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Chicherov, Denis. "ANALYSIS OF METHODS TO INCREASE QOE PARAMETERS FOR VIDEO STREAMING SERVICES." SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 10, no. 2 (2024): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2024-10-2-28-36.
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Video streaming services represent a new generation of television (DTV), which have become an integral part of modern digital culture. With the development of Internet technologies and the spread of broadband access, video streaming has become a popular and convenient way to consume multimedia content. Unlike traditional television, video streaming services provide the user with the ability to choose content, watch it at a convenient time and on different devices, which leads to new challenges and opportunities in improving the quality of user experience (QoE). One of the key elements that determine the quality of a video streaming service is the operator's transmission equipment and platform servers. These components provide content streaming over the Internet and affect such parameters as download speed, data stream stability and playback quality. Efficient management and optimization of the transmission equipment and servers can reduce latency, improve video quality and provide smoother streaming of content to end users. This research project aims to analyze methods for improving QoE parameters for video streaming services to better understand how technologies, algorithms and strategies can be applied to optimise the user experience in this new type of digital content. By considering factors such as video quality, adaptive streaming, traffic management, and many others, we aim to highlight key aspects that contribute to improving QoE and providing a more satisfactory user experience in video streaming services.
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Chen, Liang, Yipeng Zhou, and Dah Ming Chiu. "Smart Streaming for Online Video Services." IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 17, no. 4 (April 2015): 485–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2015.2405343.
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Kouno, Shouji, and Haruhisa Hasegawa. "Traffic Management of Video Streaming Services." NTT Technical Review 11, no. 11 (November 2013): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53829/ntr201311fa3.
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Shin, Yongje, Hyunseok Choi, Youngju Nam, and Euisin Lee. "Video Packet Distribution Scheme for Multimedia Streaming Services in VANETs." Sensors 21, no. 21 (November 5, 2021): 7368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217368.
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By leveraging the development of mobile communication technologies and due to the increased capabilities of mobile devices, mobile multimedia services have gained prominence for supporting high-quality video streaming services. In vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), high-quality video streaming services are focused on providing safety and infotainment applications to vehicles on the roads. Video streaming data require elastic and continuous video packet distributions to vehicles to present interactive real-time views of meaningful scenarios on the road. However, the high mobility of vehicles is one of the fundamental and important challenging issues for video streaming services in VANETs. Nevertheless, previous studies neither dealt with suitable data caching for supporting the mobility of vehicles nor provided appropriate seamless packet forwarding for ensuring the quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE) of real-time video streaming services. To address this problem, this paper proposes a video packet distribution scheme named Clone, which integrates vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications to disseminate video packets for video streaming services in VANETs. First, an indicator called current network quality information (CNQI) is defined to measure the feature of data forwarding of each node to its neighbor nodes in terms of data delivery ratio and delay. Based on the CNQI value of each node and the trajectory of the destination vehicle, access points called clones are selected to cache video data packets from data sources. Subsequently, packet distribution optimization is conducted to determine the number of video packets to cache in each clone. Finally, data delivery synchronization is established to support seamless streaming data delivery from a clone to the destination vehicle. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves high-quality video streaming services in terms of QoS and QoE compared with existing schemes.
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Li, Mingfu, Chien-Lin Yeh, and Shao-Yu Lu. "Real-Time QoE Monitoring System for Video Streaming Services with Adaptive Media Playout." International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 2018 (February 15, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2619438.
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Quality of Experience (QoE) of video streaming services has been attracting more and more attention recently. Therefore, in this work we designed and implemented a real-time QoE monitoring system for streaming services with Adaptive Media Playout (AMP), which was implemented into the VideoLAN Client (VLC) media player to dynamically adjust the playout rate of videos according to the buffer fullness of the client buffer. The QoE monitoring system reports the QoE of streaming services in real time so that network/content providers can monitor the qualities of their services and resolve troubles immediately whenever their subscribers encounter them. Several experiments including wired and wireless streaming were conducted to show the effectiveness of the implemented AMP and QoE monitoring system. Experimental results demonstrate that AMP significantly improves the QoE of streaming services according to the Mean Opinion Score (MOS) estimated by our developed program. Additionally, some challenging issues in wireless streaming have been easily identified using the developed QoE monitoring system.
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Azevedo, Carlos Henrique Almeida José e. "Regulation of Subscription-based Video Streaming Over-The-Top platforms in Brazil." Law, State and Telecommunications Review 12, no. 2 (October 12, 2020): 133–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/lstr.v12i2.34715.
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Purpose ”“ This paper proposes an enforced self-regulation model for the regulation of video streaming OTT services in Brazil. The proposed model seeks to presents itself as an alternative to the existing regulatory asymmetry in which Cable TV and its similar are regulated through Law no. 12,485 while Video Streaming OTT services are provided to the public without any regulatory burden.
Methodology ”“ Through a literature review of the Responsive Regulation Theory, this paper presents a proposed model to the regulation of Video Streaming OTT platforms in Brazil based on the enforced self-regulation model as described by Ayres and Braithwaite.
Findings ”“ Considering the Brazilian legal environment and the successful use of negotional legal tools, an enforced self-regulation model for Video Streaming OTTs arises as a feasible alternative for the current regulatory asymmetry between such services and Cable TV.
Originality ”“ In an unprecedented manner in Brazil, this paper proposes an enforced self-regulation model as an alternative to the regulation of video streaming OTT services in Brazil. The relevance of such research lays upon the notorious success of such platforms in the Brazilian market and upon the current worldwide debate on the regulation of OTT services.
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Yamagishi, Kazuhisa, and Akira Takahashi. "Quality Estimation Technique for Video Streaming Services." NTT Technical Review 15, no. 2 (February 2017): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53829/ntr201702gls.
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Liu, Peng, Jongwon Yoon, Ha Ryung Kim, and Suman Banerjee. "VideoCoreCluster: Energy-Efficient, Low-Cost, and Hardware-Assisted Video Transcoding System." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (June 5, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7470234.
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Video streaming is one of the killer applications in recent years. Video transcoding plays an important role in the video streaming service to cope with the various purposes. Specifically, content owners and publishers heavily utilize video transcoders to reconfigure source video in a variety of formats, video qualities, and bitrate to provide end users with the best possible quality of service. In this paper, we present VideoCoreCluster, a low-cost and energy-efficient transcoder cluster that is suitable for live streaming services. We designed and implemented real-time video transcoder cluster using cheap ($35), powerful, and energy-efficient Raspberry Pi. The quality of transcoded video provided by VideoCoreCluster is similar to the best software-based video transcoder while consuming significantly less energy (<3 W). We have proposed a scheduling algorithm based on priority of video stream and transcoding capacity. Our cluster manager provides reliable and scalable streaming services, because it uses the characteristics of adaptive bitrate scheme. We have deployed our transcoding cluster to provide IP-based TV streaming services on our university campus.
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Gaustad, Terje. "How streaming services make cinema more important." Nordic Journal of Media Studies 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/njms-2019-0005.
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AbstractThe technocultural disruption triggered by digitization has radically changed the way in which we consume films outside cinemas and transformed content providers’ business models. In Norway, between 2010 and 2016, DVD/Bluray and subscription-based streaming services switched places as major and minor platforms for home video consumption. Hence, home video consumption has migrated from a high-yielding platform at the head of the home video release cycle to a low-yielding platform at the tail end, where films also face tougher competition from drama series and international content tends to surpass local content. A case study of the earnings generated by local films released by a major distributor in this period suggests that home video revenues have diminished, making local films much more dependent on theatrical revenues and vulnerable to changes in cinema-going behaviour.
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Lee, Sangwon, Seonmi Lee, Hyemin Joo, and Yoonjae Nam. "Examining Factors Influencing Early Paid Over-The-Top Video Streaming Market Growth: A Cross-Country Empirical Study." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 5702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105702.
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This study examines the factors influencing early paid Over-The-Top (OTT) video streaming market growth in 50 countries. The results of the panel data analysis suggest that Netflix’s market entry, traditional pay TV market size, broadband infrastructure, and OTT platform competition contribute to the early market growth of paid OTT video streaming services, such as subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) services. The results also reveal that the traditional pay TV subscription market and the paid OTT video streaming market initially grow together in many countries. However, the findings also reveal a negative association between the market entry of Netflix and the subscription revenue growth rate of traditional pay TV services. The results of this study suggest industry and policy implications for paid OTT video streaming market growth and the sustainable development of the media industry.
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Grove, Tara Murray. "Academic Library Video Services: Charting a Post-COVID Course." Pennsylvania Libraries: Research & Practice 9, no. 2 (December 6, 2021): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/palrap.2021.262.
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The vast majority of academic libraries offer streaming video services to support teaching and research, and demand for this already popular format from faculty and students increased when libraries closed their physical locations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite its popularity, many users are unfamiliar with copyright and terms of use for video content. Use of streaming video is further complicated by its availability on a variety of platforms using different licensing models. This case study shows how the Penn State University Libraries (PSUL) helped librarians, faculty, and students navigate access to video content for remote instruction during the pandemic. The examples of training library staff, educating faculty and students, and streamlining internal processes can be adapted by all academic libraries to provide greater access to video content. Demand for streaming video will continue even when libraries return to full in-person operations, so these approaches will continue to be relevant.
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Zalatnay, Zsolt, Csaba Simon, Markosz Maliosz, and Balázs Terza. "Managing Streaming Services in a Distributed Testbed." MACRo 2015 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/macro-2015-0022.
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AbstractControlling the nodes in a distributed networking environment is not a trivial task, because there is no central entity that is aware of all the details. In this paper we present a solution that solves this issue in a testbed dedicated to research the streaming video distribution among mobile nodes. We designed a peer-to-peer overlay to support the control functions. We implement network coding function in the nodes, making possible to apply it to the video stream, increasing the robustness of the streaming service. We present the prototype of our solution and the performance evaluation of the service.
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Urata, Yuichiro, Masanori Koike, Kazuhisa Yamagishi, Noritsugu Egi, and Jun Okamoto. "Extension of ITU-T P.1203 model to Tile-based Omnidirectional Video Streaming." Electronic Imaging 2021, no. 11 (January 18, 2021): 161–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2021.11.hvei-161.
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Omnidirectional video (ODV) streaming has become widespread. Since the data size of ODV is extremely large, tilebased streaming has been developed to compress the data. In this coding technology, high-quality tiles encoded at a higher bitrate for the users’ viewing direction and low-quality tiles encoded at a lower bitrate for the whole environment are sent to the client, and a player decodes these tiles. As a result, quality degrades due to coding, streaming, and the client’s buffer. Therefore, to provide high-quality tile-based ODV streaming services, qualityof- experience needs to be monitored by comprehensively evaluating the quality degradations. By taking into account the quality degradation due to the low-quality tiles, the ITU-T Recommendation P.1203 model, which can be used for monitoring the quality of 2D video streaming services, is extended to tile-based ODV streaming services. Our model is demonstrated to estimate quality with sufficiently high accuracy.
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Raden Roro Shinta Felisia. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FILM GENRES’ TRANSLATION MEANING BETWEEN TWO STREAMING VIDEO SERVICES." International Journal Multidisciplinary Science 2, no. 3 (October 13, 2023): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.56127/ijml.v2i3.1198.
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In recent years, video streaming services have received positive responses. They have language settings for their services, respectively. In video streaming services, subscribers can choose their preferred languages. Those who choose Indonesian can find the interface in Indonesian. The researcher decides to conduct a comparative analysis of the translation meaning of film genres between two streaming video services. The result is that there are similarities and a difference in the translation meaning of film genres. The similarities include six pairs of translation conveying the conceptual meaning. Meanwhile, the difference is found in one pair of translations conveying different types of meaning: one is reflective meaning, and the other is conceptual meaning. Hence, this research is expected to enrich the translation analysis.
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Saputri, Nanda, Nurliani Nurliani, Muhammad Nasir, and Ilham Safar. "Analisis Kualitas pada Video Streaming Pembelajaran Menggunakan Metode Differentiated Service." Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Software Engineering (J-AISE) 3, no. 1 (May 30, 2023): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/jaise.v3i1.4184.
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Video streaming adalah teknologi yang memungkinkan pengguna untuk menonton dan melihat video melalui internet secara real-time, tanpa perlu mengunduh seluruh file video sebelum diputar. Ini telah menjadi sangat populer karena kenyamanan dan aksesibilitasnya. Namun layanan streaming video juga memiliki permasalahan dalam pengaksesan layanan, yaitu gangguan seperti video yang tertunda (Delay) dan paket loss. Hal tersebut dapat mempengaruhi penuruan kualitas video pada client. Sehingga dibutuhkan jaminan kualitas yang harus dipenuhi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut agar dapat memberikan layanan yang baik untuk performa dari kualitas streaming video. Penelitian ini diselesaikan dengan membangun server streaming menggunakan web server NGINX. Pada optimasi kualitas video digunakan metode Differentiated services. Differentiated Services (DiffServ) adalah teknik yang digunakan dalam jaringan komputer untuk memberikan diferensiasi kualitas layanan (QoS) untuk berbagai jenis lalu lintas jaringan. Ini bertujuan untuk memprioritaskan dan mengelola berbagai jenis lalu lintas berdasarkan kebutuhan spesifik. DiffServ sangat penting dalam mengelola kemacetan jaringan dan memastikan lalu lintas penting, seperti aplikasi real-time seperti streaming video dan VoIP, menerima sumber daya yang diperlukan untuk performa optimal. Metode tersebut akan diterapkan melalui mikrotik router yang dihubungkan ke alamat server. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, dapat diperoleh hasil bahwa penerapan Differentiated Service dapat diterapkan dengan baik untuk memberi prioritas terhadap layanan tertentu. Hasil pengukuran berdasarkan parameter QoS diperoleh bahwa rata-rata nilai Throughput sebesar 2198 kbps, nilai Delay sebesar 2,36 ms, nilai Packet Loss sebesar 0%, dan nilai Jitter sebesar 0,35 ms. Dengan diterapkannya metode Differentiated Service terjadi peningkatan lebih baik terhadap nilai pada setiap parameter QoS.Kata kunci— Differentiated Service, Streaming, Video Pembelajaran, QoS.AbstractVideo streaming is a technology that allows users to watch and view videos over the internet in real-time, without the need to download the entire video file before playing it. It has become very popular because of its convenience and accessibility. However, video streaming services also have problems accessing services, namely interruptions such as video delays and packet loss. This can affect the decrease in video quality on the client. So that a quality guarantee is needed that must be met to overcome these problems so that they can provide good service for the performance of streaming video quality. This research was completed by building a streaming server using the NGINX web server. In optimizing video quality, the Differentiated services method is used. Differentiated Services (DiffServ) is a technique used in computer networks to provide differentiated quality of service (QoS) for different types of network traffic. It aims to prioritize and manage different types of traffic based on specific needs. DiffServ is critical in managing network congestion and ensuring critical traffic, such as real-time applications such as video streaming and VoIP, is receiving the resources it needs for optimal performance.This method will be implemented through a proxy router that is addressed to the server. Results Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the implementation of Differentiated Service can be applied properly to give priority to certain services. The measurement results based on the QoS parameter show that the average Throughput value is 2198 kbps, the Delay value is 2.36 ms, the Packet Loss value is 0%, and the Jitter value is 0.35 ms. The implementation of Differentiated Service gives a better increase in the value of each QoS parameter.Keywords— Differentiated Service, Streaming, Learning Video, QoS.
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Gang, Hui-Seon, Goo-Rak Kwon, and Jae-Young Pyun. "Network-Aware Reference Frame Control for Error-Resilient H.264/AVC Video Streaming Service." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9076086.
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To provide high-quality video streaming services in a mobile communication network, a large bandwidth and reliable channel conditions are required. However, mobile communication services still encounter limited bandwidth and varying channel conditions. The streaming video system compresses video with motion estimation and compensation using multiple reference frames. The multiple reference frame structure can reduce the compressed bit rate of video; however, it can also cause significant error propagation when the video in the channel is damaged. Even though the streaming video system includes error-resilience tools to mitigate quality degradation, error propagation is inevitable because all errors can not be refreshed under the multiple reference frame structure. In this paper, a new network-aware error-resilient streaming video system is introduced. The proposed system can mitigate error propagation by controlling the number of reference frames based on channel status. The performance enhancement is demonstrated by comparing the proposed method to the conventional streaming system using static number of reference frames.
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Ciancia, Mariana, and Giulio Interlandi. "Enactive Experience for Streaming Media Services." Interactive Film & Media Journal 2, no. 3 (June 23, 2022): 142–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32920/ifmj.v2i3.1514.
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Since the beginning of humankind, storytelling enabled people to understand and shape their impressions of reality. Depicted by Walter R. Fisher, the narrative paradigm encounters the ubiquitous computing dimension, as proposed by Mark Weiser (Fisher 1984, Weiser 1991), that results in the interdisciplinary field of Interactive Digital Narrative (IDN). Departing from the first text-based experimentation in the late 1970s, IDN can be considered a vibrant field wherein different forms of interactive artifacts derived such as Hypertext Fiction, Interactive Installations, Video Game Narrative (Koenitz et al. 2015), and Enactive Cinema (Tikka 2006, 2008). IDN presents a field of inquiry prevailing for over three decades, but the question remains: is it supposed to be strictly entertainment or something else? In response, this paper explores the possibility of implementing an enactive paradigm to design a tailored experience for streaming media services, thus proposing a conceptual, methodological framework for designing a system to be prototyped and tested in accompanying research.
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Ruan, Jinjia, and Dongliang Xie. "A Survey on QoE-Oriented VR Video Streaming: Some Research Issues and Challenges." Electronics 10, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 2155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10172155.
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With the advent of the information age, VR video streaming services have emerged in large numbers in scenarios such as immersive entertainment, smart education, and the Internet of Vehicles. People are also demanding an increasing number of virtual-reality (VR) services, and service providers must ensure a good user experience. Therefore, the quality of the VR user’s experience is receiving increasing attention from academia and industry. The review in this paper focuses on a comprehensive summary of the current state of quality-of-experience (QoE) technologies applied to VR video streaming. First, we review the main influencing factors of QoE and VR video streaming. Second, the user QoE for VR evaluation is discussed. Third, the modeling of QoE for VR video streaming, the QoE-oriented VR optimization problem, and enabling techniques of machine learning for VR video streaming improvement are summarized. Lastly, we present current challenges and possible future research directions.
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Patel, Ujas, Sudeep Tanwar, and Anuja Nair. "Performance Analysis of Video On-demand and Live Video Streaming using Cloud based Services." Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience 21, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 479–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.12694/scpe.v21i3.1764.
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The advent of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) has brought a revolutionary change coined as a mixture of information, communication, computation, and control. With applications in smart grid, health monitoring, automatic avionics, distributed robotics, etc., CPS is currently an area of attention among the academia and industry. The advancement of mobile communications and embedded technology has made it possible to build large scale CPS consisting of the interconnection of mobile phones. These devices collect information about the surrounding environment at any time anywhere basis through real-time video capture. Video streaming has proven to be a massive industry that is growing rapidly playing an important role in everyday life. Customer-driven approach wanting best experience with quality has to be the core offering of contemporary scenario. Video streaming is categorized into Video-On-Demand Streaming (VoDS) and Live Video Streaming (LVS) showing the current state-of-art opportunities. Many diverse applications of video streaming are military video surveillance using drones, live sports match player face recognition, on-demand video characters recognition, movie summarization like identifying parts of the movie which are viewed many times by different users, movie and series recognition, motion detection, gesture recognition, image segmentation, etc. This paper introduces an approach to develop video analysis on VoD and LVS using cloud-based services and analyzes the impact of Quality of Experience (QoE), cost, and bandwidth on the cloud. To achieve the best user experience for video streaming and video analysis, Content Delivery Network (CDN) offers the best QoE at various analyzed locations using various cloud providers like Amazon Web Services (AWS) CloudFront, Google Cloud CDN, Azure CDN, Akamai CDN, etc.
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Nafeh, Majd, Arash Bozorgchenani, and Daniele Tarchi. "Joint Scalable Video Coding and Transcoding Solutions for Fog-Computing-Assisted DASH Video Applications." Future Internet 14, no. 9 (September 17, 2022): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi14090268.
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Video streaming solutions have increased their importance in the last decade, enabling video on demand (VoD) services. Among several innovative services, 5G and Beyond 5G (B5G) systems consider the possibility of providing VoD-based solutions for surveillance applications, citizen information and e-tourism applications, to name a few. Although the majority of the implemented solutions resort to a centralized cloud-based approach, the interest in edge/fog-based approaches is increasing. Fog-based VoD services result in fulfilling the stringent low-latency requirement of 5G and B5G networks. In the following, by resorting to the Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) technique, we design a video-segment deployment algorithm for streaming services in a fog computing environment. In particular, by exploiting the inherent adaptation of the DASH approach, we embed in the system a joint transcoding and scalable video coding (SVC) approach able to deploy at run-time the video segments upon the user’s request. With this in mind, two algorithms have been developed aiming at maximizing the marginal gain with respect to a pre-defined delay threshold and enabling video quality downgrade for faster video deployment. Numerical results demonstrate that by effectively mapping the video segments, it is possible to minimize the streaming latency while maximising the users’ target video quality.
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Muhammad Yaqoub, Zhang Jingwu, Zhang Xuyao, and Raheela Firdous. "Future of Video Streaming Platforms and Mainstream Cinema: A Case Study of Fujian Province, China." Journal of Peace, Development & Communication V06, no. 02 (May 31, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36968/jpdc-v06-i02-01.
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The pandemic has dramatically changed the current film-viewing landscape from cinema to streaming services. Video streaming platforms (VSPs) are hailed as the future of the Chinese Film & Entertainment industry. The COVID protocols, such as biometric surveillance and quarantine-driven isolation after a coronavirus scare, forced the cinema-goers to stay safe at home and enjoy the films, web series, and shows on mini-screen. In the time of streaming services, the cinema theatre is grappling with doing business. This study explores post-pandemic prospects, explaining why movie-lovers access and prefer to video streaming services and how these digital platforms are replacing big screens. The study reveals that most respondents use the VSPs on their smartphones and laptops to watch films. These platforms suspicion the cinema-goers to visit the cinema to watch the films even though they do not think that the future is only on video streaming platforms. Easy to access, various genres, cheaper, and user-friendly factors make VSPs popular among the audience. Keywords: China; Mainstream cinema; Pandemic; Viewership; Mini screen
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Shaout, Adnan, and Brennan Crispin. "Streaming Video Classification Using Machine Learning." International Arab Journal of Information Technology 17, no. 4A (July 7, 2020): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.34028/iajit/17/4a/13.
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This paper presents a method using neural networks and Markov Decision Process (MDP) to identify the source and class of video streaming services. The paper presents the design and implementation of an end-to-end pipeline for training and classifying a machine learning system that can take in packets collected over a network interface and classify the data stream as belonging to one of five streaming video services: You Tube, You Tube TV, Netflix, Amazon Prime, or HBO
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Ferawati, Kiki, and Sa'idah Zahrotul Jannah. "Classification of Tweets for Video Streaming Services’ Content Recommendation on Twitter." Indonesian Journal of Applied Statistics 4, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/ijas.v4i1.49051.
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<p>Streaming services were popular platforms often visited by internet users. However, the abundance of content can be confusing for its users, prompting them to look for a recommendation from other people. Some of the users looked for content to enjoy with the help of Twitter. However, there were irrelevant tweets shown in the results, showing sentences not related at all to the content in the streaming services platform. This study addressed the classification of relevant and irrelevant tweets for streaming services’ content recommendation using random forests and the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The result showed that the CNN performed better in the test set with higher accuracy of 94% but slower in running time compared to the random forest. There were indeed distinctive characteristics between the two categories of the tweets. Finally, based on the resulting classification, users could identify the right words to use and avoid while searching on Twitter.</p><strong>Keywords: </strong>text mining, streaming services, classification, random forest, CNN
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Paudyal, Pradip, Yiwei Liu, Federica Battisti, and Marco Carli. "Video Quality of Experience metric for streaming services." Electronic Imaging 2016, no. 15 (February 14, 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2016.15.ipas-197.
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Zhang, F., J. Macnicol, M. R. Pickering, M. R. Frater, and J. F. Arnold. "Efficient Streaming Packet Video Over Differentiated Services Networks." IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 8, no. 5 (October 2006): 1005–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2006.879865.
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Torres Vega, Maria, Cristian Perra, and Antonio Liotta. "Resilience of Video Streaming Services to Network Impairments." IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 64, no. 2 (June 2018): 220–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbc.2017.2781125.
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Song, Jiarun, Fuzheng Yang, and Wei Zhang. "Initial Perceived Quality Evaluation for Video Streaming Services." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 62265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2916192.
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.M, Resmi A., and R. Manicka Chezian. "Lightweight Authentication Scheme for Live Video Streaming Security." International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 6, no. 7 (June 29, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i7.191.
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The majority of the traffic in the internet is dedicated to video streaming and its applications. Content Network Networks are good enough in live video streaming. But, implementing live video streaming is not an easy task. Delivery of live video streams can be complicated because of the variety of platforms, network types and streaming formats competing in today's online media services. Every user’s expecting reliable high quality performance with data availability using heterogeneous choices. And it is now tougher than ever to ensure an agreeable, problem less viewing experience on live streaming. Another problem of video streaming is handling security issues, which need fast verification and effective attack resistance. CDN suffers from various security issues, here, a new prototype to perform secure content delivery especially on live video streaming. A lightweight video streaming authentication technique is developed, this authenticates and transmits the data and eliminates the unauthorized access.
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Widyantara, I. Made Oka, Muhammad Audy Bazly, and Ngurah Indra ER. "ADAPTIVE STREAMING OVER HTTP (DASH) UNTUK APLIKASI VIDEO STREAMING." Majalah Ilmiah Teknologi Elektro 14, no. 2 (December 30, 2015): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mite.2015.v14i02p04.
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This paper aims to analyze Internet-based streaming video service in the communication media with variable bit rates. The proposed scheme on Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) using the internet network that adapts to the protocol Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP). DASH technology allows a video in the video segmentation into several packages that will distreamingkan. DASH initial stage is to compress the video source to lower the bit rate video codec uses H.26. Video compressed further in the segmentation using MP4Box generates streaming packets with the specified duration. These packages are assembled into packets in a streaming media format Presentation Description (MPD) or known as MPEG-DASH. Streaming video format MPEG-DASH run on a platform with the player bitdash teritegrasi bitcoin. With this scheme, the video will have several variants of the bit rates that gave rise to the concept of scalability of streaming video services on the client side. The main target of the mechanism is smooth the MPEG-DASH streaming video display on the client. The simulation results show that the scheme based scalable video streaming MPEG-DASH able to improve the quality of image display on the client side, where the procedure bufering videos can be made constant and fine for the duration of video views
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Sousa, Rubenilson de, Leonardo Cristian, Leonel Feitosa, Eunmi Choi, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Dugki Min, and Francisco Airton Silva. "Performability Evaluation and Sensitivity Analysis of a Video Streaming on Demand Architecture." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13020998.
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In urban air mobility (UAM), video streaming platforms have gained significant attention from media companies due to their growing necessity for on-demand video streaming services-as-you-go in flights. Video streaming services can provide constant data transactions in a huge amount, especially in its operational digital twin (ODT). As a result, the ability to provide a satisfactory user experience through video streaming platforms is critical and complex. This requires continuously operating services while handling numerous user requests for near real-time video streaming. At the same time, high-quality video with high resolution and minimal interruptions is often expected. Therefore, the availability and performance (i.e., performability) of the Back-End video streaming infrastructure are crucial parameters for these platforms. However, evaluating novel video-on-demand architectures in real-world scenarios can be costly due to the numerous parameters involved. Analytical models, such as stochastic Petri nets (SPNs), can serve as an alternative in this complex scenario as they can be used to analyze systems during the design process. In this study, we developed a set of SPN models to assess the performance of a video-on-demand system. These models were designed to illustrate and to evaluate a video-on-demand architecture while considering performance. We had a base SPN model as well as three enhanced variants available. The extended models were generated using the Design of Experiments (DoE) technique and sensitivity analysis results. The DoE identified the factors with the greatest impacts on performance, and the most significant factor interactions. Redundancy strategies were applied to the extended models to increase the availability of the most important components. This redundancy increased the availability of “9 s” from three to five. It is worth noting that this study can help the designers of video streaming systems, to plan and to optimize their ideas based on the provided models.
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Hwang, Sun-Hong, Ga-Yeong Kim, Su-Hwan Myeong, Tai-Sic Yun, Seung-Min Yoon, Tai-Ho Kim, and Ieck-Chae Euom. "Vulnerabilities of Live-Streaming Services in Korea." Sensors 22, no. 10 (May 15, 2022): 3766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22103766.
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Recently, the number of users and the demand for live-streaming services have increased. This has exponentially increased the traffic to such services, and live-streaming service platforms in Korea use a grid computing system that distributes traffic to users and reduces traffic loads. However, ensuring security with a grid computing system is difficult because the system exchanges general user traffic in a peer-to-peer (P2P) manner instead of receiving data from an authenticated server. Therefore, in this study, to explore the vulnerabilities of a grid computing system, we investigated a vulnerability discovery framework that involves a three-step analysis process and eight detailed activities. Four types of zero-day vulnerabilities, namely video stealing, information disclosure, denial of service, and remote code execution, were derived by analyzing a live-streaming platform in Korea, as a representative service, using grid computing.
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Jofri, Muhamad Hanif, Ida Aryanie Bahrudin, Noor Zuraidin Mohd Safar, Juliana Mohamed, and Abdul Halim Omar. "User Quality of Experience (QoE) Satisfaction for Video Content Selection (VCS) Framework in Smartphone Devices." Baghdad Science Journal 18, no. 4(Suppl.) (December 20, 2021): 1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2021.18.4(suppl.).1387.
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Video streaming is widely available nowadays. Moreover, since the pandemic hit all across the globe, many people stayed home and used streaming services for news, education, and entertainment. However, when streaming in session, user Quality of Experience (QoE) is unsatisfied with the video content selection while streaming on smartphone devices. Users are often irritated by unpredictable video quality format displays on their smartphone devices. In this paper, we proposed a framework video selection scheme that targets to increase QoE user satisfaction. We used a video content selection algorithm to map the video selection that satisfies the user the most regarding streaming quality. Video Content Selection (VCS) are classified into video attributes groups. The level of VCS streaming will gradually decrease to consider the least video selection that users will not accept depending on video quality. To evaluate the satisfaction level, we used the Mean Opinion Score (MOS) to measure the adaptability of user acceptance towards video streaming quality. The final results show that the proposed algorithm shows that the user satisfies the video selection, by altering the video attributes.
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Tabata, Tomohiro, and Tse Yu Wang. "Life Cycle Assessment of CO2 Emissions of Online Music and Videos Streaming in Japan." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 3992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093992.
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In this study, we analyzed the CO2 emissions of online music and video streaming services, as one of the digital contents, in Japan using life cycle assessment. As a system boundary of online music and video streaming, processes such as data center construction and server manufacturing, usage of communication networks and internet communication technology devices (personal computers (PCs) and smartphones), and disposal of data centers and servers were considered. Data were collected using statistical and online surveys, and CO2 emissions per 1 MB of communication volume were calculated. One of the results revealed that the lifecycle CO2 emissions of listening to online music using PCs and smartphones were 5.88 × 10−4 and 1.43 × 10−4 kg-CO2/MB, respectively. The overall CO2 emissions for domestic music and video streaming services in 2019 was 921 thousand t-CO2. Online video streaming accounted for 87.7% of the total emissions, which corresponded to approximately 0.23% of domestic CO2 emissions derived from electric power generation.
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Khan, Koffka. "Advancements and Challenges in 360 Virtual Reality Video Streaming: A Comprehensive Review of Cloud-Based Solutions." International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications 15, no. 04 (2023): 6053–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35444/ijana.2024.15408.
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As the demand for immersive experiences continues to surge, 360 Virtual Reality (VR) video streaming has emerged as a captivating medium. This review paper delves into the dynamic intersection of 360 VR video and cloud computing, exploring the advancements, challenges, and future prospects within this evolving landscape. Beginning with an introduction to the significance of 360 VR content, we navigate through the historical evolution of virtual reality and the fundamental principles of cloud computing. The paper elucidates the intricacies of 360 VR video capture and production, addressing challenges and technological breakthroughs. A critical examination of the role of cloud computing in video streaming services forms a pivotal section, encompassing discussions on architecture, protocols, and the optimization of cloud services for VR content. The unique challenges posed by 360 VR video streaming, including high bandwidth demands and latency considerations, are dissected, offering insights into the complexities of delivering immersive experiences in real-time. Furthermore, the paper scrutinizes existing cloud-based solutions and technologies dedicated to 360 VR video streaming. From streaming protocols to adaptive bitrate technologies, the review encapsulates the state-of-the-art developments in the field. Quality of Experience (QoE) and user perceptions are explored to gauge the impact of 360 VR video streaming on user engagement. In forecasting future trends, the paper discusses emerging technologies, ongoing research endeavors, and potential innovations that promise to shape the future of 360 VR video streaming in the cloud. The conclusion synthesizes key findings and emphasizes the integral role of cloud computing in advancing the realm of immersive video experiences. This comprehensive review aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and enthusiasts navigating the dynamic landscape of 360 VR video streaming and cloud-based solutions
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Alhaisoni, Majed, Mohammed Ghanbari, and Antonio Liotta. "Scalable P2P Video Streaming." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 6, no. 3 (July 2010): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jbdcn.2010070103.
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P2P networks are a technology able to deliver real time and video-on-demand services over IP networks. Layered video coding techniques are being introduced due to their ability to deliver streams at different scales (temporal, spatial and SNR) that solve the heterogeneity problem. This eases transmission in the case of limited bandwidth, as the devices can pick and decode the minimum bit rate base layer. Existing work examines layered video in client-server scenarios. In contrast, this paper analyzes scalable coding H.264/SVC over P2P networks based on an SNR-temporal Codec. Due to the interdependency between the different SVC layers, issues of reliability and quality of experience arise unless proper measures are taken to protect the base layer. The authors explore the effectiveness of a combination of P2P strategies, for example, hybrid P2P architecture, P2P locality, and P2P redundancy, to assess the viability and benefits of scalable video coding over P2P. The resulting performance is compared with a state-of-the-art P2P TV platform.
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Zuhra, Sadaf ul, Prasanna Chaporkar, Abhay Karandikar, and H. Vincent Poor. "Multi-Connectivity for Multicast Video Streaming in Cellular Networks." Network 4, no. 2 (May 6, 2024): 175–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/network4020009.
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The escalating demand for high-quality video streaming poses a major challenge for communication networks today. Catering to these bandwidth-hungry video streaming services places a huge burden on the limited spectral resources of communication networks, limiting the resources available for other services as well. Large volumes of video traffic can lead to severe network congestion, particularly during live streaming events, which require sending the same content to a large number of users simultaneously. For such applications, multicast transmission can effectively combat network congestion while meeting the demands of all the users by serving groups of users requesting the same content over shared spectral resources. Streaming services can further benefit from multi-connectivity, which allows users to receive content from multiple base stations simultaneously. Integrating multi-connectivity within multicast streaming can improve the system resource utilization while also providing seamless connectivity to multicast users. Toward this end, this work studied the impact of using multi-connectivity (MC) alongside wireless multicast for meeting the resource requirements of video streaming. Our findings show that MC substantially enhances the performance of multicast streaming, particularly benefiting cell-edge users who often experience poor channel conditions. We especially considered the number of users that can be simultaneously served by multi-connected multicast systems. It was observed that about 60% of the users that are left unserved under single-connectivity multicast are successfully served using the same resources by employing multi-connectivity in multicast transmissions. We prove that the optimal resource allocation problem for MC multicast is NP-hard. As a solution, we present a greedy approximation algorithm with an approximation factor of (1−1/e). Furthermore, we establish that no other polynomial-time algorithm can offer a superior approximation. To generate realistic video traffic patterns in our simulations, we made use of traces from actual videos. Our results clearly demonstrate that multi-connectivity leads to significant enhancements in the performance of multicast streaming.
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Royani, Noorhanida, Catur Edi Widodo, and Budi Warsito. "Sentiment Analysis On Movie Streaming Services On Twitter Using LDA and SVM Methods." E3S Web of Conferences 448 (2023): 02032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344802032.
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Many online platforms for movie streaming have emerged nowadays in Indonesia with the development of technology. Streaming platforms that are widely used by the public are Netflix, Disney+, HBO Go, WeTV, Vidio. A lot of comparisons between streaming platforms have become a topic of discussion on social media. The opinions expressed by users of the streaming platform greatly affect other users who want to watch the movie. The transmission of opinions from users becomes positive and negative comments that are received by the public and spread widely on social media. Opinions that contain both positive and negative comments become a problem and can affect other users who want to watch movies through streaming platforms. The opinions of users about the streaming platform can be analyzed through sentiment analysis. At the stage of data collection using scrapy framework tools with Python, as much as 1,500 lines of text are preprocessed. LDA method to present topics that contain representative words. Classification using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) gets more positive comments than negative comments. The test results obtained an accuracy of 0.82, recall of 0.8, F1 score of 0.79, and precision of 0.8.
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Hutchins, Brett, Bo Li, and David Rowe. "Over-the-top sport: live streaming services, changing coverage rights markets and the growth of media sport portals." Media, Culture & Society 41, no. 7 (August 20, 2019): 975–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443719857623.
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The growth of over-the-top (OTT) Internet and mobile video streaming services is a major development in the distribution, transmission and consumption of global media sport. Heavily capitalised services such as Tencent Video, DAZN and Amazon Prime Video are intervening in coverage rights markets and changing how live sport is experienced and shared across television, computer, game console, tablet and smartphone screens. This article identifies and analyses six defining characteristics of OTT live sport streaming, and outlines three services (Tencent Video, DAZN and Amazon Prime Video) that operate across Asia, the United Kingdom, Europe, the Americas and Australasia. Its argument is that, first, live sport streaming is a key means by which television content and practices are escaping the boundaries of broadcast media, while also continuing to perpetuate the logics of television coverage and viewing practices. Second, drawing on Amanda D. Lotz’s conceptualisation of portals, it is proposed that these services are establishing new norms concerning how media sport is accessed and curated and, as such, their arrival signals a historic shift in the global marketplace for sport coverage rights and the media systems through which live content circulates.
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Gazdar, Achraf, Lotfi Hidri, Belgacem Ben Youssef, and Meriam Kefi. "Minimizing the In-Cloud Bandwidth for On-Demand Reactive and Proactive Streaming Applications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 23 (November 28, 2021): 11267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112311267.
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Video streaming services are one of the most resource-consuming applications on the Internet. Thus, minimizing the consumed resources at runtime in general and the server/network bandwidth in particular are still challenging for researchers. Currently, most streaming techniques used on the Internet open one stream per client request, which makes the consumed bandwidth increases linearly. Hence, many broadcasting/streaming protocols have been proposed in the literature to minimize the streaming bandwidth. These protocols can be divided into two main categories, namely, reactive and proactive broadcasting protocols. While the first category is recommended for streaming unpopular videos, the second category is recommended for streaming popular videos. In this context, in this paper we propose an enhanced version of the reactive protocol Slotted Stream Tapping (SST) called Share All SST (SASST), which we prove to further reduce the streaming bandwidth with regard to SST. We also propose a new proactive protocol named the New Optimal Proactive Protocol (NOPP) based on an optimal scheduling of video segments on streaming-channel. SASST and NOPP are to be used in cloud and CDN (content delivery network) networks where the IP multicast or multicast HTTP on QUIC could be enabled, as their key principle is to allow the sharing of ongoing streams among clients requesting the same video content. Thus, clients and servers are often services running on virtual machines or in containers belonging to the same cloud or CDN infrastructure.
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Eng, Sidney, and Flor A. Hernandez. "Managing streaming video: A new role for technical services." Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services 30, no. 3-4 (September 2006): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lcats.2006.10.001.
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Bouten, Niels, Steven Latre, Jeroen Famaey, Werner Van Leekwijck, and Filip De Turck. "In-Network Quality Optimization for Adaptive Video Streaming Services." IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 16, no. 8 (December 2014): 2281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2014.2362856.
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Solera, M., M. Toril, I. Palomo, G. Gomez, and J. Poncela. "A Testbed for Evaluating Video Streaming Services in LTE." Wireless Personal Communications 98, no. 3 (October 27, 2017): 2753–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-4999-0.
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Bronzino, Francesco, Paul Schmitt, Sara Ayoubi, Guilherme Martins, Renata Teixeira, and Nick Feamster. "Inferring Streaming Video Quality from Encrypted Traffic." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 48, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3453953.3453958.
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Inferring the quality of streaming video applications is important for Internet service providers, but the fact that most video streams are encrypted makes it difficult to do so.We develop models that infer quality metrics (i.e., startup delay and resolution) for encrypted streaming video services. Our paper builds on previous work, but extends it in several ways. First, the models work in deployment settings where the video sessions and segments must be identified from a mix of traffic and the time precision of the collected traffic statistics is more coarse (e.g., due to aggregation). Second, we develop a single composite model that works for a range of different services (i.e., Netflix, YouTube, Amazon, and Twitch), as opposed to just a single service. Third, unlike many previous models, our models perform predictions at finer granularity (e.g., the precise startup delay instead of just detecting short versus long delays) allowing to draw better conclusions on the ongoing streaming quality. Fourth, we demonstrate the models are practical through a 16-month deployment in 66 homes and provide new insights about the relationships between Internet "speed" and the quality of the corresponding video streams, for a variety of services; we find that higher speeds provide only minimal improvements to startup delay and resolution.
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Niemczuk, Mateusz, Paweł Nankiewicz, and Małgorzata Plechawska-Wójcik. "Interface usability analysis of selected streaming services in Poland." Journal of Computer Sciences Institute 25 (December 30, 2022): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/jcsi.3043.
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The aim of this paper is to analyse the interface quality of selected services providing video-on-demand on the Polish internet market. Interfaces of three services were evaluated (Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, and Player). The evaluation was conducted using an expert review, an eye-tracking study, and an accessibility assessment using the WAVE web tool. For the study, a research thesis was established – Netflix has the most usable interface among the three streaming portal interfaces studied. As a result of the evaluation of three research methods, the thesis has been confirmed.
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Abdulredah, Sarah Haider, and Dheyaa Jasim Kadhim. "New Approaches of Cloud Services Access using Tonido Cloud Server for Real-Time Applications." Journal of Engineering 26, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.08.07.
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A Tonido cloud server provides a private cloud storage solution and synchronizes customers and employees with the required cloud services over the enterprise. Generally, access to any cloud services by users is via the Internet connection, which can face some problems, and then users may encounter in accessing these services due to a weak Internet connection or heavy load sometimes especially with live video streaming applications overcloud. In this work, flexible and inexpensive proposed accessing methods are submitted and implemented concerning real-time applications that enable users to access cloud services locally and regionally. Practically, to simulate our network connection, we proposed to use the Raspberry-pi3 model B+ as a router wireless LAN (WLAN) that enables users to have the cloud services using different access approaches such as wireless and wireline connections. As a case study for a real-time application over the cloud server, it is suggested to do a live video streaming using an IP webcam and IVIDEON cloud where the streaming video can be accessed via the cloud server at any time with different users taking into account the proposed practical connections. Practical experiments showed and proved that accessing real-time applications of cloud services via wireline and wireless connections is improved by using Tonido cloud server's facilities.
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Mardian, Raden Deiny, Muhammad Suryanegara, and Kalamullah Ramli. "User Experience of 5G Video Services in Indonesia: Predictions Based on a Structural Equation Model." Information 13, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13030155.
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The advent of 5G has created an expectation for the provision of a much better user experience (UX) for utilising video streaming services. However, apart from quality, there are many other factors believed to influence users’ experiences of video streaming services in the era of 5G. The question then arises: what will determine the UX of streaming video services in the 5G era? This study aimed to discover what factors would influence 5G UX by using a conceptual framework involving measures of users’ predictive judgements of 5G combined with users’ measurements of current 4G UX, considering that there is no specific standard for measuring UX. Our case study is Indonesia, the world’s fourth-largest market, so the predictions may later become a reference for the priorities of implementing 5G technology. Our conceptual framework utilised the structural equation model (SEM) approach, based on the primary data of a 254-respondent sample of the Indonesian market. The questionnaire assessed 10 factors of user experience, ranging from service attractiveness to economic-related aspects. The results imply that the current user’s experience of 4G has an effect with a significance value of 0.42 to their later experience when accessing 5G video services. It means that many users will continue to use 4G for video streaming and still need tangible evidence of 5G. Among the 10 factors, a satisfaction value of 0.72 in 4G technology and perspicuity of 0.81 in 5G are the highest correlations. These factors are the most influential for video service experience.
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Confido, Jemy Vestius, and Angelita Patricia Komala. "Urgensi Lex Specialis Dalam Pelaksanaan Over The Top (OTT) Video Streaming Di Indonesia [Urgency of Lex Specialis in the Implementation of Over The Top (OTT) Video Streaming in Indonesia]." Jurnal Hukum Visio Justisia 2, no. 2 (April 12, 2023): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/vj.v2i2.6285.
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<p><em>In the last few decades, technology has evolved rapidly and this has led to the changes of people’s behavior, including the way of enjoying videos. Video streaming</em> <em>Over The Top (OTT) as part of the digital services, which is currently becoming popular, is video streaming services that enable viewers to enjoy movies or TV shows through the Internet such as Netflix, Disney+HotStar, Amazon Prime Video, Hulu, Mola, HBO GO/NOW, YouTube and Vidio. The traditional/conventional TV methods like cable or satellite TV shall follow the Law Number 32 of 2002 concerning Broadcasting (Broadcasting Law). According to Article 1 Paragraph (2) of the Broadcasting Law, broadcasting shall be defined as the activity of broadcasts and/or transmission on land, at sea, or in space by using a radio frequency spectrum by air, cable, and/or other media to be received simultaneously and concurrently by the public using broadcast receiving equipment. However, OTT Services which are Internet-based broadcasting is not considered as part of the "broadcast" category in the Broadcasting Law and consequently the application of lex specialis principle should be considered. The objective of this research is to analyze the regulations pertaining to video streaming services which are part of OTT services in Indonesia and to identify legal vacuum according to the principles of legal certainty and justice. This research study uses normative legal research methodology by conducting examination on the positive law (ius positum). The conclusions of this research identify that Article 1 Paragraph (2) of the Broadcasting Law does not include the OTT Services which are Internet-based broadcasting and subsequently there is no comprehensive regulation in Indonesia to govern OTT services to obtain legal certainty and therefore the arrangement and its implementation must be prepared.</em></p><p><strong>Bahasa Indonesia Abstrak: </strong>Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, teknologi telah berkembang secara cepat dan hal ini telah membawa perubahan pada perilaku masyarakat termasuk dalam menikmati layanan video. Layanan <em>Over The Top</em> (OTT) <em>video streaming</em> sebagai bagian dari layanan digital yang saat ini populer merupakan layanan <em>video streaming</em> yang menyediakan akses kepada film atau acara TV melalui Internet seperti Netflix, Disney+HotStar, Amazon Prime Video, Hulu, Mola, HBO GO/NOW, YouTube dan Vidio. Metode TV tradisional/konvensional seperti kabel atau satelit TV tunduk kepada Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2002 tentang Penyiaran (UU Penyiaran). Menurut Pasal 1 ayat (2) UU Penyiaran, penyiaran diartikan sebagai aktivitas memancarkan dan/atau mentransmisikan di darat, laut, atau udara dengan menggunakan spektrum frekuensi radio di udara, kabel dan/atau media lainnya untuk diterima secara serentak dan bersamaan oleh masyarakat dengan menggunakan perangkat penerima. Namun demikian, layanan OTT yang berbasis Internet tidak dapat dikelompokkan sebagai bagian dari penyiaran dalam UU Penyiaran sehingga perlu dipertimbangkan penerapan asas <em>lex specialis</em>. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis regulasi terkait layanan <em>video streaming</em> yang merupakan bagian dari layanan OTT di Indonesia serta untuk menemukan kekosongan hukum sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip kepastian hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode <em>normative legal research</em> dengan melakukan pengkajian pada hukum positif (<em>ius positum</em>). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa Pasal 1 ayat (2) UU Penyiaran tidak mencakup layanan OTT yang berbasis Internet sehingga bisa disimpulkan bahwa belum ada regulasi yang komprehensif di Indonesia untuk mengatur layanan OTT demi terciptanya kepastian hukum sehingga peraturan dan implementasinya perlu disiapkan.</p>
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Kaur, Ms Harleen, and Dr Rubaid Ashfaq. "The Impact of Netflix on Viewer Behaviour and Media Consumption: An Exploration of the Effects of Streaming Services on Audience Engagement and Entertainment Preferences." June-July 2023, no. 34 (June 13, 2023): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jmcc.34.9.23.
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Online video streaming platforms have swept the globe. Traditional form of entertainment like Television is now being replaced by video on demand services providers such as Netflix, Amazon Prime, Hulu, Disney Hotstar, to name a few. These service providers have now established themselves as a serious rival to the broadcasting and television industry. The demand for regular television broadcasting is declining as these platforms are providing high quality original productions at the ease of the customer’s home. The impact of streaming services, specifically Netflix, on viewers behaviour and media consumption has been explored using both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data source include survey with OTT platform users, while secondary data source encompass studies and reports by media research firms and industry analysts. This combination of data sources provides a comprehensive view of the changes brought about by streaming services. The analysis of both primary and secondary data highlights the shift from linear Tv to on demand viewing, the rise in binge-watching, and the increase in diversity of content due to original programming. The data also shows that personalized recommendation have made it easier for viewers to discover new shows and movies. Overall, the data supports the conclusion that streaming services have transformed the way people engage with and consumer media.
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Kim, Hyun-Wook, and Sung-Hyun Yang. "Region of interest–based segmented tiled adaptive streaming using head-mounted display tracking sensing data." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 15, no. 12 (December 2019): 155014771989453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147719894533.
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To support 360 virtual reality video streaming services, high resolutions of over 8K and network streaming technology that guarantees consistent quality of service are required. To this end, we propose 360 virtual reality video player technology and a streaming protocol based on MPEG Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP Spatial Representation Description to support the player. The player renders the downsized video as the base layer, which has a quarter of the resolution of the original video, and high-quality video tiles consisting of tiles obtained from the tiled-encoded high-quality video (over 16K resolution) as the enhanced layer. Furthermore, we implemented the system and conducted experiments to measure the network bandwidth for 16K video streaming and switching latency arising from changes in the viewport. From the results, we confirmed that the player has a switching latency of less than 1000 ms and a maximum network download bandwidth requirement of 100 Mbps.
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Irawan, Bagus Daru, and Cahyo Prihantoro. "Analysis of the quality of service youtube video streaming on the wireless network of the Faculty of Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu." Borobudur Informatics Review 1, no. 2 (December 6, 2021): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/binr.5447.
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This study aims to determine how good the quality of the wireless network at the Faculty of Engineering, Muhammadiyah Bengkulu University on Youtube Video Streaming services using the QoS (Quality of Service) parameter. This research is a quantitative research which refers to the research method according to Polit DF and Hungler BP. The research was carried out by monitoring the Youtube Video Streaming service on the UM GEDUNG G2 Wi-Fi network at the Faculty of Engineering, University of Muhammadiyah Bengkulu which was designated as a sample of data on each service. Streaming Youtube Videos at 360p, 480p and 720p video quality, using Wireshark Software. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and from journal sources related to this study. From the results of the research carried out it can be concluded that the results of the Throughput on the Youtube 360p Streaming Video service obtained an overall average result of 665Kbps in the TIPHON category including bad, while the overall results of the average value of Package loss, Delay and Jitter are included in the very good category. and good, as well as Youtube Video Streaming services 480p and 720p get an average value - the overall average on Throuhput, Package loss, Delay and Jitter are included in the good and very good categories according to the TIPHON version.