Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Settlement'
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Martin, James. "Site and settlement : land and settlement structures in rural Northumberland." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/558.
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There is a growing awareness of concerns expressed by people who live in the countryside as arguments for and against new housing developments on farmland receive widespread and regular publicity. The debate follows several different perspectives from participant and nonparticipant parties with a focus of contention on erosion of traditional values. A persuasive argument in this debate is found in traditionalists' opposition to physical and social changes to existing hamlets, villages and small towns, on evidence of the effects of C20 housing accretions, and recognition of the threat to the nature of earlier settlements posed by urban standards of development. This raises fundamental questions about interpretations of rurality in the context of settlement growth, and raises a challenge for developers to retain much admired rural characteristics in a climate of new housing need. The study addressest hese issuesb y examining literature from a wide range of disciplines to develop a concept for meaningful analysis of settlements, in which site and social processes are manifest in building forms. It informs the debate by pinpointing formative elements in settlement development from investigation of linkages between building configurations and particular properties of location and place in a chronology of events and processes. Hamlets,v illagesa nd small towns are in many sensesb eautifulp laces,c ombiningv ariety and interaction of different qualities of forms and spaces in single buildings and groups of buildings. Part of this complexity is a combination of physical and socio-cultural elements which are reflectedi n particularu sesa nd arrangementosf buildings and spaces. The study proposest hat settlementsa re social constructsin which landscapeis a unique elementa nd central to the formation of their distinctive configurations. The study is composed of two parts of empirically based research of settlements in Northumberland. Quantitative and qualitative methodologies are used to explore the prevalence of relationships between building configurations and topographical and geological divisions, and to investigate the phenomena of social-cultural relationships with site. The analysis identifies key elements of landscape which are negotiated by groups of buildings to give distinctive qualities to configurations. The research helps understand site/settlement relationships, by acknowledging the processes and differences which occur over different locations and uses at different times. The research develops new methodologies in tracing site/settlement relationships, and promotes an analytic approach, as an instrument in development processes, to contextualise settlement formations by providing a rich insight into some of their essential characteristics. It concludes that site offers opportunities for and sets limits on development and provides a cohesion between physical and socio-cultural processes of development in a climate of continuous change.
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Rickson, Kara E. "Unsettled Settlements of Environmental Risk: Accounting for hazardous legacies, risky environments, and settlement exposures." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/397587.
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This study examines struggles over settlement exposures to environmental risk, and the ways socio-environmental legacies and commitments are problematised, challenged, transformed, or otherwise ‘unsettled’. Inquiry is directed to discursive and material processes that shape legacy exposures and risk commitments ‘in place’, yet remain relatively neglected in scholarship, policy, and planning. Drawing upon critical, constructivist, and conflict perspectives, especially within environmental sociology and the sociologies of risk and disaster, the study systematically addresses issues of power in the production and placement of risk, hazard, and exposure, and in related understanding of impacts, and response. Grounded in a qualitative methodology, a case approach and mixed methods are employed to identify and investigate three environmental risk controversies situated in the coastal, mainland Moreton Bay Region in Southeast Queensland, Australia. Methods used include the analysis of documentary and archival material, a household survey, and semi-structured interviews with self-selected residents who were survey respondents, and with purposively sampled community group representatives. The cases investigate, in turn, contentious settlement exposures related to the ‘encroachment’ of hazardous industries and a large chemical factory fire, catastrophic flooding and the manageability of flood risk, and the acceptable impacts of climate change adaptation itself.
Analysis in each case was directed to the following: predominant problem and solution framing; critical attention to government roles in risk creation; issues of allocation and claims of tolerability, acceptability, and responsibility for risk acceptance; and related contestation and prospects for transformation. ‘Placing’ environmental risk controversies in this way supported consideration of the nature, significance, and limits of any related (symbolic or material) unsettling. The incidents, disasters, and disputes under study included challenges to the authority of technical and scientific knowledge, its appropriate application in local contexts, and the accessibility and acceptability of paths and processes for determining the stakes and commitments of settlement. Interpreted as cases of encroachment, fragmentation, and displacement, powerful risk commitments were argued to remain ‘out of frame’ in important ways. Enduring socio-institutional and politico-legal commitments to the accommodation, accumulation, and domestication of risk, hazard, and exposure were evident across the cases. The hazardous legacies of past land-use decisions, for instance, were identified but naturalised in ways that served to enable the advancement of certain trajectories, forms, and locations of development. It was argued that these ongoing risk commitments, and challenges to them, are best understood as inseparable from both local ‘risk landscapes’ and broader claims to the legitimate terms and bounds of governance, environment, and settlement.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
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Johnson, Charles David. "Critical natural resources in the Mesa Verde region, A.D. 600-1300 distribution, use and influence on Puebloan settlement /." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2006/C%5FJohnson%5F042706.pdf.
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Baumli, Joseph Walden Potts Louis W. "Prairie trails, iron rails, and tall tales : the settling, town building, and people of Nodaway County, Missouri, 1839-1910." Diss., UMK access, 2004.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of History and School of Education. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2004."A dissertation in history and urban leadership and policy studies in education." Advisor: Louis W. Potts. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Feb. 22, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 363-372). Online version of the print edition.
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Clarke, Philip. "Botany Bay Penal Settlement." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Humanities (HUM), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1030.
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Lieutenant James Cook claimed New South Wales for Great Britain in 1770. However, it was not until 1786 that a settlement was authorised there. The settlement was not for free men, but the for the unwanted convicts, their masters and protectors; the First Fleet convicts landed at Sydney Cove on January 26, 1788 and Governor Phillip lay claim officially to the country.
The decision to establish a settlement in New South Wales took sixteen years. It was not the clear-cut and positive beginning to a country that it could have been.
The emphasis of this report is to look at the factors that contributed to the decision and the line that the decision makers took. This has involved investigation of parliamentary debates, ministers’ letters and other sources relevant to the decision. The factors most pressing at the time for the government were the over abundance of criminals and the budget deficit. With a relatively simple move, Lord Sydney was able to relieve the first problem at the same time as his Prime Minister, William Pitt, took on the budget. It is clear that the settlement was established for the dubious benefit of relieving England of the convicts.
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Fridh, Marcus, and Fredrik Sy. "Settlement Generation in Minecraft." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20422.
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This paper explores graph grammar and constructive solutions for settlement generation in Minecraft. It uses graph grammar to flatten parts of the surface in order to increase the space for the buildings. Buildings are then generated with a constructive solution that follows a step-by-step model where different parts of the building are created in a certain order. Different parts include the shape of the foundation itself, the walls, the roof and the furniture. The algorithm picks which blocks to use on different parts of the house through an object called district palette. The buildings are divided up into areas called districts, where all the houses within the district follow a similar aesthetic style. The goal is to compare our solution with existing solutions from the Generative Design in Minecraft (GDMC) competition to see how it holds up against the other submissions. To evaluate, a user study was performed where each jury has to score four criteria: adaptivity, functionality, evocative narrative, and aesthetics. The results show that the solution had a strong aesthetics but fell behind in adaptivity, functionality, and evocative narrative. Most of it was due to not being able to generate different structures, and not cleaning up the trees around the buildings and the roads.
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Taylor, R. Simon. "Settlement-names in Fife." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21565.
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The core of this thesis is divided into three sections: 1) linguistic and historical analysis of parish- and certain settlement-names of Fothrif (west Fife), within the boundaries of the medieval sheriffdom of Fife i.e. 39 parish-names, both obsolete and extant; and all settlement-names, both obsolete and extant, which contain the habitative elements baile, bý(r), caer, dùn, pett, ràth and toun, and the settlement-related element dabhach. These names are set out alphabetically under 33 headings, each heading a pre-Reformation parish. Each of these parishes is prefaced by a set of Introductory Notes, which give a brief history of the development of the parish as an ecclesiastical unit, and relate it to the parish boundaries shown on the O.S. 1" (7th Series) Map. 2) linguistic and historical analysis of all settlement-names recorded before c. 1650 in the combined medieval parishes of St Andrews and St Leonards, (east) Fife. 3) Elements Index containing an alphabetical list of all elements which occur regularly in the place-names listed in sections 1) and 2). Under each element are listed all names which contain that element through the medieval sheriffdom of Fife. The whole is preceded by three introductory chapters. Chapter 1 discusses the geology, geography and history of the whole of Fife, with special reference to place-names; it also defines Fothrif and the medieval sheriffdom of Fife. Chapter 2 contains a linguistic history of Fife, as revealed by the onomastic evidence. Special attention is paid to the interaction between Pictish and Gaelic, and between Gaelic and Older Scots. It also discusses a range of Gaelic linguistic features manifested by the place-names. Chapter 3 discusses the habitative elements baile, pett, dùn, caer, ràth and lios, especially the relationship between baile and pett, and the phenomenon of Pit-/Bal-substitution; attempts some conclusions about the nature of early medieval settlement in Fife; and adumbrates areas of further research in other parts of former Pictland not yet subjected to detailed onomastic analysis.
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Haas, W. Randall, Cynthia J. Klink, Greg J. Maggard, and Mark S. Aldenderfer. "Settlement-Size Scaling among Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherer Settlement Systems in the New World." PLoS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621349.
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UA Open Access Publishing Fund awarded when author was at University of Arizona.Settlement size predicts extreme variation in the rates and magnitudes of many social and ecological processes in human societies. Yet, the factors that drive human settlement-size variation remain poorly understood. Size variation among economically integrated settlements tends to be heavy tailed such that the smallest settlements are extremely common and the largest settlements extremely large and rare. The upper tail of this size distribution is often formalized mathematically as a power-law function. Explanations for this scaling structure in human settlement systems tend to emphasize complex socioeconomic processes including agriculture, manufacturing, and warfare—behaviors that tend to differentially nucleate and disperse populations hierarchically among settlements. But, the degree to which heavy-tailed settlement-size variation requires such complex behaviors remains unclear. By examining the settlement patterns of eight prehistoric New World hunter-gatherer settlement systems spanning three distinct environmental contexts, this analysis explores the degree to which heavy-tailed settlement-size scaling depends on the aforementioned socioeconomic complexities. Surprisingly, the analysis finds that power-law models offer plausible and parsimonious statistical descriptions of prehistoric hunter-gatherer settlement-size variation. This finding reveals that incipient forms of hierarchical settlement structure may have preceded socioeconomic complexity in human societies and points to a need for additional research to explicate how mobile foragers came to exhibit settlement patterns that are more commonly associated with hierarchical organization. We propose that hunter-gatherer mobility with preferential attachment to previously occupied locations may account for the observed structure in site-size variation.
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Nash, Beryl Rose. "Anglo-Scandinavian settlement in the Lower Trent Valley, 750-1066 AD : settlements, fields and boundaries." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263741.
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Magida, Litha Lincoln. "The Witsand Human Settlement Project : a participatory process to establish a sustainable human settlement." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80271.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is experiencing a number of challenges, which have led to developmental backlogs, housing shortages and growing informal areas. At the same time, the country is also experiencing sustainability problems, such as climate change, biodiversity loss and resource shortages. Strategies to address these challenges do not always provide adequate space for participatory structures as suggested by Local Agenda 21. Social sustainability (the ability of communities to collaborate in order to promote sustainability) is a fundamental component of sustainable development. An essential ingredient of social sustainability is to maintain and develop the stock of social capital (social bonds, relationships of trust, and connectedness in groups and networks). The existence of conflict and distrust in communities therefore makes cooperation for development and sustainability very difficult. The purpose of this study was to examine and evaluate a specific case study, namely the Witsand Integrated Energy Environment Empowerment Cost Optimisation (iEEECO) Human Settlement Project, situated near Atlantis within the City of Cape Town, with regard to lessons about the process towards sustainable human settlements and sustainability. This case study was chosen because it is a so-called People’s Housing Project that has also been developed as an ecological sustainable project. The study specifically aimed to establish whether and how participation was implemented as part of this project and how effective this had been in promoting social sustainability, since it had also been a conflict-ridden project. The case study methodology was used where interviews, direct observation and focus groups sessions were conducted. Finally, the study reports on the findings and formulates recommendations based on the case study on some of the ways to improve sustainability. The process of learning about this community was like unpeeling an onion, that started with the impression of a successful sustainable human settlement, but ended up with the knowledge that it is a project, which despite more than usual efforts made to implement sustainability principles and participation, remains conflict ridden and fragmented. The community is presently represented by two community organisations (of which one does not support sustainability principles). It also seems as if few community members felt that they had really been involved in the participation process, with many relegated to make up numbers in meetings, with no real involvement in the process. The level of illiteracy within the community is high and rumours abound, which at one stage led to houses of community leaders, as well as field workers employed by the municipality to monitor extension of shacks, being stoned and burnt. Municipal policies to use local people as gate-keepers to keep informal areas from growing are contributing to these problems. Changes in housing policies regarding contributory payments are also adding to conflict within the community, which adds fuel to rumours of corruption. In the context of a shortage of space where people can legally build their own shacks, a shortage of public facilities like schools and clinics, as well as employment opportunities, this project cannot yet be regarded as an integrated sustainable human settlement.The lessons that this case study teaches us is about the path towards sustainability, is that it is a complex process, which requires a bigger focus on social sustainability and on conflict transformation. Social sustainability requires more and better participation and transparency in policy-making, as well as changes in policies to promote more fairness, justice, and the building of social capital. Co-production, where state and citizens work together to provide basic services, has much to offer as a method of participation, especially if initiated and run by grassroots organisations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika beleef 'n aantal uitdagings, wat gelei het tot ontwikkelingsagterstande, behuisingstekorte en groeiende informele gebiede. Terselfdertyd ondervind die land ook volhoubaarheidsprobleme, soos klimaatverandering, die verlies aan biodiversiteit en hulpbron-tekorte. Strategieë om hierdie uitdagings aan te spreek, laat nie altyd voldoende ruimte vir deelnemende strukture soos voorgestel deur Plaaslike Agenda 21 nie. Sosiale volhoubaarheid (die vermoeë van gemeenskappe om saam te werk ten einde volhoubaarheid te bevorder) is 'n fundamentele komponent van volhoubare ontwikkeling. 'n Noodsaaklike bestanddeel van sosiale volhoubaarheid is om die voorraad van sosiale kapitaal (sosiale gom, verhoudings van vertroue, en verbondenheid in groepe en netwerke) in stand te hou en te ontwikkel. Die bestaan van konflik en wantroue in gemeenskappe maak dus samewerking vir ontwikkeling en volhoubaarheid baie moeilik. Die doel van hierdie studie was om 'n spesifieke gevallestudie te ondersoek en te evalueer, naamlik die Witsand Geïntegreerde Energie en Omgewing Bemagtiging Koste Optimisering (iEEECO) Menslike Nedersetting Projek, naby Atlantis binne die Stad Kaapstad, met betrekking tot lesse oor die proses na volhoubare menslike nedersettings en volhoubaarheid. Hierdie gevallestudie is gekies omdat dit is 'n sogenaamde gemeenskapsbehuisingprojek (People's Housing Project) is, wat ook as 'n ekologiese volhoubare projek ontwikkel is. Die studie is spesifiek daarop gemik om vas te stel of en hoe deelname as deel van hierdie projek geïmplementeer is en hoe effektief dit was om sosiale volhoubaarheid te bevorder of nie, aangesien dit ook 'n konflik-geteisterde projek was. Die gevallestudie metodologie is gebruik, waar onderhoude, direkte waarneming en fokusgroep sessies onderneem is. Ten slotte doen die studie verslag oor die bevindings en formuleer aanbevelings oor hierdie gevalle studie ten opsigte van metodes hoe om deelname te verbeter om volhoubaarheid te bevorder. Die proses van leer oor hierdie gemeenskap was soos om 'n ui af te skil, wat begin het met die indruk van 'n suksesvolle volhoubare menslike nedersetting, maar geëindig het met die wete dat dit 'n projek is, wat ten spyte van meer as die gewone pogings om volhoubaarheidsbeginsels en deelname te implementeer, deur konflik en fragmentasie gepla is. Dit word verteenwoordig deur twee gemeenskapsorganisasies (waarvan een nie volhoubaarheid beginsels ondersteun nie). Dit blyk ook asof min gemeenskapslede regtig voel dat hulle in die deelname proses betrokke was, met baie wat voel dat hulle gerelegeer was tot getalle by vergaderings, sonder regtige betrokkenheid in die proses Die vlak van ongeletterdheid in die gemeenskap is hoog en gerugte doen die ronde, wat op een stadium gelei het tot die steniging en verbrand van huise van gemeenskap leiers, sowel as veldwerkers wat deur die munisipaliteit aangestel is om die uitbreiding van plakkershutte te monitor. Dit blyk dat die munisipale beleid om plaaslike mense te gebruik as poort-wagte om die groei van informele gebiede te keer, bydra tot hierdie probleme. Veranderinge in behuising beleid ten opsigte van bydraende betalings dra ook by tot konflik binne die gemeenskap, wat gerugte van korrupsie aanvuur. In die konteks van 'n tekort aan ruimte waar mense wettiglik hul eie informele huise kan bou, 'n tekort aan openbare fasiliteite soos skole en klinieke, asook werksgeleenthede, kan hierdie projek nog nie beskou word as 'n geïntegreerde volhoubare menslike nedersetting nie. Die lesse wat hierdie gevallestudie ons kan leer oor die roete na volhoubaarheid, is dat dit 'n komplekse proses is, wat 'n groter fokus op sosiale volhoubaarheid en konflik transformasie vereis. Sosiale volhoubaarheid vereis meer en beter deelname en deursigtigheid in die maak van beleid, sowel as veranderinge in beleide om meer regverdigheid en geregtigheid te bevorder, asook die uitbou van sosiale kapitaal. Ko-produksie, waar staat en burgers saam werk om basiese dienste te lewer, het baie om te bied as 'n metode van deelname, veral as dit geïnisieer en gelei word deur voetsoolvlak organisasies.
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Ulvestad, Anders. "Consolidation Settlement of Suction Caissons." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bygg, anlegg og transport, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19504.
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Consolidation settlement analysis is an essential part of the design process for suction caissons. However it is a complex task since soil volume important for settlement analyses is directly affected by the installation process. Consolidation settlements have been found to be the critical design criterion in several subsea developments, adequate and correct analysis is therefore vital. The FEM code PLAXIS has been used to evaluate the reconsolidation process after completed installation of the suction caisson. Emphasize has been placed on studying the shear strength increase with time along the skirt walls. During consolidation dissipation of excess pore pressures result in higher effective stresses. Consequently the modeled undrained shear strength increases. However the increase is small compared to the expected increase in shear strength due to the set-up phenomenon. To account for the deviation an adjusted simulation procedure incorporating incremental increase of friction angle in the interface zones has been suggested. The results were found to be reasonable with respect to final consolidation settlements and development of mobilized shear strength with time.Adequate modeling of the changes in the interface zones adjacent to the caisson walls during consolidation is vital for correct prediction of long term settlements. Modeled undrained shear strength with time have huge impact on the analysis results due to different mobilization of the surrounding soil. Appropriate evaluation of soil structure interaction is essential to assess the reliability of the analysis. Taking into account changes of the soil volume important for settlement analysis is also vital. A simple physical model test has been performed. Due to delays and relatively short test period the results were inconclusive. However the importance of considering short term set-up effects has been underlined by recorded resistance and physical observations in the field.
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Green, Damian C. "Settlement characteristics of landfill sites." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340947.
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BACELAR, CLEIDE JEANE RIBEIRO. "SETTLEMENT ANALYSES OF PILED RAFTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=3957@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOO comportamento de radiers estaqueados submetidos a carregamento vertical é estudado nesse trabalho. O método de análise é baseado no método dos elementos finitos, através da utilização do programa ABAQUS. Estimativas de valores de recalque ao longo de três seções distintas e distribuição de forças nos topos das estacas são obtidas para diversas configurações de radiers estaqueados em meio homogêneo com diferentes quantidades e arranjos de estacas, para os quais são adotados diferentes comprimentos relativos das estacas L/d, coeficientes de Poisson do solo Vs e espessuras do radier. A maior parte do recalque ocorre imediatamente após a construção, sendo que os recalques por adensamento se apresentam maiores no centro do que na borda do radier. Uma considerável parcela da carga aplicada é transferida diretamente ao solo através do radier, especialmente sob condições não-drenadas. Para condições drenadas essa proporção é reduzida, mostrando que o efeito do coeficiente de Poisson do solo na distribuição de cargas é bastante significativo. A posição das estacas no radier afetam diretamente a proporção da carga transmitida diretamente do radier para o solo, sendo este efeito mais representativo à medida que aumentam o comprimento relativo das estacas e a rigidez do radier. Análises de capacidade de carga são realizadas em condições não-drenadas para todas as configurações avaliadas, mostrando que o aumento na rigidez do radier contribui significativamente para o aumento dos coeficientes de segurança das estacas.
The behaviour of vertically loaded piled rafts is studied in this research. The main objective of this thesis is to analyse the behaviour of a piled raft foundation system acting on a homogeneous half-space subjected to vertical loading. The analysis is based on finite element method by using of the computational program ABAQUS. The evaluation of settlements along three main sections and the load distribution on pile top were obtained for several piled raft configurations in single layered soil profile with different pile number and position, considering different values of pile slenderness ratio, soil Poisson s ratio and also of raft thickness. It has been shown that the major component of the total settlement takes place immediately after the loading application and the component of the consolidation settlement are bigger close to the raft centre than values at the raft edge. A big part of the total applied load is directly transferred to the subsoil by the raft, which becomes more significant under undrained conditions. For drained conditions this ratio decreases, which have shown that the soil Poisson s ratio influence at the load distribution is significant. The pile position under the raft influences the percentage of the load transferred directly to the subsoil by the raft. This influence becomes more significant with the increase of the pile slenderness ratio and of the raft stiffness. The bearing capacity of the piled raft configurations for undrained conditions was evaluated, which have indicated that the increase of the raft stiffness contributes to the increase of the pile safety factors.
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Duering, Andreas. "From individuals to settlement patterns." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f412230f-bbe3-4d07-99b5-ad553bd8b245.
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This thesis describes and contextualises the Population & Cemetery Simulator (PCS), which represents agent-based demographic modelling software that can be used to model living populations based on archaeological and historical data as well as their cemeteries. The data used by the PCS are demographic in nature, e.g. age and sex data generated by osteoarchaeologists from excavated cemeteries or historical demographic data. This thesis seeks to provide a methodological foundation for modelling the demographics of archaeological populations. It focusses on case studies using data from early medieval Anglo-Saxon (South England) and Alamannic (South Germany) cemeteries, although excursions into neighbouring periods and regions are included as validation studies. The case studies show how the PCS can be used in archaeological research and the software is presented as a solution to various problems caused by the difference between the living population and the 'dead' cemetery data in archaeology.
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Muraca, David. "Martin's Hundred: A Settlement Study." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625801.
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Stephens, Katherine Bernice. "American Gypsies: Immigration, migration, settlement." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2354.
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Amos, Christopher. "Private new settlements in England and Wales since 1980 : state and capital in new settlement production." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1992. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/28322.
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This study is an examination of private new settlements in England and Wales, concentrating on the period from 1980 to March 1992. It is set within the context of the significant changes in the relationship between the state, particularly the land use planning system, and the private sector, which took place during this period of Conservative Government, and of major social and economic restructuring.
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Zika, Ulrike. "Factors affecting settlement and post-settlement processes in littoral marine fishes, focusing on Aidablennius sphynx /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13241.
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Gunnarsson, Daniel. "The Scandinavian settlement at Grobiņa : the connections between the settlement, the local population and Gotland." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1482.
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In the town of Grobiņa in Latvia several cemeteries with grave goods and burial traditions that could be linked to Gotland have been excavated, as well as cemeteries of local type. The town itself has been interpreted as the site of a Vendel age settlement, possibly beginning around 650 AD. The aim of this thesis is to study the characteristics of the settlement and in particular its relation to Gotland. A study of the age of circular disc brooches discovered in and around Grobiņa has also been carried out as a part of the analysis. This type of brooches is very typical for Gotland during Vendel and Viking age.I Grobiņa i västra Lettland har ett flertal vendeltida gravfält med gravgåvor och begravningstraditioner som kan kopplas till Gotland påträffats. Även gravfält av lokal typ har påträffats. Grobiņa har tolkats som platsen för en vendeltida bosättning, möjligen grundad cirka 650 e. Kr. Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera bosättningens karaktär, och i synnerhet dess förhållande till Gotland. En studie av de dosformade spännen som påträffats i och omkring Grobiņa har också genomförts som en del av analysen. Denna typ av spännen är typisk för Gotland under vendel- och vikingatid.
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Jikazana, Mzobanzi Elliot. "Living condition in informal settlements: the case of Imizamo Yethu informal settlement in Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1016213.
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The study examines the issue of living conditions in informal settlements, using the case study of Imizamo Yethu informal settlement in Cape Town. Affordability, lack of space, job related issues, a relatively small formal housing stock available in many urban centres, and deregulation, in terms of both access to land and finance, forced lower income groups to seek accommodation in informal settlements. Here people are exposed to unhealthy living conditions. The study reveals that living in informal settlements often poses significant health risks. Sanitation, food storage facilities and drinking water quality are often poor, with the result that inhabitants are exposed to a wide range of pathogens and houses may act as breeding grounds for insect vectors. In informal settlements people often live in temporary homes constructed with impermanent, basic materials. These inhabitants frequently have little option but to live on marginal land (flood plains or steep slopes, for example), with the consequence that they are the first to suffer the effects of cyclones and floods. In addition, a combination of overcrowding, the use of open fires and flammable buildings leads to danger from accidental fires, burns and scalding. The post-apartheid South African government has tried a number of housing initiatives to help alleviate the housing problem since 1994 when it came to power. These have included the Botshabelo Accord (1994), the Housing White Paper in 1995, the National Urban and Reconstruction Housing Agency in 1995, the Housing Subsidy Scheme in 1995, the Housing Act No. 107 of 1997 and the Policy on People’s Housing Process (1998). The government set itself a target of delivering one million houses within five years. By all indications the government did not fully comprehend the gravity of the problem in relation to available resources. In 2004, the Department of Housing declared its intention to eradicate informal settlements in South Africa by 2014. This followed the unprecedented housing backlog, proliferation of informal settlements, social exclusion and the inability of municipalities to provide basic infrastructure to urban poor households. However, despite these bold interventions by government, the study demonstrates that the provision of low-cost housing can be viewed as a wicked problem. Wicked problems are described to be “ill-defined, ambiguous, and associated with strong moral, political and professional issues”. The study, therefore, concludes that given the complexities surrounding the provision of low-cost housing in South Africa, the government’s ambitions to resolve housing backlogs by 2014 appear to be a far-fetched dream.
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Boswell, Anna. "‘Shakey Notions’ : settlement history on display." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/11044.
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This thesis offers a critical examination of strategies employed by museums and heritage sites in representing settler-colonial history. Its concerns are focused through the lens of the northernmost region in Aotearoa New Zealand, Te Tai Tokerau, an area selected for its strong significance in this history. While several chapters deal with museums and heritage sites located within the region— including Waitangi National Trust, Ruapekapeka pa, the Kauri Museum at Matakohe, Te Rerenga Wairua, and the Kerikeri basin—the thesis interprets this designation in a broader way, too. Acknowledging that the region‟s history is not confined within its own geographical boundaries, it also discusses displays which have been staged in Canberra and in Salem, Massachusetts, and which relate to Te Tai Tokerau through the movement of materials, figures and stories. The thesis draws on a range of sources and theoretical models in order to devise approaches to loosely-framed phases of settlement. In its course, it deals with international trade carried out on distinct-but-related early cross-cultural frontiers; considers the concerted transformation of new world environments in terms of historical re-enactment; examines modes of display at the so-called birthplace of the nation in relation to „privileged settings‟, „hard facts‟ and historic turning points; explores counter-conventional ways of making sense of frontier conflict; and reflects on how notions of progress may be applied to emergent possibilities for tribal museums. In each of these cases, the thesis is concerned to examine the impact of postcolonial critiques on museum story-telling, and to examine the role that resurgent indigenous populations have played in shaping or re-shaping certain kinds of representations. The thesis pays particular attention to strains evident in contemporary modes of display, interpreting these as markers of the extent to which representations of settlement continue to be unsettled by the „shakey notions‟ (Maning 1967, 44) upon which they are necessarily founded. While its interests are primarily analytical, the thesis does offer a number of „experimental‟ possibilities for alternative displays—possibilities which may well, because of their own „shakey‟ nature, prove impossible in the context of a settler society.Whole document restricted until Feb. 2014, but available by request, use the feedback form to request access.
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Leong, Man Io. "Prediction of settlement of Macau soils." Thesis, University of Macau, 1997. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1445029.
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Guan, Qian. "Lilong housing, a traditional settlement form." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0001/MQ29850.pdf.
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Guan, Qian 1966. "Lilong housing : a traditional settlement form." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27475.
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"Li" means neighborhoods, "Long" means lanes. These two words combine to describe an urban housing form which characterizes the city of Shanghai. Indissociable from the growth of Shanghai from 1840s to 1949, lilong settlements still comprise the majority of housing stock in the city center today. Inherited traditional dwelling patterns prevailing in the southeast China, profound transformation due to drastic social changes during that era produced lilong housing. Though, these transformation were demonstrated by the evolution of lilong's house forms, the settlement's general organization pattern persisted.Lilong settlement, as a low-rise, ground-related housing pattern, has many advantageous features: hierarchical spatial organization network, separation of public and private zones, high degree of safety control, strong sense of neighborly interaction and social cohesiveness, and so on. These factors make the lilong neighborhoods a pleasant place to live and hence they are loved by local populace.
This thesis traces the evolution of lilong settlement forms in response to social transformation, and analyzes its indigenous design features and urban characteristics. As an ultimate goal, this thesis also explores the key characteristics of this settlement pattern, and the valuable experience that could be drawn as reference in contemporary housing design.
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Wiebe, Shalom Rebekah. "Colombian refugees' stories of navigating settlement." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44942.
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This study examines Colombian refugees’ stories of navigating settlement and integration over time in the Greater Vancouver Regional District. The research question addressed in this study was: What are stories that Colombian refugees tell about their experiences navigating the settlement and integration process? Seven individuals participated in the study, three women and four men, all of whom had arrived in Canada as Government Assisted Refugees between the years of 2000 and 2007 and had settled immediately in the Greater Vancouver region. Information was collected through semi-structured narrative interviews which aimed to identify significant events in settlement over time. Using a narrative approach to analysis, the thesis first introduces each participant and the key aspects of their settlement journey. Next a number of major themes that appeared across the interviews describing the participants’ settlement journey in Canada are introduced, including the refugee experience, navigating around obstacles, and building community and helping others. Personal qualities and practices that served as key techniques for navigating the unfamiliar terrain of the new social environment in Canada are identified and explored in depth. Stories, language, and metaphors used by the participants challenged the concept of integration as a ‘two-way street’ and demonstrate that participants are active agents in their settlement and integration process, relying primarily on their own efforts to incorporate into the new society. Participants narratives revealed their collective identity as people that move forward, overcoming crisis and moving on to build community in their new context, help others, and plan for the future. The findings of this study are relevant to social workers across fields, social work educators, settlement service providers, and others who work in the refugee service provision sector.
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Low, James E. "Religious Zionism and Israeli settlement policy." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/42677.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedIsrael’s 1967 victory in the Six-Day War ironically led to persistent and pervasive struggle. In addition to international scrutiny, regional uncertainty, and the management of an occupied Palestinian population, Israel has been engaged in an internal struggle revolving around settlement of the occupied territories. Religious Zionism constitutes one faction within this struggle. Religious Zionism is a middle-road ideology between secular Zionism, founded by Theodore Herzl in 1897, and the traditional rabbinic teaching that rejects human efforts to secure a return to the ancient land of Israel. Religious Zionism is founded on the belief that Jews have an obligation to return to Israel; such a return is considered a divine commandment. The occupation created the conditions for the religious Zionist movement to force a clash with the secular Israeli government. Religious Zionists wanted to possess and settle the newly occupied territory regardless of national security concerns. I argue that the small religious Zionist movement has had significant influence over the settlement policies of the Israeli government disproportional to its demographic numbers, an influence whose consequences extend to the fate of the peace process and the future of the Middle East.
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Evenett, K. M. "Activated sludge : Surface properties and settlement." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380061.
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Aoyagi, Takahiro. "Representing settlement for soft ground tunneling." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35037.
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Zhang, Jiwen. "BRIDGE END SETTLEMENT EVALUATION AND PREDICTION." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ce_etds/40.
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A bridge approach is usually built to provide a smooth and safe transition for vehicles from the roadway pavement to the bridge structure. However, differential settlement between the roadway pavement resting on embankment fill and the bridge abutment built on more rigid foundation often creates a bump in the roadway. Previous work examined this issue at a microscopic level and presented new methods for eliminating or minimizing the effects at specific locations.
This research studies the problem at a macroscopic level by determining methods to predict settlement severity to assist designers in developing remediation plans during project development to minimize the lifecycle costs of bridge bump repairs. The study is based on historic data from a wide range of Kentucky roads and bridges relating to bridge approach inspection and maintenance history. A macro method considering a combination of maintenance times, maintenance measures, and observed settlement was used to classify the differential settlement scale as minimal, moderate, and severe, corresponding to the approach performance status good, fair, and poor. A series of project characteristics influencing differential settlement were identified and used as parameters to develop a model to accurately predict settlement severity during preliminary design. Eighty-seven bridges with different settlement severities were collected as the first sample by conducting a survey of local bridge engineers in 12 transportation districts. Sample two was created by randomly selecting 600 bridges in the inspection history of bridges in Kentucky. Ordinal and/or multinomial logistic regression analyses were implemented to identify the relationships between the levels of differential settlement and the input variables. Two predictive models were developed. Prediction of bridge approach settlement can play an important role in selecting proper design, construction, and maintenance techniques and measures. The users can select one or two models to predict the approach settlement level for a new bridge or an existing bridge with different purposes.
The significance of this study lies in its identification of parameters that had the most influence on the settlement severity at bridge ends, and how those parameters interacted in developing of a prediction model. The important parameters include geographic regions, approach age, average daily traffic (ADT), the use of approach slabs, and the foundation soil depth. The regression results indicate that the use of approach slabs can improve the performance of approaches on mitigating the problem caused by differential settlement. In addition, current practices regarding differential settlement prediction and mitigation were summarized by surveying the bridge engineers in 5 transportation districts.
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Kayali, H. "Jumping obstacles : the Israeli settlement course." Thesis, Coventry University, 2016. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/d95fd85e-f685-4b29-9640-19f758dd841a/1.
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Since 2005, when the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued its opinion deeming the Israeli Separation Wall and settlements illegal, there have been significant developments in the nonviolent methods adopted for countering Israeli occupation. While Palestinian nonviolent resistance has existed throughout history, from this time onwards, there have been a number of factors that give this period its unique traits. The most central method that has been adopted by all nonviolent actors is to influence economic interaction with Israel in a way that is in line with international law, and is supportive of the official positions adopted by the countries that nonviolent activists aim to influence. While Israeli settlements are illegal according to international law, they include industrial areas that export products to many countries. Through this contradiction, nonviolent activists have found an opportunity to pressurise countries to end their economic ties with those settlements, and consequently put pressure Israel to change its settlement policies. Some of these call for ending economic ties with Israel itself, because it is upholding the settlements, and some call for ending ties only with Israeli settlements; in other words, some target the criminal and others just the crime. In 2010, the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) adopted its first unilateral program that was not in agreement with Israel, and which introduced a strategy for the cessation of economic ties with Israeli settlements. This was done through a mixture of national public awareness campaigns to influence consumer behaviour, and the introduction of legislation by which it became illegal for Palestinian enterprises to have any economic ties with Israeli settlements. After starting by focussing on its own markets, the PNA called upon other countries to follow suit by lobbying government officials, parliamentarians, and financial institutions. However, this action came five years after a call for a full boycott, including divestment and sanctions against Israel, made by Palestinian civil society organizations and political parties. This call, known as the BDS call had gained tremendous support and amalgamated a large pool of members internationally by the time that the PNA started with its campaign for a limited boycott. This disparity has had a significant influence on the dynamics of the boycott movement, both locally in Palestine and globally. This research explores those dynamics. It takes an in-‐‑depth look at the effort to end economic ties with settlements, including who the actors are, what they aim for, how they interact, and how effective they have been. The PNA’s program to end economic ties with settlements was chosen as a case study for this doctoral thesis, because of its central position in relation to the topic and the unique access to its documentation through the author’s previous role as its director.
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O'Neill, Mark A. "Creep settlement of opencast mine backfill." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2007. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20148/.
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The extraction of a significant amount coal in the United Kingdom has over the last four or so decades been made using opencast mining methods. This method involves large-scale excavation to reach the coal seams (with depths often exceeding 100m). Following extraction various forms of restoration have been employed, including backfilling the mine void with material excavated in order to extract the coal. This backfilling was frequently undertaken in an uncontrolled fashion. In recent years it has been more usual to engineer the restoration such that further development of the site can take place. However, settlement remains the major obstacle to development. One mode of settlement commonly encountered on restored sites is creep settlement. Further, on older sites whose restoration was, most probably, undertaken in an uncontrolled way, the potential for creep settlement. is the major obstacle. Creep settlement is understood to be that component of total settlement which, in a coarse granular soil, takes place under conditions of constant stress. It is generally accepted to occur linearly with the decadic logarithm of time. This study investigates the phenomenon from the visualisation of the granular particle mechanics. The technique used for the visualisations is computed tomography (CT), a technique which is common in medical diagnostics but has rarely been exploited in soil mechanics and never at the scale employed in the study. The use of CT supplements a programme of high quality, large scale laboratory testing, which models typical opencast coal mine backfill. The testing programme has revealed that compaction and the diagenesis of the source materials have a significant effect on the creep rate. Further, that the creep rate is defined in the most part by the aggregation of small or minor movements rather being dominated by large or major movements.
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Fashchuk, Y. V., and Y. I. Shkurko. "Eco-city - settlement of the future." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33599.
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We live in a world full of challenges and opportunities at the same time. A fast paced urban life brings with itself the need of a greener environment and a healthier life. Owing to this, eco-city is one of the effective ways out under the existing realities.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33599
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Bruce, Lynn. "Scottish settlement houses from 1886-1934." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3723/.
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This thesis examines the history of Scottish settlement houses from 1886 until 1934. The Scottish settlements have attracted little attention from academics and no overarching study of these organisations has previously been done. This thesis seeks to address this lacuna and situate their achievements within the wider context of the changing role of voluntary organisations in this period. Using archival resources, it argues that settlements made important contributions to Scottish society through social work, training courses and adult education. They pioneered new methods, explored new areas of work and provided their local communities with access to services that they may not otherwise have received. This thesis demonstrates the way in which voluntary bodies evolved in response to local and national pressures and changing social attitudes in order to remain successful and relevant in a period during which their role was changing. There were six settlements in Scotland, each with their own agenda and areas of interest. The settlements remained distinct and independent organisations and there was a limited amount of cooperation between them. This diversity in both location and aims of the settlements gives rise to a range of themes that will be examined in the thesis. The original settlement ideal focused on ameliorating class differences by reforming the characters of working-class individuals through personal connection between them and middle-class settlers. The thesis will examine how this evolved over time. As the state at both a local and national level assumed more responsibility for social services, the role of settlements adapted to encompass training for professional social workers and as the working classes gained more political power the settlements sought to make them ‘fit for citizenship’. Likewise, as the original settlement ideal had denied the legitimacy of working-class culture and community, this attitude also evolved and settlements began to focus on developing strong communities within working-class areas.
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Winthrop, Kathryn R. "Prehistoric settlement patterns in southwest Oregon." Thesis, View full-text version online through Southern Oregon Digital Archives, 1993. http://soda.sou.edu/awdata/030904f1.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 1993.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 256-275). Also available via Internet as PDF file through Southern Oregon Digital Archives: http://soda.sou.edu. Search First Nations/Tribal Collection.
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Majumdar, Paramita. "Settlement structure of eastern colonial India /." Delhi : Gagandeep Publications, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41035593n.
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Fakudze, Churchill M. "Rural resettlement scheme evaluation: a case study of the Mfengu in Tsitsikamma." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003097.
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In 1997 South Africa came out with a policy aimed at addressing the legacy of apartheid in respect of an unequal division of land in the country. About 3.5 million people were moved from rural and urban areas between 1960 and 1980 and deposited in the reserves or areas designed for the exclusive occupation of black people. The new land policy attempts to deal with the resultant problems. The policy advocates a three-pronged approach to land reform encompassing (i) land restitution, (ii) land redistribution and (iii) land tenure reform. A number of projects have been carried out under these three aspects. This study aims to investigate and evaluate the results of a completed land restitution case. The Mfengu of Tsitsikamma was chosen as a case study because the people have moved back and are now living on their land. The Mfengu were dispossessed of their land in 1977 by the apartheid government and their land was returned in 1994. Although this case was processed outside of the land restitution legislation (Restitution of Land Rights Act, 22 of 1994), all restitution cases where people return to their original land have to deal with the problems of resettlement. From its involvement in various involuntary resettlement projects, the World Bank concluded that the new communities of resettlers should be designed as a viable settlement system equipped with infrastructure and services and integrated in the regional socio-economic context. The host communities receiving the resettlers should be assisted to overcome possible adverse social and environmental effects from the increased population density. These concerns are valid for the South African situation, and the question is, whether this resettlement encapsulates the above. The goals of the research are twofold. To evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the resettlement project and its sustainability. In particular focussing on the constraints to the implementation of the land policy. Research questions include the following: How was the project carried out? Is the resettlement integrated into the socio-economic and development planning of the area? How viable and sustainable is the new settlement? What are the major problems and challenges facing this area and how can they be overcome?
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Jivakanont, Vacharakoon. "Risk, risk management and settlement efficiency in securities settlement and payment systems in Thailand : A simulation approach." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529947.
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Sawyer, Kristina M. 1985. "Settlement Preference and the Timing of Settlement of the Olympia Oyster, Ostrea lurida, in Coos Bay, Oregon." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11988.
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xiii, 86 p. : ill. (some col.)In the Pacific Northwest, populations of the Olympia oyster, Ostrea lurida, were once decimated by overharvesting and natural disasters. Their full recovery may now be limited by availability of hard substrata for larval settlement. I studied the timing of settlement and larval preferences for commonly available substrata, including conspecifics and the shells of Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, which are often provided in restoration efforts. Settlement occurred from August-December with a peak in October. I found no significant settlement differences between live and dead oysters or between shells of Olympia or Pacific oysters. There was significantly higher settlement on bottoms of horizontal substrata than on tops. In the laboratory, larvae showed no clear preferences among various hard substrata. This lack of settlement preference has positive implications for restoration projects, since Pacific oyster shell is much easier to obtain and seems to be no less beneficial than the shells of conspecifics.
Committee in charge: Dr. Craig M. Young, Chairperson; Dr. Richard B. Emlet, Member; Dr. Steven S. Rumrill, Member
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Davies, G. J. "Settlement, economy and lifestyle : the changing social identities of the coastal settlements of West Norfolk, 450-1100 AD." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12002/.
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The thesis explores social transformations in the settlement and economy of Anglo-Saxon England, between c.450 and 1100 AD, by using detailed case studies of rural settlement remains within a sub-region, coastal West Norfolk, to construct a systematic narrative of their development. The archaeological evidence for analysis is mainly composed of portable cultural material from rural settlements, combined with surveyed and excavated evidence of their morphology. Multiple and superimposed forms of evidence such as geophysical survey and fieldwalking survey are employed to analyse the diversity of rural settlements and the material expressions of social and economic change in this period and to challenge existing models. The key findings of this thesis are that surface-find sites discovered by metal detectorists, upon detailed investigation, show themselves to be complex rural settlements engaged in trade and exchange. Importantly, these sites also have the capacity to change over time. The findings of this thesis enables a re-characterisation of early medieval rural social identities as complex, dynamic and ever changing. It is argued that the employment of integrated survey methodologies in other sub-regions of Europe might achieve similar results.
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Frost, Ken, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Soldier settlement after world war one in south western Victoria." Deakin University. School of Social and International Studies, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051125.102701.
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This thesis addresses the physical aspects of farming on soldier settlement blocks in south west Victoria. The undeveloped land, high establishment costs, stock losses through animal diseases and lack of managerial skills all contributed to the settlers' inability to meet their financial commitments. These factors are analysed, as are the effects of declining rural commodities prices during the 1920s and 1930s.
In addition, the relationship between the settlers and the successive administrative agencies is examined. The scheme was administered by the Closer Settlement Board from its inception until 1932 and much of the discussion during this period concerns the interaction between settler and inspector. Soldier settlement after World War One represented one of the last attempts to create a large body of 'yeoman' farmers. From the early 1920s there was an increasing dichotomy between the 'yeoman' and the 'managerial' ideologies. This dichotomy placed additional pressure on soldier settlers who were expected to be 'efficient' without adequate finances.
In the post C.S.B. era, the focus shifts to the attempts by the Closer Settlement Commission to salvage the scheme and its greater understanding of the problems faced by the settlers. While this part of the thesis necessarily becomes more political, the physical and financial environment in which the soldier settlers worked was still an important factor in their success or failure. Unlike the C.S.B. which tended to blame soldier settlers for their situation, the Commission acknowledged that settlers' ability to succeed was often constrained by circumstances beyond their control. Under the latter administration, instalments were written off, additional land was allocated and finally the blocks were revalued to guarantee the men at least some equity in their farms. Those settlers who had survived until these changes were instituted received a 'successful outcome of their life's work'.
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Pagett, Helen Elizabeth. "Understanding the settlement of Balanus amphitrite through the molecular and structural characterisation of the settlement-inducing protein complex." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1416.
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Many barnacle species are gregarious and their cypris larvae display a remarkable ability to explore surfaces before committing to permanent attachment. The cuticular tissue of adult barnacles contains an α2-macroglobulin-like glycoprotein contact cue referred to as the settlement-inducing protein complex (SIPC) which increases the attractiveness of surfaces and signals cyprids to settle. Despite decades of research into marine fouling and the development of anti-fouling systems, detailed knowledge of the biochemical and structural composition of marine pheromone cues is poor. This cue is key to barnacle gregarious settlement and represents an attractive target for custom synthesis of antagonistic surfaces. Using the tropical acorn barnacle Balanus amphitrite, this project endeavoured to characterise the structure and glycan moiety of the SIPC. The SIPC active fraction was purified by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration and detected through SDSPAGE gel antibody immunoblotting. The carbohydrate structure was characterised using a combination of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HILIC-fluorescence) and exoglycosidase digestions. This provided evidence of predominantly oligomannose glycans with the occurrence of monofucosylated oligomannose glycans in lower proportions. The characterisation of high mannose glycosylation is supported by observations on the effect of mannose in solution increasing settlement in B. amphitrite cypris larvae. Protocols to create surface bound carbohydrate-functionalised polymers were successfully developed and confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ellipsometry and contact angle measurements. These surfaces were shown to act as SIPC mimics, cueing settlement on contact. The SIPC is known to contain seven potential N-glycosylation sites. Additional work using transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy has further enhanced understanding of the glycoprotein structure. Obtaining complete structural characterisation of the SIPC remains a goal that has the potential to inspire solutions to the age-old problem of barnacle fouling.
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Delaux, Sebastien Serge. "Physical and numerical modelling of particle settlement in a turbulent flow: implication for the settlement of algal propagules." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4430.
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A fundamental stage in rocky-shore seaweed life history is the recruitment process involving external fertilisation and then settlement of the
propagules on a suitable substrate. The ultimate step in this settlement
stage is the crossing of the viscous sub-layer and attachment to the substrate. Given the extreme conditions met in the intertidal zone, propagules can be dislodged at any time before they secure a strong enough anchoring.
Flow conditions and propagule properties are key to this process. The
settlement process under turbulent conditions was recreated within a
stirred benthic chamber for five different species. Whereas propagule
properties (size, density) vary with species, and propagules are adapted to
the different conditions in the intertidal, they exhibit the same
settlement behaviour. They nevertheless exhibit different settling
velocities and settlement thresholds. Several methods of characterisation
of the tank flow from particle tracking velocimetry and acoustic Doppler velocimetry data are reviewed, as well as an analytical model. Turbulent settling was found to be independent of the well-mixed tank bulk flow and to depend only on the boundary-layer mechanics. A model of settlement threshold is presented from which propagule mucilage adhesiveness estimates are derived, leading to good
correlations between adult plant exposure and the stickiness of its propagules and to the conclusion that settlement can only occur in calm conditions.
To extend the work, computational fluid dynamic techniques are developed by extending the Gerris Flow Solver. A 2-D approach to tank modelling and a pilot study of expansion to 3-D is described. This extends the perspective
given by the experiments, notably through output of the hydrodynamical
forces experienced by the propagules. Finally, in the view of realizing direct numerical simulations of propagule behaviour in the viscous sub-layer, a new and unique 2-D/3-D fully conservative solid/fluid interaction model is developed and tested with success.
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Weidmann, Nils Benedikt. "Critical configurations : settlement patterns and ethnic violence /." Zürich : ETH, 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18257.
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Raheja, Jagdish Lal. "Recognition of 3D settlement structure for generalization." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974167223.
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Casely, Andrew. "Medieval climate change and settlement in Iceland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26386.
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Two models are presented in the thesis. The first modelling approach used is to apply a three-dimensional ice sheet model (GLIMMER) to test the sensitivity of selected small glaciers to growth and disappearance. This feeds into an original mass-balance and vegetation cover model, built using meteorological data, that has been used to connect glacier mass balance with vegetation cover in the study regions on an annual and monthly timescale. This model has been used to evaluate spatial and temporal environmental responses to changes in temperature and precipitation of known magnitude, and to test the response to long timeseries of temperature data. At Skeiðsvatn, lacustrine evidence indicates the onset of Late Holocene glaciation around A.D. 650, and that glaciation of the catchment has continued uninterrupted to the present day. Consequently this constrains the warmth of the MWP, while terminal moraines constrain both Little Ice Age and earlier Neoglacial advances. The new modelling approach has provided key insights into the many different ways in which climate and environment interact over a varied topography, with consequently diverse effects upon settlement.
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Williams, M. D. "Rail surface geometry defects and track settlement /." Title page, table of contents and introduction only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENS/09ensw725.pdf.
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McCosker, Sarah. "Law and Diplomacy in International Dispute Settlement." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508381.
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Poller, Tessa. "Interpreting Iron Age settlement landscapes of Wigtownshire." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1377/.
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This thesis explores the process of archaeological interpretation by considering how we can interpret the Iron Age settlement in Wigtownshire, SW Scotland. Traditional images of Iron Age warfaring hierarchical societies have persisted through the use of well-established classifications, such as ‘fort’ or ‘roundhouse’ and by the uncritical acceptance of the definition and identification of ‘settlement’ in the archaeological record. Alternative interpretations of Iron Age settlement landscapes are possible by considering a variety of other observations, which traditional classifications ignore, such as the landscape context of specific monuments. This thesis presents a critical review of these alternative interpretations and other more traditional classifications used to define Iron Age settlement and illustrates how multiple narratives of the past can co-exist. This thesis emphasises the essential part classification plays in archaeological interpretation. Interpretation is a complex and ongoing process and it is important to be aware of the assumptions that we make and how these may affect further interpretations of the archaeological evidence. Common standardised classifications stress the importance of certain morphological characteristics over other observations and the interpretations of the archaeological evidence are therefore restricted. Traditional approaches neglect the importance of context, which is integral to the interpretation of the archaeology on many levels. Understudied, but archaeologically rich, Wigtownshire is an ideal case-study. Rather than limiting the discussion of archaeological features by only comparing them through traditional ‘typologies’, here experiential observations of the evidence – within their landscape context – offer an alternative approach by which the iron Age in Wigtownshire can be considered. A flexible process of classification is advocated – dependent upon the research questions that are addressed in particular studies. My approach to the re-evaluation of the Iron Age settlement in Wigtownshire is also influenced by a critique of the definition of the term ‘settlement’ in archaeology. The identification of ‘domestic’ practices in contrast to ‘ritualised’ ones in the Iron Age evidence is questioned and from a variety of perspectives the complex processes of settlement in the Iron Age are explored.
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Kerr, T. R. "Early Christian settlement in north west Ulster." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432593.
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Poussa, Patricia Mary. "Relativisation and settlement history in north Norfolk." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297513.
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