Relevant bibliographies by topics / Settlement

Academic literature on the topic 'Settlement'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Settlement"

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Raiffa, Howard. "Post-Settlement Settlements." Negotiation Journal 1, no. 1 (January 1985): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1571-9979.1985.tb00286.x.

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Du Toit, P. van der P. (Pierre). "Why Post-Settlement Settlements?" Journal of Democracy 14, no. 3 (2003): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jod.2003.0065.

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Krool’, Volodymyr, and Olexandr Hadel’shyn. "Spatial features of settlement network within physical­geographical regions of the Prut upper basin." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 48 (December 23, 2014): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2014.48.1348.

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The territorial characteristics of settlement network per quantitative and settlement indicators within 35 physical and geographical areas of the upper basin of the Prut were analyzed: the number of settlements, settlement density and coefficient of uniformity of placing settlements. The regions of the insufficient development of the network of settlements and areas with their excessive were allocated. Key words: settlement network, physical, geographical area, settlement, settlement density.
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Dnistryanska, N. "Problems of conceptual terminological definition of urban type settlements as separate class of urban settlement." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 36 (May 15, 2009): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2009.36.2980.

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Some approaches of conceptual terminological definition and juridical identification of urban type settlements have been analysed. Criteria for distinguishing of urban type settlements as a separate class of urban settlement have been argued. Key words: urban type settlements, small town, settlement, settlement system, administrative status of the settlement.
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Zhang, Yiyi, Yangbing Li, Guangjie Luo, Xiaoyong Bai, Juan Huang, Fang Tang, and Meng Yu. "Analysis of the Land Use Dynamics of Different Rural Settlement Types in the Karst Trough Valleys of Southwest China." Land 11, no. 9 (September 14, 2022): 1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11091572.

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Rural settlements are the basic spatial units of rural geography research, and it is essential to explore the dynamic changes in land use on a rural settlement scale to promote the development of the rural revitalization strategy. The study took different rural settlement types in karst trough valleys as examples and applied geographic information mapping trajectory models, buffer zone spatial analysis, the nearest neighbor index, and other research methods. We explored the land use dynamic change in the buffer zone of different settlement types in the karst trough valley from 1964 to 2021 in the long time series and micro-spatial dimensions. We analyzed the homogeneity, variability, and coupling characteristics of land use evolution in typical settlements. The results indicate the following: (1) From 1964 to 2021, the karst trough valley settlements as a whole showed an aggregation state, and the settlements could be classified into four categories: expanding settlements (ES), atrophic settlements (AS), balancing rural settlements (BS), and decreasing settlements (DS) according to the settlement life cycle theory and settlement development index measurement. (2) Different expansion and shrinkage of land use buffer changes exist for different settlement types. The closer the ES is to the location of the settlement center, the richer the land use type; the further the AS from the settlement center, the richer the land use type; the BS is not affected by the distance; and the DS settlement shows dynamic changes. (3) Land use dynamic change in settlements is driven by multiple integrated factors, and there is variability in the driving factors of different settlement types. (4) In this paper, through a case study, we propose the research idea that land use change (LUCC) reflects land use transformation (LUT) in different rural settlement types from a settlement-scale perspective, and land use transformation further causes the development of rural settlement transformation (RUT). Our study revealed the LUCC—LUT—RUT interaction feedback mechanism of karst trough valley settlements in Southwest China. This study aims to enrich the theoretical research framework of rural transformation at the settlement scale, on the one hand, and to provide case studies for developing countries with karstic mountain valley landscapes, such as China, on the other.
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Van Den Hoek, Jamon, and Hannah K. Friedrich. "Satellite-Based Human Settlement Datasets Inadequately Detect Refugee Settlements: A Critical Assessment at Thirty Refugee Settlements in Uganda." Remote Sensing 13, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 3574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183574.

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Satellite-based broad-scale (i.e., global and continental) human settlement data are essential for diverse applications spanning climate hazard mitigation, sustainable development monitoring, spatial epidemiology and demographic modeling. Many human settlement products report exceptional detection accuracies above 85%, but there is a substantial blind spot in that product validation typically focuses on large urban areas and excludes rural, small-scale settlements that are home to 3.4 billion people around the world. In this study, we make use of a data-rich sample of 30 refugee settlements in Uganda to assess the small-scale settlement detection by four human settlement products, namely, Geo-Referenced Infrastructure and Demographic Data for Development settlement extent data (GRID3-SE), Global Human Settlements Built-Up Sentinel-2 (GHS-BUILT-S2), High Resolution Settlement Layer (HRSL) and World Settlement Footprint (WSF). We measured each product’s areal coverage within refugee settlement boundaries, assessed detection of 317,416 building footprints and examined spatial agreement among products. For settlements established before 2016, products had low median probability of detection and F1-score of 0.26 and 0.24, respectively, a high median false alarm rate of 0.59 and tended to only agree in regions with the highest building density. Individually, GRID3-SE offered more than five-fold the coverage of other products, GHS-BUILT-S2 underestimated the building footprint area by a median 50% and HRSL slightly underestimated the footprint area by a median 7%, while WSF entirely overlooked 8 of the 30 study refugee settlements. The variable rates of coverage and detection partly result from GRID3-SE and HRSL being based on much higher resolution imagery, compared to GHS-BUILT-S2 and WSF. Earlier established settlements were generally better detected than recently established settlements, showing that the timing of satellite image acquisition with respect to refugee settlement establishment also influenced detection results. Nonetheless, settlements established in the 1960s and 1980s were inconsistently detected by settlement products. These findings show that human settlement products have far to go in capturing small-scale refugee settlements and would benefit from incorporating refugee settlements in training and validating human settlement detection approaches.
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Ulimaz, Mega, Reynaldi Yudha Pratama, Ajeng Nugrahaning Dewanti, and Elin Diyah Syafitri. "Assessment of Settlement Quality Levels in Balikpapan Kota Subdistrict, Balikpapan, Indonesia." Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 19, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v19i1.55-67.

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Balikpapan is experiencing rapid urbanization and has an essential role in settlement development. One of the strategic issues of settlements in Balikpapan is the settlements that have decreased in quality in residential in urban areas with a mild level of slum. Based on the Balikpapan Spatial Plan, the spatial pattern in the Balikpapan Kota Subdistrict is dominated by the Settlement Area. It can be said that the components of settlements are the components that are planned to support settlement activities. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the quality of settlements in the Settlement Area in the Balikpapan Kota Subdistrict. The analysis was carried out by quantitative descriptive method (scoring method) with the unit of study for each settlement block or neighborhood. The analysis results of the quality of settlements in the Balikpapan Kota Subdistrict tend to have reasonable quality settlements. There were no areas that had poor settlement quality values. In the research area, from 131 neighborhoods, 19 neighborhoods still have a moderate quality of settlements. It is necessary to increase several components to improve the quality of settlements in each block so that all settlements become more liveable.
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Milosevic, Zoran, and Sanja Rascanin. "Perspective of sustainable development in the functional area of nodal centres of Zlatibor district." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 102, no. 2 (2022): 83–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd2202083m.

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The concept of sustainable development in the functional area of the network of the most important settlements is based on the dependence on the settlement environment as well as the development of the entire settlement system in the Zlatibor district. The assessment of the functional development of nodal centres and their impact on the sustainable socioeconomic transformation of other settlements through integrative-incentive mechanisms is based on: the dominant role of nodal settlements as a geospatial factor in the sustainable development of the settlement system of the Zlatibor district; structural and demographic changes within the socioeconomic area; complementarities with settlement specificities; development needs of functional centres; integration into the spatial system of nodal settlements of Serbia; manifestations of differentiated planning and research into the sustainable development of complex geospatial entities. Based on the functional-process approach, the concept of sustainable development of the settlement system was formulated based on the following foundations: elements of the settlement system formed on the basis of spatial-geographical conditions; the main areas of population concentration are urban environments; the high conditionally of the socioeconomic development of the settlement system based on the gravitational-encouraging and polarizing effects of the influence of nodal settlements; from the process of redistribution within the active population, settlement- functional concentration and the development of other settlements result.
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Lv, Chenghao. "Analysis and Optimization Strategy of Spatial Evolution of Rural Settlement Land in Shandong Province." BCP Business & Management 49 (August 16, 2023): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v49i.5446.

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Due to the lack of unified planning and rectification in rural settlements, a large amount of land has been idle and wasted. Implementing the optimization of rural settlement layout and intensive and efficient use of land is a strategic choice to promote the construction of beautiful rural areas and coordinate urban-rural development. Scientific evaluation of development potential is the prerequisite and foundation for the optimization of rural settlement layout. The current classification optimization of rural settlements often only relies on the static status of the settlements, lacking a comprehensive consideration of the development and evolution laws and potential of rural settlements. To this end, it is planned to conduct a systematic study on the evolution, driving factors, and development potential of rural settlement spatial pattern in Shandong, revealing the characteristics and mechanisms of the evolution of rural settlement spatial pattern, and enriching the theoretical research on rural settlement spatial pattern in Shandong. At the same time, studying the evolution characteristics of rural settlement spatial pattern and proposing optimization types and corresponding strategies for rural settlement spatial pattern can make the research on rural settlement spatial pattern optimization more targeted and feasible, providing reference for the planning and layout of rural settlements in Shandong.
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Jia, Qiang, and Fang Gu. "Numerical Analysis on Settlement Law of an Underpinning Structure Composed of Piles and Beams." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 3654–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.3654.

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The settlement law during the underpinning process of a frame structure was analysed using the three-dimensional finite element model based on ANSYS program. The birth and death technique was adopted to simulate the work state of the underpinning structure and the underpinned piles. The secondary settlement deformations in the process of foundation underpinning can be simulated when the settlement values of the column bases before underpinning were applied to the underpinning structure. The settlement-location curves of the frame column bases before and after underpinning can be gained through path operation. The analysis results show that the settlement values and the differential settlements of the underpinning location increase obviously after underpinning, the medial deflection of the underpinning beam increases, and the settlement value of corresponding frame becomes bigger. The deformation of the underpinning beam occupys big proportion in the total settlement deformation. When the length diminishes and the diameter augments of the underpinning pile, the stiffness of the pile increases, therefore the settlement values and the differential settlements decrease. When the span diminishes and the height augments of the underpinning beam, the stiffness of the beam increases, accordingly the settlement values and the differential settlements decrease obviously. The width change of the underpinning beam has little influence on the settlement values and the differential settlements.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Settlement"

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Martin, James. "Site and settlement : land and settlement structures in rural Northumberland." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/558.

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There is a growing awareness of concerns expressed by people who live in the countryside as arguments for and against new housing developments on farmland receive widespread and regular publicity. The debate follows several different perspectives from participant and nonparticipant parties with a focus of contention on erosion of traditional values. A persuasive argument in this debate is found in traditionalists' opposition to physical and social changes to existing hamlets, villages and small towns, on evidence of the effects of C20 housing accretions, and recognition of the threat to the nature of earlier settlements posed by urban standards of development. This raises fundamental questions about interpretations of rurality in the context of settlement growth, and raises a challenge for developers to retain much admired rural characteristics in a climate of new housing need. The study addressest hese issuesb y examining literature from a wide range of disciplines to develop a concept for meaningful analysis of settlements, in which site and social processes are manifest in building forms. It informs the debate by pinpointing formative elements in settlement development from investigation of linkages between building configurations and particular properties of location and place in a chronology of events and processes. Hamlets,v illagesa nd small towns are in many sensesb eautifulp laces,c ombiningv ariety and interaction of different qualities of forms and spaces in single buildings and groups of buildings. Part of this complexity is a combination of physical and socio-cultural elements which are reflectedi n particularu sesa nd arrangementosf buildings and spaces. The study proposest hat settlementsa re social constructsin which landscapeis a unique elementa nd central to the formation of their distinctive configurations. The study is composed of two parts of empirically based research of settlements in Northumberland. Quantitative and qualitative methodologies are used to explore the prevalence of relationships between building configurations and topographical and geological divisions, and to investigate the phenomena of social-cultural relationships with site. The analysis identifies key elements of landscape which are negotiated by groups of buildings to give distinctive qualities to configurations. The research helps understand site/settlement relationships, by acknowledging the processes and differences which occur over different locations and uses at different times. The research develops new methodologies in tracing site/settlement relationships, and promotes an analytic approach, as an instrument in development processes, to contextualise settlement formations by providing a rich insight into some of their essential characteristics. It concludes that site offers opportunities for and sets limits on development and provides a cohesion between physical and socio-cultural processes of development in a climate of continuous change.
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Rickson, Kara E. "Unsettled Settlements of Environmental Risk: Accounting for hazardous legacies, risky environments, and settlement exposures." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/397587.

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This study examines struggles over settlement exposures to environmental risk, and the ways socio-environmental legacies and commitments are problematised, challenged, transformed, or otherwise ‘unsettled’. Inquiry is directed to discursive and material processes that shape legacy exposures and risk commitments ‘in place’, yet remain relatively neglected in scholarship, policy, and planning. Drawing upon critical, constructivist, and conflict perspectives, especially within environmental sociology and the sociologies of risk and disaster, the study systematically addresses issues of power in the production and placement of risk, hazard, and exposure, and in related understanding of impacts, and response. Grounded in a qualitative methodology, a case approach and mixed methods are employed to identify and investigate three environmental risk controversies situated in the coastal, mainland Moreton Bay Region in Southeast Queensland, Australia. Methods used include the analysis of documentary and archival material, a household survey, and semi-structured interviews with self-selected residents who were survey respondents, and with purposively sampled community group representatives. The cases investigate, in turn, contentious settlement exposures related to the ‘encroachment’ of hazardous industries and a large chemical factory fire, catastrophic flooding and the manageability of flood risk, and the acceptable impacts of climate change adaptation itself. Analysis in each case was directed to the following: predominant problem and solution framing; critical attention to government roles in risk creation; issues of allocation and claims of tolerability, acceptability, and responsibility for risk acceptance; and related contestation and prospects for transformation. ‘Placing’ environmental risk controversies in this way supported consideration of the nature, significance, and limits of any related (symbolic or material) unsettling. The incidents, disasters, and disputes under study included challenges to the authority of technical and scientific knowledge, its appropriate application in local contexts, and the accessibility and acceptability of paths and processes for determining the stakes and commitments of settlement. Interpreted as cases of encroachment, fragmentation, and displacement, powerful risk commitments were argued to remain ‘out of frame’ in important ways. Enduring socio-institutional and politico-legal commitments to the accommodation, accumulation, and domestication of risk, hazard, and exposure were evident across the cases. The hazardous legacies of past land-use decisions, for instance, were identified but naturalised in ways that served to enable the advancement of certain trajectories, forms, and locations of development. It was argued that these ongoing risk commitments, and challenges to them, are best understood as inseparable from both local ‘risk landscapes’ and broader claims to the legitimate terms and bounds of governance, environment, and settlement.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
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Johnson, Charles David. "Critical natural resources in the Mesa Verde region, A.D. 600-1300 distribution, use and influence on Puebloan settlement /." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2006/C%5FJohnson%5F042706.pdf.

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Baumli, Joseph Walden Potts Louis W. "Prairie trails, iron rails, and tall tales : the settling, town building, and people of Nodaway County, Missouri, 1839-1910." Diss., UMK access, 2004.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of History and School of Education. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2004.
"A dissertation in history and urban leadership and policy studies in education." Advisor: Louis W. Potts. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Feb. 22, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 363-372). Online version of the print edition.
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Clarke, Philip. "Botany Bay Penal Settlement." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Humanities (HUM), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1030.

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Lieutenant James Cook claimed New South Wales for Great Britain in 1770. However, it was not until 1786 that a settlement was authorised there. The settlement was not for free men, but the for the unwanted convicts, their masters and protectors; the First Fleet convicts landed at Sydney Cove on January 26, 1788 and Governor Phillip lay claim officially to the country.

The decision to establish a settlement in New South Wales took sixteen years. It was not the clear-cut and positive beginning to a country that it could have been.

The emphasis of this report is to look at the factors that contributed to the decision and the line that the decision makers took. This has involved investigation of parliamentary debates, ministers’ letters and other sources relevant to the decision. The factors most pressing at the time for the government were the over abundance of criminals and the budget deficit. With a relatively simple move, Lord Sydney was able to relieve the first problem at the same time as his Prime Minister, William Pitt, took on the budget. It is clear that the settlement was established for the dubious benefit of relieving England of the convicts.

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Fridh, Marcus, and Fredrik Sy. "Settlement Generation in Minecraft." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20422.

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This paper explores graph grammar and constructive solutions for settlement generation in Minecraft. It uses graph grammar to flatten parts of the surface in order to increase the space for the buildings. Buildings are then generated with a constructive solution that follows a step-by-step model where different parts of the building are created in a certain order. Different parts include the shape of the foundation itself, the walls, the roof and the furniture. The algorithm picks which blocks to use on different parts of the house through an object called district palette. The buildings are divided up into areas called districts, where all the houses within the district follow a similar aesthetic style. The goal is to compare our solution with existing solutions from the Generative Design in Minecraft (GDMC) competition to see how it holds up against the other submissions. To evaluate, a user study was performed where each jury has to score four criteria: adaptivity, functionality, evocative narrative, and aesthetics. The results show that the solution had a strong aesthetics but fell behind in adaptivity, functionality, and evocative narrative. Most of it was due to not being able to generate different structures, and not cleaning up the trees around the buildings and the roads.
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Taylor, R. Simon. "Settlement-names in Fife." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21565.

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The core of this thesis is divided into three sections: 1) linguistic and historical analysis of parish- and certain settlement-names of Fothrif (west Fife), within the boundaries of the medieval sheriffdom of Fife i.e. 39 parish-names, both obsolete and extant; and all settlement-names, both obsolete and extant, which contain the habitative elements baile, bý(r), caer, dùn, pett, ràth and toun, and the settlement-related element dabhach. These names are set out alphabetically under 33 headings, each heading a pre-Reformation parish. Each of these parishes is prefaced by a set of Introductory Notes, which give a brief history of the development of the parish as an ecclesiastical unit, and relate it to the parish boundaries shown on the O.S. 1" (7th Series) Map. 2) linguistic and historical analysis of all settlement-names recorded before c. 1650 in the combined medieval parishes of St Andrews and St Leonards, (east) Fife. 3) Elements Index containing an alphabetical list of all elements which occur regularly in the place-names listed in sections 1) and 2). Under each element are listed all names which contain that element through the medieval sheriffdom of Fife. The whole is preceded by three introductory chapters. Chapter 1 discusses the geology, geography and history of the whole of Fife, with special reference to place-names; it also defines Fothrif and the medieval sheriffdom of Fife. Chapter 2 contains a linguistic history of Fife, as revealed by the onomastic evidence. Special attention is paid to the interaction between Pictish and Gaelic, and between Gaelic and Older Scots. It also discusses a range of Gaelic linguistic features manifested by the place-names. Chapter 3 discusses the habitative elements baile, pett, dùn, caer, ràth and lios, especially the relationship between baile and pett, and the phenomenon of Pit-/Bal-substitution; attempts some conclusions about the nature of early medieval settlement in Fife; and adumbrates areas of further research in other parts of former Pictland not yet subjected to detailed onomastic analysis.
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Haas, W. Randall, Cynthia J. Klink, Greg J. Maggard, and Mark S. Aldenderfer. "Settlement-Size Scaling among Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherer Settlement Systems in the New World." PLoS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621349.

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UA Open Access Publishing Fund awarded when author was at University of Arizona.
Settlement size predicts extreme variation in the rates and magnitudes of many social and ecological processes in human societies. Yet, the factors that drive human settlement-size variation remain poorly understood. Size variation among economically integrated settlements tends to be heavy tailed such that the smallest settlements are extremely common and the largest settlements extremely large and rare. The upper tail of this size distribution is often formalized mathematically as a power-law function. Explanations for this scaling structure in human settlement systems tend to emphasize complex socioeconomic processes including agriculture, manufacturing, and warfare—behaviors that tend to differentially nucleate and disperse populations hierarchically among settlements. But, the degree to which heavy-tailed settlement-size variation requires such complex behaviors remains unclear. By examining the settlement patterns of eight prehistoric New World hunter-gatherer settlement systems spanning three distinct environmental contexts, this analysis explores the degree to which heavy-tailed settlement-size scaling depends on the aforementioned socioeconomic complexities. Surprisingly, the analysis finds that power-law models offer plausible and parsimonious statistical descriptions of prehistoric hunter-gatherer settlement-size variation. This finding reveals that incipient forms of hierarchical settlement structure may have preceded socioeconomic complexity in human societies and points to a need for additional research to explicate how mobile foragers came to exhibit settlement patterns that are more commonly associated with hierarchical organization. We propose that hunter-gatherer mobility with preferential attachment to previously occupied locations may account for the observed structure in site-size variation.
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Nash, Beryl Rose. "Anglo-Scandinavian settlement in the Lower Trent Valley, 750-1066 AD : settlements, fields and boundaries." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263741.

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Magida, Litha Lincoln. "The Witsand Human Settlement Project : a participatory process to establish a sustainable human settlement." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80271.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is experiencing a number of challenges, which have led to developmental backlogs, housing shortages and growing informal areas. At the same time, the country is also experiencing sustainability problems, such as climate change, biodiversity loss and resource shortages. Strategies to address these challenges do not always provide adequate space for participatory structures as suggested by Local Agenda 21. Social sustainability (the ability of communities to collaborate in order to promote sustainability) is a fundamental component of sustainable development. An essential ingredient of social sustainability is to maintain and develop the stock of social capital (social bonds, relationships of trust, and connectedness in groups and networks). The existence of conflict and distrust in communities therefore makes cooperation for development and sustainability very difficult. The purpose of this study was to examine and evaluate a specific case study, namely the Witsand Integrated Energy Environment Empowerment Cost Optimisation (iEEECO) Human Settlement Project, situated near Atlantis within the City of Cape Town, with regard to lessons about the process towards sustainable human settlements and sustainability. This case study was chosen because it is a so-called People’s Housing Project that has also been developed as an ecological sustainable project. The study specifically aimed to establish whether and how participation was implemented as part of this project and how effective this had been in promoting social sustainability, since it had also been a conflict-ridden project. The case study methodology was used where interviews, direct observation and focus groups sessions were conducted. Finally, the study reports on the findings and formulates recommendations based on the case study on some of the ways to improve sustainability. The process of learning about this community was like unpeeling an onion, that started with the impression of a successful sustainable human settlement, but ended up with the knowledge that it is a project, which despite more than usual efforts made to implement sustainability principles and participation, remains conflict ridden and fragmented. The community is presently represented by two community organisations (of which one does not support sustainability principles). It also seems as if few community members felt that they had really been involved in the participation process, with many relegated to make up numbers in meetings, with no real involvement in the process. The level of illiteracy within the community is high and rumours abound, which at one stage led to houses of community leaders, as well as field workers employed by the municipality to monitor extension of shacks, being stoned and burnt. Municipal policies to use local people as gate-keepers to keep informal areas from growing are contributing to these problems. Changes in housing policies regarding contributory payments are also adding to conflict within the community, which adds fuel to rumours of corruption. In the context of a shortage of space where people can legally build their own shacks, a shortage of public facilities like schools and clinics, as well as employment opportunities, this project cannot yet be regarded as an integrated sustainable human settlement.The lessons that this case study teaches us is about the path towards sustainability, is that it is a complex process, which requires a bigger focus on social sustainability and on conflict transformation. Social sustainability requires more and better participation and transparency in policy-making, as well as changes in policies to promote more fairness, justice, and the building of social capital. Co-production, where state and citizens work together to provide basic services, has much to offer as a method of participation, especially if initiated and run by grassroots organisations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika beleef 'n aantal uitdagings, wat gelei het tot ontwikkelingsagterstande, behuisingstekorte en groeiende informele gebiede. Terselfdertyd ondervind die land ook volhoubaarheidsprobleme, soos klimaatverandering, die verlies aan biodiversiteit en hulpbron-tekorte. Strategieë om hierdie uitdagings aan te spreek, laat nie altyd voldoende ruimte vir deelnemende strukture soos voorgestel deur Plaaslike Agenda 21 nie. Sosiale volhoubaarheid (die vermoeë van gemeenskappe om saam te werk ten einde volhoubaarheid te bevorder) is 'n fundamentele komponent van volhoubare ontwikkeling. 'n Noodsaaklike bestanddeel van sosiale volhoubaarheid is om die voorraad van sosiale kapitaal (sosiale gom, verhoudings van vertroue, en verbondenheid in groepe en netwerke) in stand te hou en te ontwikkel. Die bestaan van konflik en wantroue in gemeenskappe maak dus samewerking vir ontwikkeling en volhoubaarheid baie moeilik. Die doel van hierdie studie was om 'n spesifieke gevallestudie te ondersoek en te evalueer, naamlik die Witsand Geïntegreerde Energie en Omgewing Bemagtiging Koste Optimisering (iEEECO) Menslike Nedersetting Projek, naby Atlantis binne die Stad Kaapstad, met betrekking tot lesse oor die proses na volhoubare menslike nedersettings en volhoubaarheid. Hierdie gevallestudie is gekies omdat dit is 'n sogenaamde gemeenskapsbehuisingprojek (People's Housing Project) is, wat ook as 'n ekologiese volhoubare projek ontwikkel is. Die studie is spesifiek daarop gemik om vas te stel of en hoe deelname as deel van hierdie projek geïmplementeer is en hoe effektief dit was om sosiale volhoubaarheid te bevorder of nie, aangesien dit ook 'n konflik-geteisterde projek was. Die gevallestudie metodologie is gebruik, waar onderhoude, direkte waarneming en fokusgroep sessies onderneem is. Ten slotte doen die studie verslag oor die bevindings en formuleer aanbevelings oor hierdie gevalle studie ten opsigte van metodes hoe om deelname te verbeter om volhoubaarheid te bevorder. Die proses van leer oor hierdie gemeenskap was soos om 'n ui af te skil, wat begin het met die indruk van 'n suksesvolle volhoubare menslike nedersetting, maar geëindig het met die wete dat dit 'n projek is, wat ten spyte van meer as die gewone pogings om volhoubaarheidsbeginsels en deelname te implementeer, deur konflik en fragmentasie gepla is. Dit word verteenwoordig deur twee gemeenskapsorganisasies (waarvan een nie volhoubaarheid beginsels ondersteun nie). Dit blyk ook asof min gemeenskapslede regtig voel dat hulle in die deelname proses betrokke was, met baie wat voel dat hulle gerelegeer was tot getalle by vergaderings, sonder regtige betrokkenheid in die proses Die vlak van ongeletterdheid in die gemeenskap is hoog en gerugte doen die ronde, wat op een stadium gelei het tot die steniging en verbrand van huise van gemeenskap leiers, sowel as veldwerkers wat deur die munisipaliteit aangestel is om die uitbreiding van plakkershutte te monitor. Dit blyk dat die munisipale beleid om plaaslike mense te gebruik as poort-wagte om die groei van informele gebiede te keer, bydra tot hierdie probleme. Veranderinge in behuising beleid ten opsigte van bydraende betalings dra ook by tot konflik binne die gemeenskap, wat gerugte van korrupsie aanvuur. In die konteks van 'n tekort aan ruimte waar mense wettiglik hul eie informele huise kan bou, 'n tekort aan openbare fasiliteite soos skole en klinieke, asook werksgeleenthede, kan hierdie projek nog nie beskou word as 'n geïntegreerde volhoubare menslike nedersetting nie. Die lesse wat hierdie gevallestudie ons kan leer oor die roete na volhoubaarheid, is dat dit 'n komplekse proses is, wat 'n groter fokus op sosiale volhoubaarheid en konflik transformasie vereis. Sosiale volhoubaarheid vereis meer en beter deelname en deursigtigheid in die maak van beleid, sowel as veranderinge in beleide om meer regverdigheid en geregtigheid te bevorder, asook die uitbou van sosiale kapitaal. Ko-produksie, waar staat en burgers saam werk om basiese dienste te lewer, het baie om te bied as 'n metode van deelname, veral as dit geïnisieer en gelei word deur voetsoolvlak organisasies.
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Books on the topic "Settlement"

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Oyeleye, D. A. Settlement geography. Yaba-Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press, 2001.

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Canada. The National Parks and National Historic Sites of Canada. Commemorating Canadian settlement patterns. Ottawa: The National Parks and National Historic Sites of Canada, 2001.

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Nakell, Martin. Settlement. New York: Spuyten Duyvil, 2007.

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Kinsey, B. H. Characteristics and performance of settlement programs: A review. Washington, DC (1818 H St., NW, Washington 20433): Agriculture and Environment Division, Southern Africa Dept., World Bank, 1993.

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Parks Canada. National Historic Sites. Commemorating Canadian settlement patterns. [Ottawa]: Parks Canada, National Historic Sites, 2001.

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Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Project of LAW. Jerusalem Unit., LAW (Organization :. Jerusalem), and Jerusalem Watch (Organization), eds. Land & settlement policy in Jerusalem. Jerusalem: The Society, 1999.

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Yadav, Suresh Prasad. Settlement dispersion: A quantitative analysis. New Delhi, India: Inter-India Publications, 1993.

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Kőszegfalvi, György. Településfejlesztés. Budapest: ELTE Eötvös, 1999.

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Roat, Harish Chandra. Tribal settlement system and development strategy. Udaipur: Himanshu Publications, 1987.

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Kahn, Charles M. Settlement risk under gross and net settlement. [New York, N.Y.]: Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Settlement"

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Harper, P. N. "Settlement." In Work Out Geography GCSE, 102–19. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10237-2_8.

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Rafferty, Milton D. "Settlement." In Missouri, 49–64. 1. Missouri—Description and travel. 2. Missouri—Historical geography. I. Title. II. Series.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429048272-4.

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Meisels, Tamar. "Settlement." In Territorial Rights, 113–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9262-6_7.

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Duncan, Chester I. "Settlement Analysis." In Soils and Foundations for Architects and Engineers, 106–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5417-2_6.

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Boardman, Marty. "Settlement Statements." In Fixing and Flipping Real Estate, 147–48. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-4645-9_16.

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Liang, Shuang. "Dispute Settlement." In Legal Aspects of Privately Financed Infrastructure Projects (PFIPs) in China, 165–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6803-9_7.

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Burton, John, and Frank Dukes. "Introduction: Settlement." In Conflict: Practices in Management, Settlement and Resolution, 83–91. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21005-3_9.

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"Settlement and Settlements." In Greek Archaeology, 8–42. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444395440.ch2.

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"Representative Settlements and Settlement Efforts." In Negotiating Tribal Water Rights, 107–53. University of Arizona Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1gxpfsw.17.

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"Settlement." In Handbook of Investment Administration, 107–50. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119201793.ch4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Settlement"

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Zhou, Z. Joe, Raymond P. Boivin, Alan G. Glover, and Phil J. Kormann. "Pipeline Integrity Design for Differential Settlement in Discontinuous Permafrost Areas." In 1996 1st International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1996-1864.

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The NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. (NGTL) gas pipeline system is expanding northwards as the producers search for and find new gas reserves. This growth has taken the system into the discontinuous permafrost zone, and also into new design problems. One such problem is the structural integrity of a pipeline subjected to the settlement differentials that occur between frozen and unfrozen soils. Adequate integrity design for differential settlement is required by design codes, such as CSA Z662, but the procedures and criteria must be established by the pipeline designers. This paper presents the methodology of pipeline integrity design for differential settlements used on a number of pipeline projects in Northwest Alberta. Outlined in the paper are the procedures, rationales and models used to: (a) locate discontinuous permafrost; (b) quantify the potential differential settlement; (c) predict pipeline stresses and strains; (d) establish strain limits; and (e) determine the pipe wall thickness to withstand those potential differential settlements. Several design options are available and are briefly discussed. For the projects mentioned, the heavy wall pipe option was identified as a cost effective design for medium to large differential settlements.
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Falk, E., and C. Kummerer. "Differential Settlements - Case Studies of Settlement Correction by Specialist Foundation Methods." In Fifth Biot Conference on Poromechanics. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412992.162.

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Lu, Ye, Yude Xu, Xiao Xin, and Jianfeng Shen. "Model Updating of Ballast Track Settlement and Accumulative Settlement." In 15th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479292.164.

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Al-Omari, Raid, Mohammed Fattah, and Mudhafar Hameedi. "Creep Characteristics of Organic Soft Clay Soil Using Large–Scale Model." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2020. Cihan University-Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/aces2020/paper.254.

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The long-term settlements in organic clay can create a kind of an engineering challenge that appear in most facilities design and construction in areas with deep deposits of soft clay. Peat ground is widely distributed throughout the southern part of Iraq. Peat contains a large amount of organic matter and has a very high natural water content. Three soil samples were collected from depths of 1.5 m, 2.5 m, and 3.5 m, below the soil surface in Halfaya oilfield, which lies east of Missan governorate southern Iraq. A series of tests were conducted in a large-scale model using a plate footing and considering three different percent of organic content. The percent of secondary settlement found is dependent on the stress level applied. A large fraction of the total settlement may be due to secondary compression. The assumption of a constant coefficient of secondary compression, Cα, may not be valid for a long-term settlement of peats. Laboratory data indicate that Cα generally increases with time. Thus, settlement predictions using constant Cα may underestimate field settlement.
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Vukašinović, Sandra. "Demographic aspects of the planned resettlement of settlements in Lazarevac municipality." In Population in Post-Yugoslav Countries: (Dis)Similarities and Perspectives. Institute of Social Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59954/ppycdsp2024.50.

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The planned resettlement of settlements in the course of the expansion of open-cast mining in the Kolubara mining basin has an impact on all aspects of social life in the municipality of Lazarevac. Primarily, this impact is reflected in the demographic development of the area. The expansion of coal mining and the immediate proximity to Belgrade, are the cause of significant demographic shifts. The municipality has 33 settlements, a third of which are located in the exploitation area. The number of inhabitants in some settlements is drastically decreasing, and some of them are completely displaced, while on the other side, there is a sudden influx of population in the city of Lazarevac and the secondary centres of the municipality (Veliki Crljeni, Stepojevac), both from the municipal territory and from other parts of Serbia, motivated by the economic advantages of Lazarevac and its surroundings. This fact determines the trend of a constant increase in the number of inhabitants in urban settlements in all observed intercensal periods from 1948 to 2022, while the decline in the number of inhabitants in rural settlements has been observed since the 1981-1991 census period. The sudden increase in the number of inhabitants in urban settlements since the 1980s can be explained by the intensification of mining operations and the process of expropriation taking place in rural settlements. According to the last census in 2022 – 55,146 inhabitants live on the territory of Lazarevac municipality, of which 27,635 live in the only urban settlement in the municipality and 27,511 in rural settlements. The data indicates that for the first time, the urban population in the municipality exceeds the rural population. This paper focuses on analysing the impact of the decades-long development of mining activity on the territory of the municipality of Lazarevac on the population and the comprehensive development of the settlement, both in a positive and negative context. The research also focuses on the transformation of the settlement environment caused by the expansion of open-cast mining, with an emphasis on the changes in the demographic characteristics of the settlement. The paper is based on the analysis of data from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, settlement regulation plans in the process of resettlement, the plan for the mining area of the Kolubara lignite basin and other sources relevant to the understanding of the given problem, as well as on the spatial representation of data using GIS software and tools. If we compare the dynamics of the expansion of the mines and the population of the Lazarevac municipality (before the start of open-cast mining and today), certain trends can be observed that make it possible to understand the demographic aspect of the process of planned displacement.
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Petrikovičová, Lucia, and Katarína Vilinová. "Priestorové aspekty vývoja osídlenia Novej Bane a Žarnovice v kontexte prírodných a socioekonomických podmienok." In XXIII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách / 23rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9610-2020-69.

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The dispersed settlement, as the studied area in the Novobanská Štálová area is, represents an autonomous expression of socioeconomic activity, conditioned by specific natural, and historical conditions. Štál is a habitable form, which was created mostly by gradual building on divided family lands, and many of them even today still share a common family name. The aim of the paper is to analyze spatial aspects of population distribution precisely in the context of natural and socioeconomic conditions of the territory with this specific form of settlement. The complexity of landscape development research requires the application and combination of multiple scientific approaches, concepts, methods, and techniques. Therefore, the methodological basis of the paper is based on several empirical studies analyzed in terms of the applied research methodology. The input analyzes include historical-geographical analysis of dispersed settlements, as well as field research. Today, the dispersed settlement, in addition to its original and basic agricultural function, also fulfills an accommodation and recreational function for a large number of the population working outside the dispersed settlements.
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Иванов, А. В., and В. В. Трубников. "Settlement «Psif-3»." In Древности Боспора. Crossref, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2018.978-5-94375-250-6.72-89.

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In the article presented to the attention of the reader, the results of the work done at the settlement «Psif-3» located in the Crimean region of the Krasnodar Territory, near the Krasnobatareiny settlement. The description of the monument, its place among the antiquities of the region, as well as the analysis of archaeological material, on the basis of which the chronological framework of the settlement - IV c. BC. An attempt at cultural attribution of the monument leads the authors to the conclusion that the «Psif-3» settlement not only combines features of both barbaric and Greek culture, and may be the key to understanding the processes taking place in the region as a whole.
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Toscano, Maurizio, and Giuseppe Romagnoli. "Atlante dei siti fortificati della provincia di Viterbo, Italia (X-XV secolo). Fonti e metodi per la ricostruzione della rete insediativa bassomedievale." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11545.

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Atlas of fortified settlements in the province of Viterbo, Italy (tenth-fifteenth centuries). Sources and methods for the reconstruction of the late-medieval settlement networkThis study addressed the historical phenomenon known as incastellamento, in the area of the current province of Viterbo, from a quantitative and geographical perspective. The time period considered was the tenth-fifteenth century. The paper describes the documentary sources, historical maps, aerial images, past studies and archaeological sources that are available to researchers, and which have been used, in good measure, to reconstruct the fortified settlement network. Moreover, the paper explains the methodologies used to identify, store and geocode the whole dataset, which so far comes to a total of 191 fortified settlements. In conclusion, we discuss the main characteristics of the online atlas, intended as an open and interoperable platform to consult, query and retrieve information from the dataset of late-medieval fortified settlements.
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Lee, Raymond S. "Load settlement rules - an important element in electricity market settlement." In 2008 Third International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/drpt.2008.4523407.

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Jizdan, Andrei. "Electronic settlement methods within commercial entities: accounting and tax aspects." In Conferința științifică internațională studențească „Provocările contabilității în viziunea tinerilor cercetători”, ediția VII. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/issc2023.03.

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Electronic settlement methods include three major categories of tools: e-commerce tools; autohone payment services; international payment services. The article is intended for theoreticians but also for practicing accountants, because in addition to the development of the theoretical basis, the aim is to identify some practical solutions in order to solve the problematic accounting aspects related to the use of e-commerce tools as an electronic settlement method. The importance of the investigated topic requires the identification of the accounting method of transactions aimed at the use of electronic settlement methods in general, and e-commerce tools in particular. Research methodology involves both general and specific approaches, such as: analytical method, web analysis, synthesis method, comparison method, systemic method and other research methods. Next, we will try to identify the way of reflection in the accounting records of settlements involving the use of e-commerce tools, including through the prism of the practical aspect, and not just the theoretical one.
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Reports on the topic "Settlement"

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ICTSD, ICTSD. WTO Dispute Settlement. ICTSD International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/ds_in_20120502b.

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Scott, Sally, and Jerry Anthony. National mortgage settlement. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Public Policy Center, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/8fu5-v95a.

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Jackson, John. WTO Dispute Settlement Experience. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012238.

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Bebchuk, Lucian Arye, and Howard Chang. The Effect of Offer-of-Settlement Rules on the Terms of Settlement. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6509.

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Moreno Gutiérrez, José Fernando, Carlos León, and Kimmo Soramäki. Molecular Settlement: Making Atomic Settlement Work in a Positive Interest Rate Environment. FNA, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.69701/gjbj662.

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Under the concept of atomic settlement, the time between the trade and the settlement of transactions is reduced to a very small fraction of time (e.g., seconds or less), making them instantaneous. A second feature is the exchange of all the assets in the transaction in a single event, making them simultaneous — no delivery or payment occurs if the others do not occur too, commonly known as delivery versus payment (DvP) or payment versus payment (PvP). Making the settlement of the transaction instantaneous and simultaneous may have several benefits. It could effectively mitigate risks to all parties by guaranteeing the immediate and concurrent transfer of all assets in a transaction. By squeezing the transaction to its lowest time and space dimensions (i.e., its atom), some risks related to the settlement of transactions may be mitigated, e.g., replacement-cost risk. However, making the settlement instantaneous and simultaneous only benefits some trading scenarios. In other scenarios, it will create higher liquidity requirements for the parties involved and increase settlement risk. This could be particularly burdensome in a positive interest rate environment. Therefore, notwithstanding its current allure, it is important to identify in which cases it makes no sense to settle atomically and how to make it work. For those transactions that do not benefit from instantaneous and simultaneous settlement, we suggest not working on the smallest units (i.e., the atoms) but on the second smallest units (i.e., the molecules). We propose building an intermediate centralized layer between the trade and settlement layers that will use atoms (i.e. single transactions) to use smart algorithms to create molecules (i.e., sets of transactions) that make sense to settle from a liquidity-efficiency viewpoint. This way, more transactions will benefit from faster and concurrent transactions while avoiding high liquidity costs.
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Kovenock, Dan, and Marie Thursby. GATT, Dispute Settlement and Cooperation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4071.

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Cutler, David, Jonathan Gruber, Raymond Hartman, M. B. Landrum, and Meredith Rosenthal. The Economic Impacts of the Tobacco Settlement. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7760.

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Bebchuk, Lucian Arye. Suing Solely to Extract a Settlement Offer. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2161.

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Smith, Steven D., and Chris J. Cochran. The History of American Settlement at Camp Atterbury. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada513125.

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Viscusi, W. Kip, and Joni Hersch. Tobacco Regulation through Litigation: The Master Settlement Agreement. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15422.

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