Relevant bibliographies by topics / Settlement Theory

Academic literature on the topic 'Settlement Theory'

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Published: 4 June 2021
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Journal articles on the topic "Settlement Theory"

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Lobo, Jose, Luis MA Bettencourt, Michael E. Smith, and Scott Ortman. "Settlement scaling theory: Bridging the study of ancient and contemporary urban systems." Urban Studies 57, no. 4 (October 17, 2019): 731–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019873796.

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A general explanatory framework for the social processes underpinning urbanisation should account for empirical regularities that are shared among contemporary urban systems and ancient settlement systems known throughout archaeology and history. The identification of such shared properties has been facilitated by research traditions in each field that define cities and settlements as areas that capture networks of social interaction embedded in space. Using Settlement Scaling Theory (SST) – a set of hypotheses and mathematical relationships that together generate predictions for how measurable quantitative attributes of settlements are related to their population size – we show that aggregate properties of ancient settlement systems and contemporary metropolitan systems scale up in similar ways across time, geography and culture. Settlement scaling theory thus provides a unified framework for understanding and predicting these regularities across time and space, and for identifying putative processes common to all human settlements.
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Naghibi, Farzaneh, Gordon A. Fenton, and D. V. Griffiths. "Probabilistic considerations for the design of deep foundations against excessive differential settlement." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 7 (July 2016): 1167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0194.

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Current foundation design practice for serviceability limit states involves proportioning the foundation to achieve an acceptably small probability that the foundation settlement exceeds some target maximum total settlement. However, it is usually differential settlement that leads to problems in the supported structure. The design question, then, is how should the target maximum total settlement of an individual foundation be selected so that differential settlement is not excessive? Evidently, if the target maximum total settlement is increased, the differential settlement between foundations will also tend to increase, so that there is a relationship between the two, although not necessarily a simple one. This paper investigates how the target maximum total settlement specified in the design of an individual foundation relates to the distribution of the differential settlement between two identical foundation elements, as a function of the ground statistics and the distance between the two foundations. A probabilistic theory is developed, and validated by simulation, which is used to prescribe target maximum settlements employed in the design process to avoid excessive differential settlements to some acceptable probability.
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Ortman, Scott G., José Lobo, and Michael E. Smith. "Cities: Complexity, theory and history." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): e0243621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243621.

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In recent decades researchers in a variety of disciplines have developed a new “urban science,” the central goal of which is to build general theory regarding the social processes underlying urbanization. Much work in urban science is animated by the notion that cities are complex systems. What does it mean to make this claim? Here we adopt the view that complex systems entail both variation and structure, and that their properties vary with system size and with respect to where and how they are measured. Given this, a general framework regarding the social processes behind urbanization needs to account for empirical regularities that are common to both contemporary cities and past settlements known through archaeology and history. Only by adopting an explicitly historical perspective can such fundamental structure be revealed. The identification of shared properties in past and present systems has been facilitated by research traditions that define cities (and settlements more broadly) as networks of social interaction embedded in physical space. Settlement Scaling Theory (SST) builds from these insights to generate predictions regarding how measurable properties of cities and settlements are related to their population size. Here, we focus on relationships between population and area across past settlement systems and present-day world cities. We show that both patterns and variations in these measures are explicable in terms of SST, and that the framework identifies baseline infrastructural area as an important system-level property of urban systems that warrants further study. We also show that predictive theory is helpful even in cases where the data do not conform to model predictions.
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Ortman, Scott G., and Grant D. Coffey. "SETTLEMENT SCALING IN MIDDLE-RANGE SOCIETIES." American Antiquity 82, no. 4 (September 14, 2017): 662–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2017.42.

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The contemporary relevance of archaeology would be greatly enhanced if archaeologists could develop theory that frames human societies of all scales in the same terms. We present evidence that an approach known as settlement scaling theory can contribute to such a framework. The theory proposes that a variety of aggregate socioeconomic properties of human networks emerge from individuals arranging themselves in space so as to balance the costs of movement with the benefits of social interactions. This balancing leads to settlements that concentrate human interactions and their products in space and time in an open-ended way. The parameters and processes embedded in settlement scaling models are very basic, and this suggests that scaling phenomena should be observable in the archaeological record of middle-range societies just as readily as they have been observed in contemporary first-world nations. In this paper, we show that quantitative scaling relationships observed for modern urban systems, and more recently for early civilizations, are also apparent in settlement data from the Central Mesa Verde and northern Middle Missouri regions of North America. These findings suggest that settlement scaling theory may help increase the practical relevance of archaeology for present-day concerns.
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Song, Zhanping, Xiaoxu Tian, and Yuwei Zhang. "A New Modified Peck Formula for Predicting the Surface Settlement Based on Stochastic Medium Theory." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (October 22, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7328190.

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Peck method and stochastic medium method are the two most commonly used methods to estimate surface settlement caused by tunnel excavation. However, the Peck method was not suitable for a shallow-buried tunnel, and the calculation process of the stochastic medium theory was complicated. To solve this problem, in this paper, a simple and accurate prediction approach for surface settlement was obtained by improving the Peck method based on the basic idea of stochastic medium theory. In detail, the over-excavation area of the tunnel was divided into n independent units, and the surface settlement caused by the collapse of each unit was calculated, respectively. Then, the total surface settlement can be obtained by superimposing surface settlement induced by each unit. Taking the shallow-buried section of Mulingguan tunnel entrance as a case, the surface settlement calculated by the modified Peck formula and original Peck formula was compared with the observed data, respectively. The comparison results indicated that the surface settlement calculated by the modified Peck formula is closer to the observed data than that calculated by the original Peck formula in the calculation process of surface settlement of shallow-buried tunnel. The table of recommendation for the number of units can be obtained by a discussion of reasonable n values. Finally, the difference between the original Peck formula and the modified Peck formula was analysed, and the results showed that the change rule of the surface settlement is consistent under the tunnel depth, internal friction angle, and ground loss of the tunnel. However, the calculation error of the surface settlements calculated by the original Peck formula is more significant than that calculated by modified Peck formula under the tunnel diameter ratio being less than 1.75. The modified Peck formula is more suitable for calculating the surface settlement under internal angle friction being less than 20° or greater than 40°. The research results expand the scope of application of the original Peck formula and enrich the calculation approach of surface settlement induced by underground excavation in tunnel construction.
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Szmytkie, Robert. "Application of graph theory to the morphological analysis of settlements." Quaestiones Geographicae 36, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/quageo-2017-0036.

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Abstract In the following paper, the analyses of morphology of settlements were conducted using graph methods. The intention of the author was to create a quantifiable and simple measure, which, in a quantitative way, would express the degree of development of a graph (the spatial pattern of settlement). When analysing examples of graphs assigned to a set of small towns and large villages, it was noticed that the graph development index should depend on: a relative number of edges in relation to the number of nodes (β index), the number of cycles (urban blocks), which evidences the complexity of the spatial pattern of settlement, and the average rank of nodes of a graph, which expresses the degree of complexity of a street network.
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Bi, Qing Tao, and Shu Yun Ding. "Neural Networks Model for Settlement Prediction of Embankment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 197 (September 2012): 722–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.197.722.

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Based on the theory of artificial neural networks and back propagation algorithm, a model for predicting the settlement of embankment was proposed. Neural networks was proceeded with Matlab program. Combining with the real settlement data of Jieyang highway, the model was trained again and again, and then the parameters of model was calibrated. Comparing the prediction value of model with the observational data based on field measurement, it shows that the accordance of the predicted settlements by the proposed model with the measured data is better. As a branch of nonlinear science, neural network theory has strong practical value and advantages in embankment settlement engineering analysis and prediction, because of its strong ability to learn and its high accuracy to approach any nonlinear function.
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Liaros, Steven. "Implementing a new human settlement theory." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 9, no. 3 (October 16, 2019): 258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-01-2019-0004.

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Purpose Whilst the energy transition from fossil fuels to renewables offers significant environmental benefits, the other transition – from a centralised to a distributed energy system – underpins a disruptive model for planning cities, towns and villages. A local energy micro-grid can power a local water micro-grid, which in turn can irrigate a local food system, offering a community the opportunity to harvest, store and distribute food, water and energy within their immediate catchment. A distributed network of regenerative villages, connected virtually and with shared electric vehicles is offered as an alternative vision for future cities. The paper aims to justify this as a preferred model for human settlements and develop an implementation process. Design/methodology/approach This paper asks: Is it inevitable that large cities will keep growing, while rural communities will continue to be deprived of resources and opportunities? Is the flow of people into cities inevitable? To answer this question, the adopted methodology is to take a systems approach, observing town planning processes from a range of different disciplines and perspectives. Findings By contrasting the current centralising city model with a distributed network of villages, this paper offers ten reasons why the distributed network is preferable to centralisation. Research limitations/implications It is argued that in this time of dramatic technological upheaval, environmental destruction and social inequality, business-as-usual is unacceptable in any field of human endeavour. This paper presents a sketch outlining a new human settlement theory, a different way of living on the land. It is an invitation to academics and practitioners to participate in a debate. Originality/value The information and energy revolutions, both distributed systems, are reshaping cities.
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Helms, Wesley S., and Christine Oliver. "Radical settlements to conflict: Conflict management and its implications for institutional change." Journal of Management & Organization 21, no. 4 (June 11, 2015): 471–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2015.12.

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AbstractThis paper theorizes that conflict management strategies influence radical settlements in institutional fields. Radical settlements are truces to conflict reached between field constituents that significantly change constituents’ relations and their institutional context. We develop theory on the concept of radical settlements by introducing a typology of conflict management strategies that predicts variance in the likelihood of a radical settlement in institutional fields. We ground this typology within a framework of two key antecedents – ideological salience and field polarization – proposed to influence conflict management strategies. Our paper provides new insights to the literature on conflict and institutional change by shedding new light on the counter-intuitive phenomenon of conflict settlement or cessation as a catalyst for change within institutional fields.
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Wu, Manni, Wenjun Zheng, and Zonglin Liu. "Construction of Landscape Fire Security Patterns for Minority Settlements: a case study of reconstruction plan of Xiaozhai village in Guangxi." E3S Web of Conferences 194 (2020): 05035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019405035.

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Minority settlements have good local landscape features and rich cultural heritage. However, due to complex geographical conditions and lagging economic development, there are many potential security threats in their human settlements. Based on the landscape ecological security pattern theory, aiming at eliminating the practical dilemma of frequent fires and difficult rescue in mountainous settlements in southwestern China, this paper proposes a planning idea to improve the settlement environment’s own disaster resilience and ecological endurance ability through the adjustment of landscape pattern. Taking the reconstruction planning and design of Xiaozhai Village in Longji of Guangxi province as an example, based on the geographical structure and resource characteristics of the village, a four-in-one landscape fire security pattern for mountain settlement is constructed, including building group, road evacuation system, natural fire protection network of water system and biological fire protection forest belt. The study provides a reference for the protection, renewal and re-planning of minority settlement.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Settlement Theory"

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Walton, Nina. "Applications of game theory corporate governance, private school admissions and settlement negotiations /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1680034811&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Moreland, John Francis. "Archaeology, history and theory : settlement and social relations in Central Italy A.D. 700-1000." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1988. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5977/.

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The first two chapters of this thesis trace the development of historical and archaeological thought in an attempt to arrive at an understanding of the reasons behind the present polarization of the two disciplines. It is concluded that this polarization is the result of the stress placed on a series of oppositions -structure/agency, society/individual, synchrony/diachrony, past/present. It is argued that a rapprochement between History and Archaeology Is essential, especially for those who study the early med e.val period where both have some relevance, and that this rapprochement is only possible through an adequate theorisation of the recursive links which connect each of the oppositions. This theorisation is the subject of chapters 3 and 4. The essential elements of the theoretical perspective produced are that all the traces of the past should be seen as material culture produced by agents working in and through societal structures. The link between the past and the present is also stressed, and the past is seen as a resource drawn upon in the creation and negotiation of social relations. I use this theoretical perspective in a re-examination of the nature of settlement patterns and social structures in early medieval central Italy. I suggest that the archaeological evidence used to support the notion of massive depopulation at the end of the Roman empire, refers more to the dominance of the feudal mode of production. This is not to argue that population did not decline. It did, and much of this thesis is concerned with attempting to isolate the mechanisms through which elites tried to exercise control over people. These included increased management of production through the use of the written text and the development of administrative sites. These efforts culminated in the tenth century with the "incastellation" of much of the rural population.
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Lange, Jérôme. "Population growth, the settlement process and economic progress : Adam Smith's theory of demo-economic development." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E039/document.

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La population - en son sens originel de processus de peuplement - est un sujet étonnamment absent de l'énorme volume d’études sur Adam Smith. Ce thème était au centre de la philosophie morale et de l'économie politique du 18e siècle, les deux domaines auxquels les contributions de Smith sont les plus connues. Son importance dans l’œuvre de Smith a été obscurcie au 20e siècle par une focalisation étroite sur les questions économiques dans la littérature secondaire. Pour une analyse intégrale de son œuvre, il est essentiel que la place centrale du peuplement soit révélée. Trois thèmes aujourd'hui considérés comme essentiels au projet de Smith sont ainsi intimement liés à la population : le lien entre division du travail et étendue du marché ; la théorie des quatre stades du progrès de la société ; et le lien entre développement rural et urbain, lui-même au centre du plaidoyer de Smith pour la liberté du commerce. Le marché est un concept aujourd'hui assimilé au fonctionnement du système économique capitaliste ; pour Smith, il décrivait la faculté de commercer, aux vecteurs essentiellement démographiques et géographiques. Le progrès de la société est à la fois cause et effet de la croissance de la population. En son sein se trouve l'interrelation symbiotique entre le développement rural et urbain que Smith appelait le «progrès naturel de l'opulence». Adopter l’optique smithienne plutôt que néo-malthusienne dans l'examen des dynamiques de population et de développement - y compris l'analyse de la transition démographique - conduit alors à une reconsidération fondamentale des interactions causales entre mortalité, fécondité, richesse et variables institutionnelles
Population - in its original sense of the process of peopling - is a topic surprisingly absent from the huge volume of scholarship on Adam Smith. This topic was central to 18th century moral philosophy and political economy, the two fields Smith most famously contributed to. Its importance in Smith’s work was obscured in the 20th century by a narrow focus on economic matters in the secondary literature. For an undivided analysis of Smith’s oeuvre it is crucial that the central position of the peopling process be brought to light. Three topics that are today recognised as essential to Smith’s project are thus intimately connected to population: the relation between the division of labour and the extent of the market; the stadial theory of progress; and the link between the development of town and country, itself central to Smith’s advocacy of the freedom of trade. The market is a concept read today through an institutional lens linking it to the functioning of the capitalist economic system; Smith conceived of it as facility for trade, with essentially demographic and geographic vectors. The progress of society is both cause and effect of the growth of population. At its core is the symbiotic interrelationship between rural and urban development that Smith called the “natural progress of opulence”. In turn, looking at dynamics of population and development - including the analysis of the demographic transition - through a Smithian rather than a neo-Malthusian lens leads to a fundamental reconsideration of causal interactions between mortality, fertility, wealth and institutional variables
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Peters, Charnell. "Exploring the Communicative Identity Construction of Descendants of Roberts Settlement." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522966410747939.

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Copland, Gordon Arthur, and gordon copland@flinders edu au. "A House for the Governor:Settlement Theory, the South Australian Experiment, and the Search for the First Government House." Flinders University. Education,Theology, Law, Humanities, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20061010.104925.

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This thesis considers the human spatial occupational behaviour generically called 'settlement'. Within this process a diagnostic index of settlement is created to assist in analysing, defining, and exploring the parameters of 'Settlement Theory'. There is particular reference to Edward Gibbon Wakefield's Theory of Systematic Colonisation in South Australia, as it is one of the few Settlement Theories actually put into practice. Two case studies are examined to develop a transitional argument that connects theory to material outcome. Firstly, considering the macro implications of theory and material culture by comparing the implementation of Wakefield's theory (The South Australian Experiment) and the site, design, and Government Domain of the Capital (Adelaide). Secondly, by considering the micro effect of the theory on material culture in the form of the Governor's residence between 1836 and 1856, including search for the first Government House (Government Hut), to test the connection at this level.
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El-Dorghamy, Ahmed. "Children's potential mobility and appropriation of ‎transport options in an ‎informal settlement." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19549.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die tatsächliche und potenzielle Mobilität von Kindern aus einer ‎informellen Siedlungsstruktur in einer Megacity des globalen Südens am Fall Ezbet El-Hagganas im ‎Großraum Kairos; die Entwicklung von Mobilitätsgewohnheiten in der Kindheitsphase ‎und bezieht sich dabei nicht nur auf Kinder als Nutzer, sondern berücksichtigt zudem deren ‎unmittelbares soziales Umfeld und den gesamtgesellschaftlichen Kontext. Der theoretische Rahmen für die ‎Untersuchung der Mobilität von Kindern basiert auf Icek Ajzens Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens ‎sowie auf Vincent Kaufmanns Konzeptualisierung des Motilitätsbegriffes. Primärdaten wurden in ‎einer Feldstudie und in Fokusgruppen erhoben. Die Ergebnisse deuteten auf eine hohe Prävalenz der ‎unabhängigen Mobilität von Kindern (child independent mobility, CIM) auf deren am häufigsten zu ‎bewältigenden Strecke (zur Schule) hin, zunächst durch nicht motorisierte Formen der ‎Verkehrsteilnahme, aber weitgehend auch mit Hilfe von verschiedenen formellen wie informellen ‎Nahverkehrsmitteln. Es wurden sozio-kulturelle und sozialpsychologische Einflussfaktoren seitens ‎sowohl Kindern als auch ihren Eltern identifiziert, die die Verkehrsteilnahme von Kindern hemmen ‎oder befördern können. Gleichermaßen wurden hemmende ‎Faktoren untersucht. Die Akzeptanz des Radfahrens von Kindern wurde als Fallbeispiel für ‎unerschlossenes Mobilitätspotenzial untersucht und deutet auf die Prävalenz sozialpsychologischer ‎Faktoren hin, die Entscheidungsfaktoren rationaler und praktischer Natur entgegenstehen und die die ‎Verkehrsmittelnutzung von Kindern mindern; hier benannt als Nutzungslücke (appropriation gap). Die ‎Ergebnisse wurden schließlich in Zusammenhang mit dem Konzept der Verkehrsteilnahme gestellt ‎und erlauben die Diskussion von Implikationen für die politische Ebene und für den Diskurs von ‎Mobilität in benachteiligten Gruppen der Gesellschaft.
This study investigates the nature of children's actual and potential mobility in a case study of an ‎‎informal settlement in a megacity of a developing country; namely Ezbet El-Haggana in Greater Cairo ‎and explores the nature of the childhood ‎phase of developing mobility practices and habits, not only ‎as enabled by children themselves as ‎commuters, but also as enabled by parents and the surrounding ‎community and society. A theoretical framework was constructed through which ‎children's mobility is ‎investigated. It is based on Icek Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior and Vincent ‎Kaufmann's ‎conceptualization of Motility. The data was primarily collected through a field survey and ‎focus groups. ‎Results indicated high prevalence of child independent mobility (CIM) in the most ‎frequent trip (to ‎school), not only through active transport but also largely through different formal ‎and informal ‎transport services available. There are socio-cultural and socio-psychological factors ‎among both the ‎parents and the children that constitute the appropriation of mobility options that ‎cater to children, ‎either enabling or inhibiting their mobility. Through the experiences of children's ‎mobility, the acquired ‎skills and adaptive attitudes by both children and parents enhance children's ‎potential mobility ‎compared to children in wealthier communities that may be granted less mobility ‎rights or have less ‎competences among other factors. Inhibiting factors were also ‎investigated; the specific case of ‎acceptance of cycling for children. This exemplified prevalence of socio-psychological factors that ‎overshadow ‎practical and rational aspects of choice; it is articulated here as an appropriation gap. ‎Results were ‎finally associated with the conceptualization of appropriation to discuss implications for ‎policy and for ‎the discourses of mobility in disadvantaged communities.‎
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Owens, Christopher Allen. "The Tangled Paths to Safety: A Comparison of the Migration and Settlement Experiences of Refugees and Voluntary Migrants." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366550897.

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Hall, Jonathan. "Migration and Perceptions of War : Simultaneous Surveys in Countries of Origin and Settlement." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-198766.

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This dissertation contributes to post-war public opinion research by examining the perceptions of migrants – the gastarbeiter, the refugee, the family reunited after war – and the local population in comparative perspective. Existing surveys of post-war populations are typically conducted in a single country affected by war. However, particularly following forced expulsion and campaigns of ethnic cleansing substantial portions of national communities affected by conflict no longer live within the boundaries of the state. Current research may therefore overlook important populations as well as contextual factors that shape post-war attitudes. I help to address this problem by examining three widely held assumptions in the literature: that migrants hold more conflictive attitudes than the local population after war; that assimilation in settlement countries leads migrants to hold more peaceful attitudes; and that traumatic experiences lead migrants to hold more conflictive attitudes. These claims are largely based on theoretical accounts, case studies that suffer from selection bias and quantitative results that have proven unstable. By contrast, I examine new micro-level data: two large-scale surveys conducted simultaneously in post-war Bosnia and Sweden as a settlement country. Sweden’s choice to grant permanent residency in toto to refugees from the Bosnian War in 1993 resulted in the vast majority remaining settled in Sweden. As a result, the population of ex-Yugoslavs in Sweden is arguably more representative than in other comparable settlement country contexts. To explain differences among ex-Yugoslavs in Sweden and between these migrants and the local population in Bosnia, I connect social-psychological processes that help meet individuals’ basic psychological needs. These include: belief formation in the context of war; acculturation strategies in settlement countries; the development of nostalgic memories; and coping with traumatic experiences. The findings shed light on largely misunderstood processes. Under certain conditions, migration may provide an exit from detrimental wartime and post-war settings that produce and sustain conflictive societal beliefs after war. At the same time, the migration context may provide a richer set of socioeconomic and psychological resources for coping, offsetting the need to rely on conflictive beliefs as a way of dealing with the conflict crisis.
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Naylor, Benjamin Walden. "Reassembling the Iberians : rain, road, coins, crops and settlement in central Hispania Citerior, 206-27 B.C." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11347.

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This thesis investigates Iberian communities in central Hispania Citerior during the Roman Republic. I demonstrate the usefulness of an actor-network approach for understanding a topic characterised by scarce archaeological datasets. This approach is not intended to create a new narrative for Roman Provincial Studies but instead allows us to ask new questions: what was at stake for these communities? What was of interest to the Iberians? How did things happen? Iberians lived primarily in small, often fortified settlements in elevated locations, although some larger settlements are known and during the Republic many sites were abandoned for new locations on flatter ground. I find that throughout the period settlements were often clustered, creating communities distributed in small groups of sites. These Iberian groups grew versatile staple crops in a variety of locations but may have tailored additional crops to regional environmental conditions. I consider the potential for collaboration in the autumn ploughing and conclude that any such collaboration must have relied on dense and wide relationships given changing patterns of variability in rainfall. I show differences within coin circulation that suggest Iberian coins were part of distinct sets of relationships. I also test the ability of carts to pass over various long-distances routes and find that some coins were bound up in the same assemblages as cart transport. The thesis positions the interface between all these different assemblages as crucial to further work on these communities.
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Yorukan, Gunes. "A Study On Celtic/galatian Impacts On The Settlement Pattern In Anatolia Before The Roman Era." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610539/index.pdf.

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Anatolia has been the cradle of many different cultures throughout history. One of these was the Celts who migrated from Europe to Anatolia in the 3rd century BC and had various impacts on the settlement pattern of the region called Galatia after their arrival. Therefore in Anatolia urbanization history we know them as Galatians. The main statement of this thesis is that, cultural identity is not a static, inherent quality, but a dynamic and contigent aspect of the existence of people. Therefore cultural identity should be regarded as a pattern continuum. In thisd study, in order to predict the Galatian settlement pattern until thr Roman dominance in the late 1st century BC in Anatolia, European Celtic settlement pattern has been reviewed as well as archaeolgical evidence and the Celtic language. The Hallstatt and the following La Tene periods in European history have been investigated since La Tene period is isochronic with Galatians in Anatolia. From the archaeological evidence in Europe, it is clear that the Celts established defended settlements, mastered the art of iron working and mining, and traded with the classical world. In previous literature, Anatolia Celts/Galatians have been regarded as nomads who were involved mostly in warfare. However, the location of their forts and village-like settlements along the ancient trade routes implies that they were settled people who were engaged in production and trading activities as well, similar to La Tene in Europe. Settlement types and their distribution pattern, linguistic and archaeological evidence investigated in this thesis verify that Celtic cultural identity in the history of Europe and Anatolia should be regarded as a pattern continuum.
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Books on the topic "Settlement Theory"

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Settlement Calculation on High-Rise Buildings: Theory and Application. Berlin, Heidelberg: Science Press,Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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Guha, Amalendu. Conflict and peace: Theory and practice. Oslo: Institute for Alternative Development Research, 1985.

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Fetherston, A. B. Toward a theory of United Nations peacekeeping. Bradford: Dept. of Peace Studies, University of Peace Studies, 1993.

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F, Mott N. The theory of atomic collisions. 3rd ed. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Clarendon Press, 1987.

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The management of protracted social conflict: Theory and cases. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Dartmouth, 1990.

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Afrane, Sam. Altruism, planning theory and human settlement devlopment [i.e. development] in the Third World. Vancouver: University of British Columbia, School of Community and Regional Planning, 1991.

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W, Burton John. Conflict: Practices in management, settlement, and resolution. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1990.

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W, Burton John. Conflict: Practices in management, settlement, and resolution. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990.

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Fischer, Anders. Stenalderbopladser i Smålandsfarvandet: En teori afprøvet ved dykkerbesigtigelse = Stone age settlements in the Småland Bight : a theory tested by diving. København: Miljøministeriet, Skov- og naturstyrelsen, 1993.

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Fetherston, A. B. Towards a theory of United Nations peacekeeping. London: Macmillan, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Settlement Theory"

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Hirshleifer, Jack. "Conflict and Settlement." In Game Theory, 86–94. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20181-5_6.

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Fitzi, Matthias, Peter Gaži, Aggelos Kiayias, and Alexander Russell. "Ledger Combiners for Fast Settlement." In Theory of Cryptography, 322–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64375-1_12.

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Alekseeva, Ekaterina, Sana Ghariani, and Nicolas Wolters. "Securities and Cash Settlement Framework." In Mathematical Optimization Theory and Operations Research, 391–405. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49988-4_27.

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Kahn, Jennifer G. "Settlement patterns and networks." In Theory in the Pacific, the Pacific in TheoryArchaeological perspectives, 234–57. Names: Thomas, Tim, 1971– editor. Title: Theory in the Pacific, the Pacific in theory : archaeological perspectives / edited by Tim Thomas. Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203730973-11.

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Bowen, William M., and Robert E. Gleeson. "Theory of Mind in Settlement System Evolution." In The Evolution of Human Settlements, 181–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95034-1_8.

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Bloomfield, David. "Complementarity in Conflict Management Theory: Resolution and Settlement Approaches7." In Peacemaking Strategies in Northern Ireland, 67–95. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230379558_5.

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Tang, Congrong, Xin Xu, and Haiyan Ding. "Research on Settlement Deformation of Asphalt Pavement Structure in Soft Soil Zone Based on Pavement Settlement Theory." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 137–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24274-9_12.

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Broude, Tomer. "International Judicial Bodies as Sources of Normativity: The WTO Dispute Settlement System in Comparative Context." In Governance and International Legal Theory, 237–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-6192-5_9.

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Trafford, Simon. "Ethnicity, Migration Theory, and the Historiography of the Scandinavian Settlement of England." In Cultures in Contact, 17–39. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.sem-eb.3.1259.

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Janeba, Eckhard. "Investor State Dispute Settlement and Host Country Regulation: Insights from Economic Theory." In Handbook of International Investment Law and Policy, 1–16. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5744-2_119-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Settlement Theory"

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Feng, Zhen. "Ground settlement reliability analysis based on the interval theory." In 2011 International Conference on Electric Technology and Civil Engineering (ICETCE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetce.2011.5776225.

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Du, Jian, Nanguo Jin, and Xianyu Jin. "Application of Longitudinal Vibration Theory in Manhole Settlement Study." In International Conference on Pipelines and Trenchless Technology (ICPTT) 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41073(361)98.

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Krupochkin, E., D. Vorobiev, and S. Sukhanov. "Spatio-temporal aspects of the study of archaeological monuments of the Yustyt archaeological microdistrict: theory, methodology, results." In Historical research in the context of data science: Information resources, analytical methods and digital technologies. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1822.978-5-317-06529-4/285-291.

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The technology of geoinformational mapping and geoarchaeological analysis of archaeological monuments is proposed, which makes it possible to analyze the distribution of data on the settlement of the population of the archaeological microdistrict Yustyt. A new program for calculating spatial correlation has been developed and tested. Integral GIS models have been built that reflect the patterns of population settlement
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Haiying Hu and Zhao Wang. "High-fill embankment settlement estimation based on the theory of unsaturated soils." In 2011 International Conference on Multimedia Technology (ICMT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmt.2011.6003140.

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Yan, Minghui, Kaisheng Lin, Xuejin Wang, Ruichen Wang, Weijie Li, Liming Ying, and Xue Cui. "Settlement Data Risk Identification and Processing of Power Market Based on Evidence Theory." In 2019 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Manufacturing (AIAM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aiam48774.2019.00007.

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Qin, Peng, Zhihai Qin, Yinghua Wang, and Rijun Zhang. "Consolidation Coefficient Inversion and Prediction of Seawall Foundation Settlement Based on Fractal Theory." In 2009 International Conference on Information Engineering and Computer Science. ICIECS 2009. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciecs.2009.5365772.

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Zhang, Xianfeng, and Yongquan Li. "Research on Numerical Analysis of Foundation Settlement Based on Fluid-Solid Coupling Theory." In The 6th International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE2015) and The 4th International Conference on Materials Science and Manufacturing (ICMSM2015). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813100312_0077.

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Wang, Changhong. "Application of Bayesian-Spatial Random Field Theory in Ground Surface Settlement Control of Shield Tunneling." In Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Geotechnical Safety and Risk (ISGSR 2019). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-2725-0-is15-9-cd.

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Lei, Dongxue, and Andong Lu. "A Study of Chinese Traditional Wetland Island Settlement Combining Morphological and Narrative Analyses." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5895.

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A Study of Chinese Traditional Wetland Island Settlement Combining Morphological and Narrative Analyses Dongxue Lei¹, Andong Lu² School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing UniversityHankou Road 22#, Gulou District, Nanjing, ChinaE-mail: dxlei@outlook.com, andonglu@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): wetland island settlement, morphology, townscape, cognitive map Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology The Lixiahe region, a low-lying wetland located to the eastern side of the Huaiyang section of the Grand Canal, is characterized by a complex hydrological environment and has changed slowly in the urbanization process. The historical town of Shagou, a representative case of island settlements in this region, has a recorded history of continuous morphological change over six hundred years. Regarding Shagou as a cultural-geographical entity, this article aims at combining morphological analysis and narrative-based cognitive mapping to revel the characteristic townscape that strongly depends on cultural-geographic complexity. Based on survey work, this article will first define distinguishable plan elements that underpins the spatial form of Shagou: 1) natural context; 2) streets system; 3) plots system, and then investigate diachronically different phases of the formation of its spatial structure. On the other hand, based on archiving and data analysis of the oral history study, this article will generate a narrative cognitive map, in terms of paths, nodes, landmarks and areas. In conjunction with fieldwork and documentary record, this study testifies that the method derived from the plan analysis developed by Conzon is applicable to the study of wetland island settlement form in China and that narrative spatial analysis provides important supplemental spatial information. A careful combination of these methods might be used for understanding culturally embedded settlement forms in China. References (100 words) Conzen, M. R. G. (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-plan Analysis (London, George Philip). Herman, D. (ed.) (2003) Narrative theory and the cognitive sciences (Center for the Study of Language and Information Publication). Whitehand, J. W. R. and Gu, K. (2007) ‘Extending the compass of plan analysis: a Chinese exploration’, Urban Morphology, 11(2), 91-109. Whitehand, J. W. R. and Gu, K. (2007) ‘Urban conservation in China: Historical development, current practice and morphological approach’, The Town Planning Review, 78(5), 643-670.
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Liang, Zhang, and Wang Ning. "Consideration and review of the stochastic medium theory for predicting the settlement of the surface ground." In 2011 International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cecnet.2011.5769385.

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Reports on the topic "Settlement Theory"

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Schalcher, Hans-Rudolf. Thematic synthesis “Buildings and Settlements” of the NRP “Energy”. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_nrp70_nrp71.2019.3.en.

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Around 40 percent of the energy consumed in Switzerland can be attributed to the construction and running of the country’s building stock. Buildings and settlements will thus play a prominent role in the transformation of our energy system. Numerous steps for the future have already been initiated – but there still remains a great deal to do.
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Tolani, Foyeke, Betty Ojeni, Johnson Mubatsi, Jamae Fontain Morris, and M. D'Amico. Evaluating Two Novel Handwashing Hardware and Software Solutions in Kyaka II Refugee Settlement, Uganda. Oxfam, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6898.

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The Promotion and Practice Handwashing Kit (PPHWK), a robust, user-friendly handwashing station, and Mum’s Magic Hands (MMH), a creative hygiene promotion strategy, were evaluated in a clustered randomized controlled trial in Kyaka II refugee settlement in Uganda. The trial evaluated whether their provision increased handwashing with soap practice among residents, with a focus on three community intervention arms and two school-based intervention arms. The findings outlined in this report suggest that exposure to both the PPHWK and MMH increased hygiene knowledge and handwashing behaviour with soap, and improved health outcomes. Intervention households also preferred the PPHWK over existing handwashing stations, typically a basic bucket with a tap.
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Behnood, Ali, and Jan Olek. Development of Subgrade Stabilization and Slab Undersealing Solutions for PCC Pavements Restoration and Repairs. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317128.

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The loss of functionality and the development of distress in concrete pavements is often attributable to the poor subbase and subgrade conditions and/or loss of support due to the development of the voids underneath the slab. Subgrade soil stabilization can be used as an effective approach to restore the functionality of the subgrades in patching projects. This research had two main objectives: (1) identifying the best practices for soil stabilization of the existing subgrade during pavement patching operations and (2) identifying and developing new, modified grouting materials for slab stabilization and undersealing. Various stabilization scenarios were tested and showed improved performance of the subgrade layer. The use of geotextile along with aggregate course was found to significantly reduce the settlement. Non-removable flowable fill was also found to significantly reduce the subgrade settlement. Cement-treated aggregate and lean concrete provided the best performance, as they prevented formation of any noticeable settlement in the underlying subgrade.
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Chinsinga, Blessings, and Mirriam Matita. The Political Economy of the Groundnut Value Chain in Malawi: Its Re-Emergence Amidst Policy Chaos, Strategic Neglect, and Opportunism. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.010.

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This paper explores the political economy of the groundnut value chain in Malawi. The paper uses a combination of insights from the theoretical perspectives of political settlement, rents and policymaking to examine this value chain. Fused together, these theoretical perspectives underpin a political economy analysis framework, which entails systematically mapping all key actors in an issue area; identifying their interests and recognising their forms of power (political, economic, social, and ideological); understanding their relationships with each other; and appreciating the issues, narratives, and ideas that shape how and why they interact with each other.
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Hall, Mark, and Neil Price. Medieval Scotland: A Future for its Past. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.165.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings. Underpinning all five areas is the recognition that human narratives remain crucial for ensuring the widest access to our shared past. There is no wish to see political and economic narratives abandoned but the need is recognised for there to be an expansion to more social narratives to fully explore the potential of the diverse evidence base. The questions that can be asked are here framed in a national context but they need to be supported and improved a) by the development of regional research frameworks, and b) by an enhanced study of Scotland’s international context through time. 1. From North Britain to the Idea of Scotland: Understanding why, where and how ‘Scotland’ emerges provides a focal point of research. Investigating state formation requires work from Medieval Scotland: a future for its past ii a variety of sources, exploring the relationships between centres of consumption - royal, ecclesiastical and urban - and their hinterlands. Working from site-specific work to regional analysis, researchers can explore how what would become ‘Scotland’ came to be, and whence sprang its inspiration. 2. Lifestyles and Living Spaces: Holistic approaches to exploring medieval settlement should be promoted, combining landscape studies with artefactual, environmental, and documentary work. Understanding the role of individual sites within wider local, regional and national settlement systems should be promoted, and chronological frameworks developed to chart the changing nature of Medieval settlement. 3. Mentalities: The holistic understanding of medieval belief (particularly, but not exclusively, in its early medieval or early historic phase) needs to broaden its contextual understanding with reference to prehistoric or inherited belief systems and frames of reference. Collaborative approaches should draw on international parallels and analogues in pursuit of defining and contrasting local or regional belief systems through integrated studies of portable material culture, monumentality and landscape. 4. Empowerment: Revisiting museum collections and renewing the study of newly retrieved artefacts is vital to a broader understanding of the dynamics of writing within society. Text needs to be seen less as a metaphor and more as a technological and social innovation in material culture which will help the understanding of it as an experienced, imaginatively rich reality of life. In archaeological terms, the study of the relatively neglected cultural areas of sensory perception, memory, learning and play needs to be promoted to enrich the understanding of past social behaviours. 5. Parameters: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches should be encouraged in order to release the research potential of all sectors of archaeology. Creative solutions should be sought to the challenges of transmitting the importance of archaeological work and conserving the resource for current and future research.
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Allen, John, and Caroline Muturi. A Transition For All: Equity and community engagement in the transition of water supply management to utilities in refugee settlements in Uganda. Oxfam, UNHCR, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.7291.

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Water supply schemes in refugee settlements in Uganda are being transitioned from management by humanitarian actors to management by national and regional utilities in an effort to improve their long-term sustainability. Research with refugee and host communities has demonstrated the need to strengthen the transition process. The transition in its current form could risk increasing inequality and pushing water services out of reach for an already vulnerable population. This summary report examines how WASH agencies and stakeholders playing a supporting role in the utility transition can make the transition more equitable, participatory and effective. The full report is available on the Oxfam WASH website: https://www.oxfamwash.org/.
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age.  Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v  Landscapes and regions:  Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change?  Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial.  Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth.  Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs.  Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully.  Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people.  The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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Ayala-García, Jhorland, and Sandy Dall’Erba. The impact of preemptive investment on natural disasters. Banco de la República, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/dtseru.301.

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Extreme rainfall events are expected to become more frequent and more intense in the future. Because their mitigation is a challenge and their cost to human life is large, this paper studies the impact of preemptive investment against natural disasters on the future occurrence of landslides and the losses associated with it. Based on a panel of 746 Colombian municipalities with medium and high risk of landslides and an instrumental variable approach, we find that preemptive public investment can reduce the number of landslides, the number of people who die, are injured, or disappear after a landslide, as well as the number of people affected. However, we do not find any effect on the number of houses destroyed. The results reveal that local governments focus their preventive measures on saving the lives and the physical integrity of their citizens, but they pay less attention to the direct market losses of natural disasters. These results are relevant in the presence of imperfect private insurance markets and increased informal settlements.
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Amaza, Paul, Sunday Mailumo, and Asenath Silong. The Political Economy of the Maize Value Chain in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.015.

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The aim of this case study is to understand the underlying political economy dynamics of the maize value chain in Nigeria, with a focus on how this can contribute to comprehending the drivers and constraints of agricultural commercialisation. The study is informed by theories of political settlements, rents, and policy processes. It asks questions around (1) the key actors and interests: who participates and how do they benefit? (2) Rules and policies: who makes the rules, and who wins and loses? And (3), what are the implications across different social groups?
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Carter, Becky. Strengthening Gender Equality in Decision-making in Somaliland. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.078.

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This rapid review searched for literature on how and why women continue to struggle in Somaliland to achieve formal political representation and to take on informal decision-making roles on local peace and political matters, from community to national levels. Women’s participation in peacebuilding and political decision-making in Somaliland is very limited. A key barrier is the clan system underpinning Somaliland’s political settlement. Entrenched and politicised, patriarchal clans exclude women (and other minority groups) from formal and customary leadership and decision-making roles. Other contributing factors are conservative religious attitudes and traditional gender norms. Structural inequalities – such as low levels of education, lack of funds, and high levels of violence towards women and girls – impede women’s participation. Some women are more disempowered than others, such as women from minority clans and internally displaced women. However, there is increasing disillusionment with clan politicisation and a growing recognition of women’s value. There are opportunities for framing gender equality in local cultural and religious terms and supporting grassroots activism.
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