Journal articles: 'SETBACK STRUCTURE'

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Shaikh, Sajan, Mir Aftab Hussain Talpur, Farrukh Baig, and Manzoor Ahmed Ogahi. "Setback Violation and Residents’ Perception about Living Conditions in Vertical Buildings of Qasimabad, Hyderabad." Journal of Art Architecture and Built Environment 2, no. 1 (June 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.21.01.

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Setback is a building regulation enforced to regulate spacing between two buildings in order to have adequate solar exposer and ventilation. It is mandatory on the part of every individual who wants to construct a structure to obtain permission from the local authority before its construction. Despite rules and regulations framed for good reasons, instances of violation of development control rules (especially setback rules) are observed in the residential buildings of Qasimabad, Hyderabad. This results in the obstruction of sunlight, poor ventilation and high consumption of energy. It also results in deteriorating living conditions and narrowing of the adjacent local roads and alleys, creating congestion. So, this paper has tried to highlight the violations of setback rules in residential buildings and their impact on living conditions. For the perception of living conditions, a questionnaire survey with the Likert 5-point scale was used. Field survey technique was also carried out to measure the existing setbacks of residential buildings in Qasimabad. Standardized setbacks were determined by applying the formulas and by comparing them with existing setbacks. The comparison shows that existing setbacks are against building bye-laws. Despite discussing all building laws with various development agencies, this research is limited to discussing the setback rules mentioned in National Reference Manual (NRM). The study reveals that those residents who do not have a side setback area are more concerned with their privacy, smoke, sound and darkness; whereas, ineffective lighting, air circulation and the rise of temperature affect the living conditions and result in high energy consumption by residents. The study is imperative because it brings the focus of the development agencies towards the neglect of setback rules in high rise buildings and provides the evidence of their impact on living conditions by measuring residents’ perceptions.

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Maulana, Taufiq Ilham, Badamkhand Enkhtengis, and Taiki Saito. "Proposal of Damage Index Ratio for Low- to Mid-Rise Reinforced Concrete Moment-Resisting Frame with Setback Subjected to Uniaxial Seismic Loading." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 6754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156754.

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A vertical irregularity setback in reinforced concrete (RC) building affects its performance and response especially subjected to earthquake ground motions. It is necessary to understand how the seismic damage is established due to setbacks and avoid damage concentration on the irregularity section. The objective of this study is to propose a formula to estimate the damage distribution along the height of the setback building from a geometric measure of the degree of irregularity. First, previous experimental tests for two types of setback buildings, a towered and a stepped setback frames, were analyzed to verify the accuracy of the frame analysis. The results of the frame analysis considerably matched the experimental test results. Furthermore, to study the relationship between the degree of setback and the distribution of damage, a parametric study was conducted using 35 reinforced concrete setback frames, consisting of models with stepped setback type and towered setback type with different degrees of setback. The inelastic dynamic analyses of all the frames under three earthquake ground motions were conducted. The irregularity indices proposed in literature were adopted to express the degree of setback and the structural damage was expressed by the Park–Ang damage index. Using nonlinear regression analysis, formulas to estimate damage index ratio between two main structure parts (tower and base) from setback indices were proposed. Finally, the proposed formula was applied to the experimental test results to confirm its validity.

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Azodo, Adinife Patrick, Christian Onwubalili, and Tochukwu Canice Mezue. "Assessment of Observed Building Structure Setback of Shops along an Arterial Road and Noise Intrusion Level." Journal of Engineering 25, no. 12 (November 21, 2019): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2019.12.05.

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Roads irrespective of the type have specific standard horizontal distance measured at 90 degrees from a lot boundary to a development known as a setback. Non-observance of the recommended setbacks accommodated in any urban center’s master plan creates noise hazard to the public health and safety as the movement of vehicular traffic is not without the attendant noise. This study assessed noise intrusion level in shops along a section of Ibadan-Abeokuta road with due consideration to compliance with the recommended building structure setback. Analysis of noise descriptors evaluated in this study gave A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level average of 91.3 dBA, the daytime average sound level (LD) 92.27 dBA, traffic noise index (TNI) 41.63 dBA, the noise pollution level (LNP) 85.91 dBA and noise climate (NC) 5.38 dBA. Correlation analysis between the observed setbacks and the noise levels gave an “r” value of -.496 significant at p < .05. The paired t-test analysis showed a mean ± SD difference of 15.90 ± 7.08, and t-value of 32.99, corresponding to a two-tailed p < .05 with 215 degrees of freedom. This implies that there was a significant statistical difference between the noise levels measured at the observed and recommended setbacks

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Arman, Elias G., Remigildus Cornelis, and Tri M. Sir. "Studi Perbandingan Kinerja Sistem Struktur Setback berdasarkan Metode ATC 40, FEMA 356 dan SNI 1726:2012." JURNAL FORUM TEKNIK SIPIL (J-ForTekS) 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/forteks.v1i1.4184.

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The aim of this study was to compare the performance level of the setback structure system and the non-setback structural system using the ATC-40, FEMA 356 and SNI 1726-2012 methods. The non-setback structure have the shortest span of 15 m, the longest span of 20 m and the level of each floor was 3.5 m but the setback structure have setback system on the longest span of 10 m at the 5th and 6th floor level. The results showed that the performance level based on all methods of the sectback structure system is at the immediate occupancy level while the non-setback structure system, based on SNI 1726-2012, the performance level is immediate occupancy for the longest span and the shortest span is damage control. On the other hand, based on the ATC-40 and FEMA 356 methods, the performance level of the non-setback structure is at the immediate occupancy level. Drift on non-setback buildings based on the SNI 1726-2012 method is 0.011, based on the ATC-40 method is 0.007, and based on FEMA 356 is 0.005. Drift on the setback building based on the SNI 1726-2012 method is 0.010, based on the ATC-40 method is 0.006, and based on FEMA 356 is 0.004.

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Reshi, Sameer Ahmad, and Bharmjeet Singh. "A Study on Seismic Response of RCC Buildings on Hill Slopes Using STAAD.Pro." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 2909–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41932.

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Abstract: The majority of India's hilly regions are prone to earthquakes. A building on a steep slope is distinct from other structures. That is to say, structures that are to be constructed on hilly terrain have a higher risk factor of falling prey to seismic activities as compared to their counterparts built on a rather plainer terrain. The numerous floors/storeys of such a structure step back towards the hill slope, and buildings may also have setbacks. As such, the column of a hill structure sits at different heights on the angle of the terrain; its analysis differs from that of buildings on level ground. The current study looked at G+3 and G+4 structures with different slope angles, such as 00 , 7.50 , 150 , 22.50 , and 300 . Both Step back and Step back & set back types of building configurations have been studied in this paper. The earthquake forces are calculated according to IS: 18932002; the structures are situated in seismic zone IV, with a damping ratio of 5%. Linear Static and Linear Dynamic methods were employed to conduct the seismic study. To investigate the influence of shifting column heights in the ground level due to sloping ground, a 3-dimensional analytical model of building plan was created and the same was studied using the structural analysis application "STAAD.Pro." To quantify the effects of diverse sloping terrain, response parameters like top storey displacement, base shear, shear in bottom storey column, and time period were thoroughly studied. It has been discovered that short columns on the elevated side of the terrain/slope experience a greater shear force as compared to columns of increased height on the lower side of the terrain. Under earthquake stresses, Step back & Setback structures showed better resilience to seismic forces as compared to Step back buildings. Step back setback buildings have substantially lower base shear and top floor displacement than setback buildings on sloping land. Keywords: Earthquake, Slope, STAAD.Pro, Step back, Step back & set back

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Thejaswini, R. M., L. Govindaraju, and V. Devaraj. "Experimental and Numerical Studies on Setback Buildings Considering the SSI Effect under Seismic Response." Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 431–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091664.

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From the previous studies it is observed that due to the effect of the earthquake, several irregular buildings failed vulnerably. Further the effect of sub soil conditions where these buildings have been founded also play an important role on the seismic response of these buildings. In the past, experimental studies on the seismic response of different setback building configurations have not been carried out. Therefore, in the present study the seismic behaviour of setback buildings considering Soil Structure Interaction (SSI) has been evaluated by conducting experimental and numerical investigations. Buildings with various setback configurations were considered and are designed as pile foundation supported structures. The irregularity index of these building configurations have been determined as per the existing codal provisions. These piles supported buildings representing the prototype structure have been scaled down according to geometric, kinematic and dynamic scaling laws. The scaled building models are subjected to vibrations beyond resonant frequencies using shake table facility. A comparison of the results has been made between experimental and numerical investigations. Based on the study it has been observed that storey displacements of building with regular configurations are higher in comparison with the setback buildings. It is also found that asymmetrical and symmetrical setback buildings having different irregularity indices as per IS:1893-2016 indicate nearly the same displacements at resonant frequencies. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091664 Full Text: PDF

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Maulana, Taufiq Ilham, Muhammad Ibnu Syamsi, Fanny Monika, and Hakas Prayuda. "The Effect of Span-to-Height Aspect Ratio to The Damage Index Ratio of RC Buildings with Vertical Irregularity Setbacks." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 35, no. 2 (March 30, 2023): 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(2)-25.

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Many type irregularities exist in reinforced concrete frame buildings to accommodate the demand from architectural and aesthetic aspects. One of it is vertical irregularity setback. Its appearance affected the building seismic performance and the damage distribution. Previous researchers proposed equations to correlate between irregularity indices and damage index ratio of setback buildings. However, the aspect ratio between span and height were not included in the formula. This research presents the influence of span-to-height ratio to damage index ratio of the reinforced concrete buildings with setbacks. A set of 2D RC frames having setbacks are evaluated with nonlinear dynamic analyses under three seismic input motions. Several span-to-height aspect ratios were applied by changing the inter-story heights. The Park-Ang damage index was adopted to evaluate the damage index ratio between tower part and base part to represent the damage distribution and the inter-story drifts were observed to represent the building seismic performance. The result showed that under the same earthquake motions, the decrease in span-to-height ratio majorly increased the maximum inter-story drifts. The damage index ratio values between tower part and base part fluctuated, however the similar pattern of damage distributions between tower and base structure were obtained.

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Kawakami, Masayoshi, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, Tomohiro Inoue, Atsuhisa Kajihara, Masaki Fujimoto, and Tadaaki Kirita. "Disk Position and Temporomandibular Joint Structure Associated with Mandibular Setback in Mandibular Asymmetry Patients." Angle Orthodontist 79, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 521–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/040708-199.1.

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Abstract Objective: To determine the changes in articular disk position and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) structure in patients who had an asymmetric setback of the mandible performed by a bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy with manual positioning of the condyle. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion being treated at Nara Medical University Hospital were evaluated using clinical examination and pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance images of their TMJs. Results: Changes in articular disk position after asymmetric setback surgery were not statistically significant, although a tendency of anterior displacement in the fossa was noted. The anterior and posterior joint spaces did not show significant changes, whereas the condyle head of the deviated or contralateral side tended to be positioned downward. Conclusion: The asymmetric setback of the mandible with intraoperative manual positioning of the condyle does not significantly change the disk position in the fossa.

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Bekele, Bereket Netsanet. "Effect Of Vertical Irregularity On Fundamental Period And Stability Of Reinforced Concrete Building." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 24, no. 02 (February 9, 2022): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/22/0172.

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Now a day, many building have not regular configuration both in plan and in elevation due to different functional and aesthetic requirements. Hence, the evaluation of the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete building with plan and elevation irregularity is required. In this study the evaluation of the effect setback irregularity on fundamental and stability of reinforced concrete. The standards used for analysis of base case building and vertical irregular building using response spectrum analysis (RSA) method are adopted according to the provision of ES EN 1998-1:2015. The evaluation of fundamental period and stability based on the value of sensitive inter-story drift were assessed in detail using seven different building. Story eight and Story twelve reinforced concrete building with different setback irregularity were selected and their responses were compared with the ones of a corresponding base case was done using ETABS 2016.1.0 software. The setback of building is formed by the abrupt reduction in different floor area along the height of the building. The fundamental period and stability of setback buildings was found to be significantly different from the base case building, according to the findings of this study. It was discovered that the fundamental period of rigidity irregular buildings is longer than that of equivalent regular buildings. The fundamental period of a setback structure is shorter than that of a comparable regular structure. The findings reveal that the seismic response variation of setback building from the base case is dependent not only on the size of the irregularity, but also on the placement of the irregularity.

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Thi Thu Nga, Nguyen, Ngo Van Thuc, Lam Thanh Quang Khai, and Nguyen Thanh Trung. "The effect of the setback angle on overturning stability of the retaining wall." Transport and Communications Science Journal 72, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47869/tcsj.72.1.8.

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Retaining walls are a relatively common type of protective structure in construction to hold soil behind them. The form of the retaining wall is also relatively diverse with changing setback angle. Design cross-selection of retaining wall virtually ensures the stability of the retaining wall depends on many aspects. It is essential to consider these to bring the overall picture. For this reason, the authors selected a research paper on the influence of the setback angle on the overturning stability of the retaining wall. To evaluate the behavior stability of retaining wall with some key factors having different levels such as setback angle, internal friction angle of the soil, the slope of the backfill is based on the design of the experiment (DOE) with useful statistical analysis tools. These, proposing the necessary technical requirements in choosing significant cross-sections of retaining structure to suit natural terrain and save construction costs, ensure safety for the project.

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OHOKA, Akira, Satoru SUZUKI, Masayuki YASUTAKE, Takaaki UDA, and Toshinori ISHIKAWA. "STRUCTURE OF SETBACK-TYPE FLOODWAY APPROPRIATE FOR NUMAKAWA-DAINI FLOODWAY." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering) 75, no. 2 (2019): I_655—I_660. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/kaigan.75.i_655.

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Prajapati, Mohit Kumar. "Analysis of Setback Structure Considering Different Isolation Techniques: A Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 8, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.31993.

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Seeram, Madhuri, and Pramod Kumar. "Free Vibration Analysis of Symmetric and Asymmetric RCC Structures." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1273, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1273/1/012010.

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Abstract Symmetric and asymmetric structures behave differently under external loads even though they are of an equal number of stories or equal in dimensions. It is necessary to estimate the dynamic properties of the asymmetric structures carefully to avoid failure. Modal analysis for symmetric and asymmetric multi-storied reinforced concrete (RC) buildings is very essential to assess the dynamic characteristics of the structure. The plan asymmetric buildings with the shift of core from a central position to different positions and vertical asymmetry with the mass variation in vertical direction and setback stories are considered for the present study. Flexural beam elements are modelled to represent the columns. Two translations i.e., longitudinal, and transverse displacements of the building and rotation about the vertical axis of the structure are taken as global degrees of freedom at each node. The distance between the mass center and stiffness centre on each floor is taken as eccentricity. A finite element model is developed using MATLAB code to estimate the natural frequencies. Different RCC structures of 5 to 20-storied buildings are modelled by developing global stiffness and mass matrices based on the member connectivity. Eigen-value technique is used to estimate the natural frequencies. From the study it is observed that the natural period in asymmetric structures is found more than the symmetric building. The structure with setback also showed larger natural period.

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Yong, Hao. "Research on the Vertical Setback Problem of Steel Bundled Tube Structure." American Journal of Civil Engineering 5, no. 4 (2017): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20170504.17.

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Huang, Ling. "Analysis on Switch Node Finite Element of a High-Rise Building." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.20.

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In order to satisfy the requirement of building elevation, the setback change is carried out for the structure of a high-rise building. In order to minimize the influence of transfer story on building functions, the setback part is provided with the method of partial lapping column transfer. Lapping column transfer is a relatively fresh transfer method, which can increase the building space utilization, reduce the consumption of concrete materials, and avoid the vertical stiffness mutation of high-rise building effectively. However, the stress for lapping column transfer is rather complex, and this text makes a special analysis to the transfer story and node.

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Bhatta, Surendra, Latip Kumar Sharma, Bharat Niure, and Sudhir Niraula. "Seismic Response of Vertical Irregular Structures in Setback and Stepped Buildings." Journal of Engineering Technology and Planning 2, no. 1 (August 19, 2021): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joetp.v2i1.39204.

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Vertical irregular buildings are frequently constructed across the globe for functional as well as aesthetic purpose. However post-earthquake reconnaissance survey reports revealed high seismic vulnerability of the building with vertical irregularities. Consequently it is very important to explore the reason behind the high seismic vulnerability and the poor performance of irregular structures during the earthquake. A humble effort is under taken considering several case studies comprising different configuration of vertical irregular structures, so as to comprehend the seismic behavior of vertical irregular structure using response spectrum and pushover analysis has been attempted in finite element software ETABS 16.2.1 version. The results of the analysis indicate the irregular structures have ample chance of higher stress concentration as well as higher displacement demand at the vicinity of irregularity. Member strength enhancement at the vicinity of vertical irregularity may improve the overall seismic performance of the building. Also, this research checks the adequacy of fundamental mode properties for the quantification of vertical irregularity. Furthermore, pushover analysis has been done to observe the hinge formation pattern and also the plastic hinge rotation for observing the performance level of building.

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Martin, Magdalena, and Isabel Lirola. "External Action of the European Union After the Constitutional Setback." European Constitutional Law Review 2, no. 3 (October 2006): 358–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019606003580.

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Pandey, Manish Kumar. "Seismic Response of Large span slab in Horizontal Setback Building." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 1353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39009.

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Abstract: The demand for multi-storey buildings is increasing day by day. Residential plus commercial building is mainly used for wide span needs. Wide span required for Flat slab, Waffle slab and ribbed slab stands An excellent option for architects when larger openings in a building need to be covered with as few columns as possible. The use of different types of plates is developing as a new trend and is becoming a major challenge for structural engineers. Therefore, it is necessary to study about its structural behavior. The project is carried out under earthquake zone III under the earthquake analysis of G+9 storey building. For this study, four different types of large span slab structure are modelled in C-shape (Horizontal Setback Building) having 10-stories i.e. G+9 storied buildings with 3.50 meters height for each story is modelled and analysed. The plan area of all four buildings is same i.e. 2859 square meters (49.50 m x 82.50 m) each. These buildings were designed in compliance with the Indian Code of Practices for earthquake resistant design of buildings. Base of the building were fixed. The square sections are used for structural elements. The height of the buildings is considered constant throughout the structure. The buildings are modelled using ETABSvr.2016. Keywords: large span slab, ETABSvr.2016, Horizontal Setback Building, Flat slab, Waffle slab and ribbed slab

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Sushmitha, H. O., and S. Gonni Chetan. "Comparative Study on Tall Structures with Different Aerodynamic Modification Subjected to Wind Load Using ETABS." International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,Engineering and Technology 11, no. 09 (June 30, 2022): 12300–12304. http://dx.doi.org/10.15680/ijirset.2022.1109101.

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High rise Structures are in demand due to scarcity of land in urban areas, economic growth, technological advancement, etc. Wind effect is very important for high rise structures and provides significant contribution to overall loading and serviceability. But as we go higher wind excitation becomes one of the most precarious force acting on the surface of the structure. So modifications to the structural geometry is on of the best idea to reduce the wind impact. In this paper different aerodynamic modification are applied to the G+40 square structure. Minor modification like round corner, recessed corner and major modification like setback, tapered were considered. Wind analysis for these models were done in ETABS software and the obtained results were compared with basic square model. Then the model having less impact for wind is concluded as the best modified structure

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Kawakami, Masayoshi, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, Toshiaki Noshi, Shoichi Miyawaki, and Tadaaki Kirita. "Effect of surgical reduction of the tongue on dentofacial structure following mandibular setback." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 62, no. 10 (October 2004): 1188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2004.06.032.

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Langsdon, Phillip R., Ronald J. Schroeder, Hani Rayess, and William Clinkscales. "Lateral crural setback: an analysis on tip rotation." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 8, no. 7 (June 24, 2022): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20221643.

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Background: Increasing nasal tip rotation is a common objective during rhinoplasty. When ptosis is either totally or partially the result of an excessive lateral crura length, strength, or position, various techniques have been used to shorten the lateral crura in order to reduce its relative inferior ptotic force. Techniques that involve division or amputation of the cartilage have been shown to be effective, but may sometimes weaken the cartilage’s shear and horizontal load strength, thus increasing the chances of unwanted sequalae in alar and/or tip contour. We presented our lateral crural setback technique as another option to allow the tip to rotate while maintaining the lateral architectural structure, end to end continuity, and horizontal load and shear strength.Methods: Retrospective review of 20 patients undergoing cosmetic rhinoplasty who had a lateral crural setback cartilage repositioning maneuver. The primary outcomes measured after one year of follow-up were nasal tip rotation and projection. Nasal tip rotation was assessed by measures of the nasolabial angle using three different methods.Results: There was a statistically significant increase in nasolabial angle using all 3 methods for measuring nasal tip rotation. The average increase in nasal tip rotation for all methods was 10.7° (p<0.0001). There was a statiscically significant decrease in tip projection. No alar distortion or complications were noted.Conclusions: The lateral crural setback technique can be used to increase nasal tip rotation while preserving the integrity of the lateral crura. No alar distortion or complications were noted from this procedure.

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Johnson, Jeffrey A. "Off-fault Deformation Associated with Strike-slip Faults." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 24, no. 4 (December 21, 2018): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2030.

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Abstract Habitable buildings can be protected from surface fault rupture by establishing structure “setback zones” similar in purpose to legally mandated zones in California and Utah. But post-earthquake surveys of offset and warped linear cultural features, believed to have been straight prior to the event, demonstrate that potentially damaging inelastic strains or off-fault deformation can extend tens of meters beyond the principal slip zone of strike-slip surface fault ruptures. Setback zones designed to also mitigate off-fault deformation are likely to be prohibitively wide, indicating the need for structural and geotechnical engineering solutions to accommodate the potentially damaging strains within adequate design buffers. This study analyzes nine strike-slip surface fault ruptures between 1906 and 2014 and develops a simplified procedure to quantify off-fault deformation based on earthquake magnitude and distance from the principal slip zone of strike-slip faults.

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Kembayev, Zhenis. "The Court of the Eurasian Economic Union: An Adequate Body for Facilitating Eurasian Integration?" Review of Central and East European Law 41, no. 3-4 (November 11, 2016): 342–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730352-04103004.

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This article examines the structure and competences of the Court of the Eurasian Economic Union (eaeu Court). In doing so, it provides a comparative analysis of the eaeu Court with other judicial bodies created in the post-Soviet area, the Economic Court of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Court of the Eurasian Economic Community (Community Court), as well as in some respects with the Court of Justice of the European Union (cjeu). Summarizing major problems of the eaeu Court and setting out the Court’s first case, the article argues that the rules governing the activities of the eaeu Court represent a significant setback against the progress achieved previously by the Community Court. This setback reflects the lack of political will of the eaeu members to transform the eaeu Court into an effective judicial body similar to the cjeu and their insufficient commitment to the rule of law.

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Kawakami, Masayoshi, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, Tomohiro Inoue, Atsuhisa Kajihara, Masaki Fujimoto, and Tadaaki Kirita. "Disk Position and Temporomandibular Joint Structure Associated with Mandibular Setback in Mandibular Asymmetry Patients." Angle Orthodontist 79, no. 3 (2009): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/0003-3219(2009)079[0521:dpatjs]2.0.co;2.

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Jadhav, Shruti, and M. B. Kurnthekar. "Study of Restoration of the Historic Building." Journal of Recent Activities in Architectural Sciences 7, no. 1 (June 23, 2022): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/joraas.2022.v07i01.005.

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Thousands of years have passed since the construction of historic buildings or monuments, and they are often the most enduring and well-known symbols of former civilizations. It is vital that these national emblems of cultural and historical significance be preserved for future generations. Each heritage structure has its own distinctive characteristics and aesthetic finishes, as well as its own set of conservation concerns that necessitate innovative solutions. Pollution, age, fire, catastrophic occurrences such as earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, cyclones, soil-structure interaction (soil settlement, etc.), structural flaws, and a variety of other variables all contribute to the degradation of structures. Historic buildings are important monuments, thus this will be a severe setback for the country. It is critical to choose the right technique for restoration based on the parent structure's look. The new techniques must be compatible with the structure. This paper focuses on such challenges and corrective techniques to solve them while keeping the cultural integrity of the structure.

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Aidil Fitrah, Ridho, Masrilayanti Masrilayanti, Gita Zakiah Putri, and Zev Al Jauhari. "Assessment of seismic responses toward multi-story buildings of steel special moment resisting frame by considering the setback irregularities." E3S Web of Conferences 331 (2021): 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202133105007.

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Setback irregularities are considered where discontinuity between adjacent stories is excessive. This irregularity caused the probability of high damage at structures subjected to strong earthquake motion. For this purpose, this study was conducted by modeling the steel special moment frame (SMF) structures using a finite element calculation program with nonlinear static analysis compared to Padang city’s response spectrum. The buildings are also modeled with two types of setbacks: single and multiple setbacks. The results of this paper are discussed including the explanation of many parameters that relate to elastic and inelastic seismic responses of steel special moment frame (SMF). Based on the results, the setback irregularities, both single and multiple setbacks, the inelastic seismic responses are adequately sufficient to SNI 1726 2019 regarding drift limit. The other seismic responses are also discussed in terms of fundamental periods, inter-story drifts, story stiffness, and base shear. Referred to Indonesian Seismic Provision, SNI 1726 2019, it is found that single setback building has more adequate than multiple setbacks in terms of seismic responses. Then, the seismic assessments between these setbacks are explained to address the recommendations about future prevention toward damages and failures in steel buildings.

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Hsieh, Yuh-Jia, Yi-Chieh Chen, Yin-An Chen, Yu-Fang Liao, and Yu-Ray Chen. "Effect of Bimaxillary Rotational Setback Surgery on Upper Airway Structure in Skeletal Class III Deformities." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 135, no. 2 (February 2015): 361e—369e. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000000913.

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Li, Gang, Xiaohong Ge, Changsheng Guo, and Benguo Liu. "Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Pea Starch." Foods 12, no. 13 (July 6, 2023): 2620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12132620.

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The effects of ultrasonic treatment on the structure and physicochemical properties of pea starch were investigated in this study. The results showed that ultrasonic treatment increased the hydrolysis rate and particle size of pea starch. In the process of treatment, there were some depressions and pores on the surface of pea starch granules. Although the crystallization type of starch was retained, its crystallinity decreased. The pasting temperature of pea starch remained stable after ultrasonic treatment, but its peak viscosity, trough viscosity, cold viscosity, breakdown viscosity and setback viscosity all declined significantly. The transparency of starch paste decreased, but proper ultrasonic treatment could improve the strength of starch gel. The obtained results can provide a reference for the physical modification of pea starch.

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Balaji, G. C., and S. S. Vivek. "Construction sequence analysis of multi-storey setback building placed in slope with p-delta and time-dependent effects." Revista de la construcción 21, no. 2 (2022): 408–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/rdlc.21.2.408.

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Analysis and design of the structure are the most critical steps in the pre-construction steps involved. Nowadays, as technology is well developed, there is plenty of software available to carry over the analysis and design of any structures in a short period. In every software, the building model with all storey will be modelled, and loads are applied to the modelled structure on respective members, and their responses will be studied for the whole structure. But in reality, the building will be constructed in sequence as a step-by-step process, i.e., storey after storey with their respective loads, which may produce different responses. This analysis with sequential loading at each step is called Construction Sequence Analysis (CSA). In the present project work, the ten-storey setback building with a built-up area of 25m x 30m placed on the slope of 10°, assumed to be situated in Darjeeling, is modelled in ETABS software. The loads, namely gravity and lateral loads are applied to the developed model. Then the model is analyzed for different loads and their combinations as prescribed by IS codes. The combinations that produce high response are selected and dead load in those combinations are replaced with three modes: CSA without P-Delta effect, CSA with P-Delta effect, and CSA with P-Delta and Time-dependent effects combined. Thus the model is analyzed with these three additional combinations along with selected conventional load combinations. The various comparisons such as storey displacement, and storey drift between these four combinations of analysis were studied, and results were discussed. The building design is also done based on the analysis performed.

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Yadav, Abhishek, Shobhit Bhardwaj, Zenia Karam, and Madhuri Kumari. "Analytical Design of Irregular Buildings founded on soft soil." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1197, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1197/1/012015.

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Abstract In modern day, due to the need of unique architectural appearance or aesthetics of building, irregularities in mass, stiffness and symmetry may get disturbed, making the whole structure vulnerable to certain damages either minor or major. Some of the functional considerations of these structures are use of ground floor as car parking in residential buildings, use of basement as car parking in malls, etc. Seismic range is one the most important factors to be considered to analyze any irregular structure. In this study, the design of different G+6 structures having vertical regularity was done. These irregular structure models were compared with a regular G+6 structure having similar properties as other structures. For the designing and analysis of these structures, use of StaadPro software was done. It is one of the most used software, whenever it comes to the digital analysis of any structure. Different types of Vertical irregularities like mass irregularity, Vertical Setback Irregularity, Stiffness Irregularity (Discontinuous Column, Middle weak storey and Bottom Weak Storey) were considered for the analysis. The Seismic Zone for the structure is considered to be Delhi (Seismic Zone IV) with a Seismic Factor of 0.24. All the model structures were compared for the parameters of their Storey Drift and Storey Displacement. For irregular buildings though, certain damages/fatigue may be observed in some structures but the structures will not fail and will be serviceable for a long time with proper care. It was observed that the structures with stiffness irregularity showed the most increase in storey displacement and storey drift values.

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Janairo, Jose Isagani B., Gerardo C. Janairo, and Derrick Ethelbhert C. YU. "Semi-Empirical Predictions on the Structure and Properties ofent-Kaurenoic Acid and Derivatives." E-Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 2 (2011): 703–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/731090.

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The physicochemical properties ofent- kaurenoic acid model derivatives, which possibly influence its therapeutic application, were calculated. Results revealed that the molecule possess favourable attributes which renders it possible to be considered as a drug lead only that its very hydrophobic nature can result to poor bioavailabilty, low absorption and poor systemic circulation.In silicosimulations revealed that this setback can be overcome by introduction of hydroxyl group to the tertiary carbon ofent-kaurenoic acid employingm-CPBA catalyzed hydroxylation, thus, unleashing its full drug potency. Moreover, molecular similarity analyses derived from semi-empirical calculations betweenent-kaurenoic acid and a set of kaurane diterpenoids showed differences in hydrophobic complementarity, size and electronic properties despite possessing nearly identical molecular frameworks, thus, arriving in a generalization for their observed mechanistic differences on acting on different targets.

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Zhang, Hong Feng, and Shi Bang Ma. "Study on the Structure Improvement of Slanted-Guide-Pillar Core-Pulling Mechanism in Die-Casting Die." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 658–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.658.

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The slanted-guide-pillar core-pulling mechanism is the most commonly used side core-pulling mechanism in die-casting die. But when filling the die with pressure, aluminum leak frequently happens between lower motion-stopping surface of sliding block and side surface of moving die insert, since the clearance is bigger between side core and core hole. In many improved approaches, changing the lower motion-stopping surface of sliding block into upper motion-stopping surface of it or reducing the lower motion-stopping surface area is the simplest and reliable measure. The sliding block’s setback which occurs in die-casting process can be eliminated effectively and the workload of maintaining die can be reduced by this measure.

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Lugt, J. S. de, S. Thomson, and D. M. Cruden. "A suggested method for estimating setbacks from the crests of slopes on the Interior Plains in Alberta." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 30, no. 5 (October 1, 1993): 863–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t93-077.

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A method of estimating safe setbacks from the crests of river valley slopes in Alberta was evaluated for 39 slopes, of which eight are presented to illustrate the method and assess its reliability. The slope at each site is compared with angles of nearby stable, abandoned slopes with similar geology. An abandoned slope is a slope not being eroded by a river at present. The terrain behind the valley crest is often level. However, if the terrain rises or falls away from the crest, the setback should be corrected by a simply determined factor. Setbacks include an allowance for lateral river erosion, though this component is difficult to determine precisely. Ideally, site-specific rates of erosion should be determined and then applied to the model. In the eight cases discussed, no damage would have occurred had the structures been built behind the setback guideline. The suggested method for determining setbacks appears to be a prudent guideline for development along valley crests. The crests of slopes that have reached their ultimate angle are available for development with a small setback. For any slope that has not attained its ultimate angle, the setback represents land that is not available for development without detailed geotechnical analyses and remedial work. Key words : setback, slope, landslide, abandoned slope, angle of ultimate stability.

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Peters, Xylia Q., Thembeka H. Malinga, Clement Agoni, Fisayo A. Olotu, and Mahmoud E. S. Soliman. "Zoning in on Tankyrases: A Brief Review on the Past, Present and Prospective Studies." Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 16 (January 23, 2020): 1920–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520619666191019114321.

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Background: Tankyrases are known for their multifunctionalities within the poly(ADPribose) polymerases family and playing vital roles in various cellular processes which include the regulation of tumour suppressors. Tankyrases, which exist in two isoforms; Tankyrase 1 and 2, are highly homologous and an integral part of the Wnt β -catenin pathway that becomes overly dysregulated when hijacked by pro-carcinogenic machineries. Methods: In this review, we cover the distinct roles of the Tankyrase isoforms and their involvement in the disease pathogenesis. Also, we provide updates on experimentally and computationally derived antagonists of Tankyrase whilst highlighting the precedence of integrative computer-aided drug design methods towards the discovery of selective inhibitors. Results: Despite the high prospects embedded in the therapeutic targeting and blockade of Tankyrase isoforms, the inability of small molecule inhibitors to achieve selective targeting has remained a major setback, even until date. This explains numerous incessant drug design efforts geared towards the development of highly selective inhibitors of the respective Tankyrase isoforms since they mediate distinct aberrancies in disease progression. Therefore, considering the setbacks of conventional drug design methods, can computer-aided approaches actually save the day? Conclusion: The implementation of computer-aided drug design techniques in Tankyrase research could help complement experimental methods and facilitate ligand/structure-based design and discovery of small molecule inhibitors with enhanced selectivity.

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Jokić, Davor, Dražen Jokić, Vedran Uglešić, Darko Macan, and Predrag Knežević. "Soft tissue changes after mandibular setback and bimaxillary surgery in Class III patients." Angle Orthodontist 83, no. 5 (March 13, 2013): 817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/100112-775.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the relationship between soft tissue and bone structure for Class III patients before and after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) and bimaxillary orthognathic surgery; to determine the impact of other factors on soft tissue change; and to evaluate correlations between thickness of tissue before surgery, SNA, SNB, and ANB angles, and soft tissue changes. Materials and Methods: The study included 78 Class III patients treated only with BSSO or with BSSO and Le Fort I osteotomy. Lateral cephalograms were taken before and 3 months to 1 year after surgery. After all points of the Zagreb82 and Legan and Burstone profile analysis were traced, the ratio of five soft tissue points before and after surgery was evaluated. Results: Soft tissue between points Sn and A and upper lip showed statistically significant changes for patients treated with bimaxillary surgery and BSSO. Only gender had an influence on soft tissue change. The correlation between soft tissue thickness and changes after surgery was significant. A change in SNB angle correlated with upper lip thickness for patients treated with BSSO but not for patients treated with BSSO and Le Fort I. SNA angle changes correlated with soft tissue changes between points Sn and A. Conclusion: Results of this study show soft tissue changes after BSSO and BSSO and Le Fort I and eliminate the deficiencies that were indicated in the meta-analysis of soft tissue changes from a previous study.

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Wang, Yi, Ziru Xiang, Zhenyuan Gu, Chenhui Zhu, and Wangping Qian. "Damage Detection in Different Types of 3D Asymmetric Buildings Using Vibration Characteristics." Shock and Vibration 2021 (September 24, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6004283.

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This paper treats the vibration characteristics of three different types of asymmetric buildings and investigates the feasibility of applying an innovative vibration-based multicriteria approach-based damage index (MCA-DI) technique to detect the damage. This technique combines a modified form of the traditional modal strain energy method (MSEM) developed by decomposing the mode shapes into lateral and vertical components together with a modified form of the modal flexibility method to define a new damage indicator. Lastly, the dynamic behavior of three asymmetric building instances, including a 10-storey L-shaped structure, a 10-storey setback structure, and a 6-storey reinforced concrete structure with an unsymmetrical distribution of columns, was studied under five different damage scenarios. The results showed that despite different vibration characteristics of these three asymmetric buildings, the proposed method was able to accurately and effectively locate all damages and eliminate the confusion when more than one index is simultaneously used by using only the first a few modes.

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Kamran, Muhammad, Sarfraz Khan, and Ikram Badshah. "JIRGA AFTER MILITANCY: TRADITIONAL SOCIAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IN DARA ADAM KHEL FR KOHAT, PAKISTAN." Global Political Review V, no. I (March 30, 2020): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(v-i).15.

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The current research was conducted in Dara Adam Khel, Pakistan to explore the structure and procedure of the informal social justice system- commonly known as Jirga. The war on terror made it imperious for tribal Pakhtuns to bring back their chaotic lives on the right track to achieve economic prosperity and peace in the region. Pakhtuns residing in Pakistan have been suffering from this tempestuous situation since decades. Terrorism has brought the social structure to standstill. Due to the war on terror, the Jirga system has experienced a serious setback. The Jirga system has served the Pakhtun society as a complete code of conduct in maintaining peace and harmony. The data was collected through Focus Group Discussions, Key Informant Interviews and In-Depth Interviews. Majority of the respondents were aged between 45 to 70 years and they were selected through purposive sampling technique.

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38

Wong, C. M., and W. K. Tso. "Seismic loading for buildings with setbacks." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 21, no. 5 (October 1, 1994): 863–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l94-092.

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Dynamic analysis is in general accepted as the best method to obtain the seismic load distribution for buildings with a setback. However, most building codes require the base shear obtained by dynamic analysis to be calibrated by the static base shear obtained using the code's equivalent static load procedure. In obtaining the code static base shear, two issues often arise among the design professionals. First, it is unclear whether the code static base shear is applicable for buildings with setbacks because the period prescribed by the code to be used in the base shear formula is in general not pertinent to buildings with setbacks. Second, it is uncertain whether the higher mode period should be used in computing the base shear when the modal weight of a higher mode is larger than that of the fundamental mode — a case often encountered in designing buildings with setbacks. This paper is an attempt to resolve the above issues. For the first issue, modification factors were derived for adjusting the code period formula so that it can provide a more reasonable estimate for the period of a building with a setback. For the second issue, it was demonstrated in this paper that for cases where the modal weight of a higher mode is larger than that of the fundamental mode, using the higher mode period for base shear calculation will result in unnecessarily conservative design. Key words: earthquake, seismic, irregular buildings, setback, dynamic analysis.

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Shakib, Hamzeh, and Farshad Homaei. "Probabilistic seismic performance assessment of the soil-structure interaction effect on seismic response of mid-rise setback steel buildings." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 15, no. 7 (January 19, 2017): 2827–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0087-9.

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Chaallal, O., P. Malenfant, and M. J. Nollet. "Comportement sismique d'un système formé de murs couplés tronqués et d'un cadre." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 752–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l01-033.

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This paper presents results of a numerical investigation on the nonlinear seismic behavior of a reinforced concrete system made of truncated coupled shear walls (CSWs) and a frame. The objective of the study is twofold: (a) examine the seismic behavior of CSWframe systems with setbacks and (b) verify the adequacy of the National Building Code (NBC) as far as the design of such systems. The study considers two types of CSWs, coupled and partially coupled, two Canadian seismic zones, 4 and 6, six different levels of setbacks, and 10 historic seismic records encompassing a wide range of frequency content. Results of the study show that the CSWframe system with no setback offers a satisfactory seismic behavior with regards to the sequence of plastification and the ductility demand. For the truncated systems, the NBC recommendations that the static method is not adequate is justified. Also, in the presence of setbacks, the columns show a higher degree of plastification with a possibility of formation of plastic mechanism (soft story). The ductility demand is also higher and can exceed the accepted practical limit in certain cases.Key words: coupled shear walls, frame, reinforced concrete, setback, seismic behavior, code.

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Radmilovic-Radjenovic, Marija, Petar Belicev, and Branislav Radjenovic. "The effect of the enhanced field emission on the characteristics of the superconducting radio frequency cavities." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 33, no. 4 (2018): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp180427003r.

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Electron field emission limiting the accelerating gradient in superconducting cavities remains the dominant setback in cavity production. The need to understand and control the field emission has become increasingly important because of the prospect of using high-gradient structures in linear colliders. Since building an accelerator structure is a complicated and costly process, elimination of unnecessary steps has priority. In this paper an analysis of the influence of the enhanced field emission in superconducting radio frequency cavity together with modal field calculations by using COMSOL finite elements package has been presented. The obtained results reveal that the electric field required for the field emission is generated in the cavity irises. The imperfection of the cavity surface leading to very high fields is modelled by a simple cone. The estimated value of the enhancement factor for the cone tip of around 4 is in a good agreement with the data found in the literature. In addition, from the slopes and the intercepts of the Fowler-Nordheim plots, a dependence of the enhancement factor and the effective area on the work function has been estimated.

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Hu, Tengjiang, Wei Ren, Yulong Zhao, and Yan Xue. "The Research on Actuation Performance of MEMS Safety-and-Arming Device with Interlock Mechanism." Micromachines 10, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10020076.

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Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) safety-and-arming (S&A) device shows great potential in munition miniaturization, and it can be seen as the symbol of the fourth generation of weapons systems. In this paper, the design, fabrication, and actuation performance of a silicon based S&A device is presented. It is a multilayer stacked device, which is composed of the cover plate, the actuation chip, and the barrel plate. The electro-thermal principle is investigated in MEMS scale. With 11 V driving voltages, the structure of V-shape actuator, pawl, and slider can generate 100 μm and 45 μm displacement, and realize pulling, disengaging, and reengaging to change the device from the safety position into armed position smoothly (550 μm displacement). The rack and interlock mechanism formed by the pawl and slider gives the device the features of linear output displacement, low power consumption, input signal recognition, and sustained displacement. The 20,000 g setback acceleration is applied, and no structure damage can be found after the impact, which indicates the good anti-load ability of the MEMS S&A device. In order to solve the contradiction between the functional structure and the fabrication process, different structures are designed separately on different wafers. Both silicon and SOI wafers are used in the fabrication process, and the S&A device has been minimized into 8.5 mm × 8.5 mm × 0.8 mm successfully.

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Oliveira Batista da Costa, Patrick, Rúbia Mara Bosse, and Gustavo de Miranda Saleme Gidrão. "Behavior assessment of asymmetrical building with concrete damage plasticity (CDP) under seismic load." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 16, no. 61 (June 19, 2022): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.61.07.

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According to the research conducted, the asymmetric multi-storey buildings are complex and suffer from severe damage caused by increased torsional response. This paper addresses the behavior assessment of setback building with irregularity in the plan under severe seismic event such as Kobe earthquake. Using three-dimensional model, the structure is subjected to seismic waves in the three directions through ground accelerations. Nonlinear dynamic procedures have been used by means time-history analysis method. The mechanical model describes physical nonlinear behavior with damage and plasticity showing the regions of cracking propagation, mainly the columns-beams connections and the whole column as well, corroborating the weak column and strong beam concept. The slabs did not present significant failures despite indicating damage regions on the borders of the first floors.

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Raunig, Hermann, and Grant S. Hamilton. "Repair of the Protruding Lobule." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 129, no. 1 (September 10, 2019): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489419875160.

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Background: In this paper, the author describes a novel step-by-step setback procedure for correcting protruding lobules; the success of correcting protruding lobules depends on the nature and severity of the auricular lobule deformity. Although the auricular lobules occupy small areas on either side of the head, protruding or misshapen lobules exert a significant and sometimes exaggerated disfiguring influence on the otherwise aesthetically pleasing appearance of the ears. Because the lobule is a soft structure without a cartilage skeleton, the correction of a protruding ear and lobule is always a challenge. Methods: Protruding lobule abnormalities stem from deformities of the cauda helicis (cartilaginous helical tail) of the auricular lobule, soft tissue, and/or a shortage of anterior skin; however, the abnormalities are usually a combination of all of the above. Therefore, surgical procedures should address all of the causes of lobule deformity and preserve as much tissue and blood supply as possible. Achieving a successful intervention depends on reducing the tension that affects the entire lobule. Results: This is a retrospective analysis of 660 patients who had otoplasty performed by the first author between January 2010 and December 2017. Correction of the ear lobule was needed in 398 (60.3%) patients. Of these, 44.6% patients were male, 55.4% female and the average age was 9 years (range 4-18 years). In this patient cohort, 356 (89.4%) required bilateral and 42 (10.5%) unilateral ear lobule correction. Standardized pre- and postoperative images were recorded for each patient. Conclusion: The goal of a setback procedure is a natural and harmonious auricular lobule appearance that is achieved through simple, optimal surgery that addresses all of the features of the auricular anatomy.

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Mashhadi, Sima, and Farshad Homaei. "Soil-structure interaction and frequency components of near-fault records on the performance-based confidence levels of steel setback MRFs." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 166 (March 2023): 107759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2023.107759.

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Ventura, Carlos E., and Norman D. Schuster. "Structural dynamic properties of a reinforced concrete high-rise building during construction." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 4 (August 1, 1996): 950–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-901.

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This paper presents the results of a study on the variability of the dynamic properties of an irregular high-rise building during its construction. Most of the knowledge about structural dynamics of high-rise reinforced concrete buildings is based on uniform structures. Hence, there is concern about extrapolating this knowledge to the behaviour of nonuniform building that emerge from current architectural trends. A clear example of these trends is the building selected for this study. This 30-storey reinforced concrete building is representative of the type of current construction in Vancouver, British Columbia. The lateral force resisting system in this structure is uniform in plan and elevation, while the distribution of storey mass is asymmetrical owing to its geometry as well as a major setback at one corner. Dynamic characteristics were determined by analyzing ambient vibrations of the structure. The objectives of this study included determining natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes, determining the effect of architectural components, assessing base motion, and assessing the manner of the core's deformation. In addition, a three-dimensional dynamic analysis was performed to assess the accuracy of modeling techniques. Finally, base shears and overturning moments during different stages of construction were assessed in accordance with current building codes. Key words: structural dynamics, ambient vibration measurements, earthquakes, building construction, mode shapes and frequencies.

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Rosyidah, Anis, and Indriyana Luthfiyanti. "Structural performance of 1 way and 2 way setback with the soft first story using ddbd." Jurnal Teknosains 11, no. 2 (May 9, 2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/teknosains.61136.

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Irregular building structures increasingly varied, such as setback buildings and buildings with soft level stiffness irregularity on the first floor of the building (soft first story). High-rise buildings are at risk of collapse due to earthquakes. Designing efficiency requires a Direct Displacement Based Design (DDBD) method. In this study, the DDBD method uses pushover analysis on soft first-story buildings without a setback,1-way setback, and 2-way setback. This study aims to obtain the value software's value of displacement, story drift, ductility, plastic hinge response, and performance levels study indicates that the displacement value of the soft first-story building without setback is smaller than the setback building. In addition, the value of displacement and story drift in the setback building with a soft first story is influenced by the small setback area ratio. The highest displacement and story drift values in the X direction are 1-way setback buildings, which are 0.422 m and 0.0147 m, while in the Y-direction, the 2-way setback buildings are 0.44 m and 0.0167 m. The most significant value of actual ductility is a building without setbacks with a soft first-story. The plastic hinge response in all three buildings shows a strong column weak beam. The level of structural performance in all three buildings is at the level of Immediate Occupancy, where the value of the performance level of the FEMA 356 method is greater than the ATC 40 method.

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Guan, Feng, Chuan Xi Zhou, Jian Xu, Bo Zhou, and Xian Zhong Yi. "An Assessment of Carrying Capacity for Substructure of Offshore Modular Drilling Rig." Applied Mechanics and Materials 575 (June 2014): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.521.

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Substructure of offshore modular drilling rig has complex loading. It is necessary that a 3D finite element analysis has been conducted by using finite element software for substructure. The distributions of integrated displacement and stress have been obtained. The results show that the axial strength and stiffness of the substructure are sufficient. The relevant evaluation methods were summarized and integrated into the finite element software, and the command flow program of post-processing is written. Through post-processing graphical display, the carrying capacity of substructure is presented. The results show that the carrying capacity of substructure can meet the requirements in the combination condition which contains the maximum rotary load and the maximum setback load. This research method can provide pertinent reference for carrying capacity assessment of steel structure, and have some practical significance for field operation.

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Qiu, Shuang, Alireza Abbaspourrad, and Olga I. Padilla-Zakour. "Changes in the Glutinous Rice Grain and Physicochemical Properties of Its Starch upon Moderate Treatment with Pulsed Electric Field." Foods 10, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10020395.

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Pulsed electric field (PEF) processing is an emerging non-thermal technology that shows potential to improve food quality and to maintain stability. Glutinous rice is composed mainly of amylopectin and has low amylose content. This study investigated the effect of PEF treatment at 3 kV/cm field strength for 50 to 300 pulses on whole, water-soaked glutinous rice grains. Micro-pores were created at the surface of PEF treated rice grains, increasing grain porosity from 7.3% to 9.8%. Peak viscosity of PEF treated rice flour decreased, and breakdown, final and setback viscosities increased as the number of PEF treating pulses increased, indicating that the swelling degree of rice starch was promoted after PEF treatment. Lower values of gelatinization enthalpy and lower crystalline degree of PEF treated glutinous rice flour were also observed. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies confirmed the secondary structure changes in rice protein and partial gelatinization of rice starch after PEF treatment.

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Ahmed, Shabbir, Muhammad Mushtaq, and Fariha Chauhdari. "A Study of Alienation in Toni Morrison's Love: Poverty, Patriarchal Institution of Marriage and Female Friendship." Journal of English Language, Literature and Education 2, no. 03 (March 29, 2021): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2021.020369.

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This paper analyses the theme of mutual female bonding of black women in Toni Morrison's novel Love (2003). Sisterhood might be a weapon against alienation experienced by black women created by various factors as racial, gender and class injustices. However, this female friendship of black women in Morrison suffers a serious setback and changes into an alienated relationship in the long run because of powerful temptations under the canopy of the patriarchal structure of marriage and class strata. While highlighting the healing power of female companionship which may allow women to survive in the face of challenges and injustices, this study brings forth an argument that this female friendship is ultimately damaged by explicit or implicit patriarchal forces working under the platform of social institutions of marriage and class. Through this failed female friendship, Morrison warns her female readers to be on guard against the omnipresent fatal patriarchal forces in operation against them.

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Journal articles on the topic 'SETBACK STRUCTURE'

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