Journal articles on the topic 'Settlers'
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1
Youé, Chris. "Settler colonialism or colonies with settlers?" Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines 52, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2018.1429868.
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Rhook, Nadia. "“Turban-clad” British Subjects." Transfers 5, no. 3 (December 1, 2015): 104–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2015.050308.
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The late nineteenth century saw a wave of Indian migrants arrive in Victoria, many of whom took up the occupation of hawking. These often-described “turban-clad hawkers” regularly became visible to settlers as they moved through public space en route to the properties of their rural customers. This article explores how the turban became a symbol of the masculine threat Indians posed to the settler order of late nineteenth-century Victoria, Australia. This symbolism was tied up with the two-fold terrestrial and oceanic mobility of 'turban-clad' men; mobilities that took on particular meanings in a settler-colonial context where sedentarism was privileged over movement, and in a decade when legislators in Victoria and across the Australian colonies were working out ways to exclude Indian British subjects from the imagined Australian nation. I argue that European settlers' anxieties about the movements of Indian British subjects over sea and over land became metonymically conflated in ways that expressed and informed the late nineteenth-century project to create a settled and purely white nation. These findings have repercussions for understandings of the contemporaneous emergence of nationalisms in other British settler colonies.
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Hofri-Winogradow, Adam S. "Zionist Settlers and the English Private Trust in Mandate Palestine." Law and History Review 30, no. 3 (August 2012): 813–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248012000260.
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The basic colonial encounter involved a colonizing power and colonized locals. Some colonial situations were more complex, involving a third element: settlers of nonlocal stock originating in an ethnos, or nation, different than that with which the colonizer was identified. Two prominent examples from the annals of the British Empire are the French inhabitants of Nouvelle France after France ceded it to the British in 1763, and the Dutch inhabitants of the Cape Colony after the British conquest of 1806. The British typically permitted such settler populations to retain at least parts of the laws to which they were accustomed, which laws were often based on the laws of the settlers' jurisdiction of origin. As regards settler use of English law, the English sometimes provided for the application of parts of it to non-British settlers, while blocking such settlers' attempts to use other parts. The part of English law most commonly applied to non-British colonial subjects, both settlers and natives, was commercial law, in order to facilitate commerce between different parts of the Empire. The parts least commonly applied to such inhabitants were family law, land law, and the law of inheritance.
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Allister, Karine Mac. "The Legal Consequences of Faits Accomplis." Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies 6, no. 1 (May 4, 2015): 17–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18781527-00601003.
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This paper discusses the legal consequences following the transfer of settlers into occupied territories more precisely the dichotomy between the rights of settlers the rights of protected persons victims. At the heart of the matter are the questions: What to do with settlers transferred into occupied territories in the post-conflict period? Should settlers be removed from the territory where they were transferred to allow victims to access restitution? In the alternative, should settlers be considered to have acquired a de facto ‘right to stay’ or a right not to be expelled under international human rights law the principle of humanity? Do settlers have rights? Do all settlers have the same rights? There is no consensual answer to these sensitive questions where proposed solutions vary on a spectrum from collective expulsion to the unconditional integration of settlers. Emerging from a case analysis is an international response to settler transfer that is complaisant of fait accompli resulting in a balance tilting in favor of the status quo to the not infrequent detriment of protected victims’ rights. This article attempts to reconcile conflicting rights by proposing a response framework cognizant of all relevant branches of international law.
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Hughes-d’Aeth, Tony. "Settlers of the Marsh: settler desire and its vicissitudes." Settler Colonial Studies 9, no. 3 (October 29, 2018): 341–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2201473x.2018.1491154.
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Särkkä, Timo. "Imperialists without an empire?" Journal of Migration History 1, no. 1 (June 9, 2015): 75–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23519924-00101005.
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This article discusses settler identity formation, in the colonial polity known as Rhodesia, using Finnish nationals as a case study. It studies the involvement of Finns in natural resource extraction in Rhodesia at a time when the colonial economy and settler domination were still in their infancy, and examines both Finnish participation in colonial practices and the limitations of Finns as colonialists. White settlers in Rhodesia have typically been categorised as ‘Europeans’ partly because of their sense of representing a generalised idea of Western civilisation and partly in order to underline contrasts between black and white experiences in the history of colonialism. By focusing on the more specific provenance of the settlers (their nationality and country of origin), it is possible to reveal idiosyncrasies through which we can appreciate settler identity formation more precisely. Finnish settlers, in their various capacities as prospectors, soldiers, hunters and planters, adapted ideas and identities that cannot easily be disentangled from those of colonisers.
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Reicher, Amir. "Zrima." History of the Present 13, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 219–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/21599785-10630138.
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Abstract This article is about a particular kind of settler-colonial phenomenology. It is based on almost two years of anthropological fieldwork in the West Bank, during which the author lived in an illegal Jewish outpost settlement in the Judean Desert frontier. Despite being considered the most extreme settlers, and despite being at the forefront of the colonization of the West Bank, many of the “outpost people” are no longer motivated from the nationalist-messianic ideas that pushed forward the first generation of West Bank settlers. It is by disclosing the phenomenology of the flow that one is able to understand what drives the settler-colonial practices of this new generation of postideological settlers. More than a worldview, the flow is an existential force that animates these people’s settler-colonial way of being in the world. In disclosing the flow, this article also offers an understanding of a particular settler-colonial habitus, one that invites a different way to think about habitus as conceptualized by Pierre Bourdieu, and a somewhat different understanding of settler colonialism from the one ingrained in the field by Patrick Wolfe.
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Njuguna, Grace Wanjiru. "The Origin of European Settlement in Molo in the Early Colonial Period up to 1918." Editon Consortium Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Studies 1, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjahss.v1i2.79.
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The study examined the origin of European settlement in Molo in the early colonial period up to 1918. The study commenced in the year 1904 when land alienation for white settlement in Molo started. It was also in 1904 when the first settlers, Major Webb and Jasper Abraham, settled in Mariashoni and Kweresoi (Kuresoi) in Molo area respectively. Settler dominance in Molo was essentially a consequence of discriminatory economic policies adopted by the colonial state. The white settlers aimed to make strides in agricultural production because of their cumulative experiences, availability of infrastructure, capital and government support. The Colonial Capitalism Theory guided this study. Data was collected from informants through oral interviews and from the Kenya National Archives in Nairobi. Informants were identified through snowball sampling. Secondary sources such as books, journals and articles were also used. Data was analysed historically, thematically and logically. Finally, data has been presented in a qualitative form, which is descriptive in nature.
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Kangalawe, Hezron. "“Drinking too much, they can’t Work”: The Settlers, the Hehe Work Discipline and Environmental Conservation in Mufindi, Tanzania, 1920-1960." Tanzania Zamani: A Journal of Historical Research and Writing 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 125–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/tza20211315.
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The colonial state’s relation with the settlers and with plantation owners in Tanganyika was largely precarious. This article uses the Mufindi area to navigate the contrasting views of the settlers and the colonial state on poor response of the black labourers to work and ‘poor environmental management’ amidst increasing number of ‘natives’ between 1920 and 1960. The available data indicates that the colonial state remained a settlers’ broker in securing farming land while acting as the guardian of the natives’ interests of land ownership. As such, state responses exhibited a high degree of pragmatism. In Mufindi area of Iringa district, German settlers specialized in tea farming while British nationals were engaged in wheat production in the Sao Hill. The settlers, despite their numerical inferiority, pressed hard the government to grant them more land and create policies to compel Africans to work on their farms. Building on primary and secondary sources, this article adds to the existing historiography on colonial agriculture by analyzing the settler complaints over labourers’ low work discipline in previously unexplored area of Mufindi.
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Saleh, Abdulsalam M., and Mohamed F. Hamoda. "Upgrading of Secondary Clarifiers by Inclined Plate Settlers." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 7 (October 1, 1999): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0348.
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Secondary sedimentation is one of the most commonly used unit operations in wastewater treatment plants. It is customarily designed to achieve solids separation from biologically treated effluent through clarification of biological solids and thickening of sludge. As treatment plants receive increasingly high wastewater flow, conventional sedimentation tanks suffer from overloading problems which result in poor performance. Inclined plate settlers, a form of tube settlers, may have good potential in upgrading sedimentation tanks. This study was conducted to examine the possibility of applying inclined plate settlers in secondary sedimentation in order to upgrade conventional rectangular sedimentation tanks and improve their performance. Experiments were carried out at Al-Awir sewage treatment plant in Dubai using a pilot-scale inclined plate settler which received a mixed liquor stream from the high-rate activated sludge aeration tank. The results showed that inclined plate settlers perform slightly better than conventional type settlers during normal operation of plants, but during peak flows the inclined plate settlers showed much better performance than conventional settlers. The inclined plate settlers are less affected by overloading in comparison to conventional settlers. The solids removal efficiency increased as the hydraulic residence time was increased or as the surface loading rate was decreased. Application of these plates will not cause any interruption of daily operation of treatment plants and could be achieved at minimal cost when compared with other methods such as addition of chemicals, application of deep tanks, … etc. The study revealed that SS is a better parameter than TS, BOD, COD to evaluate the performance of sedimentation tanks. A statistical model was formulated to describe tank performance and design parameters were obtained based on the experimental results.
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Hore, Jarrod. "Settlers in Earthquake Country." Pacific Historical Review 91, no. 1 (2022): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2022.91.1.1.
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This article examines how settlers in New Zealand and California responded to seismic instability throughout the late nineteenth century. By interpreting a series of moments during which the foundations of settlement were shaken by earthquakes I argue that the economic temporality of colonial boom and bust inflected contemporary understandings of natural disaster. In earthquake country, the relationships between scientists and settlers, their environmental knowledge, and the physical world existed in a dynamic equilibrium. When earthquakes struck in opportune conditions settlers were quick to resume their speculation on land, scientists were inspired by upheaval, and artists found sublimity in instability. In times of doubt earthquakes induced a latent anxiety among settlers about the prospects of the colonial project. In this context natural disasters were framed as threats to growth or harbingers of decline. Read together, responses to earthquakes offer a new way into the environmental history of settler colonialism that places a form of creative destruction at the center of the colonial project on both sides of the Pacific Rim.
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Travers, Pauric, and Patrick Farrell. "Unsettling Settlers." Books Ireland, no. 120 (1988): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20625948.
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Krenn, Michael L. "Savage Settlers." Diplomatic History 40, no. 3 (March 11, 2016): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dh/dhw006.
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Jaeger, Peter. "The Settlers." Performance Research 14, no. 4 (December 2009): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13528160903553038.
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Dalsheim, Joyce, and Assaf Harel. "Representing Settlers." Review of Middle East Studies 43, no. 2 (2009): 219–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2151348100000677.
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Dick, Lyle. "Factors Affecting Prairie Settlement: A Case Study of Abernethy, Saskatchewan, in the 1880s." Historical Papers 20, no. 1 (April 26, 2006): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030930ar.
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Abstract Prairie agricultural settlement in the era of the National Policy has often been viewed as an organic process which rewarded the resourceful settlers, while punishing the unsuitable ones. To test this assumption the paper offers a detailed investigation of settlement in two districts in Saskatchewan. The three areas of analysis were the process of land acquisition, the settlers' performance during the homestead "proving- up" period, and long-term economic performance after the receipt of patent. In terms of land acquisition, both Anglo-Canadian settlers in the Abernethy district and German-speaking settlers at Neudorf chose the available lands nearest the railway. Their selection suggests an initial tendency toward commercial production among both groups. The difference was that Abernethy settlers, who generally arrived in the 1880s, claimed superior lands on the open prairie. While about half of these settlers never "proved-up" their homesteads, those who received their patents showed a fairly high degree of persistence as farmers. A close relationship between the receipt of additional quarter-sections of free grant land and long-term economic success was also observed. The German settlers at nearby Neudorf, who settled in the ¡890s on more marshy and wooded lands, showed a contrary tendency. These settlers were far less likely to cancel their homestead entries, but tended to leave their farms soon after receiving their patents. Studies of the long-term economic performance of settlers in both dis- tricts provide support for the proposition that early arrival, and the acquisition of good, cheap, accessible land were among the most powerful determinants of success in settlement.
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Joseph, Terra Walston. "“SAVING BRITISH NATIVES”: FAMILY EMIGRATION AND THE LOGIC OF SETTLER COLONIALISM IN CHARLES DICKENS AND CAROLINE CHISHOLM." Victorian Literature and Culture 43, no. 2 (February 25, 2015): 261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150314000540.
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As Cambridge historian J. R. Seeley writes inThe Expansion of England (1883), the fear of colonial secession, inspired by that of the United States, haunted Britons’ perception of their “second Empire” throughout the nineteenth century, effectively working against a sense of shared national destiny with the white settlers of Canada, New Zealand, and Australia (14–15). One important way Victorian writers combatted the “optimistic fatalism” Seeley observed in his fellow Britons was through an imperial economy of affect, which circulated sentiment and stressed emotional identification between settlers and metropolitan Britons (15). If mid-nineteenth-century British literature can be said to negotiate the tensions of Britain's empire through representations of racial, cultural, and linguistic difference, then narratives of sameness – of British families across the oceans – offer models for cohering the British settler empire. In such a model, techniques designed to reinforce the sentimental bonds of settlers to their families might also reinforce the social, political, and affective connections of the settlers to the metaphorical “mother country.”
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Veracini, Lorenzo. "The Other Shift: Settler Colonialism, Israel, and the Occupation." Journal of Palestine Studies 42, no. 2 (2013): 26–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2013.42.2.26.
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This densely argued essay offers an original approach to the study of Israel-Palestine through the lens of colonial studies. The author’s argument rests, inter alia, on the distinction between colonialism, which succeeds by keeping colonizer and colonized separate, and settler colonialism, where ultimate success is achieved when the settlers are “indigenized” and cease to be seen as settlers. Referring to the pre-1948 and post-1967 contexts, the author shows how and why Israel, itself a successful settler colonial project emerging from the British mandate, has failed to create a successful settler project in the occupied territories; indeed, and paradoxically, the occupation’s very success (in terms of unassailable control) renders the project’s success (in terms of settler integration/indigenization) impossible. Also addressed are the consequences of occupation, particularly what the author calls Israel’s “recolonization,” and the implications of the approach outlined for the Israel-Palestine conflict and its resolution.
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Phillips, Laura. "Teaching Decolonizing and Indigenizing Curatorial and Museum Practices." Museum Worlds 10, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 112–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/armw.2022.100109.
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Decolonizing and Indigenizing work needs to be done in museums and our day-to-day lives. On Turtle Island or so-called North America, the current settler colonial states add urgency to this work. Many settlers live on stolen land and benefit from colonial structures in ways that Indigenous friends, colleagues, and hosts do not. This article presents a self-reflective account of two museum studies courses I have been part of developing and delivering that incorporate decolonizing and Indigenizing principles. From my white settler perspective, I discuss the need for settlers to educate (or reeducate) ourselves as museum practitioners by putting decolonizing and Indigenizing words into conversation with our accountabilities in daily life.
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Day, Madi. "Remembering Lugones: The Critical Potential of Heterosexualism for Studies of So-Called Australia." Genealogy 5, no. 3 (July 30, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy5030071.
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Heterosexualism is inextricably tied to coloniality and modernity. This paper explores the potential of Argentinian philosopher Maria Lugones’ theorisations of heterosexualism and the colonial/modern gender system for sustained critical engagement with settler colonialism in so-called Australia. ‘Heterosexualism’ refers to a system of relations between settlers and Indigenous peoples characterized by racialized and gendered power dynamics. Lugones’ theory on the colonial/modern gender system unpacks the utility of social and intellectual investment in universalised categories including race, gender and sexuality. Such categories are purported to be biological, thus, prior to culture, settlers and colonial institutions. However, the culturally specific nature of knowledge produced about race, gender and sexuality reveals that the origins, and indeed the prevalence, of heterosexualism in Australia is inextricable from settler colonialism. This paper exhibits how heterosexualism and the colonial/modern gender system operate in service of settler colonialism, facilitating settler dominance and reproduction on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander lands.
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Koensler, Alexander. "Affective Borderlands: Experiences in Practice of the Neo-Zionist Settling Enterprise in the Israeli Periphery." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 48, no. 5 (December 11, 2018): 700–725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241618813436.
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In writing on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, the image of neo-Zionist settlers is taken often uncritically as an immediate expression of power, in representations by both settler movements and their opponents. Based on an ethnographic perspective that combines Herzfeld’s attention to the “intimacies” with critical writing on the symbolization of reality, I shift attention to an intricate representation of “affective borderlands” to illuminate situated experiences of settler–native relations in practice. Focusing on specific fragile and contradictory relations of single settlers and natives unfolding around a newly established village in Israel’s southern Negev desert, this ethnographic lens contributes to a deeper understanding of Israeli–Palestinian relations as entangled and entwined rather than separate. Beyond a dichotomist conception of native–settler relations and beyond the palpable dynamics of power, this examination of affective borderlands demonstrates that the more opponents invest in distinguishing themselves from the settler endeavor, the more its power over them grows.
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Ford, Lisa. "Empire and Order on the Colonial Frontiers of Georgia and New South Wales." Itinerario 30, no. 3 (November 2006): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300013395.
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In 1767, settlers on the western frontier of Georgia in North America sent a dire petition to their governor begging for protection. They claimed that local Creek Indians had stolen their horses and planned imminently to destroy their livestock and to kill their families. Before the governor could respond, the settlers crossed the Indian boundary to loot and burn a Creek village. In doing so they galvanized the imperial legal order into action – not against Creek horse thieves but against settler vigilantes on Creek land. At the urging of London officials, the governor of Georgia had the settlers arrested and charged, first with a felony, and when that failed, with ‘abuse and misdemeanour at common law against government’. However, Georgia's jurors refused to hold them accountable on either charge.
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McGibbon, Elizabeth. "Decolonizing Health Care: Reconciliation Roles and Responsibilities for White Settlers." Critical Studies: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal 13, no. 2 (April 26, 2018): 18–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51357/cs.v13i2.127.
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The purpose of this paper is to enhance a nascent discussion to white settlers about how they can be active participants in reconciliation action to decolonize health care—by way of truths. I start with an examination of settler denial and settler truth-telling about Indigenous genocide, along with the deadliness of white settler health care racism, which results in embodied oppression—oppression that is the root of Indigenous inequities in the social determinants of health (SDH). White settler privilege is emphasized, including persistent impacts of Western, Eurocentric, and biomedical knowledge dominance in health care, and related suppression of Indigenous knowledge systems and healing traditions. I analyze how white settlers can engage in performing decolonization with critical perspectives on the SDH, allyship, and anti-racist, anti-oppressive health care. Although persistent white settler acts of racism, including systemic racism in health, legal, and educational systems, make reconciliation seem an impossible goal, we continue to be ethically bound to walk alongside Indigenous peoples in the Truth and Reconciliation’s Commission’s Calls to Action.
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Gewald, Jan-Bart. "Rumours of Mau Mau in Northern Rhodesia, 1950-1960." Afrika Focus 22, no. 1 (February 25, 2008): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02201005.
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In 1950s Northern Rhodesia, present day Zambia, rumours abounded amongst the African population intimating that the white settlers and administration were extensively involved in witchcraft, cannibalism and blood-sucking. In turn, members of the white settler community believed very much the same with regard to the African population of the territory. The development of nationalist politics and the increasing unionization of African workers in colonial Zambia led to agitation that was matched with increasing disquiet and fears on the part of white settlers. The emergence of ‘Mau Mau’ in Kenya and rumours of ‘Mau Mau’ in Northern Rhodesia served to underscore European settler fears in Northern Rhodesia. Based on research in the National Archives of Zambia and Great Britain, this paper explores the manner in which public rumour played out in Northern Rhodesia and gave emphasis to settler fears and fantasies in the territory.
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Lumley, D. J., P. Balmér, and J. Adamsson. "Investigations of Secondary Settling at a Large Treatment Plant." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 4-5 (April 1, 1988): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0161.
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The sedimentation phase of the activated sludge process has a large influence on the effluent quality of secondary wastewater treatment plants. Increasingly stringent effluent guidelines emphasize the need to improve the performance of secondary settlers. Full scale studies of rectangular settlers, at a secondary treatment plant with an average flow of 4 m3/s, were made. The non-settleable fraction of the effluent suspended solids defines an upper limit to settler efficiency. Polymer can be used to enhance settling when dealing with peak flow situations. The mass of solids in the settler, needed to calculate a mass balance of the activated sludge process, can be estimated by a simple model based on the sludge blanket depth and the average concentration of the sludge blanket at a central location in a settler. On-line instruments are useful for monitoring rapid and periodic changes in the state of the activated sludge process.
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Fobear, Katherine. "Queer Settlers: Questioning Settler Colonialism in LGBT Asylum Processes in Canada." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 30, no. 1 (May 6, 2014): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.38602.
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Refugee and forced migration studies have focused primarily on the refugees’ countries of origin and the causes for migration. Yet it is also important to also critically investi- gate the processes, discourses, and structures of settlement in the places they migrate to. This has particular signifi- cance in settler states like Canada in which research on refugee and forced migration largely ignores the presence of Indigenous peoples, the history of colonization that has made settlement possible, and ways the nation has shaped its borders through inflicting control and violence on Indigenous persons. What does it mean, then, to file a refugee claim in a state like Canada in which there is ongoing colonial violence against First Nations communities? In this article, we will explore what it means to make a refugee claim based on sexual orientation and gender identity in a settler-state like Canada. For sexual and gender minority refugees in Canada, interconnected structures of col- onial discourse and regulation come into force through the Canadian asylum and resettlement process. It is through this exploration that ideas surrounding migration, asylum, and settlement become unsettled.
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Plomp, Kimberly A., Keith Dobney, Hildur Gestsdóttir, and Mark Collard. "Mixed ancestry of Europeans who settled Iceland and Greenland: 3D geometric-morphometric analyses of cranial base shape." Antiquity 97, no. 395 (October 2023): 1249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2023.131.
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Debate surrounds the identity of the Europeans who settled Iceland and Greenland in the early medieval period. Historical sources record settlers travelling from Norway to Iceland and then Greenland, but recent analyses of biological data suggest that some settlers had British and Irish ancestry. Here, the authors test these hypotheses with 3D-shape analyses of human crania from Scandinavia, Britain and Ireland, and one of the Norse colonies in Greenland. Results suggest that some 63 per cent of the ancestry of the Greenlandic individuals can be traced to Britain and Ireland and 37 per cent to Scandinavia. These findings add further weight to the idea that the European settlers who colonised Iceland and later Greenland were of mixed ancestry.
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Malu, Bhasker, Santhosh Kareepadath Rajan, Nikhita Jindal, Aishwarya Thakur, and Tanvi Raghuram. "Perceived Discrimination of Old Settlers in Sikkim." Changing Societies & Personalities 6, no. 3 (October 10, 2022): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/csp.2022.6.3.195.
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The old settlers in Sikkim are a community of mainland Indians whose ancestors had settled at least 15 years before the merger with India in 1975. At present, the total population of the community is less than three thousand individuals, comprising various ethnicities. This qualitative study focuses on the perceived discrimination of the old settlers, who form a demographic minority in the state. Data was collected using telephonic interviews from a sample of 11 old settlers. Thematic analysis indicated racial differences between the northeasterner indigenous community and mainland Indian old settlers as a major reason for perceived discrimination. The participants expressed the experience of negative emotional reactions, such as anger and disappointment, when they faced discrimination. The participants also felt betrayed by the government of India because they did not receive adequate protection for their rights when their identity in Sikkim changed from foreigners to citizens. Reactions to discrimination included migrating out of the state, experiencing negative emotions such as anger, disappointment and fear, and learned helplessness.
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Sulimani, Gideon, and Raz Kletter. "Settler-Colonialism and the Diary of an Israeli Settler in the Golan Heights: The Notebooks of Izhaki Gal." Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies 21, no. 1 (April 2022): 48–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/hlps.2022.0283.
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In 1967 the Golan Heights saw a dramatic change: a hundred villages were destroyed and replaced by new Israeli settlements. We study the beginning of this settlement through the lens of settler-colonialism, using documents of the time. The settlers claim to be ‘original natives’, ‘returning’ to the land and, like other colonial settlers elsewhere, bringing culture and civilisation to a terra nullius. To justify the settlement, they create a ‘deep’ narrative that combines the ancient past and the new settlement, erasing the in-between Arab past. The settlement — and the destruction — are on-going processes. The settler appears as a young, heroic figure, who patronises the ‘Others’ as weaklings (tourists, women, etc.) and is oblivious to the tragedy of the displaced Syrian inhabitants of the Golan Heights.
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McDonald, Jared. "Stolen Childhoods: Cape San Child Captives and the Raising of Colonial Subjects in the Nineteenth-Century Cape Colony." Historia 68, no. 2 (January 4, 2024): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8392/2023/v68n2a1.
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Histories of indigenous child captives in settler-colonies remain marginal amid broader inquiries into colonial-era genocides of indigenous peoples. Yet, child transfers played an integral role in the demise of indigenous populations in numerous settler-colonies. Forced child removals occurred alongside the physical annihilation of parent societies and was often an important part of the erosion and eradication of hunter-gatherer peoples and identities. This article aims to set out an analysis of the integral role played by child abductions and transfers in the genocide of the Cape San during the early nineteenth century, with a particular focus on civilian initiative. In the Cape Colony, civilians initiated the practice of capturing and transferring San children to their invasive settler society. San children were considered malleable and better disposed to forced assimilation as labourers. Apprenticeship legislation was eventually introduced in the Cape Colony to regulate indigenous child transfers and to ensure that its worst abuses were minimised, although these ideals were seldom realised. Apprenticeship legislation attempted to catch up with existing practice set in motion by civilians and in effect, colonial authorities played an enabling role by legally legitimising it. The analysis also explores the narrative justifications for San child abduction and transfer employed by European-descended settlers, and contrasts these with contemporary evangelical-humanitarian discourses. Settlers and missionaries adopted different means to incorporate San children into settler society, while agreeing that incorporation was the desired end. Discursively, settlers and missionaries managed to frame their actions as being in the best interests of San children.
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Vaskina, Angelika Yu, and Viktoria V. Kukanova. "Личное учетное дело спецпереселенца (выселенца) как исторический источник по изучению депортации калмыцкого народа." Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук, no. 4 (December 27, 2023): 93–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2023-4-28-93-118.
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Introduction. This article is devoted to a source-based analysis of the personal records of special settlers (evictees) of Kalmyks who were in forced exile in the eastern regions of the country. Without taking into account the content of these archival materials, the research on the life of Kalmyks in exile without the right to return to their former place of residence seems incomplete and unrepresentative, despite the existing wide range of historical sources. To fill this gap, the article analyzes this source based on the material of the personal records of special settlers (evictees) — Kalmyks who lived during exile on the Altai Territory. The purpose of this study is to study the composition and content of documents related to the personal account of a special settler. Results. The personal record of the special settler (evictee) is a valuable, unique and representative historical source, the informative possibilities of which are still not really in demand by researchers who study the deportation of the Kalmyk people. This source has not been used to date in the study of the history of the deportation of the Kalmyk people in the period from 1943–1957. At the same time, the personal record of the special settler (evictee) has a high source potential, since it can be used as the main source for compiling a prosopographic portrait of the special settler-Kalmyk. In addition, this source will give an opportunity to characterize the features of demographic and migration processes of Kalmyk special settlers during the period of exile.
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Finn, MD, and MJ Kingsford. "Two-phase Recruitment of Apogonids (Pisces) on the Great Barrier Reef." Marine and Freshwater Research 47, no. 2 (1996): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9960423.
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Settlement and recruitment of the apogonids Apogon doederleini (Jordan & Snyder) and Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus (Cuvier) to continuous reef were examined at One Tree Island, southern Great Barrier Reef. Many settled to patch reefs in sand habitat. Moreover, peaks in settlement (over five to six days) corresponded to peak catches of potential settlers in ichthyoplankton nets at the reef crest. Few newly settled (<20 mm standard length) apogonids were found on continuous reef where juveniles and adults were abundant. A similar pattern was found on the reef slope outside the lagoon, but total abundance of both species was low in this environment. Results of tagging with tetracycline, diel censuses of patch reefs, and examination of gut contents indicated that fish of all size classes moved from daytime sites and foraged at night. Recruitment to continuous reef appears, particularly in A. doederleini, to take place in two phases: potential settlers enter the lagoon at night and settle into sand rubble habitats; fish feed at night and their night-time excursions increase with the size of the fish until they move to continuous reef as Phase 2. The monitoring of continuous reef would not have detected patterns of settlement to One Tree Island.
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GAILMARD, SEAN. "Building a New Imperial State: The Strategic Foundations of Separation of Powers in America." American Political Science Review 111, no. 4 (July 11, 2017): 668–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055417000235.
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Separation of powers existed in the British Empire of North America long before the U.S. Constitution of 1789, yet little is known about the strategic foundations of this institutional choice. In this article, I argue that separation of powers helps an imperial crown mitigate an agency problem with its colonial governor. Governors may extract more rents from colonial settlers than the imperial crown prefers. This lowers the Crown’s rents and inhibits economic development by settlers. Separation of powers within colonies allows settlers to restrain the governor’s rent extraction. If returns to settler investment are moderately high, this restraint is necessary for colonial economic development and ultimately benefits the Crown. Historical evidence from the American colonies and the first British Empire is consistent with the model. This article highlights the role of agency problems as a distinct factor in New World institutional development, and in a sovereign’s incentives to create liberal institutions.
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Prescott, Cynthia, Nathan Rees, and Rebecca Weaver-Hightower. "Enshrining Gender in Monuments to Settler Whiteness: South Africa’s Voortrekker Monument and the United States’ This Is the Place Monument." Humanities 10, no. 1 (March 2, 2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h10010041.
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This essay examines two monuments: the Voortrekker Monument in South Africa and the American This is the Place Monument in Utah. Similar in terms of construction and historical purpose, both employ gender as an important tool to legitimize the settler society each commemorates. Each was part of a similar project of cultural recuperation in the 1930s−1940s that chose as their object of commemoration the overland migration in covered wagons of a group of white settlers that felt oppressed by other white settlers, and therefore sought a new homeland. In a precarious cultural moment, descendants of these two white settler societies—the Dutch Voortrekkers of South Africa and Euro-American Mormons (Latter-day Saints or LDS) of Utah—undertook massive commemoration projects to memorialize their ancestors’ 1830s−1840s migrations into the interior, holding Afrikaners and Mormons up as the most worthy settler groups among each nation’s white population. This essay will argue that a close reading of these monuments reveals how each white settler group employed gendered depictions that were inflected by class and race in their claims to be the true heart of their respective settler societies, despite perceiving themselves as oppressed minorities.
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Catunda, P. F. C., and A. C. van Haandel. "Activated Sludge Settlers: Design and Optimization." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1987): 613–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0241.
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Activated sludge settlers perform two functions simultaneously: clarification and sludge thickening. Depending on the values of the mixed liquor and return sludge concentrations and on the sludge settling characteristics either one of these functions may limit the solids loading rate that can be applied to the settler, which in turn determines the required settler surface area. A method is developed to establish which of the two functions is determinant for the maximum solids loading rate in a particular design situation. Expressions are derived to calculate the required settler surface area for clarification and for thickening. These expressions are based on the experimentally verfied supposition that the zone settling velocity decreases exponentially with increasing suspended solids concentration. A graphical method to determine the optimal mixed liquor and return sludge concentrations for minimum construction and operational cost is presented.
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SAKAMOTO, Tsubasa. "Tracing Settlers' Footsteps." Bulletin of the Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan 60, no. 1 (September 30, 2017): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5356/jorient.60.1_27.
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MacArthur, E. Mairi. "Review: White Settlers." Scottish Affairs 22 (First Serie, no. 1 (February 1998): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.1998.0014.
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Harnisch, Falk, and Benjamin Korth. "First settlers persist." Joule 5, no. 6 (June 2021): 1316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.05.022.
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Bossman, David M. "The Settlers' Dreams." Biblical Theology Bulletin: Journal of Bible and Culture 45, no. 1 (February 2015): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146107914564821.
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Rubenberg, Cheryl. "Settlers and Zionism." Journal of Palestine Studies 40, no. 3 (2011): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2011.xl.3.122.
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Grube, John. "Natives and Settlers:." Journal of Homosexuality 20, no. 3-4 (March 31, 1991): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j082v20n03_08.
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Veracini, Lorenzo. "Settlers of Catan." Settler Colonial Studies 3, no. 1 (February 2013): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18380743.2013.761941.
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Veracini, Lorenzo. "Settlers and Expatriates." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 39, no. 3 (September 2011): 515–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2011.598028.
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Crease, Robert P., and Peter Pesic. "Explorers and Settlers." Physics in Perspective 17, no. 3 (August 11, 2015): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00016-015-0169-5.
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Jarno, Witold. "The role of the Polish Army in the military settlement action in the years 1945–1948." Zeszyty Wiejskie 29 (December 5, 2023): 211–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1506-6541.29.09.
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The article discusses the issue of military settlement on the so-called Recovered Territories in the years 1945–1948. The text examines the role of the army and military institutions in this process, the status of military settlers and the system of mutual links between military and civilian institutions dealing with military settlement. The article presents the overall organizational effort related to military settlement, difficulties accompanying settlers, problems of cooperation between military institutions and civil administration and the scale of military settlement against the background of the nationwide settlement action. The action of military settlement took place in extremely difficult conditions (e.g. migration and resettlement of the Polish and German population, or war damage). Despite this, between 1945 and 1948, about 534,000 people with the status of military settlers (including demobilized soldiers, as well as members of their families and families of fallen soldiers) settled in the so-called Recovered Territories. Of these, fewer than 180,000 people settled in the districts designated in June 1945 only for military settlements, while the vast majority (354,000) lived outside these districts. Nevertheless, the settlement of 180,000 people in border powiats can be considered a great success in the process of their development, conducive to better protection of the new Polish-German border. Military settlers played an important role in the process of settling the so-called Recovered Territories, because they constituted almost 12% of all settlers. Due to the extensiveness of the issue concerning the broadly understood Polish settlement in these lands in the first post-war years, the subject matter discussed in the article was limited to selected issues of military settlement, which were discussed on the basis of archival materials and Polish historiography related to the topic of this type of settlement.
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Day, Madi, and Bronwyn Carlson. "So-Called Sovereign Settlers: Settler Conspirituality and Nativism in the Australian Anti-Vax Movement." Humanities 12, no. 5 (October 1, 2023): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h12050112.
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The COVID-19 pandemic, and the social and economic instability that followed, has given new life to conspirituality and far-right ideology in so-called Australia. This article discusses how politico-spiritual communities invested in both conspiracy theories and New Age spirituality have pieced together settler narratives about a New World Order and external threats to Western society from far-right and white supremacist Christian ideology circulated via new media. Using anti-colonial discourse analysis, we elucidate the undercurrent of white supremacist ideology in the Australian anti-vax movement, and highlight the misuse of Indigeneity in far-right and anti-vax narratives. We discuss how these narratives are settler-colonial and how conspiritualists co-opt and perform Indigeneity as a form of settler nativism. As a case study, we analyse the use of the term sovereignty by settlers attached to Muckadda Camp—a camp of ‘Original Sovereigns’ occupying the lawn outside Old Parliament house from December 2021 to February 2022. Using Indigenous critique from both new media and academia, we argue that although settlers may perform Indigeneity, they are exercising white supremacist settler narratives, and not Indigenous sovereignty.
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Borell, Belinda, Helen Moewaka Barnes, and Tim McCreanor. "Conceptualising historical privilege: the flip side of historical trauma, a brief examination." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 14, no. 1 (November 17, 2017): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177180117742202.
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Historical trauma is an important and growing area of research that provides crucial insights into the antecedents of current-day inequities in health and social wellbeing experienced by Indigenous people in colonial settler societies. What is not so readily examined is the flip side of historical trauma experienced by settlers and their descendants, what might be termed “historical privilege”. These historic acts of privilege for settlers, particularly those emigrating from Britain, provide the antecedents for the current-day realities for their descendants and the structural, institutional and interpersonal levels of advantage that are also a key feature of inequities between Indigenous and settler. This article theorises an explicit link between historical trauma and historical privilege and explores how the latter may be examined with particular reference to Aotearoa New Zealand. Three core elements of historical trauma are posited as a useful framework to apply to historical privilege.
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MacDonald, Evan. "Settler Colonial Pseudo-Solidarity: Indigenous Peoples and the Occupy Movement in Canada." Political Science Undergraduate Review 2, no. 2 (February 15, 2017): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/psur32.
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As a reaction to neoliberalism, the Occupy movement in Canada presents a radical argument for a just economy. However, it does not engage in any meaningful way with decolonization. Through settler moves to innocence — equating the struggles of indigenous people within colonization with the plight of settlers — Occupy fails to support the cause of indigenous self-determination. Without both effectively centering decolonization within a social justice cause and including indigenous voices within decision-making processes, there can be no long-lasting solidarity created between progressive settlers and indigenous communities. Neoliberalism as a modern face of colonialism is a worthy target of social justice action, but the negation of settler history and treaties provide a roadblock to solidarity. The process of decolonization asks the settler to accept less, but the rhetoric of Occupy focuses on reclaiming wealth and resources that have been seized from their natural owners: working Canadians. The colonial attitudes of most Occupy camps in Canada have resulted in a breakdown in potential alliances, and provide a warning for the next universalizing social justice cause.
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Nath, Nisha, and Willow Samara Allen. "Settler Colonial Socialization in Public Sector Work: Moving from Privilege to Complicity." Studies in Social Justice 16, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 200–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v16i1.2648.
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In this piece, we ask, what are the risks of a pedagogy and politics that begins and ends with privilege? What does it mean to declare privilege when embedded in institutions of the settler colonial state? These questions are raised through an ongoing project where we interview provincial public sector workers on Treaty 6, 7 and 8 (Alberta, Canada) and Coast Salish Territories (British Columbia, Canada) about their implications in settler colonialism through public sector work. In the project, we articulate the interdisciplinary framework of settler colonial socialization to consider the space between individuals and structures – the meso-space where settlers are made by learning how to take up the work of settler colonialism. For these reasons, in our research we ask, “what do the pedagogical processes of settler colonial socialization tell us about how systemic colonial violence is sustained, and how it might be disrupted or refused in public sector work?” In this paper, we narrow our focus to the declarations of privilege that many of our interview participants are making. We reflect on these declarations and consider whether focusing on settler complicity and Indigenous refusals can better support a decolonial politics for settlers working in the public sector. We argue that declarations of privilege risk reproducing settler-centric logics that maintain settler colonialism, settler jurisdiction, and settler certainty, and we reflect on how to orient participants (and ourselves) towards the material realization of relational accountability and towards imagining otherwise.
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Pycińska, Magdalena. "Israeli and Palestinian Settler Colonialism in New Media: The Case of Roots." Humanities 12, no. 5 (October 17, 2023): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h12050124.
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Israeli settler colonialism, in time, became highly linked to the idea of a state, culminating in an institution that defends the past, present, and future practises maintaining the relations between the “native” and “settlers”. Settler colonial ideas and practises sustaining binary opposition between the “native” and the “settler” are reproduced not only by Israeli state broadcasters, but also by settler colonial social media. This article proposes media analysis that goes beyond the usual national and conflict narrative and links “settler colonial common sense” with social media impacts and state ideas/sovereign ideas of property that strive to eliminate native people or transfer them outside Israel’s perceived land ownership and sovereignty. This article also shows how Israeli settler colonial politics and narratives are supported by other settler colonial states (especially the United States). New media and settler common sense cannot be disassociated from the Israeli state and global politics, even though some settlers may have their own strategies regarding the relations with native Palestinians. The State of Israel, through massive surveillance technologies and support from other states that view militarisation and population management as crucial to maintaining its power, holds a great deal of influence over how it frames the “conflict” with Palestinians. We witness how both state violence and institutionalised Jewish privilege are recreated on the ground and globally through the new media. This issue is analysed through the “Roots” (a grassroots movement for understanding among Israelis and Palestinians) case study.