Journal articles on the topic 'Services for immigrants'
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1
Kremel, Anna. "Fulfilling the need of business advisory services among Swedish immigrant entrepreneurs." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 5, no. 3 (November 7, 2016): 343–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-03-2015-0017.
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Purpose Taking the entrepreneur’s perspective and a broad view of business advisory services, the purpose of this paper is to examine to what degree the need of business advisory services among Swedish start-ups, first-generation immigrants compared to non-immigrants, is fulfilled. Design/methodology/approach The sample data consist of a unique and comprehensive firm-level database and contain telephone interviews with 2,800 Swedish start-up entrepreneurs. The study examines 20 different kinds of business advice services, in terms of both need and use. Statistical methods such as Mann-Whitney test and regression analysis are used while controlling for entrepreneurial characteristics. Findings The findings suggest that immigrants’ compared to non-immigrants’ need for business advisory service was not fulfilled. Of the 20 different business advices, ten were fulfilled and ten were not fulfilled. Both strategic advice and operational advice were fulfilled as well as unfulfilled. Apart from ethnicity, other variables did influence the need of business advisory services. Research limitations/implications The author was not able to make comparisons between different immigrant groups. Practical implications This study offers an explorative approach that contributes on how business advisory services are differentially tailored between start-ups by immigrants and those by non-immigrants. It illustrates to what extent public- and/or private-funded organizations contribute to fulfilment of the needs of immigrant and non-immigrant start-ups. Originality/value Few studies take the entrepreneur’s perspective and from such a perspective examine the fulfilment of needs of advice regarding both private and public organizations role in the area. Both the need and the use of business advisory services are studied as well as the kind of business advice that is needed.
2
Kieseppä, Valentina, Minna Torniainen-Holm, Markus Jokela, Jaana Suvisaari, Mika Gissler, Niina Markkula, and Venla Lehti. "Immigrants’ mental health service use compared to that of native Finns: a register study." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 55, no. 4 (September 21, 2019): 487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-019-01774-y.
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Abstract Purpose Many aspects related to migration might predispose immigrants to mental health problems. Yet immigrants have been shown to underuse mental health services. The aim of this study was to compare the intensity of psychiatric care, as an indicator of treatment adequacy, between natives and immigrants living in Finland. Methods We used nationwide register data that included all the immigrants living in Finland at the end of 2010 (n = 185,605) and their matched controls. Only those who had used mental health services were included in the analyses (n = 14,285). We used multinomial logistic regression to predict the categorized treatment intensity by immigrant status, region and country of origin, length of residence, and other background variables. Results Immigrants used mental health services less than Finnish controls and with lower intensity. The length of residence in Finland increased the probability of higher treatment intensity. Immigrants from Eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and Northern Africa were at the highest risk of receiving low-intensity treatment. Conclusions Some immigrant groups seem to persistently receive less psychiatric treatment than Finnish-born controls. Identification of these groups is important and future research is needed to determine the mechanisms behind these patterns.
3
Enekwe, Blessing. "Evaluating Social Services and Refugee Integration in Maryland." Practicing Anthropology 35, no. 4 (September 1, 2013): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.35.4.k70007550215k051.
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As a child of immigrants, I have always been interested in issues facing the foreign-born, particularly to the United States. Being exposed to immigrants from around the world helped me understand the different factors that motivated my parents' migration to the United States while realizing that others throughout the world were also heavily impacted by ineffectual home governments. As I delved into political attitudes, international relations, and public policy, my attention continued to turn back to the ways in which policies and attitudes in the United States affect the lives of immigrants. Identifying aspects of social policy that enhance immigrant life in the United States became central to my research interests.
4
Salami, Bukola, Alleson Mason, Jordana Salma, Sophie Yohani, Maryam Amin, Philomena Okeke-Ihejirika, and Tehseen Ladha. "Access to Healthcare for Immigrant Children in Canada." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (May 10, 2020): 3320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093320.
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Immigrants experience poorer health outcomes than nonimmigrants in Canada for several reasons. A central contributing factor to poor health outcomes for immigrants is access to healthcare. Previous research on access to healthcare for immigrants has largely focused on the experience of immigrant adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate how immigrants access health services for their children in Alberta, Canada. Our study involved a descriptive qualitative design. Upon receiving ethics approval from the University of Alberta Research Ethics Board, we invited immigrant parents to participate in this study. We interviewed 50 immigrant parents, including 17 fathers and 33 mothers. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed according to the themes that emerged. Findings reveal that systemic barriers contributed to challenges in accessing healthcare for immigrant children. Participants identified several of these barriers—namely, system barriers, language and cultural barriers, relationship with health professionals, and financial barriers. These barriers can be addressed by policymakers and service providers by strengthening the diversity of the workforce, addressing income as a social determinant of health, and improving access to language interpretation services.
5
Kerwin, Donald, and Mike Nicholson. "The Effects of Immigration Enforcement on Faith-Based Organizations: An Analysis of the FEER Survey." Journal on Migration and Human Security 7, no. 2 (June 2019): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331502419854103.
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Executive Summary The effects of US immigration enforcement policies on immigrants, US families, and communities have been well documented. Less attention, however, has been paid to their impact on faith-based organizations (FBOs). Faith communities provide a spiritual home, and extensive legal, resettlement, social, health, and educational services, for refugees and immigrants. This report presents the findings of the FEER (Federal Enforcement Effect Research) Survey, which explored the effects of US immigration enforcement policies on immigrant-serving Catholic institutions.1 Many of these institutions arose in response to the needs of previous generations of immigrants and their children (Kerwin and George 2014, 14, 74–75). Most strongly identify with immigrants and have long served as crucial intermediaries between immigrant communities and the broader society (Campos 2014, 149–51).2 During its first two years, the Trump administration has consistently characterized immigrants as criminals, security risks, and an economic burden. Among its policy initiatives, the administration has supported major cuts in family-based immigration, attempted to terminate the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, reduced refugee admissions to historic lows, instituted admission bars on Muslim-majority countries, attempted to strip Temporary Protection Status (TPS) from all but a fraction of its beneficiaries, erected major new barriers to asylum, and proposed new rules regarding the public charge grounds of inadmissibility that would make it more difficult for poor and working-class persons to obtain permanent residence. US immigration enforcement policies have separated children from their parents, criminally prosecuted asylum seekers, expanded detention, increased arrests of noncitizens without criminal records, and militarized the US–Mexico border. These policies have failed to stem the flow of migrants and asylum seekers: instead, these flows have increased dramatically in recent months. These policies have succeeded, however, in devastating children, instilling fear in immigrant communities, blocking access to the US asylum system, and undermining immigrant integration (Kerwin 2018).3 The Federal Enforcement Effect Research (FEER) Survey points to a paradox. On one hand, US enforcement policies have increased the demand for services such as legal screening, representation, naturalization, assistance to unaccompanied minors, and support to the US families of detainees and deportees. Many Catholic institutions have expanded their services to accommodate the increased demand for their services. On the other hand, their work with immigrants has been impeded by federal immigration policies that effectively prevent immigrants from driving, attending gatherings, applying for benefits, and accessing services due to fear that these activities might lead to their deportation or the deportation of a family member. Among other top-line findings, 59 percent of 133 FEER respondents reported that “fear of apprehension or deportation” negatively affected immigrants’ access to their services, and 57 percent of 127 respondents reported that immigrant enforcement very negatively or negatively affected the participation of immigrants in their programs and ministries.
6
Jaraíz Arroyo, Germán, Francisco Caravaca Sánchez, and Auxiliadora González Portillo. "Non-European Immigration, socio-economic benefits and dynamics of inclusion in Spain. Do immigrants consume a disproportionate share of Social Service benefits?" OBETS. Revista de Ciencias Sociales 16, no. 2 (July 28, 2021): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/obets2021.16.2.07.
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The problematisation of migration has intensified in Europe over the last decade, as the Financial Crisis of 2008 dealt a major blow to social welfare instruments. This context has reinforced the idea that immigrants would consume a disproportionate share of socio-economic resources available through social services, thus displacing the local population. This article examines the case of Spain, analysing the dynamics of accessing socioeconomic inclusion policies developed by public Social Services among immigrants and non-immigrants at risk of social exclusion, based on different secondary sources. The paper shows that is there no evidence that social services resources are being displaced for the socio-economic inclusion of the immigrant population.
7
Bäckström, B. "Migrants and Health in Portugal." Health, Culture and Society 7, no. 1 (December 15, 2014): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/hcs.2014.160.
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The aim of this research is to atain knowledge on immigrant´s health related problems and to identify their dificulties when acesing health care services. The article describes immigrant´s dificulties when acesing health care services that are visiting the health ofice at a National Immigrant Support Centre.Design: : A qualitative study was conducted, analysing available documentation and observing the health isues dealt with at the National Immigrant Support Centre’s (CNAI) Health Ofice. The 148 cases are mainly immigrants coming from Portuguese speaking African countries for health purposes. Immigrants from Brazil have more restricted aces, and feel discrimination on the part of the services. Immigrants from Eastern Europe come in search of information and have communication dificulties. Obstacles are related to the lack of knowledge of the law, but also to the failure of puting the law into practice. The ofice has had a great demand of users seeking information and in acesingthe health care system.Results: The cases analysed are mainly nationals from Portuguese Speaking African Countries (PSAC), Brazil and countries in Eastern Europe. The majority of the immigrants coming from PSAC are patients receiving treatment under international Cooperation Agreements requesting financial and social support. Immigrants from Brazil have more restricted aces and feel greater discrimination on the part of the services. New Labour Migrants from Eastern Europe, on the other hand, come in search of information and are known to have communication dificulties.Conclusions: Legislation in Portugal provides aces to health care to al citizens, regardles of their legal condition and origin. However, some immigrants have had significant dificulties with aces to Portugal’s National Health Service. The obstacles are not only related to the lack of legal knowledge, but also to the failure of puting the law into practice, which requires atention by the institutionresponsible for efective and comprehensive coordination. The ofice has had a great demand of users seeking information, who, above al, wish to solve their problems and dificulties in acesing the health care system.
8
Kim, Bok-Tae, and Cheon Geun Choi. "Understanding female marriage immigrants’ participation in economic activities and their working conditions in South Korea." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 27, no. 3 (August 27, 2018): 343–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0117196818793737.
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Using data from the 2012 National Multicultural Family Survey, this study examines various factors that influence female marriage immigrants’ participation in economic activities and their working conditions in South Korea. The results suggest that household characteristics, human capital and social relations–discrimination factors, as well as experience with employment support services, have significant positive effects on female marriage immigrants’ participation in economic activities and their working conditions. While the government’s employment support services positively affect marriage immigrants’ decision to participate in economic activities, they do not contribute toward improving their working conditions. There is a need for governmental employment support services to take specific actions to help improve the working conditions of immigrant women.
9
Nekolová, Katerina, Petra Cernohlávková, Michaela Chržová, Jaroslava Pachlová, and Veronika Váchová. "Immigrants’ attitude to the Czech libraries." New Library World 117, no. 3/4 (March 14, 2016): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nlw-09-2015-0068.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to identify whether or not there is a link between using a library in the country of origin and in the Czech Republic, how immigrants perceive Czech libraries and which are the potential reasons for not using library services. Design/methodology/approach – Authors used seven language mutations of an online questionnaire focused on immigrants living in the Czech Republic. The additional qualitative part consists of semi-structured interviews with eight respondents. Findings – With regard to the results of the study, respondents used libraries in their country of origin more than in the Czech Republic. The immigrants mostly view the Czech libraries positively. One of the principal reasons why the immigrants do not use library services in the Czech Republic is that they obtain literature in alternative ways. Research limitations/implications – The questionnaire distribution was the most difficult part of the whole study because there was no direct way to target the immigrant population. Only limited conclusions can be, therefore, drawn about the immigrant user group in general. The results cannot be considered as representative for all the immigrants living in the Czech Republic. Originality/value – The study’s findings show the immigrants’ behavioural patterns in the libraries and identify reasons why they are not using library services in the Czech context. This study can be used to develop other more comprehensive research in the Czech Republic.
10
Bandelj, Nina, and Christopher W. Gibson. "Contextualizing Anti-Immigrant Attitudes of East Europeans." Review of European Studies 12, no. 3 (August 4, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v12n3p32.
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This paper article examines attitudes toward immigrants by analyzing data from the 2010 and 2016 waves of the EBRD’s Life in Transition Survey among respondents from 16 East European countries. Logistic regressions with clustered standard errors and country fixed effects show significantly higher anti-immigrant sentiments after the 2015 immigration pressures on the European Union borders compared with attitudes in 2010. Almost two thirds of the respondents agreed in 2016 that immigrants represented a burden on the state social services, even when the actual immigrant population in these countries was quite small. In addition, East Europeans expressed greater negative sentiments when the issue of immigration was framed as an economic problem—a burden on state social services—than as a cultural problem—having immigrants as neighbors. On the whole, these results point to the importance of contextualizing anti-immigrant attitudes and understanding the effect of external events and the framing of immigration-related survey questions.
11
Straiton, Melanie Lindsay, Anne Reneflot, and Esperanza Diaz. "Socioeconomic status and primary health service use for mental health problems among immigrants with short and long lengths of stay." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 12, no. 2 (June 13, 2016): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-01-2015-0001.
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Purpose – High socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with better health and lower use of health care services in the general population. Among immigrants, the relationship appears less consistent. The purpose of this paper is to determine if the relationship between income level (a proxy for SES) and use of primary health care services for mental health problems differs for natives and five immigrant groups in Norway. It also explores the moderating effect of length of stay (LoS) among immigrants. Design/methodology/approach – Using data from two registers with national-level coverage, logistic regression analyses with interactions were carried out to determine the association between income level and having used primary health care services for mental health problems. Findings – For Norwegian men and women there was a clear negative relationship between income and service use. Interaction analyses suggested that the relationship differed for all immigrant groups compared with Norwegians. When stratifying by LoS, income was not associated with service use among recently arrived immigrants but was negatively associated among immigrants staying more than two years (with the exception of Pakistani and Iraqi women). Research limitations/implications – Country of origin and LoS should be considered when applying measures of SES in immigrant health research. Social implications – There may be an initial transition period for recently arrived immigrants where competing factors mask the association between SES and service use. Originality/value – This study benefits from nationwide coverage, eliminating self-selection biases. It demonstrates the complexity of the relationship between SES and health care use.
12
Hansen, Stine, K. Bruce Newbold, and Robert Wilton. "Disability and the Use of Support by Immigrants and Canadian Born Population in Canada." Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 7, no. 3 (November 26, 2018): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v7i3.450.
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Immigrants account for a large proportion of Canada’s population. Despite an emphasis on immigrant health issues within the literature, there is surprisingly limited attention given to disability within the immigrant population, although differential prevalence rates between immigrants and the Canadian born population have been noted. The observed differences in prevalence rates by gender and immigrant status raise questions around the use of support services. In this paper, analysis draws on Statistics Canada’s 2006 Participation and Activity Limitation Survey (PALS). A mix of descriptive and multivariate techniques are used to explore who provides support, differences in the use of support between immigrants and the Canadian born and need for additional support. The descriptive results suggest that there was a broad parity in terms of the use of support, with immigrants and Canadian born nearly equally likely to use support. Use of support was also greater amongst those with a more severe disability. Multivariate analysis revealed that particular sub-groups of immigrants, and in particular immigrant females, severely disabled immigrants, and some age, income and educational groups were less likely to use support after controlling for other correlates of use. The difficulties confronted by people with disabilities appear to be magnified within the immigrant community, and particularly amongst sub-groups of the immigrant population.
13
Kapsalis, Constantine. "Fiscal Impact of Recent Immigrants to Canada." Canadian Public Policy 47, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2020-112.
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In a recent report from the Fraser Institute, Grady and Grubel (2015) concluded that, because of the low taxes they pay and the government services they receive, the fiscal burden of recent immigrants to Canada was significant ($5,329 per immigrant in 2010). The present study, however, shows that the fiscal burden is significant only in the case of refugees and sponsored immigrants. By contrast, economic immigrants actually pay more in taxes than they receive in benefits. This is an important finding because economic immigrants are selected primarily on economic grounds, whereas refugees and sponsored immigrants are accepted primarily on humanitarian and compassionate grounds.
14
Schrier, A. C., B. J. M. van de Wetering, P. G. H. Mulder, and J. P. Selten. "Point prevalence of schizophrenia in immigrant groups in Rotterdam: data from outpatient facilities." European Psychiatry 16, no. 3 (April 2001): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(01)00558-2.
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SummaryObjectiveReports of an increased incidence of schizophrenia in some immigrant groups to The Netherlands are based exclusively on hospital data. The aims of our study were: 1) to determine the treated point prevalence of schizophrenia at outpatient mental health services in Rotterdam and to compare the results for immigrants to those for natives; and 2) to compare groups born in The Netherlands and immigrant groups in terms of the proportions of patients with a previous hospital admission.MethodWe included all patients aged between 20 and 64 who were treated for a non-affective psychosis at any of the outpatient mental health services in Rotterdam on October 1, 1994. The mental health professionals responsible reported on the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of each patient.ResultsSeven hundred and thirteen patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (DSM-III-R) were identified (rate: 2.1 per 1000). The (treated) prevalence of schizophrenia in male immigrants from Surinam and Morocco and in female immigrants from Surinam, the Netherlands Antilles and Cape Verde was significantly higher than that in their native-born counterparts (odds ratios between 2 and 3). The (treated) prevalence was not significantly higher in immigrants from Turkey, female immigrants from Morocco or male immigrants from the Antilles. Proportions of patients with a previous hospital admission were similar in each ethnic group (81–93%).ConclusionThese findings are generally in line with earlier studies, based on the Dutch psychiatric registry, which has reported an increase in the (treated) incidence of schizophrenia in immigrants from Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles and in male immigrants from Morocco, and no increase in the (treated) incidence in immigrants from Turkey or female immigrants from Morocco.
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Kerwin, Donald, and Daniela Alulema. "The CRISIS Survey: The Catholic Church's Work with Immigrants in a Period of Crisis." Journal on Migration and Human Security 9, no. 4 (October 5, 2021): 271–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23315024211035726.
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Over the last five years, the Center for Migration Studies of New York (CMS) has conducted four surveys of Catholic immigrant-serving institutions, programs, and ministries in the United States. These surveys identify the multi-faceted needs of immigrants and refugees, and examine the successes and challenges of Catholic institutions in responding to them. CMS administered its most recent survey, the Catholic Refugee and Immigrant Service Integration Survey (the “CRISIS Survey”) from December 14, 2020 through February 5, 2021. This survey explored the work of Catholic institutions during the Trump administration and the COVID-19 pandemic. The CRISIS Survey documents the reach, diversity, and productivity of Catholic institutions that worked with immigrants and refugees during a pandemic that particularly devastated their communities and an administration whose policies and rhetoric made their work far more difficult. At a time of rampant “Catholic decline” narratives, the survey also documents the reach, vitality, and relevance of Catholic immigrant-serving institutions. It identifies the obstacles encountered by immigrants in accessing Catholic programs and ministries — both organizational (funding, staffing, and siting) and exogenous (federal policies, the pandemic, and community opposition). It underscores the threat posed by US immigration policies to immigrants and to the work of Catholic institutions. Survey respondents reported that they offered new services during this period, such as: Financial assistance for families, particularly those at risk of losing housing or utilities. COVID-19 testing, education, contact tracing, and quarantine services. Mental health services. Grief support and assistance with funeral expenses. Delivery of food and sanitation supplies for infected and other homebound persons. Voter registration and Census promotion activities. Virtually all respondents provided services remotely during the pandemic. Many reported on difficulties faced by immigrants in accessing their services, due to poor internet connections, limited computer access, and lack of communications technology and training. Respondents identified several factors that negatively affected immigrants’ access to their services pre-pandemic. As in previous CMS surveys, these factors included lack of immigration status, negative community attitudes toward immigrants, fear of apprehension (particularly after traffic stops) and deportation, public transportation deficiencies, stigma over receipt of mental health services, and identification requirements to access public benefits. Respondents also reported on obstacles in working with immigrants during the pandemic. These included the pandemic itself, limited funding, demand that outpaced resources, government restrictions on relief and benefit eligibility, and (particularly for students) living arrangements, work, and family caretaking responsibilities. Respondents overwhelmingly believed that immigration enforcement, tied to fear of deportation, very negatively or somewhat negatively affected participation in their services and programs. In Catholic terms, they reported that nativist immigration policies, rhetoric, and media sources interfered with their practice of discipleship. One respondent stated, “Fear of ICE and round-ups, locally in our state and nationally, along with negative immigration rhetoric from the out-going president have made our clients very fearful to access services they rightly qualify for.” A healthcare provider reported that immigrants were “avoiding or delaying seeking treatment for COVID-19 for fear of apprehension and/or deportation.” Many said that enforcement partnerships between Immigration and Customs Enforcement and states and localities made immigrants fearful of reporting crimes or accessing government facilities. One said that potential sponsors feared coming forward to reunify with children. Respondents also cited as problems delays in family reunification, barriers to asylum-seekers entering the United States, decreased refugee admissions, and the Trump administration's rule on the public charge ground of inadmissibility. The report recommends that Catholic institutions take stock of the creative new programs, skills and capacities that they have developed during the pandemic and build on them. It also recommends that scholars and researchers prioritize independent, person-centered research that critically analyzes the work of Catholic immigrant-serving institutions. Such research would ask whether these institutions, in the words of Pope Francis, are putting “the person at the center, in his or her many aspects” and honoring the “fundamental equality” of every person. It would draw on the perspectives of immigrants served by Catholic institutions to examine the degree to which these institutions advance the rights, participation, and wellbeing of immigrants and their families in US society. Finally, it would analyze how Catholic institutions work with each other — within Arch/dioceses, regionally, nationally, and across these realms — in response to the cross-cutting needs of immigrants. The report recommends that Catholic institutions develop programmatic plans to ensure that immigrants can return to or can continue to access their programs and ministries as the pandemic subsides. These plans will need to combine communication strategies, financial support, and services such as transportation and childcare. In addition, Catholic institutions should make it a high priority to ensure that immigrants can access the infrastructure, platforms, and training that will allow them to access virtual services. They should also develop strategies to engage Catholics who do not understand, who ignore, or who work at cross-purposes to Catholic teaching and policy positions in this area. Finally, they should redouble their work with the administration and Congress to reform US immigration laws, and with states and localities to promote welcoming and inclusive communities.
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Kluge, U., M. Bogic, W. Devillé, T. Greacen, M. Dauvrin, S. Dias, A. Gaddini, et al. "Health services and the treatment of immigrants: data on service use, interpreting services and immigrant staff members in services across Europe." European Psychiatry 27 (June 2012): S56—S62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(12)75709-7.
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Khvorostianov, Natalia, and Nelly Elias. "‘Leave us alone!’: Representation of social work in the Russian immigrant media in Israel." International Social Work 60, no. 2 (July 9, 2016): 409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872815574131.
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This article examines the representation of social workers in the Russian-language immigrant press in Israel. Social work is a public service that did not exist in the USSR and most Russian immigrants were not familiar with it before immigration. This lack of basic knowledge underscores the importance of reliable representation of this major public service in the immigrant media. Nevertheless, the findings show that by taking the immigrants’ side under any circumstances, while distorting the function of the social work services, the immigrant press fails to fulfill its socialization role and does not facilitate its readers’ integration in their new society.
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Ariton-Gelan, Cristina. "Policies Of Preservation And Protection Of The Culture And Identity Of Immigrants." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2015-0066.
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Abstract This paper addresses the phenomenon of immigrant integration within a community in terms of what is currently called cultural integration, with landmarks such as government policies in the European community and the ways to implement in practice. This theme is approached from two angles: the way in which organizations can provide services that are more accessible to immigrants- and which help increase their sense of belonging and civic participation - which means employment of migrants to participate actively in society. The first angle of approach relates to the ways in which different institutions and organizations involved in the integration of immigrants (by providing social services to them) can develop the latter’s intercultural skills. The second angle of approach concerns the ways in which immigrants and non-immigrants can be mobilized around different facets of active citizenship or around religious dialogue. Realizing a synergy of the two angles of approach in terms of cultural integration of immigrants, an important aspect of this paper is to argue the issue of interpretation of the role of the media in this context.
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Katzmann, Robert A. "When Legal Representation is Deficient: The Challenge of Immigration Cases for the Courts." Daedalus 143, no. 3 (July 2014): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00286.
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When the quality of lawyering is inadequate, courts are frustrated in their adjudicative role. Nowhere is this more apparent than in cases involving immigrants hoping to fend off deportation. As an appellate judge on a court whose immigration docket reached 40 percent of our caseload, I have too often seen deficient legal representation of immigrants. Although courts are reactive, resolving cases before them, judges can systematically promote the fair and effective administration of justice. With the aid of some outstanding legal talent, I created the Study Group on Immigrant Representation to help address the immigrant representation crisis. Our work has encompassed a variety of activities, including: publishing symposia; conducting studies documenting the enormity of the problem and proposing solutions; creating initiatives to expand pro bono representation; facilitating the first local government funding of direct immigrant legal services; creating legal orientation programs for immigrants; and developing the Immigrant Justice Corps, an innovative fellowship program. These initiatives represent some steps towards easing the crisis in immigrant legal representation.
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Devillanova, Carlo, and Tommaso Frattini. "Inequities in immigrants’ access to health care services: disentangling potential barriers." International Journal of Manpower 37, no. 7 (October 3, 2016): 1191–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-08-2015-0114.
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically assess whether immigrants suffer from unequal access to health care services, that add to prevailing socioeconomic barriers to care. Design/methodology/approach Using a uniquely rich Italian health survey, the authors estimate the correlation between immigrant status and the probability of accessing health services, conditional on a rich set of individual and territorial characteristics. Findings Results show that foreigners are more likely to contact emergency services and less likely to visit specialist doctors and use preventive care. Similar results hold for second-generation immigrants. Originality/value The authors discuss the sources of observed inequities and suggest tentative policy implications to promote equal access.
21
Wilson, Fernando A., Yang Wang, and Jim P. Stimpson. "Do Immigrants Underutilize Optometry Services?" Optometry and Vision Science 92, no. 11 (November 2015): 1113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000000710.
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Ye, Jiali, Ruth Shim, Tim Lukaszewski, Karen Yun, Soo Hyun Kim, and George Rust. "Telepsychiatry Services for Korean Immigrants." Telemedicine and e-Health 18, no. 10 (December 2012): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2012.0041.
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Ratnayake, Ayesha, Shahab Sayfi, Luisa Veronis, Sara Torres, Sihyun Baek, and Kevin Pottie. "How Are Non-Medical Settlement Service Organizations Supporting Access to Healthcare and Mental Health Services for Immigrants: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 3616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063616.
Abstract:
Following resettlement in high-income countries, many immigrants and refugees experience barriers to accessing primary healthcare. Local non-medical settlement organizations, such as the Local Immigration Partnerships in Canada, that support immigrant integration, may also support access to mental health and healthcare services for immigrant populations. This scoping review aims to identify and map the types and characteristics of approaches and interventions that immigrant settlement organizations undertake to support access to primary healthcare for clients. We systematically searched MEDLINE, Social Services Abstracts, CINAHL, and PsycInfo databases from 1 May 2013 to 31 May 2021 and mapped research findings using the Social-Ecological Model. The search identified 3299 citations; 10 studies met all inclusion criteria. Results suggest these organizations support access to primary healthcare services, often at the individual, relationship and community level, by collaborating with health sector partners in the community, connecting clients to health services and service providers, advocating for immigrant health, providing educational programming, and initiating community development/mobilization and advocacy activities. Further research is needed to better understand the impact of local non-medical immigrant settlement organizations involved in health care planning and service delivery on reducing barriers to access in order for primary care services to reach marginalized, high-need immigrant populations.
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Aparício, Sandra Lopes, Ivone Duarte, Luísa Castro, and Rui Nunes. "Equity in the Access of Chinese Immigrants to Healthcare Services in Portugal." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 30, 2023): 2442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032442.
Abstract:
International studies indicate that Chinese immigrants face barriers when trying to access healthcare in the host country. The aim of this study was to identify the barriers that Chinese immigrants face when accessing the Portuguese National Health Service. An observational, cross-sectional and quantitative study was carried out via a bilingual Portuguese/Mandarin self-completed paper questionnaire was applied. The study population consisted of individuals with Chinese nationality who were residing in mainland Portugal for at least one year and aged 18 years or over. A total of 304 individuals answered the questionnaire. The results show that 284 (93.4%) of the participants had already sought healthcare in Portugal. The participants identified language difficulties and health professionals’ lack of knowledge of Chinese cultural habits as the most significant barriers to accessing healthcare in Portugal. Of a total of 165 participants who sought healthcare in China, confidence in treatment outcomes and health professionals’ knowledge of Chinese cultural habits were the reasons given by 151 (91.5%) individuals. This study reveals the existence of linguistic and cultural barriers that can condition the access of the Chinese immigrant population to healthcare systems. Immigrants’ access to healthcare can be promoted via policies that contribute to proficiency in the Portuguese language and medical literacy among the Chinese immigrant population. It can also be promoted by raising the awareness of health professionals to Chinese cultural habits.
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Maina, Geoffrey, Ghazal Mousavian, Jordan Sherstobitoff, Rejina Kamrul, Barbara Twum-Antwi, Kennedy Lewis, Francia Malonga, Thea Herzog, Razawa Maroof, and Denis Okinyo-Owiti. "Process and Outcome of Community Engagement Event on Substance Use and Addiction Risks Facing Their Immigrant Communities in Regina, Saskatchewan." Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 17 (January 2023): 117822182211501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11782218221150109.
Abstract:
Canada is a significant destination for immigrants who are drawn from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds some of whom have a hidden risk for substance use disorders due to acculturation stress and are not screened for risks of substance use or addiction when considering medical admissibility. Not surprisingly, healthcare providers in Regina are reporting a noticeable increase in substance use among immigrants. These immigrants experience barriers in seeking substance use prevention and treatment services due to diverse challenges: stigma, shame, and lack of knowledge of existing services. Considering the discussed challenges and risks of substance use disorders in immigrant communities, creating a safe space for discussing these topics is urgent. To understand and address these challenges, a connection grant from the Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation (SHRF) to mobilize immigrant communities in Regina to explore substance use issues and their impact on the community was sought and received. Subsequently, a Zoom knowledge-sharing event brought settlement agency stakeholders together to deliberate issues on substance use and addiction faced by immigrants in Regina, Saskatchewan. The Zoom session included presentations on immigrants and substance use from the clinical, community, and lived experience perspectives of immigrants. Because of the challenges and risks, this community consultation process revealed that acculturation stress and the ease of obtaining socially acceptable substances fuel substance use and addiction among immigrants in Regina; this is further exacerbated by the lack of programming available to prevent and reduce the risks of substance use in this population. A team of knowledge keepers with lived experiences, service providers, and researchers was assembled to explore substance use and addiction among immigrants. This manuscript reports the process of community engagement to identify solutions to this budding issue. The strengths, challenges, and lessons learned are identified.
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Lee, Alison Elizabeth, and María Eugenia D’Aubeterre Buznego. "The COVID-19 Pandemic, the Crisis of Care, and Mexican Immigrants in the United States." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 38, no. 1 (2022): 170–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/msem.2022.38.1.170.
Abstract:
In the transition from Fordist to flexible accumulation in the last decades of the twentieth century, social reproduction was externalized onto families and communities. In the United States, this “crisis of care” was mitigated by the incorporation of illegalized Mexican immigrants’ low-cost reproductive labor in private and public services. From a feminist perspective on social reproduction and migration, we argue that the impacts of the COVID-19 economic crisis on Mexican immigrant communities were related to the specific ways that immigrants’ labor was incorporated into the circuits of social reproduction. Drawing on interviews with migrants from rural central Mexico in the United States, we analyze how immigrants absorbed the worst effects of the crisis by cheapening their labor, transferring unpaid reproductive labor to other household members, and engaging in informalized activities. Anti-immigrant policies exacerbated the precarious situations of undocumented immigrants and mixed-status Mexican families during the pandemic.
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Singh, Gopal K., Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, and Michael D. Kogan. "Immigrant Health Inequalities in the United States: Use of Eight Major National Data Systems." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/512313.
Abstract:
Eight major federal data systems, including the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), National Survey of Children’s Health, National Longitudinal Mortality Study, and American Community Survey, were used to examine health differentials between immigrants and the US-born across the life course. Survival and logistic regression, prevalence, and age-adjusted death rates were used to examine differentials. Although these data systems vary considerably in their coverage of health and behavioral characteristics, ethnic-immigrant groups, and time periods, they all serve as important research databases for understanding the health of US immigrants. The NVSS and NHIS, the two most important data systems, include a wide range of health variables and many racial/ethnic and immigrant groups. Immigrants live 3.4 years longer than the US-born, with a life expectancy ranging from 83.0 years for Asian/Pacific Islander immigrants to 69.2 years for US-born blacks. Overall, immigrants have better infant, child, and adult health and lower disability and mortality rates than the US-born, with immigrant health patterns varying across racial/ethnic groups. Immigrant children and adults, however, fare substantially worse than the US-born in health insurance coverage and access to preventive health services. Suggestions and new directions are offered for improvements in health monitoring and for strengthening and developing databases for immigrant health assessment in the USA.
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Perreira, Krista M., and Juan M. Pedroza. "Policies of Exclusion: Implications for the Health of Immigrants and Their Children." Annual Review of Public Health 40, no. 1 (April 2019): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-044115.
Abstract:
Public policies play a crucial role in shaping how immigrants adapt to life in the United States. Federal, state, and local laws and administrative practices impact immigrants’ access to education, health insurance and medical care, cash assistance, food assistance, and other vital services. Additionally, immigration enforcement activities have substantial effects on immigrants’ health and participation in public programs, as well as effects on immigrants’ families. This review summarizes the growing literature on the consequences of public policies for immigrants’ health. Some policies are inclusive and promote immigrants’ adaptation to the United States, whereas other policies are exclusionary and restrict immigrants’ access to public programs as well as educational and economic opportunities. We explore the strategies that researchers have employed to tease out these effects, the methodological challenges of undertaking such studies, their varying impacts on immigrant health, and steps that can be undertaken to improve the health of immigrants and their families.
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Sainsbury, Diane. "Policy constructions, immigrants’ social rights and gender: The case of Swedish childcare policies." Journal of European Social Policy 29, no. 2 (April 26, 2018): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928718762311.
Abstract:
This article explores how policy constructions shape policy outcomes for immigrant women and men, focusing on two Swedish childcare policies: (1) parental leave and (2) childcare services. It sheds light on the dynamics between policy constructions and (1) the gender differentiation in immigrants’ social entitlements, (2) the gender differentiation in social entitlements of the Swedish-born population and (3) differences and similarities between the two. Among the major findings is that the universal construction of childcare services and parental insurance promotes parity in immigrant and Swedish-born parents’ utilization. Immigrant families have high enrolment rates in childcare programmes and their rates approach or equal those of non-immigrant families. In the case of parental benefits, over 40 percent of immigrant mothers would be ineligible without the universal construction, and a huge immigrant/ethnic divide in entitlement would exist. Second, a gender differentiation characterizes the claiming of parental benefits, and the differentiation is sharper for immigrant parents. Third, the ethnicity benefit differential is much wider for mothers’ parental leave benefits than for fathers’ benefits. Fourth, despite universal policy constructions, immigrants’ weaker attachment to the labour market affects their social rights, and the effect is greater for immigrant women.
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Sung, JiSu. "What Limits Access to Speech-Language Pathology Services in the Asian Elderly Community?" Perspectives on Gerontology 19, no. 3 (September 2014): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/gero19.3.87.
Abstract:
It is well known that the culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) immigrant population in the United States is increasing. One of the subgroups, the Asian foreign-born elderly, comprises 15 percent of Asian immigrants and is rapidly growing (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). The increasing number of Asian and other immigrants results in greater demand for research sensitive to cross-cultural issues. Issues related to serving CLD children and poor access to general medical services among minority individuals with limited English proficiency (LEP) have been broadly discussed. However, the understanding of CLD elderly clients with communication disorders and the disparity in access to specialized services, including speech-language pathology, have not been systematically studied. This fast growth in numbers of older Asian immigrants means speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are increasingly likely to encounter elderly clients of Asian heritage. Thus, all SLPs should be aware of potential challenges faced by this ethnic group, including cultural and linguistic barriers. In addition, there are other factors that may limit this population's access to speech-language pathology services: negative attitudes toward speech disorders and treatment, poor acknowledgment of the significance of speech-language pathology services, extremely limited numbers of SLPs with proficiency in Asian languages, and culturally and linguistically inappropriate interpreter services. The purpose of this article is to discuss how these components may impede timely access to speech-language pathology services in the Asian older immigrant population. This article will also show how SLPs can collaborate with Asian communities in order to facilitate culturally and linguistically sensitive services. In addition, as a clinician of Korean heritage, I provide anecdotal evidence based on my experience working with Asian elderly patients.
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Chavez, Leo R., F. Allan Hubbell, Shiraz I. Mishra, and R. Burciaga Valdez. "Undocumented Latina Immigrants in Orange County, California: A Comparative Analysis." International Migration Review 31, no. 1 (March 1997): 88–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839703100105.
Abstract:
This article examines a unique data set randomly collected from Latinas (including 160 undocumented immigrants) and non-Hispanic white women in Orange County, California, including undocumented and documented Latina immigrants, Latina citizens, and non-Hispanic white women. Our survey suggests that undocumented Latinas are younger than documented Latinas, and immigrant Latinas are generally younger than U.S.-citizen Latinas and Anglo women. Undocumented and documented Latinas work in menial service sector jobs, often in domestic services. Most do not have job-related benefits such as medical insurance. Despite low incomes and likelihood of having children under age 18 living with them, their use of public assistance was low. Undocumented and documented Latina immigrants lived in households that often contained extended family members; they were more likely than other women in the study to lack a regular source of health care, to utilize health clinics, public health centers, and hospital emergency rooms rather than private physicians or HMOs, and to underutilize preventative cancer screening services. Despite their immigration status, undocumented Latina immigrants often viewed themselves as part of a community in the United States, which significantly influenced their intentions to stay in the United States. Contrary to much of the recent public policy debate over immigration, we did not find that social services influenced Latina immigrants’ intentions to stay in the United States.
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Brown, R. Khari, Angela Kaiser, Lara Rusch, and Ronald E. Brown. "Immigrant-Conscious Congregations: Race, Ethnicity, and the Rejection of Anti-Immigrant Frames." Politics and Religion 10, no. 04 (August 14, 2017): 887–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048317000475.
Abstract:
Abstract Using data collected between 2004 and 2008 from the National Politics Studies, this study explores the impact of race on the likelihood of attending worship settings that provide supportive services for and preach sermons about immigrants. It also considers the degree to which attending such worship settings associate with the perceptions that Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics hold of immigrants. We find that while Hispanics are more likely than Whites and Blacks to attend such “immigrant-conscious” congregations, attending such congregations more strongly correlates with Whites rejecting anti-immigrant frames and accepting positive frames than is the case for Blacks and Hispanics.
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Cortés, Patricia, and José Tessada. "Low-Skilled Immigration and the Labor Supply of Highly Skilled Women." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 88–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.3.3.88.
Abstract:
Low-skilled immigrants represent a significant fraction of employment in services that are close substitutes of household production. This paper studies whether the increased supply of low-skilled immigrants has led high-skilled women, who have the highest opportunity cost of time, to change their time-use decisions. Exploiting cross-city variation in immigrant concentration, we find that low-skilled immigration increases average hours of market work and the probability of working long hours of women at the top quartile of the wage distribution. Consistently, we find that women in this group decrease the time they spend in household work and increase expenditures on housekeeping services. (JEL J16, J22, J24, J61)
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Min, Pyong Gap. "The Structure and Social Functions of Korean Immigrant Churches in the United States." International Migration Review 26, no. 4 (December 1992): 1370–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839202600413.
Abstract:
A vast majority of Korean immigrants in the United States are affiliated with ethnic churches. Korean ethnic churches serve important social functions for Korean church members and the Korean community as a whole. This article has two major objectives. First, it provides descriptive information on the structure of Korean immigrant churches in the United States. More importantly, it systematically analyzes social functions of Korean immigrant churches. The article focuses on four major social functions: 1) providing fellowship for Korean immigrants; 2) maintaining the Korean cultural tradition; 3) providing social services for church members and the Korean community as a whole; and 4) providing social status and positions for Korean adult immigrants. Interviews with 131 Korean head pastors in New York City are the major data source for this study.
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Ahmed, Saba, Adina Appelbaum, and Rachel Jordan. "The Human Cost of IIRIRA —Stories from Individuals Impacted by the Immigration Detention System." Journal on Migration and Human Security 5, no. 1 (March 2017): 194–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/233150241700500110.
Abstract:
The 1996 passage of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) has had a devastating impact on immigrants who are detained, indigent, and forced to face deportation proceedings without representation (pro se). In the past 20 years, immigration detention has grown exponentially and a criminal–immigration detention–deportation pipeline has developed as a central function of the immigration system. Despite the growing specter of the “criminal alien” in the American psyche, there is little public knowledge or scrutiny of the vast immigration detention and deportation machine. Enforcement of IIRIRA has effectively erased human stories and narrowed immigration debates to numbers and statistics. The five vignettes below tell the stories of individuals who have personally experienced the impact of IIRIRA. Part 1 describes the on-the-ground reality of a state public defender's obligations and struggles to defend immigrants from harsh consequences of criminal convictions. Part 2 provides the perspective of an indigent immigrant fighting his deportation pro se. Part 3 describes a nonprofit immigration attorney's challenges in providing legal services to detained immigrants. Part 4 is a glimpse into the brisk pace of an immigration judge's detained docket. Part 5 tells the story of a detained immigrant's family member and the many hoops she must jump through to ensure he has a fighting chance in immigration court. Collectively, these vignettes provide a realistic picture of the immigration detention experience, revealing the human cost of IIRIRA.
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Berg, A. O., K. Leopold, S. Zarafonitis-Müller, M. Nerhus, L. H. Stouten, A. Bechdolf, and I. Melle. "Improving outcomes: Factors influencing help-seeking behaviors in immigrants and ethnic minorities with first-episode psychosis." Die Psychiatrie 13, no. 03 (July 2016): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1672286.
Abstract:
Summary Background: Immigrants have increased risk of a poor recovery from first episode psychosis (FEP). Early treatment can improve prognosis, but having an immigrant background may influence pathways to care. Method: We present research of service use and factors influencing treatment outcome in immigrants with FEP. Service use was assessed in in-patients at an early intervention center in Berlin, Germany. Duration of untreated psychosis and beliefs about illness was assessed in a FEP study in Oslo, Norway and cognitive functioning in patients with FEP schizophrenia from the regular mental health services in The Hague, the Netherlands. The proportion of immigrants in Berlin and Oslo was at level with the local populations, while the proportion in The Hague appeared to be higher. Result: There were clear indications that mental health literacy, probably based in different cultural expectations, were lower in first generation immigrants (FGI). Findings regarding clinical insight were ambiguous. There were also indications that FGI had more cognitive problems, based in higher stress levels or in cognitive styles. Early psychosis services must take issues of immigration and ethnicity into consideration.
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Malone, Mary Fran T. "Fearing the “Nicas”: Perceptions of Immigrants and Policy Choices in Costa Rica." Latin American Politics and Society 61, no. 1 (December 17, 2018): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lap.2018.57.
Abstract:
AbstractDo attitudes toward immigrants shape public policy preferences? To answer this question, this article analyzes a prominent example of South-South migration: the Nicaraguan immigrant community in Costa Rica. Over the past two decades, Costa Rica has experienced extensive socioeconomic changes, and Nicaraguans have been frequent scapegoats for the fears and worries generated by these changes. Relying on the 2014 AmericasBarometer survey, this analysis finds that respondents who perceive immigrants as an economic threat are significantly more supportive of punitive crime control policies. Attitudes toward immigrants were also significantly linked to support for government policies to reduce income inequality. However, given the historically strong support for the Costa Rican social welfare state, attitudes toward immigrants did not significantly affect support for government services.
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Davis, Martha F. "The Limits of Local Sanctuary Initiatives for Immigrants." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 690, no. 1 (July 2020): 100–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716220931423.
Abstract:
In recent years, many local governments in the United States have declared themselves to be sanctuaries, welcoming jurisdictions, safe cities, or cities of refuge for immigrants. At the same time, federal rhetoric and associated national laws—which have legal precedence over local immigration policies—have shifted in anti-immigrant directions. These developments raise questions about whether and how local sanctuary policies affect immigrants’ lives, including their feelings of fear, their access to local services, and their interactions with law enforcement. This article draws on existing studies and new interview data from a pilot study of two sanctuary cities, Boston and Seattle, to evaluate the impacts of municipal sanctuary policies for immigrants, including their potential influences on immigrant and refugee integration. I also explore policy approaches that might enhance these policies’ effectiveness in achieving their supporters’ stated goals.
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Kim, Kyungrae, and Cheonghwan Park. "Migrant Buddhists and Korean “Multiculturalism”—A Brief Survey of the Issues Surrounding Support for South Korea’s Immigrant Buddhist Communities." Religions 11, no. 12 (November 24, 2020): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11120628.
Abstract:
The three largest Korean religious organizations have worked to provide material, educational, medical, and social support to the various growing migrant communities. Among them, the Catholic community has been the most organized, sustained, and effective in its support of migrants by systematically providing for the legal, material, educational, and medical needs of various immigrant communities while advocating for their rights. Although lacking the centralized authority and organization of the Catholics, since the 1990s, Korea’s Protestants have also been active in supporting their country’s growing immigrant communities, which Evangelical churches also view as fertile grounds for proselytizing. The Korean Buddhist community, in comparison, has been slower to engage with Korea’s immigrants and has provided considerably fewer support services. In 2008, the Jogye Order organized the Maha Association for Supporting Immigrants to coordinate individual and localized Buddhist migrant support services at a national level. This article examines the Buddhist reactions to the increase in South Korean immigration over recent decades, with a focus on immigrant-support efforts supported by the Jogye Order for migrant Buddhist communities.
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Ahmad, Sajjad, and Keith S. Dobson. "Providing Psychological Services to Immigrant Children: Challenges and Potential Solutions." Clinical and Counselling Psychology Review 1, no. 2 (December 2019): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/ccpr.12.04.
Abstract:
Canada is a diverse and multicultural country. More than one fifth of Canadians are foreign-born individuals from over 200 countries (Statistics Canada, 2017a). Whereas diversity and official multiculturalism makes Canada attractive for immigrants, the newcomers nonetheless face challenges in the areas of settlement, employment, and access to mental health services. These challenges are particularly acute for immigrant children. This article describes four major challenges related to the provision of psychological services to immigrant children and suggests potential solutions for each of these four challenges. The article concludes with the suggestion of a multilevel approach to address these challenges, and the collaborative inclusion of relevant stakeholders.
41
Salami, Bukola, Jordana Salma, and Kathleen Hegadoren. "Access and utilization of mental health services for immigrants and refugees: Perspectives of immigrant service providers." International Journal of Mental Health Nursing 28, no. 1 (July 9, 2018): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/inm.12512.
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Mallet, Marie L., Rocío Calvo, and Mary C. Waters. "“I Don’t Belong Anymore”: Undocumented Latino Immigrants Encounter Social Services in the United States." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 39, no. 3 (July 18, 2017): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986317718530.
Abstract:
As undocumented Latino immigrants transition into adulthood, they also transition into illegality. They move from a somewhat protected status under which they had access to education and other social benefits, to the more vulnerable category of undocumented adults without access to social rights. How undocumented immigrants’ interactions with social services contribute to the formation of their ethnic identity and feelings of belonging to the United States is the focus of this research. Drawing on qualitative interview data from undocumented adults who grew up in the United States, this article shows that as undocumented children transition into adulthood, they face a new system that forces them to learn how to become an immigrant if they want to remain part of American society.
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Whitley, Rob, Laurence J. Kirmayer, and Danielle Groleau. "Understanding Immigrants' Reluctance to Use Mental Health Services: A Qualitative Study from Montreal." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 51, no. 4 (March 2006): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370605100401.
Abstract:
Objective: Studies suggest that non-European immigrants to Canada tend to under use mental health services, compared with Canadian-born people. Social, cultural, religious, linguistic, geographic, and economic variables may contribute to this underuse. This paper explores the reasons for underuse of conventional mental health services in a community sample of immigrants with identified emotional and somatic symptoms. Method: Fifteen West Indian immigrants in Montreal with somatic symptoms and (or) emotional distress, not currently using mental health services, participated in a face-to-face in-depth interview exploring health care use. Interviews were analyzed thematically to discern common factors explaining reluctance to use services. Results: Across participants' narratives, we identified 3 significant factors explaining their reluctance to use mental health services. First, there was a perceived overwillingness of doctors to rely on pharmaceutical medications as interventions. Second, participants perceived a dismissive attitude and lack of time from physicians in previous encounters that deterred their use of current health service. Third, many participants reported a belief in the curative power of nonmedical interventions, most notably God and to a lesser extent, traditional folk medicine. Conclusion: The above factors may highlight important areas for intervention to reduce disparities in immigrant use of mental health care. We present our framework as a model, grounded in empirical data, that further research can explore.
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Ndou, Nthomeni Dora, Azwihangwisi Helen Mavhandu-Mudzusi, Mesgane Girmai Asgedom, and Rafiat Anokwuru. "Healthcare Services Utilisation by Eritrean Immigrants in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 27, no. 1 (December 16, 2020): 194–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02701005.
Abstract:
Abstract Immigrants in the United States of America (usa) face challenges regarding the utilisation of healthcare services. Issues include difficulty to access healthcare services. Qualitative descriptive phenomenological design was used in the analysis. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview format with eight conveniently selected Eritrean immigrants living in Indianapolis. Data were analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis Framework for data analysis. The findings indicate that the cultural beliefs, socioeconomic status, immigration status of Eritrean emigrants and the policies related to financing healthcare services for migrants in Indianapolis have a huge impact on determining the utilisation of healthcare services by Eritrean immigrants in Indianapolis. It is concluded that there is limited access by Eritrean immigrants in Indianapolis to healthcare services. There is a need for policy revision regarding the financing of healthcare services for immigrants and the provision of services to improve access and accommodate cultural diversity.
45
Karapetyan, Lilit, Om Dawani, and Heather S. Laird-Fick. "End-of-Life Care for an Undocumented Mexican Immigrant." Journal of Palliative Care 33, no. 2 (March 7, 2018): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0825859718759818.
Abstract:
The immigrant population in the United States has grown over the past years. Undocumented immigrants account for 14.6% of the uninsured population in the United States. Decisions about end-of-life treatment are often difficult to reach in the best of situations. We present a 43-year-old undocumented Mexican female immigrant with metastatic sarcomatoid squamous cell cervical cancer and discuss the barriers that she faced during her treatment. Limited English proficiency, living below the poverty line, low level of education, and lack access to Medicare, Medicaid, or other insurance coverage under the Affordable Care Act are major causes of decreased health-care access and service utilization by the immigrant population. Latinos are less likely to be referred to hospice by oncologists, and nearly a third of hospice agencies offer limited or no services to undocumented immigrants. Undocumented immigrants with terminal diagnoses generally do not have access to comprehensive or multidisciplinary follow-up treatment. Instead, one of their few options is to return to their home countries without any long-term treatment. This article discusses the many barriers and proposes areas for reform.
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Rucci, P., A. Piazza, E. Perrone, I. Tarricone, R. Maisto, I. Donegani, V. Spigonardo, D. Berardi, M. P. Fantini, and A. Fioritti. "Disparities in mental health care provision to immigrants with severe mental illness in Italy." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 24, no. 4 (April 30, 2014): 342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796014000250.
Abstract:
Aim.To determine whether disparities exist in mental health care provision to immigrants and Italian citizens with severe mental illness in Bologna, Italy.Methods.Records of prevalent cases on 31/12/2010 with severe mental illness and ≥1 contact with Community Mental Health Centers in 2011 were extracted from the mental health information system. Logistic and Poisson regressions were carried out to estimate the probability of receiving rehabilitation, residential or inpatient care, the intensity of outpatient treatments and the duration of hospitalisations and residential care for immigrant patients compared to Italians, adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates.Results.The study population included 8602 Italian and 388 immigrant patients. Immigrants were significantly younger, more likely to be married and living with people other than their original family and had a shorter duration of contact with mental health services. The percentages of patients receiving psychosocial rehabilitation, admitted to hospital wards or to residential facilities were similar between Italians and immigrants. The number of interventions was higher for Italians. Admissions to acute wards or residential facilities were significantly longer for Italians. Moreover, immigrants received significantly more group rehabilitation interventions, while more social support individual interventions were provided to Italians.Conclusions.The probability of receiving any mental health intervention is similar between immigrants and Italians, but the number of interventions and the duration of admissions are lower for immigrants. Data from mental health information system should be integrated with qualitative data on unmet needs from the immigrants' perspective to inform mental health care programmes and policies.
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Kastrup, M. C., and M. Schouler-Ocak. "Refugees and asylum seekers in Europe." Die Psychiatrie 12, no. 04 (October 2015): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1669606.
Abstract:
Summary Background: European countries are the main receiving countries of immigrants such as refugees and asylum seekers belonging to ethnic minority groups due to a global increase in social and political instability as well as socio-economic conflicts. Both the number of ethnic minority groups and the number of people with mental disorders are therefore growing significantly. The current healthcare services are not prepared for this specific population of mentally ill immigrants or ethnic minority groups. Mental health care for immigrant patients is lacking in cultural competence and legislation related to access to and utilisation of health services varies from country to country. Aim: This article attempts to give an overview of the current mental health situation of ethnic minority groups, especially refugees and asylum seekers, in Europe.
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Zartaloudi, A. "Accessibility of migrants to mental health services." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.374.
Abstract:
Introduction Cultural barriers and prejudices of mental healthcare professionals may promote inequalities in the provision of care to immigrant population and have a negative impact in provided service quality. Objectives To identify barriers and facilitators of immigrants’ accessibility to mental health services. Methods A literature review has been made through PubMed database. Results Immigrants’ accessibility to mental health services may be related to social insurance problems, inadequate knowledge about their health rights, inadequate knowledge of the local language, as well as the bureaucracy of Greek State which may complicate mental health examination and treatment. The challenges faced by mental healthcare professionals in terms of diagnosis and treatment of migrants include communication difficulties due to linguistic and cultural differences as far as verbal presentation of symptoms and illness behavior is concerned. Culturally competent mental health professionals should work to erase racism and prejudice, to be familiar with cultural issues and have adequate knowledge related to cultural groups, to learn the life story of each patient separately and encourage patients to explain how their illness affects their lives, promoting a trustful communication environment in the context of healthcare provision. Conclusions Exploring the specific needs of migrants as well as assessing the degree of satisfaction from their access to healthcare services are essential to providing integrated mental health care for people from different culture. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Cho, Hyemin, Yumin Lee, and Sunmee Jang. "Experience and Perception of Immigrants on Drug Use and Services of Pharmacists." Yakhak Hoeji 66, no. 5 (October 31, 2022): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17480/psk.2022.66.5.255.
Abstract:
Pharmacy utilization among immigrants in Korea is increasing amid the rapidly rising number of immigrants living in the country. However, few studies have investigated immigrants’ pharmacy utilization. This qualitative study used group interviews to explore immigrants’ experiences and perceptions of drug use and pharmacist services in Korea. The study participants consisted of 30 immigrants who had lived in Incheon and Gyeonggi for at least one year and had used pharmacies. The analysis results are grouped under three themes: “Reasons for visiting and selecting a pharmacy,” “Experience and perception of pharmacy and pharmacists’ services,” and “Experience and perception of taking medicine.” Our study shows that immigrants in Korea face language barriers when visiting pharmacies and struggle with Korea’s prescription-dispensing systems, forcing them to rely on their home country communities. However, immigrants who build a relationship of trust with a certain pharmacy tend to visit it regularly. Therefore, Korean pharmacists must strive to build good relationships with immigrants in order to help them adapt to Korea’s healthcare system.
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Brito, Dalila, Idalina Vilela, and Noemia Bessa Vilela. "Legal Aspects of the Safety of Healthcare Professionals Working with Migrants." Medicine, Law & Society 10, no. 1 (April 24, 2017): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/24637955.10.1.71-83(2017).
Abstract:
The coexistence of multiple cultures is a challenge that requires behavioral changes for the health professionals, in particular nurses. This work’s objective was to understand the factors and beliefs that influence the demand for health care from immigrants in the Porto metropolitan area (Portugal), and their accessibility to the health services. We developed an exploratory-descriptive qualitative study. We obtained the data through semi-structured interviews of eleven Ukrainian residents of the Porto metropolitan area. We used the twelve cultural domains of Purnell. Sampling was non-probability, of convenience and in “snowball”. Participants were required to give their free and informed consent. The results indicated some difficulties accessing health care due to inefficient communication, resulting from the language barrier and/or of different interpretations, and the disarticulation between the different immigrant support services. This study allowed the implementation of strategies designed to promote health care directed to immigrants, taking into consideration the diversity and vulnerability when accessing health services.