Journal articles on the topic 'Settlement'
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1
Raiffa, Howard. "Post-Settlement Settlements." Negotiation Journal 1, no. 1 (January 1985): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1571-9979.1985.tb00286.x.
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Du Toit, P. van der P. (Pierre). "Why Post-Settlement Settlements?" Journal of Democracy 14, no. 3 (2003): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jod.2003.0065.
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Krool’, Volodymyr, and Olexandr Hadel’shyn. "Spatial features of settlement network within physicalgeographical regions of the Prut upper basin." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 48 (December 23, 2014): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2014.48.1348.
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The territorial characteristics of settlement network per quantitative and settlement indicators within 35 physical and geographical areas of the upper basin of the Prut were analyzed: the number of settlements, settlement density and coefficient of uniformity of placing settlements. The regions of the insufficient development of the network of settlements and areas with their excessive were allocated. Key words: settlement network, physical, geographical area, settlement, settlement density.
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Dnistryanska, N. "Problems of conceptual terminological definition of urban type settlements as separate class of urban settlement." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 36 (May 15, 2009): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2009.36.2980.
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Some approaches of conceptual terminological definition and juridical identification of urban type settlements have been analysed. Criteria for distinguishing of urban type settlements as a separate class of urban settlement have been argued. Key words: urban type settlements, small town, settlement, settlement system, administrative status of the settlement.
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Zhang, Yiyi, Yangbing Li, Guangjie Luo, Xiaoyong Bai, Juan Huang, Fang Tang, and Meng Yu. "Analysis of the Land Use Dynamics of Different Rural Settlement Types in the Karst Trough Valleys of Southwest China." Land 11, no. 9 (September 14, 2022): 1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11091572.
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Rural settlements are the basic spatial units of rural geography research, and it is essential to explore the dynamic changes in land use on a rural settlement scale to promote the development of the rural revitalization strategy. The study took different rural settlement types in karst trough valleys as examples and applied geographic information mapping trajectory models, buffer zone spatial analysis, the nearest neighbor index, and other research methods. We explored the land use dynamic change in the buffer zone of different settlement types in the karst trough valley from 1964 to 2021 in the long time series and micro-spatial dimensions. We analyzed the homogeneity, variability, and coupling characteristics of land use evolution in typical settlements. The results indicate the following: (1) From 1964 to 2021, the karst trough valley settlements as a whole showed an aggregation state, and the settlements could be classified into four categories: expanding settlements (ES), atrophic settlements (AS), balancing rural settlements (BS), and decreasing settlements (DS) according to the settlement life cycle theory and settlement development index measurement. (2) Different expansion and shrinkage of land use buffer changes exist for different settlement types. The closer the ES is to the location of the settlement center, the richer the land use type; the further the AS from the settlement center, the richer the land use type; the BS is not affected by the distance; and the DS settlement shows dynamic changes. (3) Land use dynamic change in settlements is driven by multiple integrated factors, and there is variability in the driving factors of different settlement types. (4) In this paper, through a case study, we propose the research idea that land use change (LUCC) reflects land use transformation (LUT) in different rural settlement types from a settlement-scale perspective, and land use transformation further causes the development of rural settlement transformation (RUT). Our study revealed the LUCC—LUT—RUT interaction feedback mechanism of karst trough valley settlements in Southwest China. This study aims to enrich the theoretical research framework of rural transformation at the settlement scale, on the one hand, and to provide case studies for developing countries with karstic mountain valley landscapes, such as China, on the other.
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Van Den Hoek, Jamon, and Hannah K. Friedrich. "Satellite-Based Human Settlement Datasets Inadequately Detect Refugee Settlements: A Critical Assessment at Thirty Refugee Settlements in Uganda." Remote Sensing 13, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 3574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183574.
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Satellite-based broad-scale (i.e., global and continental) human settlement data are essential for diverse applications spanning climate hazard mitigation, sustainable development monitoring, spatial epidemiology and demographic modeling. Many human settlement products report exceptional detection accuracies above 85%, but there is a substantial blind spot in that product validation typically focuses on large urban areas and excludes rural, small-scale settlements that are home to 3.4 billion people around the world. In this study, we make use of a data-rich sample of 30 refugee settlements in Uganda to assess the small-scale settlement detection by four human settlement products, namely, Geo-Referenced Infrastructure and Demographic Data for Development settlement extent data (GRID3-SE), Global Human Settlements Built-Up Sentinel-2 (GHS-BUILT-S2), High Resolution Settlement Layer (HRSL) and World Settlement Footprint (WSF). We measured each product’s areal coverage within refugee settlement boundaries, assessed detection of 317,416 building footprints and examined spatial agreement among products. For settlements established before 2016, products had low median probability of detection and F1-score of 0.26 and 0.24, respectively, a high median false alarm rate of 0.59 and tended to only agree in regions with the highest building density. Individually, GRID3-SE offered more than five-fold the coverage of other products, GHS-BUILT-S2 underestimated the building footprint area by a median 50% and HRSL slightly underestimated the footprint area by a median 7%, while WSF entirely overlooked 8 of the 30 study refugee settlements. The variable rates of coverage and detection partly result from GRID3-SE and HRSL being based on much higher resolution imagery, compared to GHS-BUILT-S2 and WSF. Earlier established settlements were generally better detected than recently established settlements, showing that the timing of satellite image acquisition with respect to refugee settlement establishment also influenced detection results. Nonetheless, settlements established in the 1960s and 1980s were inconsistently detected by settlement products. These findings show that human settlement products have far to go in capturing small-scale refugee settlements and would benefit from incorporating refugee settlements in training and validating human settlement detection approaches.
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Ulimaz, Mega, Reynaldi Yudha Pratama, Ajeng Nugrahaning Dewanti, and Elin Diyah Syafitri. "Assessment of Settlement Quality Levels in Balikpapan Kota Subdistrict, Balikpapan, Indonesia." Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 19, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v19i1.55-67.
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Balikpapan is experiencing rapid urbanization and has an essential role in settlement development. One of the strategic issues of settlements in Balikpapan is the settlements that have decreased in quality in residential in urban areas with a mild level of slum. Based on the Balikpapan Spatial Plan, the spatial pattern in the Balikpapan Kota Subdistrict is dominated by the Settlement Area. It can be said that the components of settlements are the components that are planned to support settlement activities. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the quality of settlements in the Settlement Area in the Balikpapan Kota Subdistrict. The analysis was carried out by quantitative descriptive method (scoring method) with the unit of study for each settlement block or neighborhood. The analysis results of the quality of settlements in the Balikpapan Kota Subdistrict tend to have reasonable quality settlements. There were no areas that had poor settlement quality values. In the research area, from 131 neighborhoods, 19 neighborhoods still have a moderate quality of settlements. It is necessary to increase several components to improve the quality of settlements in each block so that all settlements become more liveable.
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Milosevic, Zoran, and Sanja Rascanin. "Perspective of sustainable development in the functional area of nodal centres of Zlatibor district." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 102, no. 2 (2022): 83–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd2202083m.
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The concept of sustainable development in the functional area of the network of the most important settlements is based on the dependence on the settlement environment as well as the development of the entire settlement system in the Zlatibor district. The assessment of the functional development of nodal centres and their impact on the sustainable socioeconomic transformation of other settlements through integrative-incentive mechanisms is based on: the dominant role of nodal settlements as a geospatial factor in the sustainable development of the settlement system of the Zlatibor district; structural and demographic changes within the socioeconomic area; complementarities with settlement specificities; development needs of functional centres; integration into the spatial system of nodal settlements of Serbia; manifestations of differentiated planning and research into the sustainable development of complex geospatial entities. Based on the functional-process approach, the concept of sustainable development of the settlement system was formulated based on the following foundations: elements of the settlement system formed on the basis of spatial-geographical conditions; the main areas of population concentration are urban environments; the high conditionally of the socioeconomic development of the settlement system based on the gravitational-encouraging and polarizing effects of the influence of nodal settlements; from the process of redistribution within the active population, settlement- functional concentration and the development of other settlements result.
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Lv, Chenghao. "Analysis and Optimization Strategy of Spatial Evolution of Rural Settlement Land in Shandong Province." BCP Business & Management 49 (August 16, 2023): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v49i.5446.
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Due to the lack of unified planning and rectification in rural settlements, a large amount of land has been idle and wasted. Implementing the optimization of rural settlement layout and intensive and efficient use of land is a strategic choice to promote the construction of beautiful rural areas and coordinate urban-rural development. Scientific evaluation of development potential is the prerequisite and foundation for the optimization of rural settlement layout. The current classification optimization of rural settlements often only relies on the static status of the settlements, lacking a comprehensive consideration of the development and evolution laws and potential of rural settlements. To this end, it is planned to conduct a systematic study on the evolution, driving factors, and development potential of rural settlement spatial pattern in Shandong, revealing the characteristics and mechanisms of the evolution of rural settlement spatial pattern, and enriching the theoretical research on rural settlement spatial pattern in Shandong. At the same time, studying the evolution characteristics of rural settlement spatial pattern and proposing optimization types and corresponding strategies for rural settlement spatial pattern can make the research on rural settlement spatial pattern optimization more targeted and feasible, providing reference for the planning and layout of rural settlements in Shandong.
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Jia, Qiang, and Fang Gu. "Numerical Analysis on Settlement Law of an Underpinning Structure Composed of Piles and Beams." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 3654–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.3654.
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The settlement law during the underpinning process of a frame structure was analysed using the three-dimensional finite element model based on ANSYS program. The birth and death technique was adopted to simulate the work state of the underpinning structure and the underpinned piles. The secondary settlement deformations in the process of foundation underpinning can be simulated when the settlement values of the column bases before underpinning were applied to the underpinning structure. The settlement-location curves of the frame column bases before and after underpinning can be gained through path operation. The analysis results show that the settlement values and the differential settlements of the underpinning location increase obviously after underpinning, the medial deflection of the underpinning beam increases, and the settlement value of corresponding frame becomes bigger. The deformation of the underpinning beam occupys big proportion in the total settlement deformation. When the length diminishes and the diameter augments of the underpinning pile, the stiffness of the pile increases, therefore the settlement values and the differential settlements decrease. When the span diminishes and the height augments of the underpinning beam, the stiffness of the beam increases, accordingly the settlement values and the differential settlements decrease obviously. The width change of the underpinning beam has little influence on the settlement values and the differential settlements.
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Putica Džajić, Jelena, and Danijela Madžar. "Analysis of Central Functions Provision in the Settlements of the West Herzegovina Canton." Journal for Geography 18, no. 1 (December 17, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/rg.18.1.2949.
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The provision of the settlement with central functions gives stimulation, and creates spatial, and social relations and processes within a certain space and population. This paper analyses the settlements' central function provision in West Herzegovina Canton. The settlement's centrality was determined based on the base groups of central functions: administration, education, health, supply, financial operations, post and telecommunications. After the collected and processed data, the settlements were classified into 4 categories of settlements based on the possession of certain functions; settlements without centrality, settlements with insufficient centrality, and settlements of the 3rd and 2nd rank of centrality. The research was conducted in September 2022 and developed model was applied, which is based on the quantitative procedure of evaluating the settlement's centrality.
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Gorbenkova, Elena, and Elena Shcherbina. "Historical-Genetic Features in Rural Settlement System: A Case Study from Mogilev District (Mogilev Oblast, Belarus)." Land 9, no. 5 (May 21, 2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9050165.
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Settlement system development is currently one of the basic objectives in land use planning, which is significant for Belarus, as it is the most urbanized country in the European region. Historical-genetic analysis is the most effective approach for studying the transformational changes in settlement systems. The research was aimed at analyzing the transformation peculiarities in the rural settlement system of Belarus. The core of the methodological basis lies in general scientific methods (systematic approach, historicism approach, historical-genetic method) and special interdisciplinary methods (cartographic analysis using GIS software). Historical-genetic analysis made it possible to identify the most significant historical periods in the formation of the rural settlement system in Belarus: pre-revolutionary, Soviet and recent. For each period, the pattern and spatial configuration of the rural settlement system were analyzed. Spatial changes in settlement pattern were highlighted: polarization, increasing the share and the population number of the “largest” settlements, the decreasing of “large” and “medium-sized” settlements and the degradation of “small” settlements. As a result, two types of rural settlement transformation were identified: “development” and “degradation”. Three ways of spatial configuration of the rural settlement system were identified: “relocation to city”, “relocation to the center of the settlement system” and “relocation to settlement”. Directions for future research are linked with conceptualizing the model of the spatial–territorial organizing of the rural settlement system.
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Binda, Varun, and Santosh Chharang. "Study of Settlement Pattern of Dungarpur District of Rajasthan." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 11 (November 16, 2021): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.811.11145.
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The settlement indicates the spatial pattern of the human's functional activities at the local level, including residence, street structure, community areas, etc. Settlements represent one of the most dominant features made by men on the earth in the process of habitation. In the genetic term, settlements are the almost permanent abode of an organism. They represent "An organized colony of human beings together with the buildings, paths, and streets over which they travel." The settlement pattern is also an essential aspect of settlement geography for research. Within a particular region, different types of settlement patterns were found. The settlement pattern is controlled by various socio-economic, climatic, and different factors. In this research, the authors attempt to highlight the various settlements' patterns, sizes, and responsible factors.
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Heng, Jiayao, Hongwei Wang, Ying Fan, Zhengwei Wang, and Yibo Gao. "Simulation and Optimization of Urban–Rural Settlement Development from the Perspective of Production–Life–Ecology Space: A Case Study for Aksu City." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (July 2, 2021): 7452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137452.
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To explore the future development state of urban and rural settlements, we combined random forest algorithm (RFA) and cellular automata (CA) to simulate high precision in urban and rural settlements in Aksu city. The settlement distribution was predicted for the next 10 years, and suggestions for urban and rural settlements were proposed based on a “production–life–ecology” space. The results show the following: Transportation factors and administrative location have an important influence on the development of settlements, and infrastructure has a greater impact on the development of settlements. The overall accuracy of the 2019 settlement distribution obtained through the RFA–CA model simulation is 93.8%, with a G-mean coefficient of 0.815. The simulation accuracy is better and more suitable for the simulation and prediction of settlement expansion than the logistic-CA model. The forecasted settlement expansion in 2029 for Aksu city is 58.36 km2 of settlement expansion compared to the 2019 settlement distribution, with an overall growth trend for sparse north-south and dense central areas. This study analyzed the causes of settlement expansion in 19 regions of Aksu city, explored the main function of “production–life–ecology” space in different areas, and proposed layout optimizations from the perspective of production, life, and ecology. The results of this study can provide a reference for the spatial planning and rural revitalization strategy of Aksu city.
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Hamidah, Noor, R. Rijanta, Bakti Setiawan, and Muh Aris Marfai. "Physical Analysis of Formal and Informal Integration in Urban Riverside Settlement." MIMBAR, Jurnal Sosial dan Pembangunan 33, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v33i1.2107.
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The concept of this research toward sustainability development, it focuses on avaibality of human settlement. One of the primary goals in human settlement in a city development. Most of settlement in Indonesia is located close to the river. The main function of river is living orientation, transportation, and settlement. The riverside area is developed to be a city with the rapid urban settlement along a riverside area, such as informal settlement inside formal settlement. The objective of this research is to analyse of the pattern of physical integration between formal and informal settlements in Kahayan Urban Riverside settlement. The research located in Kahayan urban riverside area, it called Kampung Pahandut, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Research method used a mix-used method based on has three phase: prilimanary, field observation, post field observation with 100 samples. The output of research is decriptive model of physical integration of settlement, it can be support settlements in those urban riverside area towards sustainable development.
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Chen, Sen, Muhammad Sajid Mehmood, Shuchen Liu, and Yimin Gao. "Spatial Pattern and Influencing Factors of Rural Settlements in Qinba Mountains, Shaanxi Province, China." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 15, 2022): 10095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610095.
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Spatial patterns and the influencing determinants of rural settlements are the most important indicators for understanding the constituent structure of rural regional systems. However, there is little knowledge addressing the characteristics from the settlement perspective by realizing the spatial reconstruction and sustainable development of rural settlements. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the geographical, size, and morphological properties of rural settlement patterns in the Qinba Mountains in southern Shaanxi Province, China, using rural settlement and remote sensing data through spatial measurement index, gradient transects, demographic-economic index, and geodetector analysis. The results show the following: (1) Overall, rural settlements have spatial characteristics of “high-density multi-core clusters (0.8–1.6/km2) and low-density broadly scattered (<0.08/km2)”. There is a significant positive correlation between the scale of rural settlement density and the characteristics of high-value agglomeration. (2) The spatial disparities of morphological traits of settlement shapes are significant. Furthermore, 1840 NP/piece of plain basin landform types provide high-value areas for each settlement feature value, and locations with moderate slopes are best for settlement dispersal. Moreover, rivers, roads, and distance from township centers are all examples of beneficial directivity. There is consistency between the spatial differentiation of rural settlement areas per capita and the distribution of settlement scale. Conversely, the settlement density is inconsistent with the agricultural production value density’s spatial distribution features. (3) The impact of geographical factors on the diversification of settlement characteristics has significant spatial differences. Moreover, natural ecological characteristics such as elevation and landform and the distribution of cultivated land strongly influence the spatial pattern of the study region. Finally, the study findings can be beneficial for land and space planning and rural governments to develop sustainable rural settlements.
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Shi, Lifeng, and Taiyang Zhong. "The Spatial Pattern of Urban Settlement in China from the 1980s to 2010." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 27, 2019): 6704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236704.
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The dynamic urbanization process of China has stimulated a massive growth of urban settlements in the past few decades. With the development of remote sensing technology and the release of the long-time Landsat archive, spatial characteristics of urban settlement are gradually analyzed on a large scale, and various patterns are developed for describing and analyzing it. However, the urban settlement patterns were mainly quantified by the landscape metrics in existing studies, the underlying features shaping urban settlement pattern were always neglected. In this study, we establish a systematic and comprehensive ‘urban development index system’ for describing China’s urban settlement pattern and its evolutions during the end of the 1980s through to 2010 by using a series of statistical methods. Results show that (1) urban settlement pattern in 2010 is quantified comparatively simpler and more completely than in the end of the 1980s; (2) urban settlements in western and eastern regions present integrated pattern and homogeneous attributes, while urban settlements in central and northeastern regions present relatively complex pattern and various attributes; (3) urban settlements with the most variable pattern are accompanied by the most dynamic population and economic capacity, followed by landscape dispersion. Topographic complexity of urban settlements generally remained unchanged or with slight fluctuations, therefore, it has limited influence on settlement pattern evolution.
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Nekova, Mariela, Galin Petrov, and Rumen Yankov. "Recreational functions of settlement formations of local importance." Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society 49 (November 30, 2023): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jbgs.e115062.
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Settlement formations are a specific and relative new category of territorial units in Bulgaria. They were introduced by law in 1995. According to the Act of Administrative and Territorial Structure of the Republic of Bulgaria, settlement formations are built-up areas outside the construction boundaries of settlements. Unlike settlements, settlement formations have no permanent population. They serve specific functions—residential, industrial, transport, etc. They are differentiated into settlement formations of national importance and those of local importance. So far, no special scientific studies have been conducted on the settlement formations in the country. This study focuses on the settlement formations of local importance with recreational functions. Settlement formations with potential for tourist supply are identified. An analysis of tourist resources and accommodation facilities as factors for their formation and functional development is conducted. On this basis, a classification of settlement formations of local importance is proposed, in which they are differentiated into six types. Examples of settlement formations with different recreational profiles are provided. The study presents the current state of settlement formations of local importance in Bulgaria, because they are a dynamic category of settlement structures. The results of the study are illustrated by relevant maps.
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Tran-Nguyen, Hoang-Hung, Huong Ho, and Hy Hoan Ha. "EVALUATION OF FIELD PERFORMANCE OF PREFABRICATED VERTICAL DRAINS (PVD) FOR SOIL GROUND IMPROVEMENT IN THE SOUTHERN VIETNAM." ASEAN Engineering Journal 4, no. 2 (January 8, 2013): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v4.15447.
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A 40,000-km2 soft ground area in the southern Vietnam is big obstruction for infrastructure development in Vietnam. PVD is the most popular technique applied to improve soft ground in the southern Vietnam. However, field performance of PVD based on field monitoring is quite discrepant from prediction. This study aims at better understanding of PVD field performance via case studies. The two complete projects using PVD for soft ground improvement were utilized for back analysis. Field monitored settlements agree well with predicted settlements when the field settlement has experienced a settlement of 0.3 m or less. The predicted settlement exceeds the field monitored settlement about 50% when the field settlement reaches 0.5 m or larger. The result indicates that degree of filed consolidation was less than 90%, and large field settlement keeps occurring during the service stage of highway embankments and may cause field settlement over the allowable settlement according to the Vietnam Code for soft ground improvement.
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Setiawan, Lilik Anjar, Winny Astuti, and Erma Fitria Rini. "Tingkat Kualitas Permukiman (Studi Kasus: Permukiman Sekitar Tambang Galian C Kecamatan Weru Kabupaten Sukoharjo)." Region: Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah dan Perencanaan Partisipatif 12, no. 1 (November 30, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/region.v12i1.15922.
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<em>Settlement is defined as a components combination of housing, environment and life of the societies who live in it. Quality of settlement components can describe how the condition of the settlement itself. Several settlement areas in Weru Subdistrict, Sukoharjo District have a C-type quarry location inside. Based on the Sukoharjo District Spatial Plan, that area is planned as settlement activities. There are other activities that should be supported by the components of the settlements that only planned to accommodate settlement activities. Question in this research is to know the level of settlement quality of each block in settlement area around C-type quarry in Weru Subdistrict seen from (1) nature, (2) shell, (3) infrastucture network, and (4) society. This research is a quantitative research using scoring analysis technique. The result shown that there is difference between each block of settlement. Block 2 has high quality because it has several components with high quality such as buildings, infrastructure network, and the level of public health. The other blocks such as block 1, block 3, block 4, and block 5 have medium quality with several medium quality of components such as green space, road network, economic level and level of public health. Improvement are needed for some components to improve the quality of settlements in each block so that the whole settlements becomes better to lived.</em>
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Kuzmin, P., M. Karpenko, E. Panidi, and A. Sebentsov. "ESTIMATION AND MAPPING OF THE SETTLEMENT FIELD POTENTIAL BASING ON REAL TRANSPORTATION CONNECTIONS BETWEEN SETTLEMENTS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-1/W2-2023 (December 13, 2023): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-1-w2-2023-347-2023.
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Abstract. In the article, we describe an approach to computational estimation of the settlement field potential, and mapping its spatial distribution in the desktop geographic information system software. The settlement field potential is a quantitative geographical variable that reflects mutual impact of settlements according to the population amount in the settlements and distances between settlements (two or many). This geographical variable can be used as an extra metric in human geography alongside with population density metric. We propose a methodology for automation of the settlement field potential mapping, and propose to estimate the settlement field potential value using distances measured in real transportation network instead of traditionally used straight-line measurement of the distances. To test and verify proposed approach and methodology we produced the maps of settlement field potential for the study area that covers Russia-Kazakhstan transborder area.
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Esmail, Shakirah, and Jason Corburn. "Struggles to remain in Kigali’s “unplanned” settlements: the case of Bannyahe." Environment and Urbanization 32, no. 1 (November 22, 2019): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247819886229.
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Examining the precarious status of informal settlements in Kigali at a time of large-scale planning-induced expropriation, this article considers urban contestation in the context of the city’s changing spatial-legal regime. We analyse the case of one informal settlement’s expropriation and relocation – the settlement of Bannyahe – and the contestation that has ensued as resident property owners take the District of Gasabo to court. Through interviews with settlement residents, we follow the fates of these displaced urban citizens and consider their struggles to remain in their homes. Finally, we suggest that such contestation over legal procedural regularity and negotiation over property valuation at the neighbourhood level forms the limit of overt opposition to the city’s masterplan. Terming these limits to contestation “silent boundaries” that circumscribe contestation for property owners in the Bannyahe settlement, we offer perspectives on contestation and compromise amidst urban socio-spatial reordering in the “new Kigali”.
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Gavrilyeva, T. N., E. A. Kolomak, A. I. Zakharov, and K. V. Khorunova. "Retrospect of Settlement Pattern in Yakutia Based on Analysis of Population Censuses." Voprosy statistiki 26, no. 12 (December 23, 2019): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.34023/2313-6383-2019-26-12-39-51.
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The article assesses the intensity of transformation of settlement pattern in Yakutia, the largest northern region of Russia, based on an analysis of 1939-2010 censuses and contemporary statistics. Scope of the work includes the following: to assess key socio-economic results of rural and urban settlement pattern transformation in the 20th century, to determine the most persistent primary units of settlement pattern, and to identify current trends in the settlement pattern of Yakutia. The research database was built based on digitization of Federal State Statistics Service in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) population censuses archives. The period under review shows a trend toward larger size of settlements due to two parallel processes: urbanization as a result of industrial development, and compression of rural settlement system due to amalgamation of rural settlements. From 1939 to the present time, Yakutia’s settlement system has been evolving from dispersed type to large settlement type. There were two major waves in the structuring of space in Yakutia. During the first one, caused by industrialization and complete collectivization, shrinking of rural settlement system was accompanied by setup of rural and urban settlements; it started in the 1930s and lasted until late 1950s. The second wave, concurrent with controlled compression of rural settlement pattern as part of elimination of unpromising sovkhoz state farms, was associated with a full-scale development of urban settlement pattern under planned Soviet deployment. Starting from 2002, market mechanisms have changed the direction of development of settlement system and spatial structure of economic activity. Despite several constraints, which include high transportation costs, focal development, key role of mining and resource sector, distinctive features of traditional economies and agriculture, agglomeration processes have gained momentum in the region. Spatial concentration of population is taking place at relatively high rates, primarily in the core of the system - Yakutsk agglomeration. Compression capacity of settlement system in the region is far from being exhausted, as evidenced by behavior of Theil and Herfindahl-Hirschman indices, as well as by average population density of settlements.
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Naghibi, Farzaneh, Gordon A. Fenton, and D. V. Griffiths. "Probabilistic considerations for the design of deep foundations against excessive differential settlement." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 7 (July 2016): 1167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0194.
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Current foundation design practice for serviceability limit states involves proportioning the foundation to achieve an acceptably small probability that the foundation settlement exceeds some target maximum total settlement. However, it is usually differential settlement that leads to problems in the supported structure. The design question, then, is how should the target maximum total settlement of an individual foundation be selected so that differential settlement is not excessive? Evidently, if the target maximum total settlement is increased, the differential settlement between foundations will also tend to increase, so that there is a relationship between the two, although not necessarily a simple one. This paper investigates how the target maximum total settlement specified in the design of an individual foundation relates to the distribution of the differential settlement between two identical foundation elements, as a function of the ground statistics and the distance between the two foundations. A probabilistic theory is developed, and validated by simulation, which is used to prescribe target maximum settlements employed in the design process to avoid excessive differential settlements to some acceptable probability.
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Novitasari, V., Hardiyati, and N. Miladan. "Ekistics in plannned and unplanned settlement." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 778, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/778/1/012016.
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Abstract Doxiadis (1969) in ekistics states that settlements are where people life and existence. Ekistics is one of the efforts that must be made to address the increasingly complex problems due to the increasing population growth and increasing land use Therefore, a settlement consists of the content (the content) that is human and where the physical human lives that include natural and man-made elements (the container). The formation of settlement morphology consists of planned and unplanned settlements, the method used in ekistics research in planned and unplanned settlements is the study of literature with descriptive analysis. Sampling used in this study is a planned settlement Kelurahan Baluwarti in Solo and an unplanned settlement that is a Kelurahan Gentan in kabupaten Sukoharjo. The result of this study is (1) The Concept of Ekistics exists in planned or unplanned settlements (2) The very noticeable difference between planned and unplanned settlements is the social condition of the community.
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Crawford, C. B., and R. G. Campanella. "Comparison of field consolidation with laboratory and in situ tests." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 1 (February 1, 1991): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-011.
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Settlement calculations for an earth embankment resting on soft, compressible Fraser River Delta sediments were made from laboratory consolidation tests and in situ tests using a piezocone and a flat dilatometer. The calculated values were compared with measured settlements. There was rather good agreement among the three methods of calculation, but the actual settlement was about 60% greater than the average calculated value. Calculated rates of settlement are also compared with observed values. Key words: consolidation, settlements, piezocone, dilatometer, in situ tests, constrained modulus, pore-water pressure, settlement rate.
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Liu, Jingyu, Qiong Song, and Xiaomin Wang. "Spatial Morphology Evolution of Rural Settlements in the Lower Yellow River Plain: The Case of Menggang Town in Changyuan City, China." Land 12, no. 6 (May 24, 2023): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12061122.
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This study investigated the spatial pattern evolution of the rural settlement system in the town of Menggang, China, based on settlement patches extracted from remote sensing data for four time points between 1990 and 2018. Five typical villages were selected to study their spatial textures from point to surface. The reasons for the evolution of the rural settlements were examined as well. The results indicated that the number of settlement patches in Menggang decreased, the area of a single patch expanded, and the scale of the rural settlements continued to expand. Settlements were distributed randomly, but an agglomeration trend began to appear. The plain terrain had little restriction on settlement site selection. Cofferdams and embankments were the limiting factors for settlement expansion, which led to the compact development of the settlements. Economic development, population growth, and family miniaturization were positive factors for the expansion of the rural settlements. In the typical villages, cluster settlements and cluster settlements with a banded tendency had higher spatial utilization efficiency. Several high-density building centers were formed in the settlements, and the trend of residential buildings was mainly northeast–southwest. The plain terrain had little effect on the orientation of buildings, single-building areas, or the public spaces of the settlements. Traditional culture and traffic routes affected the orientation of the main buildings of folk houses. This study has theoretical and reference value for the structure optimization and sustainable development of rural settlements in the lower Yellow River plain.
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Livengood, Avery, and Keya Kunte. "Enabling participatory planning with GIS: a case study of settlement mapping in Cuttack, India." Environment and Urbanization 24, no. 1 (April 2012): 77–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247811434360.
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This paper describes the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) devices to map informal settlements in Cuttack, India in ways that enhance and support residents’ participation in the data collection and planning process. Rather than relying on remote sensing to identify informal settlement locations, each settlement is visited individually by a mapping team comprised of community leaders and NGO staff. The mapping team meets with settlement residents to develop a detailed settlement profile and map the settlement boundary using a GPS device. This process has helped to open and sustain a dialogue between the residents of informal settlements and city government around “slum” upgrading, and has influenced the use of a central government fund to support local upgrading plans.
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Hamidah, Noor, R. Rijanta, Bakti Setiawan, and Muh Aris Marfai. "ANALISIS FORMAL DAN INFORMAL FISIK PERMUKIMAN TEPIAN SUNGAI KAHAYAN KOTA PALANGKA RAYA." TATALOKA 19, no. 3 (August 29, 2017): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.19.3.206-217.
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Most of the settlement in Indonesia are located along big river. Kampung Pahandut is one of riverside settlement, thatis to observe in this research. Kampung Pahandut is a first settlement before growth to urban area. Kampung Pahandut is a source of life and ease to access of transport between regions. Research of settlement integration is one of alternative to solve of settlement problem in Indonesia. Settlement consist of: (1) nature; (2) shell/house; (3) network; (4) man; and (5) community. This research only focus on analysis of physical integration (1) nature; (2) shell/house; and (3) network especially natural settlement with the unique of riverside architecture. The objective of this research was to explore the pattern of settlements as an adaptation to the physical environment riverside area and to analyses the physical, economic and social apart of integration of urban riverside settlement. Research method used a combination (mix-used method) based on field observation and quesioner with 50 sample representated on one villages of Pahandut. The results showed there are threevariables that affect to riverside settlement, namely: (1) nature; (2) settlement; and (3) network.. The three variable of the settlement pattern support settlements in those areas riverside towards sustainable development through to riverside area.
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Litvinova, O. G. "RUSSIAN SETTLEMENTS IN THE COASTAL AREA OF THE SELENGA RIVER IN THE 17–19th CENTURIES." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 22, no. 6 (December 29, 2020): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2020-22-6-9-29.
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Purpose. The aim of this work is to determine the patterns of urban planning in Siberian settlements in the coastal area of the Ob-Yenisei waterway. The paper considers the fragment of the route from Lake Baikal to Mongolia border, along the Selenga River. The differences are identified for the settlement type, number and location along the Selenga River in the 17–19th centuries.Design/methodology/approach. Research is based on the collection of maps and archival documents as well as electronic resources from the largest libraries of Russia. All settlement types are tied to a modern satellite map using the free and open-source cross-platform desktop geographic information system QGIS with regard to the main settlement stages in Transbaikal.Research findings. Three main chronological settlements are identified, which are studied allowing for the internal territorial ties, hierarchy and territorial distribution of compact groups of settlements. Spatial interconnections directly depend on the settlement formation and transport routes. The settlement development is progressive and oriented towards an increase in the number of small and medium-sized settlements, compact residential groups, cross-cultural interaction with Buryat settlements and colonies of Russian settlers.
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Merlina, E. J. Dewantara, and R. F. Putri. "Settlement mapping analysis as land use change monitoring in Bogor Regency sub urban area." E3S Web of Conferences 468 (2023): 06014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346806014.
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Settlements are one of the basic human needs that need to be fulfilled. The development of settlements has implications for changes in land use. The high urban population affects the need for settlements in East Cilebut Village as a suburb area which is included in the peri-urban area. East Cilebut Village has the highest population density in Sukaraja District. Physical changes to the area in East Cilebut Village occurred in 2015 and 2020 with the emergence of new settlements. The research was conducted as a form of monitoring the changes in land use into settlements in East Cilebut Village. Monitoring was carried out by mapping settlement blocks in 2015 and 2020. The growth of settlement area was identified through Google Earth satellite imagery in 2015 and 2020. Data processing techniques were carried out by interpreting and on-screen digitizing satellite imagery using ArcGIS. The results of data processing were analyzed descriptively by presenting the data in the form of graphs and maps. Changes in settlement area occurred from 2015 to 2020. The settlement area in 2020 was higher than 2015. The results of data processing are expected to provide advice on settlement development policies for the local government.
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Fedina, I. M. "FIRST SETTLEMENTS OF BLACK SEA COSSACKS." Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Historical science 7 (73), no. 4 (2022): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1741-2021-7-4-107-115.
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The article analyses the initial stage in the settlement of the Kuban at the end of the XVIII century. The study of the history of the first settlements of the Black Sea Cossacks allows one to recreate a historical picture of the settlement in the Black Sea region, to identify the features that are characteristic to the development of the first Cossack settlement structures in the south of Russia. The settlements’ modus vivendi was largely predetermined by the type of settlement and the moment of its creation in the regional historical space, although given some special conditions of the Kuban (South Russian) frontier, the importance of consolidation and sustainability of the Cossack settlements has grown quite largely. The process of peopling an extensive territory of the Black Sea originally did not meet with a noticeable success and broad scale, since for the first ten years after the resettlement there was not a single new settlement with a new Cossack community. Particular attention is paid to the Cossack commercial villages and kuren settlements, as primary residential units, as well as their arrangement and planning
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Mwamba, Jonathan Simbeya. "Analysing the Sustainability Challenges of Informal Urban Settlements: The Case of Chibolya in Lusaka Zambia." Journal of Sustainable Development 13, no. 6 (October 18, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v13n6p55.
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Presently, informal settlements exist as part of the urban fabric and a major constituent of the residential geographies of most Cities in Sub-Saharan Africa. The growth of informal settlements in cities of the global south has been widely discussed in existing literature as a critical concern. Urban development literature in Zambia in particular has focused on the rapid urbanization and poverty growth, but barely explains how this affects settlement sustainability. Studies have focused on measures put in place by government and supporting organisations to help find solutions to the problem. But this has been done without providing specifics as relates to interventions for settlement sustainability and user perceptions of their living environments. The article provides a conceptual analysis of the local dynamics influencing informal settlement development and sustainability. The historical perspective and modern day realities of informal urban settlement settings in Lusaka in Zambia are also reviewed. The case study findings indicate a need to refocus development interventions in informal settlements by considering informal dwellers concerns and requirements when formulating settlements development strategies. The article offers an insight into sustainability challenges that the settlement population faces despite a variety of development interventions by the State and private agencies. The article shows the potential success and sustainability of interventions when informal settlement residents are empowered and take responsibility of their own development agenda. The paper points out the need for collaborative approach to informal settlement improvement where all stakeholders including the local residents, participate in all stages of settlement development.
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Xu, Hui, Qin Guo, Chaoketu Siqin, Yingjie Li, and Fei Gao. "Study of Settlement Patterns in Farming–Pastoral Zones in Eastern Inner Mongolia Using Planar Quantization and Cluster Analysis." Sustainability 15, no. 20 (October 20, 2023): 15077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152015077.
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Settlements are comprehensive carriers of the material form expression and social appearance of human activities under specific geographical environmental choices. The analysis and preservation of their forms are important principles and strategies for rural settlement planning and construction. In this study, 28 settlements in the farming–pastoral zones in eastern Inner Mongolia were selected as the research objects. By combining fractal geometry and computer programming, the relationship between the boundary form, spatial structure, and architectural order of the settlements was quantitatively expressed, and quantitative indicators that better summarize the form of the settlements in the farming–pastoral zones in eastern Inner Mongolia were extracted. Then, factor analysis and cluster analysis were conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS26.0) to obtain the characteristic types of settlement forms. Finally, the classification results were combined with social and humanistic factors and the geographical environment to test the rationality of the results. The results show that (1) five form indicators effectively describe the settlement forms in the research area, among which the shape index, dimension of the public space, and architectural density play a crucial role in the spatial structure factors. (2) In this study, we mainly used a data collection and processing–principal component extraction and systematic clustering-type division method to complete scientific research on settlement form classification. (3) By combining the clustering results with the spatial form features and analysis mainly based on spatial structure factors, the settlement forms in the farming–pastoral zones in eastern Inner Mongolia are described as three typical types: multidirectional expanding settlement, settlement patterns extending at both ends, and centripetal development settlement. Furthermore, the characteristics of the human–land relationship implicit in each type of settlement form are explained, achieving a scientific representation and classification of the settlement forms. The research results provide useful quantitative guidance for rural revitalization, settlement form optimization, and preservation in the farming–pastoral zones in eastern Inner Mongolia
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Molus, Wilma, Verena Thomas, Jackie Kauli, and Laurie Buys. "'I want to buy my own block of land': Representation of urban settlement communities in Papua New Guinea." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 27, no. 1and2 (September 30, 2021): 232–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v27i1and2.1196.
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Urban settlements are home to around half the urban population of Papua New Guinea. Since the end of the Second World War, PNG towns and cities have experienced significant growth of urban settlements. Urban dwellings were established on customary and untransformed state lands. With limited support for services from government, informal settlements in the urban landscape have often been perceived from the perspective of their deficiencies. However, residents of urban settlement communities play an important role in urban economies. The purpose of this article is to critically review perceptions of settlements and issues affecting settlement communities in PNG, both in the mainstream media and from within settlement communities. The authors first present a media content analysis of reporting on settlement communities on PNG’s main online media sites. Second, they examine urban market vendors’ personal experiences of the challenges and solutions of living in Kamkumung Settlement in Lae. Drawing on storytelling and photovoice workshops with market vendors at Awagasi market, they argue for the need for media actively to include the voices of settlement residents. The article suggests that, by better understanding the context and personal experience of residents, journalists and the media could make a stronger contribution to sustainable development and urban planning in PNG.
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Ding, Ming Tao, and Qing Wang. "Delineation of Rural Settlement Boundaries in the Upper Reaches of Min River, China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 2744–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.2744.
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Settlement marks the crucial spatial form for human survival, while rural settlement serves as concentrated reflection of relationship between human and land in mountainous areas. The upper reaches of Min River is not only a multi-ethnic neighborhood, but also a typical eco-environmental vulnerable area as well as the prone area for mountain hazards. Taking SPOT-5 images as the significant data source for spatial analysis, this paper, in accordance with the different geographical positions that rural settlements are located, classifies rural settlement into three types: valley settlement, slope surface settlement and mountain settlement, aiming at boundary characteristics of which the paper confirms symbol for their remote sensing interpretation. With the combined approach of field survey and remote sensing interpretation, the paper finds out that in study area, there are 1667 natural settlements under 625 administrative villages, density of which is 0.025km2, and settlement distribution in this region enjoys the features of dispersity, low density as well as small scale.
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Muchammad Yunus, Indra Prasetyo, and Muninghar. "ANALISIS PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI, PENGEMBANGAN KARIR DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA PEGAWAI DINAS PERUMAHAN RAKYAT KAWASAN PERMUKIMAN DAN CIPTA KARYA KABUPATEN SUMENEP." EKONOMIKA45 : Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi Bisnis, Kewirausahaan 9, `1 (December 1, 2021): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30640/ekonomika45.v9i2.172.
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The purpose of this study are : 1) describe the organizational culture, career development, work motivation and job satisfaction of the employees of the Public Housing Service of the Settlement Areas and Human Settlements of Sumenep Regency; 2) Test and analyze the relationship of influence simultaneously which is significant organizational culture, career development and work motivation on job satisfaction of employees of the Department of Housing and Human Settlements, Sumenep Regency; 3) Test and analyze the relationship between the influence of organizational culture and job satisfaction of employees of the Public Housing Service of the Settlement Areas and Human Settlements of Sumenep Regency. 4) Test and analyze the relationship between the influence of career development and job satisfaction of the employees of the Public Housing Service for Settlement Areas and Human Settlements of Sumenep Regency; 5) Test and analyze the relationship between the influence of work motivation and job satisfaction of employees of the Public Housing Service of the Settlement Areas and Human Settlements of Sumenep Regency.
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Soviana, Widya, Munirwansyah, Syamsidik, and Ashfa Achmad. "Analysis of tsunami disaster mitigation priority on urban area settlement." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1140, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1140/1/012022.
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Abstract Settlement in coastal areas is at risk of a tsunami disaster. In urban areas, the risk of disaster can be greater than the area behind it. This study aims to analyze the priority of tsunami disaster mitigation based on settlements criteria in urban areas. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire given to experts in the field of disaster mitigation. The research variables consisted of occupancy typology, settlement locations, settlement patterns and density, coastal environment, evacuation routes and evacuation sites. Processing and analyzing data using statistical product and service solution software. The results of the regression analysis obtained that the settlement model Y = 3,055 – 0,410 residential typology + 1,119 settlement locations -0,017 settlement patterns + 1,323 settlement density + 0,040 coastal environment + 0,853 evacuation routes + 0,875 evacuation places. A high correlation was obtained on the location criteria and settlement patterns. Based on the mean value, the criteria for vertical evacuation places have the highest value, so can be recommended as a priority for the tsunami mitigation plan in urban settlements.
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Wu, Yi Qun, and Jian Tao Weng. "Paradigm Analysis and Guidance of Island Commercial Settlements - A Case Study of Work-Living Settlements in Zhoushan Island." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.27.
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Different from inland settlement, island settlement has its unique spacial and social expression mechanism. Aimed at maximizing industrial performance, mixed-use paradigms of diversified work-living settlements were constructed, including fishery-living settlements, industry-living settlements, market-living settlements and etc. At the scale of unit, neighborhood and region, this paper studies the phenomenon of work-living residence in the semi-urbanized Zhoushan island, and summarizes three kinds of settlement structures under specific development environments. And, based on the shared growth of work and living, this paper puts forward the guidance and control strategies of indicator limitation, function assignment and zoning organization, providing references for island commercial settlements evolution both at home and abroad.
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Yakovleva, Svetlana I., and Mohammad I. Alsuleyman. "PROBLEMS OF SETTLING FORMATION IN POSTWAR SYRIA." Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin, no. 3(54) (2020): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2020-3-68-80.
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The identification of settlement problems and mechanisms for their solution in the post-war period is a topical issue of scientific and applied significance. The purpose of the article is to show the essence of settlement problems in postwar Syria and the creation of institutional conditions for their solution. The main element of scientific novelty is the idea of the post-war settlement formation as a planned (controlled) process of restoring the main settlement axes, cities with redevelopment and creation of suburban settlements (instead of informal ones), rural settlements with the expansion of their functional types (agriculture and new activities).
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Jeftic, Marija. "The impact of demographic processes on the functional urban regions' development in Serbia." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 95, no. 1 (2015): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1501067j.
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Based on the relevant theoretical and methodological approaches and settlement-demographic components, in this paper is determined a functional urban settlement structure in the territory of the Republic of Serbia. Chronological overview of the changes in urban settlement's population from the postwar period to the present was intended to show the relations between demographic processes and development of the functional urban regions, to determine the degree of spatial differentiation of the territory of the Republic of Serbia and to establish the trends of the settlement formation as one of the factors of spatial and regional development. Small functional urban regions (whose center consists of urban settlements with 50,000 to 100,000 inhabitants) are proposed as the instruments for decentralization of the territory of the Republic of Serbia. On the basis of current functional urban structure and spatial demographic polarization of the Republic of Serbia, generally are given the possible planning directions with the aim of rational regional development of the entire area.
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Wang, Lu Cang, Wei Li, and Jing Gao. "The Plan Guidelines for Villages under the Background of Nomadic Settlement — A Case Study of Luqu County in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 5886–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5886.
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“The Project of Nomadic Settlement” is one of the major construction tasks for “Gannan Important Water Supply Ecological Functional Area of Yellow River”. Because of the distribution of population and settlements have obvious discreteness and wavering in alpine pasture, it is necessary to plan and guide agricultural and grazing villages during the process of the construction of nomadic settlements, spatial displacement and integration of population and settlement. The nomadic habitation mode in Luqu county undergoes four stages. At present, it adopts four settlement modes, that is, centralized settlement mode in the county town, settlement mode in the village, settlement along the highway mode and dispersed settlement mode, involving a total of 2,645households,13,783people and be arranged in 21 settlements. The paper adopts 14 indicators related conditions of economic development, social development conditions, geographic conditions, measures the overall strength of 24 administrative villages in Luqu, the whole villages are divided into four grade. The results show that the suburban villages are better than the surrounding villages and towns, pure pastoral farming are better than farming-pastoral villages. Accordingly, 24 villages are divided into four types—community-based villages, developing villages, controlling villages, and revoking-merging villages. Finally, it also proposes the path on village plan guidelines.
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Zhang, Jingyi, Xiaoxiang Tang, Zhao Yu, Suwen Xiong, and Fan Yang. "Water-Town Settlement Landscape Atlas in the East River Delta, China." Land 13, no. 2 (January 27, 2024): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13020149.
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The water-town settlements in the East River Delta of China engage with the aquatic environment, establishing a comprehensive cultural–ecological system. However, rapid urbanization challenges the structural integrity of water-town settlements. Focusing on the East River Delta as the study area, we utilized the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), settlement morphology indicators, systematic clustering, and graph classification methods. We conducted a quantitative analysis of the spatial characteristics of water-town settlements at various scales, followed by formulating a sequence encoding based on landscape factors and constructing a settlement landscape spatial map. We characterized the landscape spatial structure of water-town settlements formed through the gradual evolution of morphological water network structures, retracing a prototype of water-town settlement landscape spatial structures. Results: ① Water-town settlements exhibit distinct uniformity in the landscape spatial features. The settlement landscapes conform to water network patterns, with streets and alleys aligning with water bodies. Crucial elements, including docks, bridges, and waterside farmland, are integral to this landscape. ② Water-town settlements undergo three progressive differentiation phases based on their location. The spatial distribution of settlements reveals three distinct landscape features influenced by the delta’s dynamic interplay between water and land. ③ Various regions exhibit three typical settlement layouts: upstream settlements are mainly clustered and linear, while midstream and downstream settlements, characterized by linear and strip-like features, align with the river’s course. These research findings offer preliminary insights into landscape spatial prototypes, contributing valuable perspectives to the conservation and design of water-town settlements.
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Lei, Yalun, Hongtao Zhou, Meng Wang, and Chuan Wang. "Analysis on Spatial Characteristics and the Adaptation Mechanism of Miao Traditional Settlement in Qiandongnan, China." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (October 4, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6293833.
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In the farming era, the ancestors of Miao moved to a mountainous area in Qiandongnan to avoid wars. When they started their settlement construction, people gave priority to how to deal appropriately with the great survival pressure they were facing. This paper uses the methods GIS spatial analysis, morphological index, and spatial syntax to explain the spatial characteristics of Miao traditional settlements from the perspective of both regional scale and individual settlement and explores the adaptation mechanism. The results show that (1) spatial distribution of settlements shows a tendency of agglomeration and significant spatial heterogeneity; the maximum kernel density is in the Leikaitai area, which is featured by an inclined “T” shape; (2) settlements are concentrated in areas mainly around Qingshui River and Duliu River, with an elevation of 500–1000 m, terrain relief of 10–20 m, and the slope of 5–15°; (3) the external boundary of settlement is mainly finger-shaped and buildings showed a large concentration of small distribution; and (4) settlements have generally formed an overall landscape pattern of “mountain-water-field-forest-building,” with the space center appearing inside the settlements and the road connecting the outside of the settlement. This paper summarizes the intrinsic relationship among settlements’ spatial characteristics, the natural environment, and the social and economic environment and concludes the internal morphological evolution of the settlement which has shifted from survival adaptability to active search for development. The results of this research can provide a valuable reference for traditional settlement protection, utilization, and sustainable development.
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Sheludkov, A. V., and M. A. Orlov. "Settlement network topology as a factor of rural population dynamics (a case study of Tyumen oblast)." Izvestiya Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriya geograficheskaya, no. 4 (August 28, 2019): 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2587-55662019446-62.
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After a brief counter-urbanization of the early 1990s, rural out-migration resumed in Russia. Population concentrates in large settlements, while small and medium-sized towns and villages lose people. The farther rural settlements from regional center the greater the outflow of people. Centripetal tendencies can be mitigated or amplified at local level, where specific conditions of the area come to fore. The authors suggest settlement network pattern as one of such contextual factors, whose effects on population dynamics are still poorly understood. The paper poses two questions: what the effects of settlement network topology on the rate of population concentration are, and how population dynamics in individual settlements depends on their position in settlement network. Based on a case study of Tyumen oblast of Russia the authors investigated population dynamics in 2002–2010 with methods of network, cluster and regression analysis. The authors did not find relationship between density and centralization of settlement network and rate of population concentration. However, the study revealed a significant role, played by the network position in determining individual settlements population increase/decrease. Together with initial population size, the network position explained 23–24% of the variance in population dynamics among the towns and villages of Tyumen oblast. Outside the Tyumen metropolitan area settlements with highest inter-district network centrality grew. It is noteworthy that configuration of the regional settlement network at inter-district level emerged during the period of colonization of Western Siberia in 17–19 centuries. The configuration largely stems from the river network. Thus, even if the factors, which determined settlement network pattern, have lost their force, the settlement pattern itself continues to affect social space.
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Antonov, E. V., and S. G. Safronov. "Genetic Types of Kamchatka Rural Settlements." Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk Seriya Geograficheskaya 87, no. 8 (December 1, 2023): 1275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2587556623080034.
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The process and the results of Russian colonization traditionally attract the attention of specialists in various scientific fields. The development of the settlement system is both an important part and an indicator of this process. Based on data from various static and literary sources, genetic types of Kamchatka rural settlements. Although most of the more than 320 rural settlements in Kamchatka currently no longer have a population, their composition and geography are of interest for analyzing the logic of development and prospects for further settlement pattern transformation. In recent decades, it has been largely associated with the adaptation of the initial functions of rural settlements to modern conditions. During the Soviet period, the most important from the point of view of settlement development, there were multidirectional processes in Kamchatka: extensive quantitative growth associated with the development of local fish resources and agricultural areas has been replaced by several stages of “optimization” of the settlement network. Compared with other regions of Asian Russia, settlements associated with mining development were relatively poorly represented here. In the northern part of the region, after the elimination of most seasonally inhabited settlements of indigenous residents, a rare and not very stable network of stationary settlements was formed. All these processes have led to the formation of a fairly wide set of genetic types of rural settlements on the peninsula for territories with focal settlement pattern—from commercial and forestry to agricultural, related to agricultural development, and suburban. The further evolution of the region’s rural settlement pattern will depend on the preservation of viable elements of the original functions of settlements, the preservation of the social core of residents, and the maintenance of the housing stock and infrastructure created at previous stages.
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Zhang, Zhenyu, Rongqiao Xu, Xi Wu, and Jinchang Wang. "ANN-Based Dynamic Prediction of Daily Ground Settlement of Foundation Pit Considering Time-Dependent Influence Factors." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 6324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136324.
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Accurately and dynamically predicting ground settlements during the construction of foundation pits is pivotal to the understanding of the potential risk of foundation pits and, therefore, enables constructors to take timely and effective actions to ensure the construction safety of foundation pits. Existing settlement prediction methods mainly focus on the prediction of the maximum ground settlements based on static influence factors, such as soil properties and the geometry of foundation pits. However, these methods are unable to be applied to the prediction of daily ground settlements in a direct way because daily ground settlements can be affected by many time-dependent influence factors, and an accurate prediction of daily ground settlements should take into consideration such factors. To address this problem, this paper proposes an artificial neural network-based daily ground settlement prediction method, where both static and time-dependent influence factors, as well as previous settlement monitoring data, are considered in the optimum artificial neural network. The proposed method is validated using data collected from a real cut-and-cover highway tunnel project in western Hangzhou, China. The results demonstrate that time-dependent influence factors and previous settlement monitoring data play vital roles in establishing an optimum artificial neural network for the accurate prediction of daily ground settlement.
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Al-Aghbari, M. Y. "Settlement of Shallow Circular Foundations with Structural Skirts Resting on Sand." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 4, no. 1 (December 1, 2007): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol4iss1pp11-16.
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This paper presents the findings of an experimental study concerning a method of reducing the settlement of shallow circular foundations on sand. It involves the use of structural skirts fixed to the edges of foundations. The experiments were performed in a large tank setting and the footing was instrumented in order to measure normal stresses and settlement. A series of tests were conducted to study the settlements of a circular footing with and without structural skirts. Test results indicate that this type of reinforcement reduces the settlement of subgrade and modifies the stress-displacement behaviour of the footing. A settlement Reduction Factor (SRF) was proposed, which takes into account the influence of various parameters that affect settlements. Results show that the use of structural skirts can produce enhanced settlement reduction in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 depending on stress applied and skirt depth. Given these levels of settlements reduction, it is concluded that the use of structural skirts to reduce the settlement of shallow foundations on dense sand is of practical significance. Further testing is recommended for different foundation shapes with structural skirts resting on different soil types.
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Li, Dapeng, and Changhong Yan. "Building Deformation Prediction Based on Ground Surface Settlements of Metro-Station Deep Excavation." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (October 10, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6050353.
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Building deformations are not only closely related to the distance from the building to metro-station excavation but also related to the relative positions of the building and metro-station excavation. Building deformations can be predicted using ground surface settlement profiles. Based on typical geological parameters of Nanjing metro-station excavation, ground surface settlements were numerically simulated by auxiliary planes perpendicular and parallel to the excavation and by angled auxiliary planes at the excavation corner. Results show that the ground surface settlement profiles in auxiliary planes are closely related to the relative positions of the auxiliary planes and the metro-station excavation. Partitioning of ground surface settlements was proposed according to the three types of ground surface settlement profiles; furthermore, bending deformation and torsional deformation regularities of surrounding buildings were analyzed, and an estimation method for building settlements was developed. Finally, field-monitored settlement data of 21 buildings in different zones were compared with the estimated settlement data, and the application of the settlement estimation method to different types of foundations was analyzed. The results of this study can serve as reference for metro-station deep excavation construction and protection of surrounding buildings.
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Roth, Alvin E. "Some Additional Thoughts on Post-Settlement Settlements." Negotiation Journal 1, no. 3 (July 1985): 245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1571-9979.1985.tb00312.x.
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