, which causes the occurrence of fracture in the material, is a certain stress parameter at the dangerous point has reached the critical fracture value of the material. Based on those phenomena listed above, several fracture controlling parameters for different fracture forms have been discussed, and several new parameters, which affect various fracture forms, have been proposed.

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11

Zugibe, F. T., M. Breithaupt, and J. Costello. "Cardiotoxic mechanisms and interrelationships of cocaine: including a single case depicting several of these mechanisms." Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine 5, no. 3 (September 1998): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-1131(98)90034-7.

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12

Van Tassel, Jonathan J., and Clive A. Randall. "Mechanisms of Electrophoretic Deposition." Key Engineering Materials 314 (July 2006): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.314.167.

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There is no single mechanism of electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Just as there are several mechanisms for creating a stable colloidal suspension, there are several mechanisms by which particles can be destabilized to form an adherent deposit at an electrode surface. The goal of this paper is to provide a listing of the mechanisms by which electrophoretic deposition can occur. Several of these mechanisms have already been demonstrated, while others remain speculative. The first step in this process is to provide a clear definition of what exactly EPD is, and, equally important, to clearly distinguish EPD from three other very similar processes: electrostatic coating, electrodeposition, and electrocasting. From this definition a series of logical steps leads to a list of mechanisms by which a stable colloid can be converted to a stable particle compact.

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13

Dworczak, Piotr. "Mechanism Design With Aftermarkets: Cutoff Mechanisms." Econometrica 88, no. 6 (2020): 2629–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta15768.

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I study a mechanism design problem in which a designer allocates a single good to one of several agents, and the mechanism is followed by an aftermarket—a post‐mechanism game played between the agent who acquired the good and third‐party market participants. The designer has preferences over final outcomes, but she cannot design the aftermarket. However, she can influence its information structure by publicly disclosing information elicited from the agents by the mechanism. I introduce a class of allocation and disclosure rules, called cutoff rules, that disclose information about the buyer's type only by revealing information about the realization of a random threshold (cutoff) that she had to outbid to win the object. When there is a single agent in the mechanism, I show that the optimal cutoff mechanism offers full privacy to the agent. In contrast, when there are multiple agents, the optimal cutoff mechanism may disclose information about the winner's type; I provide sufficient conditions for optimality of simple designs. I also characterize aftermarkets for which restricting attention to cutoff mechanisms is without loss of generality in a subclass of all feasible mechanisms satisfying additional conditions.

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14

Cho, K. O., W. C. Skarnes, B. Minsk, S. Palmieri, L. Jackson-Grusby, and J. A. Wagner. "Nerve growth factor regulates gene expression by several distinct mechanisms." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 1 (January 1989): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.1.135-143.1989.

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To help elucidate the mechanisms by which nerve growth factor (NGF) regulates gene expression, we have identified and studied four genes (a-2, d-2, d-4, and d-5) that are positively regulated by NGF in PC12 cells, including one (d-2) which has previously been identified as a putative transcription factor (NGF I-A). Three of these genes, including d-2, were induced very rapidly at the transcriptional level, but the relative time courses of transcription and mRNA accumulation of each of these three genes were distinct. The fourth gene (d-4) displayed no apparent increase in transcription that corresponded to the increase in its mRNA, suggesting that NGF may regulate its expression at a posttranscriptional level. Thus, NGF positively regulates gene expression by more than one mechanism. These genes could also be distinguished on the basis of their response to cyclic AMP. The expression of d-2 and a-2 was increased by cholera toxin and further augmented by NGF; however, cholera toxin not only failed to increase the levels of d-5 and d-4 mRNA but also actually inhibited the NGF-dependent increase. The expression of each of these genes, including d-2 (NGF I-A), was also increased by fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor (EGF), phorbol myristate acetate, and in some cases insulin, showing that the regulation of these genes is not unique to NGF. Because each of these genes was expressed in response to phorbol myristate acetate and EGF, their expression may be necessary but is certainly not sufficient for neurite formation. The protein kinase inhibitor K-252a prevented the NGF-associated, but not the acidic FGF-associated, induction of d-2 and d-5 gene expression, suggesting that these two growth factors may regulate gene expression via different cellular pathways. The study of the regulation of the expression of these and other NGF-inducible genes should valuable new information concerning how NGF and other growth factors cause neural differentiation.

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15

Blanken, Peter D., and Wayne R. Rouse. "Evidence of Water Conservation Mechanisms in Several Subarctic Wetland Species." Journal of Applied Ecology 33, no. 4 (August 1996): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2404954.

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16

Rabbani, Majid, and Richard Van Metter. "Analysis of signal and noise propagation for several imaging mechanisms." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 6, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.6.001156.

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17

Cho, K. O., W. C. Skarnes, B. Minsk, S. Palmieri, L. Jackson-Grusby, and J. A. Wagner. "Nerve growth factor regulates gene expression by several distinct mechanisms." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 1 (January 1989): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.1.135.

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To help elucidate the mechanisms by which nerve growth factor (NGF) regulates gene expression, we have identified and studied four genes (a-2, d-2, d-4, and d-5) that are positively regulated by NGF in PC12 cells, including one (d-2) which has previously been identified as a putative transcription factor (NGF I-A). Three of these genes, including d-2, were induced very rapidly at the transcriptional level, but the relative time courses of transcription and mRNA accumulation of each of these three genes were distinct. The fourth gene (d-4) displayed no apparent increase in transcription that corresponded to the increase in its mRNA, suggesting that NGF may regulate its expression at a posttranscriptional level. Thus, NGF positively regulates gene expression by more than one mechanism. These genes could also be distinguished on the basis of their response to cyclic AMP. The expression of d-2 and a-2 was increased by cholera toxin and further augmented by NGF; however, cholera toxin not only failed to increase the levels of d-5 and d-4 mRNA but also actually inhibited the NGF-dependent increase. The expression of each of these genes, including d-2 (NGF I-A), was also increased by fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor (EGF), phorbol myristate acetate, and in some cases insulin, showing that the regulation of these genes is not unique to NGF. Because each of these genes was expressed in response to phorbol myristate acetate and EGF, their expression may be necessary but is certainly not sufficient for neurite formation. The protein kinase inhibitor K-252a prevented the NGF-associated, but not the acidic FGF-associated, induction of d-2 and d-5 gene expression, suggesting that these two growth factors may regulate gene expression via different cellular pathways. The study of the regulation of the expression of these and other NGF-inducible genes should valuable new information concerning how NGF and other growth factors cause neural differentiation.

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18

Xue, Han, Di Chen, Yan‐Ke Zhong, Zhen‐Diao Zhou, Shi‐Xin Fang, Ming‐Yao Li, and Chuang Guo. "Deferoxamine ameliorates hepatosteatosis via several mechanisms in ob/ob mice." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1375, no. 1 (July 2016): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13174.

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19

Xu, Zhongzi, and R. D. Hooton. "Migration of alkali ions in mortar due to several mechanisms." Cement and Concrete Research 23, no. 4 (July 1993): 951–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(93)90049-f.

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20

Kagami, Shin-ichiro, Hiroshi Nakajima, Akira Suto, Koichi Hirose, Kotaro Suzuki, Sumiyo Morita, Ikunoshin Kato, Yasushi Saito, Toshio Kitamura, and Itsuo Iwamoto. "Stat5a regulates T helper cell differentiation by several distinct mechanisms." Blood 97, no. 8 (April 15, 2001): 2358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v97.8.2358.

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Abstract We have previously shown that CD4+ T cell–mediated allergic inflammation is diminished in signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)5a-deficient (Stat5a−/−) mice. To determine whether Stat5a regulates T helper cell differentiation, we studied T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cell differentiation of Stat5a−/−CD4+ T cells at single-cell levels. First, Th2 cell differentiation from antigen-stimulated splenocytes was significantly decreased in Stat5a−/− mice as compared with that in wild-type mice. Further, Th2 cell differentiation was also impaired in Stat5a−/− mice even when purified CD4+ T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 antibodies in the presence of interleukin-4. Moreover, the retrovirus-mediated gene expression of Stat5a in Stat5a−/−CD4+ T cells restored the Th2 cell differentiation at the similar levels to that in wild-type CD4+ T cells. In addition, interleukin-4 normally phosphorylated Stat6 in CD4+ T cells from Stat5a−/− mice. Second, the development of CD4+CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells was impaired in Stat5a−/− mice, as indicated by a significant decrease in the number of CD4+CD25+ T cells in Stat5a−/− mice. Furthermore, the depletion of CD4+CD25+ T cells from wild-type splenocytes significantly decreased Th2 cell differentiation but increased Th1 cell differentiation, whereas the depletion of CD4+CD25+ T cells from Stat5a−/−splenocytes had no significant effect on the Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation. Together, these results indicate that the intrinsic expression of Stat5a in CD4+ T cells is required for Th2 cell differentiation and that Stat5a is involved in the development of CD4+CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells that modulate T helper cell differentiation toward Th2 cells.

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21

Olm, Carsten, István Gy Zsély, Róbert Pálvölgyi, Tamás Varga, Tibor Nagy, Henry J. Curran, and Tamás Turányi. "Comparison of the performance of several recent hydrogen combustion mechanisms." Combustion and Flame 161, no. 9 (September 2014): 2219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.03.006.

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22

Olm, Carsten, István Gy Zsély, Tamás Varga, Henry J. Curran, and Tamás Turányi. "Comparison of the performance of several recent syngas combustion mechanisms." Combustion and Flame 162, no. 5 (May 2015): 1793–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.12.001.

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23

Luck, K., and K. H. Modler. "Burmester Theory for Four-Bar-Band Mechanisms." Journal of Mechanical Design 117, no. 1 (March 1, 1995): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826097.

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A band mechanism includes inter alia a flexible band and a disk profile. Such a mechanism can be used for path generation better than a four-bar linkage. Also several plane positions can be realized. This paper investigates the synthesis of four-bar-band mechanisms by using complex vector algebra. Several technical tasks demonstrate the flexible application of such mechanisms. These tasks are formulated according to the well-known Burmester Theory, but with higher claims and a solution achieved by analytical methods. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates that a four-bar linkage is a special case of a four-bar-band mechanism.

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24

Valkonen, J. P. T. "Mechanisms of resistance to viruses." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (January 1, 2002): S132—S135. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10337-pps.

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Resistance associated with a hypersensitive response (HR) and subsequent development of necrotic lesions (cell death) at the sites of virus infection can restrict virus movement in plants. Genes for HR are dominant and act on a gene-for-gene basis. Many viral proteins triggering HR have been identified. Also, several genes for HR-based virus resistance, or virus-induced cell death without resistance, have been isolated and characterized in plants, which provides novel insights to the mechanisms of virus resistance. Another international, major research frontier has formed more recently around RNA silencing, a universal RNA surveillance system and inducible virus defence mechanism in multicellular organisms. Many viral proteins interfere with different phases of RNA silencing. The data provide novel insights to break-down of resistance in mixed virus infections (viral synergism), resistance to virus movement, and recovery of plants from virus infection.

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25

WAKASUGI, Shohachi. "Constitutive relationships of elastic/viscoplastic materials deforming due to several mechanisms." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 52, no. 482 (1986): 2436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.52.2436.

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26

Schroder, J. M., J. Larsen, Y. Komarova, A. Akhmanova, R. I. Thorsteinsson, I. Grigoriev, R. Manguso, et al. "EB1 and EB3 promote cilia biogenesis by several centrosome-related mechanisms." Journal of Cell Science 124, no. 15 (July 18, 2011): 2539–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.085852.

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27

Buonocore, Michelangelo, Laura Demartini, Anna Maria Aloisi, and Cesare Bonezzi. "Dynamic Mechanical Allodynia-One Clinical Sign, Several Mechanisms: Five Illustrative Cases." Pain Practice 16, no. 3 (February 16, 2016): E48—E55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/papr.12416.

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28

Walker, John B., and Laszlo Bajzar. "Several Mechanisms Contribute to the Basic Carboxypeptidase Mediated Downregulation of Fibrinolysis." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 1736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.1736.1736.

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Abstract Activated thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFIa) is an intrinsically unstable basic carboxypeptidase which removes C-terminal lysine residues from plasmin-degraded fibrin. This modification of the fibrin surface attenuates fibrinolysis via several mechanisms. First, plasminogen activation is downregulated due to the loss of high affinity plasminogen binding. Second, the rate of plasmin inhibition is increased due to the loss of the protection from inhibition that degraded fibrin confers on plasmin. Finally, fibrin degradation by plasmin becomes less efficient due to the loss of cleavage cooperativity. Although carboxypeptidase-mediated downregulation of the fibrinolytic process has been studied, the relative contribution of each mechanism to the aggregate antifibrinolytic process remains unclear. We, therefore, undertook the following study to measure the contribution of plasmin protection and fibrin cleavage cooperativity to the overall antifibrinolytic effect. To this end, we studied the lysis of clots formed from purified fibrinogen, thrombin and plasmin in the presence and absence of various concentrations of aprotinin, a tight-binding but reversible plasmin inhibitor, and pancreatic carboxypeptidase B (CPB), a stable carboxypeptidase highly homologous to TAFIa. To determine the overall antifibrinolytic effect, we studied the lysis of clots formed from the same components, but using plasminogen with various concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in place of plasmin. In the absence of the inhibitor, CPB saturably increased the plasmin-mediated lysis time by 1.2-fold of that seen in the absence of CPB, suggesting that the loss of cleavage cooperativity increases lysis time by ~20%. The effect of plasmin protection from aprotinin, mediated by recruitment of plasmin to the degraded fibrin surface, was demonstrated using a fixed concentration of plasmin (20nM) and various concentrations of aprotinin (5–20nM). When plasmin was equimolar with or in excess of aprotinin, CPB saturably prolonged lysis by a factor which increased as the concentration of aprotinin increased: saturating CPB (50nM) increased the lysis times by 1.3, 1.5, 1.9 and 2.3-fold at 5, 10, 15 and 20nM aprotinin. When an excess of aprotinin was included (30nM), CPB saturably increased the plasmin-mediated lysis time identically over a range of plasmin concentrations: saturating CPB (50nM) increased the lysis times 2.4, 2.4, 2.3 and 2.3-fold at plasmin concentrations of 10, 15, 20 and 25nM, respectively. Since the total increase (2.4-fold) results from the loss of plasmin protection in addition to the loss of cleavage cooperativity (1.2-fold), we conclude that the loss of plasmin protection increases lysis time ~ 2.4/1.2 = 2-fold. When plasminogen (200nM) and tPA (25–200pM) were used in place of plasmin, CPB also saturably increased lysis time: saturating CPB (50nM) increased lysis times by ~ 15-fold at 150nM aprotinin and by ~ 17-fold at 300nM aprotinin for 25, 50, 100 and 200pM tPA. Since the total increase in lysis time (~ 16-fold) in these experiments results from the downregulation of plasminogen activation in addition to the loss of cleavage cooperativity (1.2-fold) and the loss of plasmin protection (2-fold), we estimate that the downregulation of plasminogen activation resulting from sustained removal of C-terminal lysine residues by a basic carboxypeptidase during fibrinolysis increases clot lysis time by 16/(1.2 x 2) ~ 6.7-fold.

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29

Stanton, Timothy K., Dezhang Chu, and Peter H. Wiebe. "Dominant scattering mechanisms and associated scattering models for several zooplankton types." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 98, no. 5 (November 1995): 2881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.413129.

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30

Bleyer, Jeremy, and Roberto Alessi. "Phase-field modeling of anisotropic brittle fracture including several damage mechanisms." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 336 (July 2018): 213–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2018.03.012.

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31

Li, Bo, Tao Zang, Ji Zhou, Hai Guo, Zhao Xiong Qi, and Shuai Wang. "Manufacturing Technology for Niobium Oxide Electrolytic Capacitor and Several Correlative Mechanisms." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 1631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.1631.

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Methods of manufacturing Niobium oxide electrolytic capacitor were studied in this work. Some phenomena were found and the reasons or mechanisms were studied by using SEM(scanning electron microscope), EDS. In experiment, comparing with the type 6.3V/47μF tantalum capacitor, NbO powder were pressed to pellet as the capacitor anode, then the NbO capacitor was manufactured through the following processes: sintering, welding, anode oxidation, MnO2 decomposition and cathode coating. Its capacitance, leakage current, ESR(equivalent series resistance) and tgδ were measured and compared with that of the simily type of tantalum capacitor, and the suitable technical parameters were chosen

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32

Schrøder, Jacob M., Jesper Larsen, Yulia Komarova, Anna Akhmanova, Rikke I. Thorsteinsson, Ilya Grigoriev, Robert Manguso, et al. "EB1 and EB3 promote cilia biogenesis by several centrosome-related mechanisms." Development 138, no. 16 (July 26, 2011): e1608-e1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.072231.

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33

Dworkin, Robert H. "An Overview of Neuropathic Pain: Syndromes, Symptoms, Signs, and Several Mechanisms." Clinical Journal of Pain 18, no. 6 (November 2002): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002508-200211000-00001.

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34

Delicado, Esmerilda G., Ana I. Jiménez, Enrique Castro, and Ma Teresa Miras-Portugal. "Cerebellar astrocytes coexpress different purinoceptors: Cross-talk between several transduction mechanisms." Drug Development Research 52, no. 1-2 (January 2001): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ddr.1105.

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35

Teunissen, C. E., D. Lütjohann, K. von Bergmann, F. Verhey, F. Vreeling, A. Wauters, E. Bosmans, et al. "Combination of serum markers related to several mechanisms in Alzheimer’s disease." Neurobiology of Aging 24, no. 7 (November 2003): 893–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4580(03)00005-8.

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36

Frelin, Christian, and Catherine Van Renterghem. "Palytoxin. Recent electrophysiological and pharmacological evidence for several mechanisms of action." General Pharmacology: The Vascular System 26, no. 1 (January 1995): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-3623(94)00133-8.

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37

Jones, W. R., M. J. Jansen, L. J. Gschwender, C. E. Snyder, S. K. Sharma, R. E. Predmore, and M. J. Dube. "The tribological properties of several silahydrocarbons for use in space mechanisms." Journal of Synthetic Lubrication 20, no. 4 (January 2004): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsl.3000200404.

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38

Qomaladewi, Nurinanda Prisky, and Jae Youl Cho. "The activity of bioactive compounds against several diseases by modulating autophagy." Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology 2, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/crbb.2021.2.2/wiwb7317.

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Several bioactive compounds derived from Indonesia plants, such as xanthorrhizol, gingerol, and pinostrobin are the major compound in a certain plant. They have some pharmacological activities against several diseases, such as inflammation, tumor, and cancer, and modulate other mechanisms. One of them is one of programmed cell death called autophagy. The regulation involves several pathways on upstream and downstream of the autophagy mechanism and affects its activity. Each of the compound has different site of target when it comes to different case of diseases. Here we explained how the bioactive compounds regulate autophagy against several diseases.

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39

Mavroidis, C., and B. Roth. "New and Revised Overconstrained Mechanisms." Journal of Mechanical Design 117, no. 1 (March 1, 1995): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826120.

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In this paper we use a new general method which allows us to verify all known overconstrained mechanism classes, and to correct errors in several previously published overconstraint conditions. Also, we present a general classification of overconstrained mechanisms, and use our methodology to discover new overconstrained mechanisms. Examples of the input-output curves for the new mechanisms are presented.

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40

Morales, Sara, Marlon A Gallego, Johanna M. Vanegas, and J. Natalia Jiménez. "Detection of carbapenem resistance genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates with several phenotypic susceptibility profiles." Ces Medicina 32, no. 3 (December 2018): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21615/cesmedicina.32.3.2.

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Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa display several resistance mechanisms to carbapenems and such variety makes it difficult to infer from the antibiogram. The aim of this study was to determine the carbapenem resistance genes in P. aeruginosa isolates with different profiles of phenotypic susceptibility to these antibiotics. Materials and methods: From a microbial collection of P. aeruginosa isolates from infected patients, 40 isolates with different carbapenem resistance profiles were selected. The carbapenemases genes, and expression of the OprD porin, the MexAB-OprM efflux pump and the β-lactamase AmpC were determined. Results: From a total of 40 isolates evaluted, in 21 (52.5%) any mechanism of resistance evaluated were detected. In the meropenem-resistant group, overexpression of AmpC (n = 1) and decreased expression of MexAB-OprM (n = 2) and OprD (n = 1) were found. A decrease in the expression of MexAB-OprM was observed in imipenem-resistant group (n = 3) and mutations in the gene encoding the OprD porin (n = 1). Finally, the presence of carbapenemases (VIM, n= 3, KPC-2 / VIM, n = 1) was detected in imipenem-meropenem resistant isolates. Conclusion: The phenotypic susceptibility profiles in P. aeruginosa isolates were not explained by the molecular mechanisms explored, with the exception of carbapenemase-producing isolates. These results evidence the complexity of the antibiotic resistance mechanisms involved in this bacterium.

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Chen, Yan-song, I.-Ming Chen, and Tyng Liu. "A design approach for multi-configuration hybrid transmission mechanisms." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 12 (June 20, 2020): 2744–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020924981.

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Several hybrid architectures have been widely used in hybrid electric vehicles. For example, power-split architecture brings seamless operation, while parallel architecture makes the internal combustion engine directly drive the wheel. To combine the advantages of various architectures, this study aims to develop a design approach to create a transmission mechanism that has multiple configurations and uses these configurations to achieve several hybrid architectures. First, this study standardized hybrid transmission mechanisms using the Function Power Graph; this powerful and intuitive tool inspired several elements and an element layout for the new mechanisms. Then, several configurations with up to five elements were enumerated and organized into the databases. Next, the mechanisms with multiple configurations and a limited number of clutching units (clutches or brakes) were evaluated, 10 of which were identified as the best group that provided five parallel configurations, two 2-motor electric vehicle configurations, and a power-split configuration. At the end of this paper, a novel hybrid transmission mechanism was developed as a demonstration. It provides higher power and torque at the output but there is no need to use the larger internal combustion engine or motor-generators. This mechanism also enables the internal combustion engine to drive in overdrive parallel architectures to avoid the loss in energy conversion when the power-split architecture is not required. As a result, after a designer specifies the desired hybrid configurations, follows the procedure, and uses the configuration databases built in this study, a novel hybrid transmission mechanism will be created.

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Ji, Zhifei, Tuanjie Li, and Min Lin. "STIFFNESS AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A PLANAR CLASS-2 TENSEGRITY MECHANISM." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 39, no. 1 (March 2015): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2015-0004.

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Tensegrity mechanisms have several attractive characteristics such as light-weight, deployable and easily modeled. In this paper, the stiffness and dynamics of a planar class-2 tensegrity mechanism are studied. Firstly, the solutions to the kinematic problems are found by using a method of reduced coordinates. Then, the stiffness of the mechanism is investigated on the basis of a stiffness matrix. The mechanism’s stiffnesses along directions defined nodal coordinates are computed. Finally, a dynamic model is derived and the motions of the mechanism are simulated.

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Isobe, Kohichi. "Formation Mechanisms of Several Kinds of Segregation on Continuous Casting of Bloom." Tetsu-to-Hagane 98, no. 8 (2012): 405–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.98.405.

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Nawagamuwage, Sithara U., Layla N. Qasim, Xiao Zhou, Tammy X. Leong, Igor V. Parshin, Janarthanan Jayawickramarajah, Alexander L. Burin, and Igor V. Rubtsov. "Competition of Several Energy-Transport Initiation Mechanisms Defines the Ballistic Transport Speed." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 125, no. 27 (June 29, 2021): 7546–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03986.

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Marilena Stancu, Mihaela. "Investigation of the Organic Solvent Resistance Mechanisms inRhodococcusandLysinibacillusUsing Several Molecular Forensic Tools." Environmental Forensics 16, no. 3 (July 3, 2015): 242–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2015.1059389.

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Satyanarayana, A., and P. Kaldis. "Mammalian cell-cycle regulation: several Cdks, numerous cyclins and diverse compensatory mechanisms." Oncogene 28, no. 33 (June 29, 2009): 2925–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/onc.2009.170.

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Chu, HongPeng, ShuYang Shi, and YuLin Zhou. "Digital type synthesis method of twin parallel mechanisms and several novel manipulators." Mechanism and Machine Theory 155 (January 2021): 104103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2020.104103.

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Ali, A., A. V. Borisov, and D. V. Zhuridov. "Mechanisms of neutrinoless double-beta decay: A comparative analysis of several nuclei." Physics of Atomic Nuclei 73, no. 12 (December 2010): 2083–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063778810120136.

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Xie, Y., and H. M. Hawthorne. "The damage mechanisms of several plasma-sprayed ceramic coatings in controlled scratching." Wear 233-235 (December 1999): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1648(99)00211-2.

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Gerencser, George A., Gregory A. Ahearn, Frank Robbins, and Mark A. Cattey. "Chloride transport by lobster hepatopancreas is facilitated by several anion antiport mechanisms." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 125, no. 2 (February 2000): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1095-6433(99)00173-7.

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