Academic literature on the topic 'SETBACK STRUCTURE'
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Journal articles on the topic "SETBACK STRUCTURE"
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Shaikh, Sajan, Mir Aftab Hussain Talpur, Farrukh Baig, and Manzoor Ahmed Ogahi. "Setback Violation and Residents’ Perception about Living Conditions in Vertical Buildings of Qasimabad, Hyderabad." Journal of Art Architecture and Built Environment 2, no. 1 (June 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.21.01.
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Setback is a building regulation enforced to regulate spacing between two buildings in order to have adequate solar exposer and ventilation. It is mandatory on the part of every individual who wants to construct a structure to obtain permission from the local authority before its construction. Despite rules and regulations framed for good reasons, instances of violation of development control rules (especially setback rules) are observed in the residential buildings of Qasimabad, Hyderabad. This results in the obstruction of sunlight, poor ventilation and high consumption of energy. It also results in deteriorating living conditions and narrowing of the adjacent local roads and alleys, creating congestion. So, this paper has tried to highlight the violations of setback rules in residential buildings and their impact on living conditions. For the perception of living conditions, a questionnaire survey with the Likert 5-point scale was used. Field survey technique was also carried out to measure the existing setbacks of residential buildings in Qasimabad. Standardized setbacks were determined by applying the formulas and by comparing them with existing setbacks. The comparison shows that existing setbacks are against building bye-laws. Despite discussing all building laws with various development agencies, this research is limited to discussing the setback rules mentioned in National Reference Manual (NRM). The study reveals that those residents who do not have a side setback area are more concerned with their privacy, smoke, sound and darkness; whereas, ineffective lighting, air circulation and the rise of temperature affect the living conditions and result in high energy consumption by residents. The study is imperative because it brings the focus of the development agencies towards the neglect of setback rules in high rise buildings and provides the evidence of their impact on living conditions by measuring residents’ perceptions.
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Maulana, Taufiq Ilham, Badamkhand Enkhtengis, and Taiki Saito. "Proposal of Damage Index Ratio for Low- to Mid-Rise Reinforced Concrete Moment-Resisting Frame with Setback Subjected to Uniaxial Seismic Loading." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 6754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156754.
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A vertical irregularity setback in reinforced concrete (RC) building affects its performance and response especially subjected to earthquake ground motions. It is necessary to understand how the seismic damage is established due to setbacks and avoid damage concentration on the irregularity section. The objective of this study is to propose a formula to estimate the damage distribution along the height of the setback building from a geometric measure of the degree of irregularity. First, previous experimental tests for two types of setback buildings, a towered and a stepped setback frames, were analyzed to verify the accuracy of the frame analysis. The results of the frame analysis considerably matched the experimental test results. Furthermore, to study the relationship between the degree of setback and the distribution of damage, a parametric study was conducted using 35 reinforced concrete setback frames, consisting of models with stepped setback type and towered setback type with different degrees of setback. The inelastic dynamic analyses of all the frames under three earthquake ground motions were conducted. The irregularity indices proposed in literature were adopted to express the degree of setback and the structural damage was expressed by the Park–Ang damage index. Using nonlinear regression analysis, formulas to estimate damage index ratio between two main structure parts (tower and base) from setback indices were proposed. Finally, the proposed formula was applied to the experimental test results to confirm its validity.
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Azodo, Adinife Patrick, Christian Onwubalili, and Tochukwu Canice Mezue. "Assessment of Observed Building Structure Setback of Shops along an Arterial Road and Noise Intrusion Level." Journal of Engineering 25, no. 12 (November 21, 2019): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2019.12.05.
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Roads irrespective of the type have specific standard horizontal distance measured at 90 degrees from a lot boundary to a development known as a setback. Non-observance of the recommended setbacks accommodated in any urban center’s master plan creates noise hazard to the public health and safety as the movement of vehicular traffic is not without the attendant noise. This study assessed noise intrusion level in shops along a section of Ibadan-Abeokuta road with due consideration to compliance with the recommended building structure setback. Analysis of noise descriptors evaluated in this study gave A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level average of 91.3 dBA, the daytime average sound level (LD) 92.27 dBA, traffic noise index (TNI) 41.63 dBA, the noise pollution level (LNP) 85.91 dBA and noise climate (NC) 5.38 dBA. Correlation analysis between the observed setbacks and the noise levels gave an “r” value of -.496 significant at p < .05. The paired t-test analysis showed a mean ± SD difference of 15.90 ± 7.08, and t-value of 32.99, corresponding to a two-tailed p < .05 with 215 degrees of freedom. This implies that there was a significant statistical difference between the noise levels measured at the observed and recommended setbacks
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Arman, Elias G., Remigildus Cornelis, and Tri M. Sir. "Studi Perbandingan Kinerja Sistem Struktur Setback berdasarkan Metode ATC 40, FEMA 356 dan SNI 1726:2012." JURNAL FORUM TEKNIK SIPIL (J-ForTekS) 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/forteks.v1i1.4184.
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The aim of this study was to compare the performance level of the setback structure system and the non-setback structural system using the ATC-40, FEMA 356 and SNI 1726-2012 methods. The non-setback structure have the shortest span of 15 m, the longest span of 20 m and the level of each floor was 3.5 m but the setback structure have setback system on the longest span of 10 m at the 5th and 6th floor level. The results showed that the performance level based on all methods of the sectback structure system is at the immediate occupancy level while the non-setback structure system, based on SNI 1726-2012, the performance level is immediate occupancy for the longest span and the shortest span is damage control. On the other hand, based on the ATC-40 and FEMA 356 methods, the performance level of the non-setback structure is at the immediate occupancy level. Drift on non-setback buildings based on the SNI 1726-2012 method is 0.011, based on the ATC-40 method is 0.007, and based on FEMA 356 is 0.005. Drift on the setback building based on the SNI 1726-2012 method is 0.010, based on the ATC-40 method is 0.006, and based on FEMA 356 is 0.004.
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Reshi, Sameer Ahmad, and Bharmjeet Singh. "A Study on Seismic Response of RCC Buildings on Hill Slopes Using STAAD.Pro." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 2909–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41932.
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Abstract: The majority of India's hilly regions are prone to earthquakes. A building on a steep slope is distinct from other structures. That is to say, structures that are to be constructed on hilly terrain have a higher risk factor of falling prey to seismic activities as compared to their counterparts built on a rather plainer terrain. The numerous floors/storeys of such a structure step back towards the hill slope, and buildings may also have setbacks. As such, the column of a hill structure sits at different heights on the angle of the terrain; its analysis differs from that of buildings on level ground. The current study looked at G+3 and G+4 structures with different slope angles, such as 00 , 7.50 , 150 , 22.50 , and 300 . Both Step back and Step back & set back types of building configurations have been studied in this paper. The earthquake forces are calculated according to IS: 18932002; the structures are situated in seismic zone IV, with a damping ratio of 5%. Linear Static and Linear Dynamic methods were employed to conduct the seismic study. To investigate the influence of shifting column heights in the ground level due to sloping ground, a 3-dimensional analytical model of building plan was created and the same was studied using the structural analysis application "STAAD.Pro." To quantify the effects of diverse sloping terrain, response parameters like top storey displacement, base shear, shear in bottom storey column, and time period were thoroughly studied. It has been discovered that short columns on the elevated side of the terrain/slope experience a greater shear force as compared to columns of increased height on the lower side of the terrain. Under earthquake stresses, Step back & Setback structures showed better resilience to seismic forces as compared to Step back buildings. Step back setback buildings have substantially lower base shear and top floor displacement than setback buildings on sloping land. Keywords: Earthquake, Slope, STAAD.Pro, Step back, Step back & set back
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Thejaswini, R. M., L. Govindaraju, and V. Devaraj. "Experimental and Numerical Studies on Setback Buildings Considering the SSI Effect under Seismic Response." Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 431–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091664.
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From the previous studies it is observed that due to the effect of the earthquake, several irregular buildings failed vulnerably. Further the effect of sub soil conditions where these buildings have been founded also play an important role on the seismic response of these buildings. In the past, experimental studies on the seismic response of different setback building configurations have not been carried out. Therefore, in the present study the seismic behaviour of setback buildings considering Soil Structure Interaction (SSI) has been evaluated by conducting experimental and numerical investigations. Buildings with various setback configurations were considered and are designed as pile foundation supported structures. The irregularity index of these building configurations have been determined as per the existing codal provisions. These piles supported buildings representing the prototype structure have been scaled down according to geometric, kinematic and dynamic scaling laws. The scaled building models are subjected to vibrations beyond resonant frequencies using shake table facility. A comparison of the results has been made between experimental and numerical investigations. Based on the study it has been observed that storey displacements of building with regular configurations are higher in comparison with the setback buildings. It is also found that asymmetrical and symmetrical setback buildings having different irregularity indices as per IS:1893-2016 indicate nearly the same displacements at resonant frequencies. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091664 Full Text: PDF
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Maulana, Taufiq Ilham, Muhammad Ibnu Syamsi, Fanny Monika, and Hakas Prayuda. "The Effect of Span-to-Height Aspect Ratio to The Damage Index Ratio of RC Buildings with Vertical Irregularity Setbacks." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 35, no. 2 (March 30, 2023): 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(2)-25.
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Many type irregularities exist in reinforced concrete frame buildings to accommodate the demand from architectural and aesthetic aspects. One of it is vertical irregularity setback. Its appearance affected the building seismic performance and the damage distribution. Previous researchers proposed equations to correlate between irregularity indices and damage index ratio of setback buildings. However, the aspect ratio between span and height were not included in the formula. This research presents the influence of span-to-height ratio to damage index ratio of the reinforced concrete buildings with setbacks. A set of 2D RC frames having setbacks are evaluated with nonlinear dynamic analyses under three seismic input motions. Several span-to-height aspect ratios were applied by changing the inter-story heights. The Park-Ang damage index was adopted to evaluate the damage index ratio between tower part and base part to represent the damage distribution and the inter-story drifts were observed to represent the building seismic performance. The result showed that under the same earthquake motions, the decrease in span-to-height ratio majorly increased the maximum inter-story drifts. The damage index ratio values between tower part and base part fluctuated, however the similar pattern of damage distributions between tower and base structure were obtained.
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Kawakami, Masayoshi, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, Tomohiro Inoue, Atsuhisa Kajihara, Masaki Fujimoto, and Tadaaki Kirita. "Disk Position and Temporomandibular Joint Structure Associated with Mandibular Setback in Mandibular Asymmetry Patients." Angle Orthodontist 79, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 521–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/040708-199.1.
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Abstract Objective: To determine the changes in articular disk position and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) structure in patients who had an asymmetric setback of the mandible performed by a bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy with manual positioning of the condyle. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion being treated at Nara Medical University Hospital were evaluated using clinical examination and pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance images of their TMJs. Results: Changes in articular disk position after asymmetric setback surgery were not statistically significant, although a tendency of anterior displacement in the fossa was noted. The anterior and posterior joint spaces did not show significant changes, whereas the condyle head of the deviated or contralateral side tended to be positioned downward. Conclusion: The asymmetric setback of the mandible with intraoperative manual positioning of the condyle does not significantly change the disk position in the fossa.
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Bekele, Bereket Netsanet. "Effect Of Vertical Irregularity On Fundamental Period And Stability Of Reinforced Concrete Building." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 24, no. 02 (February 9, 2022): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/22/0172.
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Now a day, many building have not regular configuration both in plan and in elevation due to different functional and aesthetic requirements. Hence, the evaluation of the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete building with plan and elevation irregularity is required. In this study the evaluation of the effect setback irregularity on fundamental and stability of reinforced concrete. The standards used for analysis of base case building and vertical irregular building using response spectrum analysis (RSA) method are adopted according to the provision of ES EN 1998-1:2015. The evaluation of fundamental period and stability based on the value of sensitive inter-story drift were assessed in detail using seven different building. Story eight and Story twelve reinforced concrete building with different setback irregularity were selected and their responses were compared with the ones of a corresponding base case was done using ETABS 2016.1.0 software. The setback of building is formed by the abrupt reduction in different floor area along the height of the building. The fundamental period and stability of setback buildings was found to be significantly different from the base case building, according to the findings of this study. It was discovered that the fundamental period of rigidity irregular buildings is longer than that of equivalent regular buildings. The fundamental period of a setback structure is shorter than that of a comparable regular structure. The findings reveal that the seismic response variation of setback building from the base case is dependent not only on the size of the irregularity, but also on the placement of the irregularity.
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Thi Thu Nga, Nguyen, Ngo Van Thuc, Lam Thanh Quang Khai, and Nguyen Thanh Trung. "The effect of the setback angle on overturning stability of the retaining wall." Transport and Communications Science Journal 72, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47869/tcsj.72.1.8.
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Retaining walls are a relatively common type of protective structure in construction to hold soil behind them. The form of the retaining wall is also relatively diverse with changing setback angle. Design cross-selection of retaining wall virtually ensures the stability of the retaining wall depends on many aspects. It is essential to consider these to bring the overall picture. For this reason, the authors selected a research paper on the influence of the setback angle on the overturning stability of the retaining wall. To evaluate the behavior stability of retaining wall with some key factors having different levels such as setback angle, internal friction angle of the soil, the slope of the backfill is based on the design of the experiment (DOE) with useful statistical analysis tools. These, proposing the necessary technical requirements in choosing significant cross-sections of retaining structure to suit natural terrain and save construction costs, ensure safety for the project.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SETBACK STRUCTURE"
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VISHWAKARMA, ADITYA. "ANALYSIS OF SEISMIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF AN IRREGULARLY PLANNED SETBACK STRUCTURE WITH A SOFT STOREY ON SLOPING TERRAIN AND PLAIN TERRAIN." Thesis, 2023. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/19972.
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The construction of multi-story setback buildings with soft storey, or open ground floor,
is in high demand and becoming more and more popular. This effort decreases the
setback configuration's vertical stability and the lateral load resisting system's rigidity.
When a building is supported on sloping land, there are several possibilities for short
and long columns inside the same structure. During earthquake shaking, all columns
and floor slabs at every level move horizontally by the same amount, which may result
in structural damage. In this study, an attempt is made to examine the seismic
performance of setback buildings standing on flat ground as well as on a slope, with
soft storey layout. ETABS, a widely used software programme, was used to analyse
simple 3-D frames of SETBACK structures. Using the study findings several graphs
were drawn for like base shear, storey drift, storey stiffness, displacement, rotation
about z axis are developed for both terrains i.e. plain and sloping. To create a technical
expertise two identical structure were examined on both terrains. All the modelled
structures with open ground storey have been analysed using two distinct methods:
equivalent static force technique, response spectrum method. To counteract this soft
storey impact and the severe reactions, mitigation approaches have been implemented,
and the most effective of these mitigation techniques is provided.
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Agrawal, Vinay Mohan. "Effect of setback on fundamantal period of RC framed buildings." Thesis, 2013. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/4900/1/211CE2020.pdf.
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Setback buildings with geometric irregularity (both in elevation and plan) are now increasingly encountered in modern urban construction. Setback buildings are characterised by staggered abrupt reductions in floor area along the height of the building, with consequent drops in mass, strength and stiffness. Height-wise changes in stiffness and mass render the dynamic characteristics of these buildings different from the ‘regular’ building. This paper presents the design code perspective of this building category. Almost all the major international design codes recommend dynamic analysis for design of setback buildings with scaled up base shear corresponding to the fundamental period as per the code specified empirical formula. However, the empirical equations of fundamental period given in these codes are a function of building height, which is ambiguous for a setback building. It has been seen from the analysis that the fundamental period of a setback building changes when the configuration of the building changes, even if the overall height remains the same. Based on modal analysis of 90 setback buildings with varying irregularity and height, this study proposes a correction factor to the empirical code formula for fundamental period, to render it applicable for stepped buildings
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Raj, Amit Kumar. "Natural Period Of Setback Buildings -Assessment Of Is 1893: 2016 Guidelines." Thesis, 2018. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/9843/1/2018_MT_AKRaj_216CE2048_Natural.pdf.
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The motion of the ground during earthquake do not damage the building by impact or by any external force, rather it impacts the building by creating an internal inertial forces which is due to vibration of building mass. The magnitude of lateral force due to an earthquake depends mainly on inertial mass, ground acceleration and the dynamic characteristics of the building. To characterize the ground motion and structural behaviour, design codes provide a Response spectrum. Response spectrum conveniently describes the peak responses of structure as a function of natural vibration period. Therefore, it is necessary to study of natural vibration period of building to understand the seismic response of building. The performance of a multi-storey framed structure during earthquake motions totally depends upon stiffness, distribution of masses and strength in both the vertical and horizontal planes of the structure. In multi- storeyed framed structure, damage from earthquake ground motion generally starts at locations of structural weaknesses present in the lateral load resisting frames. Sometimes weakness might be created by discontinuities in strength, stiffness or mass between the adjacent storey. Such discontinuities between storeys are often associated with sudden variations in the frame geometry along the height. There are various examples of collapse of buildings in past earthquakes due to such vertical discontinuities. A common type of vertical geometrical irregularity in building structures arises from abrupt reduction of the lateral dimension of the building at specific levels of the elevation. This type of building is defined as setback. Setback building frame with geometric irregularity (both in elevation and plan) are now increasingly encountered in modern urban construction. changes in stiffness with height and mass render the dynamic characteristics of these buildings different from the ‘regular’ building. Many investigations have been performed to understand the behaviour of irregular structures as well as setback structures and to ascertain method of improving their performance. This study presents the design code perspective of this building category. Almost all the major international design codes recommend dynamic analysis for design of setback buildings with scaled up base shear corresponding to the fundamental period as per the code specified empirical formula. However, the empirical equations of fundamental period given in these codes are a function of building height, which is ambiguous for a setback building. It has been seen from the analysis that the fundamental period of a setback building changes when the configuration of the building changes, even if the overall height remains the same. Based on modal analysis of setback buildings with varying irregularity and height, the goal of this research is to investigate the accuracy of new empirical formula given by code and if required any modification then give a modification factor.
This study shows that it is difficult to quantify the irregularity in a setback building with any single parameter.
Fundamental time periods of setback frames are found to be less than that of regular frame. In the code it is given that fundamental time period of framed structure without infill stiffness only depends on height of building but in actual condition it depends on bay width, irregularity of frame and other structural and geometric parameters.
Books on the topic "SETBACK STRUCTURE"
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Cruden, D. M. Setbacks from slope crests for structures. [Edmonton]: Alberta Municipal Affairs, Innovative Housing Grants Program, 1991.
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Woodhead, Linda. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199687749.003.0001.
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Christianity, one of the world’s most successful religions, has endured over two thousand years and, despite setbacks, has enjoyed its greatest growth and spread in the modern period. The Introduction describes Christianity as a powerful religion that contains vast resources for shaping life and death. It is flexible because it works with abstract concepts along with narratives, symbols, and rituals. But are there limitations to what Christianity can offer an individual? Three main types of Christianity—the Church, Mystical, and Biblical—are distinguished in terms of how they understand and embody authority and power, both human and divine, and how this plays out in their own structures and stances towards wider society.
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Software And Data Technologies First International Conference Icsoft 2006 Setbal Portugal September 1114 2006 Revised Selected Papers. Springer, 2008.
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Dossa, Zahir. Co-operatives: A Development Strategy? Edited by Jonathan Michie, Joseph R. Blasi, and Carlo Borzaga. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684977.013.32.
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The examination of the life cycle, institutional structure, and governance and policy environment of co-operatives in the argan oil sector, in south-west Morocco, outlines the successes and setbacks of the co-operative model as a suitable tool for economic and social development in rural areas. Despite the positive development outcomes argan oil co-operatives attained, they strayed from four basic co-operative tenets: democratic decision-making, equitable profit distribution, open membership, and member education on co-operatives. Starting from this analysis, this chapter argues that the success of argan oil co-operatives is to be attributed to their abandonment of the basic co-operative principles. Furthermore, it seeks to understand the conditions that make co-operatives feasible and effective in particular environments and how co-operatives, or employee-centric firms, can be adapted to their environments, or vice versa, through e-commerce and financial transparency in order to generate economic and social development.
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Barany, Zoltan. Armies of Arabia. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190866204.001.0001.
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In Armies of Arabia—the first book to comprehensively analyze the Gulf monarchies’ militaries—Zoltan Barany explains the conspicuous ineffectiveness of these forces with a combination of political-structural and sociocultural factors. Based on over 150 personal interviews and meticulous multidisciplinary research, he offers a fascinating account of Arabia’s armies starting with Ibn Saud’s conquest of much of the peninsula and ending with the ongoing war in Yemen. He explores the ruling families’ role overseeing their militaries to ensure their loyalty and examines the backgrounds and career trajectories of soldiers and officers. Barany argues that Arabia’s armies remain ineffective because they are characterized by an absence of meritocracy, the domination of personal connections over institutional norms, disregard for personal responsibility, half-hearted leadership, casual work ethic, and training lacking intensity, frequency, and up-to-date settings. Massive expenditures on armaments are primarily payoffs to the United States for protecting them and have resulted in bloated arsenals and large-scale corruption. The setbacks of the Saudi-led coalition’s disastrous war in Yemen starkly illustrate the Gulf armies’ humiliating combat record. The book concludes with thoughts on waste (of human potential, resources, institutions) as a dominant theme of Gulf military affairs, considers likely changes in response to long-term weakening demand for oil, and suggests ways in which the effectiveness of Arabia’s armies could be raised. Chock-full of insights and stories from the field and written with a general audience in mind, Armies of Arabia is essential reading for anyone interested in military affairs and Middle Eastern politics, society, and international relations.
Book chapters on the topic "SETBACK STRUCTURE"
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FitzGerald, Valpy. "Structural Adjustment in the 1980s: Stimulus or Setback for Private Investment in the Industrialisation Process?" In Latin America’s New Insertion in the World Economy, 59–74. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24720-2_4.
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Kirchoff, Bruce. "First principles: explaining science through stories." In Presenting science concisely, 1–7. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789246995.0001.
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Abstract This chapter discusses how to explain science through stories, and how the scientific process is the story in itself. The scientific process has the same structure as a story. The process begins when a scientist finds a problem with existing knowledge. She forms a new hypothesis, generates data, and finally interprets the data and draws conclusions. This process matches the way stories have been told since time immemorial. A character is introduced in the context of the world as it exists (the current state of knowledge). Something happens (conflicting data) that causes them to question that world and changes their goals (the new hypothesis). They set out on an adventure (data collection, testing the hypothesis) with occasional setbacks (problems, unexpected results). Eventually they reach their goal (results) with new knowledge for the world (conclusions and significance). A new synthesis is reached. Existing knowledge is changed. The process begins again. It is a classic story played out in experiments and published in scientific journals.
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Koyasu, Akiko, and Danielly Ramos. "Japan’s Relationship with Portuguese-Speaking Africa: Considering the Future of Brazil–Japan Cooperation." In Brazil—Japan Cooperation: From Complementarity to Shared Value, 113–37. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4029-3_5.
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AbstractJapan and Brazil have built a partnership not only in bilateral and multilateral framework but also in triangular cooperation. In recent years, the term FOIP (Free and Open Indo–Pacific) has been used as the philosophy of Japanese diplomacy. FOIP vision means to achieve peace, stability and prosperity in Asia and African region. Brazil itself is not a direct region for FOIP. But considering the African region is included in FOIP, and for Brazil, Africa is a continent historically and strategically important, Japan’s diplomatic concept, FOIP is not irrelevant to Brazil. To think about the future of Japan–Brazil relations, it is necessary to consider Japan’s African diplomacy in the era of FOIP in order to compare it with Brazil’s African diplomacy. In this article we will especially focus on the Portuguese-speaking African countries. The structure of the article is as follows. First, regarding Japan’s diplomacy with Africa, the philosophy and achievements of TICAD (Tokyo International Conference on African Development) started under the initiative of Japanese government since 1993 will be explained. In considering the future cooperation between Japan and Brazil in Africa, it is also necessary to understand Brazil’s African diplomacy. To that ends, the second part of the article will be the Brazilian diplomatic relations with Africa from the postwar period to the present day. In contrast to the active relations with Africa during the Lula governments, some major setbacks can be seen in the current Bolsonaro administration’s diplomatic relations with Africa. After the characteristics of Japan and Brazil’s diplomacy with Africa have been clarified, in the third part of this article, we will inquire the possibility of further cooperation of Japan and Brazil while looking back on the history and achievements of triangular cooperation between Japan–Brazil, and African countries, especially Mozambique. And we will put some comments as a concluding remark.
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Sengupta, Atanu, and Ujjwal Seth. "Surplus Labour in the Unorganised Sector of India." In Strategic Infrastructure Development for Economic Growth and Social Change, 290–308. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7470-7.ch019.
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Disguised unemployment is the wastage of labour resource of a country. For a country like India that wishes to move towards a fast growth tract, disguised unemployment is a serious setback to the growth path. Several theoretical justifications have been provided to contextualize disguised unemployment. They all assume homogeneous production structure across firms. However, the informal sector in India is a conglomeration of different firm types. In India, the NSSO data subdivided firms into family enterprises (Own Account Enterprises – OAE) and commercially motivated (Establishment). The authors require a theoretical justification following this line. In this chapter, they generalise the argument provided by Georgescu-Roegen (1960) for this purpose. In this chapter, an attempt is made to measure surplus labour in the informal sector of India using NSSO data. For this, the concept of sub-vector efficiency as developed by Ray (2005) is used. The authors calculate surplus labour in OAEs and EST firms separately.
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Tarlau, Rebecca. "Epilogue." In Occupying Schools, Occupying Land, 303–18. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190870324.003.0009.
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The Epilogue reflects on the future of the MST’s political struggle—and that of the Brazilian left more broadly—in the context of the 2016 ousting of the Workers’ Party (PT) from the federal government and the 2018 presidential election of ultra-right conservative Jair Bolsonaro. Although Bolsonaro’s rise to power is a serious setback for the movement, the core argument of the book still holds: the MST’s thirty-five-year strategic engagement with the Brazilian state significantly expanded its internal capacity, including its organizational structure, resource base, and collective leadership, and the movement is unlikely to disappear in the near future. This long march through the institutions was only possible because activists engaged in contentious political mobilization, while also prefiguring their social and economic vision within a variety of state spheres and under a diversity of political regimes. Even in the new political context, activists will be able to defend many of their institutional gains, helping the movement withstand, if not fully deflect, this far-right resurgence.
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Khan, Bilal Ahmad. "State of Economic Growth and Development." In Jammu & Kashmir, 45–72. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849656.003.0002.
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J&K State is lagging behind in diversified economic structure; as such the state economy is mostly dependent on Agriculture sector. Situation is not any better in primary sector where the proportion of net area sown to the total cropped area, average yield per hectare of land, and production of food grains has been stagnant through 80s and much of the 90s. And from the last fifteen years it has been declining. This has created a situation where the imports constitute 80 per cent of the SDP which makes massive leakage effect leading to present crisis. Prior to the turbulent period, the J&K economy was primarily based on agriculture and the service sector was dominated only by tourism. Tourism was identified as the engine of growth and development. However, militant activities since 1989 onwards, there was a colossal setback of it. History bears witness to the fact that whenever and wherever militancy or political instability found roots, the economy of that region became a major causality.
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"Seismic behavior of setback and pyramid-shaped steel moment-resisting frames designed by an energy-based method." In Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas, 525–30. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11396-79.
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Fabbrini, Federico. "The EU beyond the War in Ukraine." In EU Fiscal Capacity, 127–54. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198874225.003.0006.
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Abstract Chapter 6 considers the future of the EU beyond the war in Ukraine, reflecting on the need for a permanent fiscal capacity in the EU in the longer term. The chapter surveys recent advances and setbacks in integration in response to the Russian aggression against Ukraine, and explains these in light of ongoing weaknesses in the EU power structure and financial firepower. To address these, the chapter advances an EU roadmap to safeguard the European economy and strategic autonomy, consolidate a permanent fiscal capacity, and consequentially improve the EU system of governance. As the chapter clarifies, this roadmap aligns with the results of the Conference on the Future of Europe, which has concluded its work with a plea for constitutional reforms. The chapter surveys the Conference’s functioning, final outcome, and follow-up, and maintains that this must lead to treaty revisions to make the EU, and EMU, fit for the geostrategic challenges of the day.
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Craske, Michelle G., David H. Barlow, and Lauren S. Woodard. "Planning for the Future." In Mastery of Your Anxiety and Panic, 119–26. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197608678.003.0006.
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This chapter covers the process of learning how to structure continued practice, ways of maintaining progress, and how to approach high-risk times and manage setbacks. One can use the Your Practice Plan form to list all of the things to be practiced over the next few weeks in terms of breathing skills, thinking skills, facing agoraphobia situations, and facing symptoms. The chapter then looks at several ways to maintain the progress that one has made so far. It is helpful to anticipate the kinds of stressful events one may experience ahead of time and to prepare for them in a matter-of-fact way. A panic attack or resurgence of anxiety does not mean that one is getting worse or that one has lost all of the progress that one has gained. The most important thing to do when one has a flare-up of anxious symptoms is to repeat everything one has already done.
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Michney, Todd M. "Mobility and Insecurity." In Surrogate Suburbs. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631943.003.0006.
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This chapter considers the structural factors and life dilemmas upwardly mobile black Clevelanders faced even after achieving geographic mobility, and explicates the dynamic whereby less-affluent African American families steadily moved into new, outlying black middle-class neighbourhoods. Topics discussed include lending discrimination, the unfavourable financing arrangements available to African American homebuyers and the associated economic setbacks they experienced, the role of black professional real estate brokerage associations, the phenomenon of isolated white families remaining in post-transitional neighbourhoods, and the forces driving lower-income African American families into outlying neighbourhoods, mainly downtown redevelopment and ongoing migration from the American South. It also investigates black middle class notions of status and the intra-racial, cross-class frictions that ensued around issues of property upkeep, personal comportment, child rearing, and leisure-time practices.
Conference papers on the topic "SETBACK STRUCTURE"
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Kumar, Akshay, S. M. Ishtiaque, and K. R. Salhotra. "Compact Spinning: A Critical Review." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55321.
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Compact spinning is a novel concept generated through re-engineering of established ring spinning process by attaching a pneumatic zone to existing ring spinning machine. Compact spinning achieves a remarkable improvement in yarn quality and yarn structure through better utilization of fibre properties. The advantageous yarn characteristics provide better opportunities for cost savings in subsequent processing stages. Another interesting aspect is the possibility of developing new textile products using compact spinning. There are three major manufacturers in the field of compact spinning machines namely, Sussen (Elite spinning), Rieter (Comfor spin), and Zinser (Air-Com- Tex 700). First launch of Elite spinning machine in India faced a setback due to few practical problems like inadequate lubricating film on ring (does not allow the maximum spindle speed to be achieved), higher maintenance cost, higher labour cost and apron clogging due to accumulation of fly. However, with further developments compact spinning will certainly be the future of ring spinning, on account of its higher productivity and yarn quality.
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Muehlner, Edmund, John Murray, Surya Banumurthy, and Chandan Lakhotia. "Comparison Between Numerical Prediction and Model Tests Measurements on the Centerwell Tank of a Radial Wellbay Spar." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83111.
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The radial wellbay (RAW) Spar is, for the most part, based on conventional Truss Spar technology. The primary difference between the RAW Spar and the conventional Truss Spar is the wellbay arrangement. An integral structural component of the RAW Spar is the ABCD (Adjustable Buoyancy Centerwell Device) located in the lower portion of the centerwell. The ABCD is connected to the interior of the hard tank using a number of shear plates. The ABCD captures the buoyancy in the open centerwell and contributes to the total buoyancy of the hard tank. As an option, the ABCD can be used for in-hull storage. On the RAW drilling Spar, the ABCD can be used to support the setback and pipe racking system. Design applications using the ABCD raise an additional requirement in the design of the hard tank, specifically, an accurate estimate of the load in the structure that connects the ABCD to the hard tank. Contributions to this load come from the inertia effect of the Spar motions, hydrostatic responses affected by ballast conditions in the device, and hydrodynamic forces affected by pressure in the riser slot gap. Connection loads are required to design the structure connecting the ABCD to the interior walls of the hard tank. An ABAQUS™ based time domain semi-empirical model was developed to predict the local and global loads on the ABCD. A series of 1:50 scale model tests on the RAW Spar were carried out at the OTRC basin in College Station, Texas. The model’s ABCD, mounted on a dynamometer system inside the hard tank, was used to measure the six-degree-of-freedom forces between the hard tank and the ABCD. The paper focuses on a comparison of the predicted and measured loads.
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Lee, Ming-Chun, and Manasi Bapat. "Second life of great American parking garages: Exploring the potential of adaptive reuse of urban parking structures in the American cities." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5908.
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The structure of American cities has been greatly influenced and transformed with the onset of the car culture and its ever evolving impacts to the everyday life of American people. The early 1900’s experienced a noticeable growth in the demand and need for automobiles resulting in the increasing need for parking spaces in the city. Eventually, multi-level parking garages were built to suffice this requirement of the ever-growing city. However, increase of parking spaces around urban fringes; raise in gas prices; better public transit options in downtown cores; growing public awareness of reducing automobile dependence in order to address issues of sustainability; advancement in autonomous vehicles and demand-based traffic management, all are making existing parking garages obsolete and useless. The era of designing cities as if car access alone was sufficient appears to have ended. An opportunity lies where the existing underused parking garages can be repurposed into residential, entertainment, or work spaces rather than paying up for demolition and construction costs of an altogether new structure. It can be projected that this technical and architectural retrospection of existing parking garages can prove as a catalyst in resolving existing issues of the city. This paper traces past projects that have attempted to convert existing urban parking garages to other uses in North America. It then analyzes their design and construction approaches and discusses the implications of this type of conversion to the urban form of the areas surrounding these projects. Our initial investigation concludes with an analytical framework that includes the following criteria: type of garage structure; vertical circulation and ramp configuration; material and construction method; floor plan arrangement; size in relation to block and street orientation; surrounding area condition in terms of land use and street network. Furthermore, implications of garage conversion to urban form of surroundings can be examined by these measures: remediation of building façade; alternation in setback between public right of way and building footprint; change in active usage along building frontage.
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Mirghaderi, S. Rasoul, Bardia Khafaf, Siamak Epackachi, Adolfo Santini, and Nicola Moraci. "Study on the Response Coefficient of Setback Structures Compared to Regular Moment Frame Structures." In 2008 SEISMIC ENGINEERING CONFERENCE: Commemorating the 1908 Messina and Reggio Calabria Earthquake. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2963719.
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Long, Robert W. "Design and Testing of a Piezoelectrically Driven Airspike System on a .40 Cal Supersonic Projectile." In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-497.
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This paper investigates the feasibility of using a piezoelectrically driven airspike system as a method of flight control on .40 caliber supersonic projectiles. The paper begins with a description of airspikes and a summary of their history in missiles and munitions. The paper then describes the piezoelectric actuation system and models its unloaded characteristics using bending beam theory. When the airspike is deflected, the axial force acting upon the airspike is shifted so that it no longer goes through the center of gravity and creates a pitching moment. This allows the bullet to create a pitching moment which can control the projectile. A basic aerodynamic analysis was done on the projectile, and subsequent wind tunnel tests through Mach 2.5 were done to prove this data. Bench top tests were also done on the system to determine the relationship of voltage to deflection of the airspike. The paper also includes considerations for setback, setforward and balloting. The paper includes a finite element analysis for the setback acceleration. The paper concludes with a system design of a beam rider projectile and simulates the trajectory of the projectile.
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S, Adarsh, and Sajeeb R. "A Review on Seismic Issues and Remedies in High-Rise Structures." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.36.
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The increase in population in urban areas have popularised high rise structures, as a means of accommodating more people in a limited area. The major concerns in the designing and construction of high-rise structures are the safety aspects against wind and earthquake forces, as the collapse of the structure can lead to a disaster. The seismic zoning map of India shows that a large area of India is prone to earthquakes. The growing use of high strength and lightweight materials in high-rise structures makes them more flexible and lightly damped, thereby making these structures more sensitive to dynamic excitations. Presence of irregularities, setbacks, open ground story, weak and soft storeys, also increases the seismic vulnerability of high-rise structures. Vertical ground shaking can be of significant concern in terms of amplification of acceleration along the height of the building, and also, achieving vertical isolation had been challenging as the gravitational load must be sustained by the isolation system. Quasi-Zero stiffness system was found to be effective in vertical isolation of structures. Installing damping devices at optimal locations, base isolation systems, and suitable seismic retrofitting strategies can enhance the seismic performance of structures. This paper reviews the various factors that lead to seismic issues in high-rise structures such as size, shape, configuration, structural aspects, and material properties. The appropriate remedies to address the seismic issues are also reviewed.
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Kildashti, Kamyar, and Rasoul Mirghaderi. "A case study on the seismic performance assessment of the high-rise setback tower in accordance with TBI guidelines." In International Conference on Performance-based and Life-cycle Structural Engineering. School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/uql.2016.637.
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Vicuña, Magdalena. "Intensive residential densification: impact on the urban morphology of Santiago de Chile." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5625.
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Santiago de Chile´s areas of growing centrality are currently under residential densification processes, which vary in degrees of intensity and forms of impact in the urban environment. As a result of a weak conduction of residential densification, the structural-radical transformation of the urban fabric has resulted in urban space degradation. However, residential densification is a form of urban growth that, well designed and planned, allows optimizing infrastructures and building a more complex and inclusive city. This work aims to understand to what extent urban morphology shapes these processes of urban transformation in 15 selected areas of 25 hectares; proposing typologies of residential densification based on the intensity of the process and the state of transformation of the urban fabric. Density (dwellings/hectare) is understood in systemic relation with those parameters that determine urban compactness and configure public space: lot subdvision composition, setbacks, building footprint and height, floor area ratio and mixed use index, among others. The impact of intensive densification on urban space would have three main effects: (1) the standardized tower radically fragments the fabric structure and skyline, to the extent multiple and dispersed vertical operations transform lot geometry, abruptly increase building height and lower land occupation; (2) triggers a "residentialization" effect, unbalancing existing diversity of activities and contributing to undermine urban vitality; and (3) impairs the quality of public space, by introducing exogenous typological elements (such as setbacks) and reducing contact between private space and the street.
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Rastegar, Jahangir, Dake Feng, and Carlos Pereira. "Efficient Methods of Harvesting Energy From Ultra-Short Duration Shock Loading." In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7657.
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Harvesting energy from high-shock pulse events such as those experienced during high velocity impact and firing setback acceleration in munitions using piezoelectric-based harvesters and converting it to usable electrical energy is not new. However, efficient collection of the generated charges and its transfer to an electrical storage device such as a capacitor for pulse events with very short duration, such as those that last a small fraction of a millisecond such as 50–100 microseconds is challenging. Another challenge for such piezoelectric-based harvesters is their hardening to survive high levels of shock loading, sometimes in excess of 100–200,000 Gs. In this paper, the basic design and operation of two such piezoelectric-based energy harvesters and their charge collection and storage electronics are described. The novel methods described are shown to achieve this goal with very high efficiency. The paper also describes the development of test-beds to simulate electrical charge generation of the energy harvesting power sources during high velocity impact and munitions firing for use in the design and evaluation of the developed charge collection and storage electronics.
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Yahya, O. "Aeroponic tower garden solar powered vertical farm." In Advanced Topics in Mechanics of Materials, Structures and Construction. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902592-30.
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Abstract. This review paper is written in order to specifically examine, explore, and evaluate vertical farming (VF) with the application of solar power as the powering sources for the entire farm. Nevertheless, a huge number of 2 billion individual suffers from micronutrient deficiencies and other related major health problems led by it. Moreover, with vertical farming processes we can offer a massive key sustainable food resource along with many advantages compared with horizontal farming (HF) processes, such cutting the need of water up to 95% while providing an efficient use of almost any space and many much more positives that will be discussed. Some positives are eliminating risks of biotic, abiotic, and climate issues. On the other hand, VF known to consume a huge amount annually of power per square meter in farming field of 3500 kW h, which is considered as a major setback for this process. However, with efficient use of green renewable power resources alternatives such solar panels, we are able to cut-down the power consumption dramatically to offer a true sustainable food resource for us and for next generations. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to discuss vertical farming VF using solar power to create a sustainable food resource.