Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Services de renseignements – Allemagne'
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Gelibter, Cyril. "Renseignement et politique : l'affaire des armes de destruction massive irakiennes. 1979-2003. Analyse comparée France/USA/Russie/Grande-Bretagne/Allemagne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUL114.pdf.
Full textMy Ph.D focuses on the knowledge of the intelligence services of the five mentioned countries (the United States, Great Britain, France, Russia, and Germany) regarding Iraqi programs of weapons of mass destruction (chemical, bacteriological, ballistic, and nuclear) over the period from 1979 to 2003 and the use of intelligence in policy making. We also describe the developments of Iraqi programs, and we compare them with the intelligence collected. The research is based on interviews and research in the archives of different countries. It also explores the reasons for the 2003 invasion, the actors involved, and the mistakes, including from an analytical point of view
Ferro, Coline. "L'image des services de renseignement et de sécurité : France, Royaume-Uni, Allemagne et Belgique." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020109/document.
Full textSince the 9/11 attacks, the national intelligence communities have been considerably strengthened in many states, for example in France, in the United Kingdom, in Germany or in Belgium. These also have been reorganised. Furthermore, the intelligence services have been provided with additional means and a larger legal framework following the adoption of the antiterrorism legislation. This exposed the services to the media. Moreover, the information and transparency requirements made by citizens and parliamentarians increased in the last years. This made the intelligence services emerge from the shadows. The question about the services' image then arose. This image is a product of history and culture, but now it also evolves in function ofthe media, the news and the visibility of some actions. However, the failures are more mediatised than the successes. This image has become a challenge for the intelligence and security services because, whether positive or negative, it has consequences on political, organizational and legislative issues. Therefore, most of the French, British, German and Belgian services developed a communication policy and a real strategy: the publication of reports, websites, exhibitions,merchandising... The intelligence services use a wide range of tools. However, their communication efforts are disparate. The UK and Germany have a head start in the field. France is more shy, and Belgium even more
Jackson, Peter Darron. "France and the Nazi menace : intelligence and policy making, 1933-1939 /." Oxford : Oxford university press, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376477793.
Full textSawicki, Gérald. "Les services de renseignements à la frontière franco-allemande (1871-1914)." Nancy 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN21029.
Full textFrance and the German Empire engaged in a veritable secret war between 1871 and 1914. Intelligence in this period is a recurrent element of Franco-German antagonism. In this context, the territories of Alsace and Lorraine played a crucial role. Military and police force branches were set up on both sides of the border and rapidly became very widespread, served by experienced, greatly esteemed civil servants. Secret agents and correspondants provided them with accurate intelligence information and minute preparation was already under way in the event of mobilization. The Schnaebelé Affair is an obvious episode of the conflict between services. In April 1887, the turbulent arrest of the special police superintendent of Pagny-sur-Moselle nearly caused a Franco-German war to break out. Further study of this incident reveals a whole background not entirely without ulterior motives on the German side concerning the French Minister of War, General Boulanger
Lepri, Charlotte. "Le contrôle parlementaire des services de renseignement en France et dans les démocraties occidentales (Royaume-Uni, Allemagne, États-Unis) : raison d'État contre exigence démocratique." Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA084162.
Full textParliamentary oversight of intelligence agencies is a barometer of a democracy. It reflects the balance of power between the executive and the legislative branches regarding a core competence of the executive power, and it highlights a paradox: a democracy requires transparency and accountability as much as protecting national interests requires secrecy. Most of modern democracies have been built against arbitrary power; and yet, State secrecy and covert actions are vital for national security. Intelligence services have always operated in the realm of exception as far as rule of law is concerned. That is why establishing a system of intelligence agencies accountability is one of the most daunting challenges faced by modern States. External accountability, and especially parliamentary oversight, is a very sensitive issue. In France, intelligence was a ‘no-go’ zone for parliament during years. That was the starting point of this thesis: filling the gap between to different worlds. Since 2007, an intelligence parliamentary commission has been set up in France. Its impact went well beyond its initial scope. It has helped developing an « intelligence culture » in France and reforming the whole intelligence organisation. Along with the British, German and US experiences, the French case shows that there is no a single model of democratic oversight which works for all countries. Each experience reflects a political history, a culture, an institutional approach and the place of intelligence in the State
De, Witte Parra Mona. "La protection du renseignement britannique, américain et allemand pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIML004.
Full textThis thesis investigates the protection of British intelligence sources during World War Two, and includes a comparison with American and German practices. In these three countries, intelligence officers adopted very different approaches to preserve these sources and to ensure that the latter could be used in the long term. Each country had a different perception of the balance between the immediate use of intelligence and the protection of its sources, between the short-term benefits and long-term preservation of these assets in the context of the war. Drawing on a vast amount of archival material, both civilian and military, this research presents these three countries’ various approaches and uses this analysis to reflect on their concrete achievements. This study interrogates the preconceived ideas about these countries’ intelligence practices, in particular the reputation of secrecy of the British agencies, as opposed to the lack of discretion of their American counterparts. Moreover, this thesis emphasises the particular situation of German secret services in a very divided country.The ambiguous cooperation between Britain and the United States during the Second World War helped pave the way for their « special relationship ». During the war, the balance of power between the two nations shifted dramatically, in the intelligence field as in many others. Moreover, the analysis of the exchanges between the British intelligence officers and their French and Soviet colleagues opens new research avenues in the study of their international relations and on these complex and fluctuating alliances
Harrak, Mohamed. "Le renseignement : permanence et changement." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10004.
Full textAt the dawn of the 21st century, intelligence raises more than ever questions about its methods, its utility and even about its raison d' être. Uncommon activity covering various fields, intelligence gathering constitutes a passionant subject indeed. Several topics will be treated in this study. But, because of their importance, three ot them will be more particularly developed. In addition to the organization of the intelligence services and disinformation, it will be also question of the new part which secret services play in the fight against the proliferation of criminal, terrorist, and other threats
Le, Page Jean-Marc. "Les services de renseignement français pendant la guerre d'Indochine (1946-1954)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0011.
Full textAmong reasons whose explain the French defeat in Indochina, insufficiency of intelligence services has been put forward. We want to show that it was not case. When the French expeditionary corps landed in Saigon, in October of 1945, the new commander in chief had to rebuild the French military structure. It was particularly the case of intelligence services. Little by little, all range of the sources of information was put in place. If the security service was restored from 1946, it was only in 1949 that the air-force intelligence service became autonomous. The means were increased in 1951, during the command of the general of Lattre. His successor, the general Salan, followed a very technical orientation which caused a loss of effectiveness of the services. The general Navarre tried to redress this situation. He developed the human sources and attempted to instil an «intelligence mystic ». The intelligence services were operated and gave information to the different commander in chief, which allowed them to avoid a strategical surprise. The organs of the DRV’s counterespionage could not prevent it, in spite of a totalitarian coverage of the population. From the first years, the Indochina war became international. A productive exchange of information existed between France and his allies (GB, United States and Siam). We study the functioning of services in the daily, as well in the functioning of intelligence agent networks directed by the territorial intelligence officers, that in the relations between the different services
Morel, Eric. "Evolution du renseignement et innovations technologiques." Marne-la-Vallée, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MARN0136.
Full textThe technological innovations have an important impact on the strategic level intelligence. They have set the biggest ever technical and intellectual challenge to the intelligence community. The intelligence community succeeded the technical challenge. It has managed to use the technological innovations to adapt itself to its environment, by creating and operating a technological intelligence coming from the new supports of information, and using these technologies to reduce the risks of the research of intelligence. However, the intelligence community will certainly miss the intellectual challenge because the technological innovations are used to justify the existence of a part of the intelligence community, and because they reduce the time, the space and the competence of the intelligence. The technological intelligence value is overrated. This restricts the dissemination and the operating of the technologies that extend the hand and the spirit of human, thus adapting the human and operational intelligence to its technological environment. The overrated technological intelligence leads the intelligence community to operate more and more informations and less and less intelligence
Chopin, Olivier. "La raison d'Etat et la démocratie : concepts et pratiques." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0085.
Full textReason of state disrupts democratic ethics by showing how violence and law are linked by dark bonds - the use of secret above all. Does reason of state, considered as ontologically stranger to democracy, constitute a threat or a remedy for the survival of democracies? At the very least, reason of state evokes the essential double frailty of democracies - fraitly towards the dangers that threaten them and fraitly towards the remedies they choose. The work analyses the control of intelligence services in three countries (France, The United States and the United Kingdom) and shows that the theoratical opposition between reason of state and democracy turns in practice into a tension which can not be suppressed. Finally, the study of the US reaction to the September 11 attacks deals with knowing wether democracies can defend themselves and reveal their strength if necessary - and still remain democracies
Lahaie, Olivier. "Renseignements et services de renseignements en France pendant la guerre de 1914-1918 : 2ème bureau et 5ème bureau de l'Etat Major de l'Armée. ; 2ème bureau du G.Q.G. (section de renseignement, section de centralisation des renseignements) : évolutions et adaptations." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040032.
Full textOn August, 1914, the French Intelligence Services knew German war plans, but intelligence specialists went against Joffre's scepticism. With the beginning of Trench Warfare, the French High Commander wished to inquire about enemy casualties, but also economic and political situation or morale in Germany. New techniques helped to control information gathered by Human Intelligence. The Secret Service imposed Telegraphic then Postal control, initiated an allied cooperation dealing with Intelligence Warfare. On 1915, new spying methods appeared, including use of planes to shake off enemy defences. Cooperation with Belgian and British Intelligence Services created preference conditions for spying. The Great War, which was a Total War, developed new kind of services dealing with Economic Intelligence. Propaganda and Psychological Warfare were developed as well, both on frontline and inside Germany. Counter-Intelligence was strengthened too, but the mutiny crisis of 1917 showed the danger of it when used against Brothers of Arms. At the end of World War I, implication of some officers belonging to the Secret Service in high treason trials tarnished their reputation. French Intelligence gathered many independent and rival services, but working all together to facilitate military victory on Germany and its Allies. Two distinct but complementary branches coexisted in France: one created by the “Etat-Major de l'Armée”, and the other by the “Grand Quartier General”. Among the three French High Commanders, Pétain was remarkable by the clever use of intelligence he made, in order to spare soldiers' blood. Supreme Commander of Allied Forces, Foch used it as well to lay Ludendorff low. From 1914 to 1918, French Intelligence proved its high capacity to innovate. W. W. I created favourable conditions to experiment new techniques, which were used after 1918 to develop the future “Special Services” of W. W. II. Thanks to a skilful mixing of consideration and improvisation, but also with the wish of gathering clever and firm individualities, French Secret Services really contributed to defeat Imperial Germany
Maslen, Robert W. "Elizabethan fictions : espionage, counter-espionage, and the duplicity of fiction in early Elizabethan prose narratives /." Oxford [GB] : Clarendon press, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36968775r.
Full textMarois, Guilhem. "Le contrôle des services de renseignement en France." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0417.
Full textSince the beginning of the twenty-first century, intelligence has experienced a real upheaval, in France and abroad. While some wondered about its future at the end of the Cold War, the advent of globalized terrorism and the numerous attacks on the territory of several Western countries have put the intelligence services at the heart of defense and security activities. In France, new services have emerged while others have undergone major restructuring, which has changed the complex architecture of public intelligence policy. The many laws adopted between 2006 and 2019 have increased the prerogatives of the services. The activity of the intelligence services undermines many rights and freedoms, which nevertheless enjoy enhanced legal protection. For several decades, only the executive branch controlled the activity of the services. However, the desire for greater transparency on public action has led to the development of new controls, even for a public policy as sensitive as that of intelligence. Thus, the Government has new tools, Parliament has established specifics institutions and now the judge intervenes to control the activity of intelligence services. The organization of intelligence control is as complex as the structure of the services, but their interlocking makes it possible to guarantee a complete system
Russell, Frank Santi. "Information gathering in classical Greece /." Ann Arbor [Mich.] : University of Michigan press, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38802665k.
Full textBoulant, Antoine. "Les agents secrets du ministère des Affaires étrangères envoyés dans les départements (septembre 1792 - Nivôse An II)." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040177.
Full textAfter the fall of monarchy was created an executive council formed with the ministers. At the end of 1792, some of them had to lead some agents; their part was to collect information in the departments. Between September 1792 and December 1793, minister of Foreign affairs dispatched about a hundred of secret agents in the frontier departments and regions of counter-revolution (Vendée, South-East). Operating from a "supervision's plan" and instructions written by the ministry of foreign affairs, secret agents - recruited in the middle class, and who already had experience in spying, diplomacy or administration - sent to him about of thousands of letters containing a lot of information about military operations, public opinion, economic problems and religious life, in their respective departments. Abstracts or extracts of these letters were sent afterwards to the members of the government. But finally, secret agents were recalled by the minister of foreign affairs in December 1793
Carrillo, Jean-François. "Police judiciaire et renseignement face aux menaces criminelles." Toulouse 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU10045.
Full textThe objective of Criminal Investigation is to repress crimes and offences. In this view, based on the offences which have been notified, or eventually noticed, investigators implement techniques which will enable to gather proof, to identify the perpetrators, and to send them over to the law, for their trial. Thus, criminal intelligence is essential at this stage of investigation. But, besides the everyday criminality, new kinds of threats have occurred or have developed. Thus, the new environment of intelligence and criminal investigation consists in the generalisation of these new threats, the elimination of the distinction between internal and outside security, the creation of new relationship between security and defense, a new apprehension of the notion of border, and the evolution in missions of the police. At the same time, the consequences of the vividness of the terrorist threat refer to the fundamental question of which model of democratic police to be developed. The answer consists certainly in a new approach of the criminal investigation in the frame of a conception which would give an increased role to intelligence, enabling action as soon as the first constituent elements of the offence would be gathered. Nevertheless, this criminal intelligence, which can be qualified as offensive needs to enter a legal frame which reconciles respect for fundamental freedom with a necessary efficacy which is essential for the protection of the society
Ditter, Jean-Guillaume. "Les services et le développement des nouveaux Länder allemands." Grenoble 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE21028.
Full textThe aim of the study is the determination of the conditions and potentiels of regional economic development in the new german lander (former gdr), looking over links between economic transition and economic development in the former socialist countries. In this respect, transition towards the market system is considered as well as a transition towards a new development model, called "service economy" and characterized by the place taken by service activities, especially information services, in economic processes. In "industrialized" market economies, this transition has two divergent spatial impacts : on one side, economic dynamics tend to concentrate in major urban centres in connection with information-linked activities. On the other side, local productive systems rise up out of these centres and specialize in information-intensive products. In the new german lander, the economic and monetary union, has created a situation of de-structuration of the productive system, characterized by loose ties between local industry and services, dependency of industry on external decision centres and concentration of driving service activities in core cities. Yet, the structuring of local productive systems, which can be illustrated by the example of the iena region, may constitue an alternative to this "polarized and dependent growth" scenario
Marquis, Hugues. "L'espionnage britannique en France pendant la Revolution française (1789-1802)." Lille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL30017.
Full textDuring the french revolution, the british kept up in france lots of spy networks (called correspondences), which were giving them political information (about the government, the parties, the chance of restoring the monarchy), but also about the army (about the navy and the plans of french landings in england and in ireland). The spies in the pay of england were mainly french royalists, who were wishing to have an active hand in the counter-revolution. Even if, retrospectively, espionage, by its techniques, was giving the impression of amateurism, it played an important role, as for the english attitude all along the war against france, in its political part (decision of restoring the monarchy, as in its military part (by informing them of an invasion of the british isles)
Harris, Stephen M. "British military intelligence in the Crimean war, 1854-1856 /." London ; Portland (Or.) : F. Cass, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37118745j.
Full textRossé, Christian. "Les échanges de l'ombre : passages des services de renseignements suisse et alliés à travers la frontière de l'Arc jurassien 1939-1945." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BELF0010/document.
Full textThe Franco-Swiss border was well guarded during the French occupation, on the one side by the Germans, seconded by the French customs and on the other, by the Swiss. Border crossings were strictly controlled and the border was supposed to be water-tight. The French side of the border was doubled by a first zone accessible only by special authorisation, and a second forbidden zone 1 to 3 km wide stretching along the frontier. In the minds of the German occupying forces, this corridor along the border was supposed to be a no man’s land in which only the border guards patrolled.This ideal was a long way from being the achieved, since the corridor was the scene of intense clandestine activity. The key player was the ‘passeur’ who smuggled across the border and who was usually assisted by by-standers, residents on both sides of the border-zone who did not cross the border themselves, but who supplied the logistical support of safe houses, food etc… Thanks to this network of smugglers and by-standers, a heterogeneous mass of people, objects and even animals crossed the border in both directions – French and Polish POWs, Jewish refugees, Allied airmen, Swiss and Allied spies, French resistance fighters, post, and all sorts of merchandise…The Swiss Intelligence Service (SR) was tasked with supplying the commander-in-chief and the AHQ with the information which would allow them to lead the army. The collection of information was in theory the task of the outposts spread along the border as well as of the central stations. Amongst the various methods used to collect the raw information – such as the questioning of travellers and deserters, the study of reports issued by Swiss military attachés abroad and the exploitation of intelligence lines– the SR sent agents on missions beyond the Swiss borders.Part of the mechanism which allowed the SR to be well informed between 1940 and 1944, was its collaboration at all levels with the foreign secret services and the resistance networks. In fact a number of Allied organisations chose Switzerland as the hub of their intelligence networks. Information converged from all over Europe towards the embassies and consulates established in Switzerland, and these in turn transmitted it via radio emitters from their delegations, or via clandestine ones, to London, Moscow or Washington.Whether it was at the level of the head of the SR, or of the listening posts, Roger Masson’s men took advantage of this flow and set up relationships on a give and take basis with the foreign networks. In exchange for information affecting the security of the nation, they organized the border crossings of foreign agents and of documents coming from abroad, and allowed the international intelligence community agents to go about their business with almost total impunity on Swiss soil.The SR was perfectly integrated into the international ‘intelligence community’ established on Swiss soil during World War II. In the field, it ‘shared’ its agents and smugglers with the foreign networks
Hugon, Alain. "Au service du roi catholique : honorables ambassadeurs et divins espions : représentation diplomatique et service secret dans les relations hispano-françaises de 1598 à 1635 /." Madrid : Casa de Velázquez, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39184990p.
Full textAnklam, Ewa. "Wissen nach Augenmass : militärische Beobachtung und Berichterstattung im Siebenjährigen Krieg /." Münster : Lit, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41140794q.
Full textAlbertelli, Sébastien. "Les services secrets de la France Libre : le Bureau central de renseignement et d'action (BCRA), 1940-1944." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0037.
Full textFrom 1940 to 1944, the Bureau Central de Renseignement et d’Action (BCRA) was the link between the Free French – in London and Algiers – and those who, in France, committed themselves in the resistance against the occupying forces. This service of a new type was created and managed by André Dewavrin (Passy). Throughout the war, an important and successful part of its activities has been to collaborate with the Intelligence Service to create intelligence networks. In 1941, it started to collaborate with the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in order to create a Secret Army under the orders of general de Gaulle as well as to conceive and to implement destruction plans so that the reaction of the enemy would be delayed when the allied landing happens. After June 1942, the BCRA was also in charge of implementing the political missions that the Commissariat National à l’Intérieur was working out. A service with so wide functions was subject to covetousness and criticisms. It was accused by de Gaulle’s enemies to be a powerful instrument that served the political ambitions of the Free French leader. It is a fact that de Gaulle has always been anxious to keep his control on the BCRA, consequently on action in France. This service served his will to assert French sovereignty towards the Allies and to assert the state authority towards the leaders of resistance organisations in France. Among de Gaulle’s followers, some accused the BCRA to turn into a law under itself. It is a fact that the activities of this service were so important for the success of de Gaulle’s political plans that its leaders could secure themselves an important position in the gaullist state
Aron, Castaing Gaby. "Le contrôle général de la surveillance du territoire et la lutte contre l'espionnage et la trahison 1934-1942." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOL034.
Full textPin, Paul. "Les services de renseignement dans la politique extérieure de Napoléon III." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040173.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to show the share of secret services in the foreign policy of Napoleon the third. .
Kahn, Martin. "Measuring Stalin's strength during total war : U.S. and British intelligence on the economic and military potential of the Soviet Union during the Second World War, 1939-1945 /." Göteborg : Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, Goteborgs universitet, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39917694w.
Full textMombrun, Yann. "Évaluation de l’information disponible sur Internet : Application au renseignement d’origine sources ouvertes." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAM0011.
Full textIntelligence agencies analyse and assess information open sources manually. Yet it is impossible to process every piece as well. This works aims at assisting operationals to use the Internet to produce intelligence, including deciding whether they can exploit gathered information.We study methods proposed to assessing information, manual or automatic, in a civil or military context. We propose a system dedicated to the exploitation of open sources. It targets collection and analysis phases of the intelligence cycle. Its architecture is open, to ease its adaptability to the procedures of each intelligence service. We describe a prototype implementing a selected set of criteria. We validate the approach by an experiment showing that assisting users eases the assesment of pages avilable on the Internet
Gieseke, Jens. "Die hauptamtlichen Mitarbeiter der Staatssicherheit : Personalstruktur und Lebenswelt 1950 - 1989/90 /." Berlin : Links, 2000. http://www.h-net.org/review/hrev-a0c1t7-aa.
Full textThiry, Charles. "Contribution à la connaissance du système de santé de l'ancienne République démocratique allemande." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M064.
Full textMartin, Virginie. "La diplomatie en Révolution : structures, agents, pratiques et renseignements diplomatiques : l'exemple des agents français en Italie (1789-1796)." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010662.
Full textIsidoro, Cécile Delvolvé Pierre. "L'ouverture du marché de l'électricité à la concurrence communautaire et sa mise en oeuvre : Allemagne, France, Italie, Royaume-uni /." Paris : LGDJ, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40186474d.
Full textBlersch, Raillard Susanne. "La régulation du système de santé allemand." Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090069.
Full textToday, the purpose of health care systems' regulations is to improve the efficiency of the expense allocation process while containing the expense growth. Ever since the 1970's, the German state crafts the health care policy through reforms, the most interventionist of which being the reform set up by Seehofer. Up until now, the regulation mechanisms to move the German health care system out of the crisis have respected the founding principles of the German social security established by chancellor Bismarck in 1883. In this study, the economic relationships which characterize the German health care system, have been analyzed thoroughly, the decisions of the different groups of economic interest. Up until the reforms of 1989 and 1993, the German health care system has been characterized by a neoliberal-like regulation whose process was determined by the relationships between professional unions. In the crisis context of the existing formal and decentralized regulation, the German state has acted to rescue the social security system. The purpose of this study is to show that it is possible to introduce limited free market elements in a health care system without changing its founding socio-political principles. The example of Germany shows that the instruments set up by Seehofer are aimed at inducing decentralized players (public and private payors and health care professionals) to behave in an efficient manner within strict budget guidelines. These regulation mechanisms are pushing towards a buyer's market environment fostering competition among health care suppliers. Eventually, the German health care system will be managed according to the usually prevailing rules of the "social market economy". The role the German state would, then, be to oversee the overall competitive environment and warrant health care coverage for low income citizens and the poorest among them
Couderc, Agathe. "Sous le sceau du secret : les coopérations internationales des Chiffres britannique et français, militaires et navals pendant la Première Guerre mondiale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUL060.pdf.
Full textAt the end of the 19th century, thanks to the evolution of telecommunications, military and naval circles rediscover cryptology, also known as “science of secret writing”, and become more and more interested by it. Its quick development in wartime can be depicted by the creation or expansion of several units, called “Cipher services”, in France and in the United Kingdom. These services have two missions: protecting the national and allied communications, and attacking the secret codes of the enemy. Their growth during the First World War illustrates the emergence of a brand new branch of intelligence and its reflection in counter-espionage: signals intelligence, or SIGINT. A comparison between the French and British Cipher services within their armed forces shows that there were similarities in the establishment of these services, particularly in recruiting personnel whom were subject to secrecy, although the temporalities of certain missions differed. Within the Entente Cordiale, a secret, joint and allied cooperation was established between the various French and British signals intelligence services. This alliance included the creation of shared codes, as well as the sharing of information resulting from the interception and decrypting of enemy communications. It thus highlights the importance of cryptology for the Franco-British alliance in the fight against the Central Empires, which can also be observed in their other alliances, such as the one with the Americans. It also sheds light on the extent to which this intelligence specialty took on in the conduct of the war, which explains the shape taken by the French and British Ciphers after the war
Rohweder-Rückert, Heike. "Der Unterricht in Materia medica : vorzugsweise für Pharmazeuten in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Universitäten München und Tübingen /." Augsburg : Rauner, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/du/services/toc/bs/47967163x.
Full textJarry, Maud. "La France, les Français et les armes de représailles allemandes V1-V2, 1943-1945." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0012.
Full textThe A4 / V2 rocket and the Fi 103 / V1 flying bomb were developed at the end of 1942, at the time when the Allies began defeating the Axis Powers and when the RAF began to bombard Germany cities. These raids fed a desire for revenge against England, which these weapons made possible. From 1943 to 1945, because of the choice of the target and the range of the rockets, France and the French found themselves caught in the middle of the battle that the Germans and the Allies fought over the implementing of the V weapons. The French helped each side. They helped the Germans, whether under constraint or as volunteers, economically, socially and militarily, to build their launch ramps and to produce their weapons. On the other hand, other French fought on the side of the Allies to make the German plan fail. The French Resistance, in the front lines, informed secret services based in London, including the BCRA, providing information concerning the sites and the description of the arms. The sites were then bombarded by the RAF, which was supported by the USAAF and the FAFL. Although these attacks slowed the use of the V weapons, they also destroyed the surrounding countryside. After the D-Day, the Germans succeeded in firing their rockets. The French bases were then even more intensively bombed until the allied troops captured them at the end of the summer. Their inspection, carried out sometimes with French interested by this new technology, as well as the discovery of the rockets themselves, provided the technical basis of modern rocket science, which in turn led to the exploration of outer space
Ledoux, Clémence. "L'État-providence et les mondes professionnels : la construction politique des métiers féminisés d’intervention dans la sphère privée : une comparaison France-République fédérale d’Allemagne depuis les années 1970." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0062.
Full textThe political construction of gendered care jobs raises questions about the unequal treatment of domestic and care work, but also, more generally about the relationships between public and private spheres. The aim of this thesis is to study the political regulation of care jobs which are almost exclusively (95%) occupied by women. This entails revealing the historical and political processes that have led to the regulation of these occupations at the national level. Drawing from public policy analysis, social welfare studies, and the sociology of work and professions, this thesis distinguishes four processes affecting the collective regulation of these occupations: professionalization, de-professionalization, casualization and decasualization of labour. The theoretical framework is used to compare the situations of Germany and France, two countries for which the rules applied to care jobs have diverged since the 1970s. This dissertation investigates how resources and constraints for the development of norms for the jobs were embedded in social policies targeted to care and domestic work demand. We show that the relations between the state and the church, the stage of problematisation, the content of the instruments of social policy and their visibility are key variables to account for the development of care work regulation
Cherigui, Heddy. "Le rôle et l’implication de la communauté des services de renseignement français dans la lutte contre le processus de radicalisation violente d’inspiration jihadiste depuis 2015." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2D001.
Full textSince 2015, France is facing a more acute and multifaceted jihadist-inspired terrorist threat. This crisis is intended to be a long -lasting one and early detection is becoming a priority issue for intelligence services who are subject to more and more sensitive missions.The increasing amount of detected individuals for jihadist-inspired radicalization has led to a resizing of French Intelligence apparatus over the four past years. Their role and involvement are nowadays more proactive, supported by a rescaling of the human resources and abilities to use more sophisticated intelligence techniques. The latter needed to be framed by a renewed intelligence itself properly nested into the booming counter-terrorist legal framework.The restructuring of the French Intelligence services since 2015, decided in order to face its new challenges, seems to have completed the required level of efficiency when dealing with violent jihad-inspired violence and thus the subsequent action. Intelligence law is a law of exception allowing an outrageous power to intelligence services. Though, it remains strictly monitored andsubmitted to judicial and constitutional review provided by the law. French Intelligence community has to work under a dual obligation of law abiding procedures and results obligation to reach its goals without ever neglecting the proper form about the implemented means
Vassy, Carine. "Le travail en équipe à l'hôpital : comparaison de l'organisation de six services de neurologie en Allemagne, France et Grande-Bretagne." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997IEPP0036.
Full textA cross-national comparison of the organisation of six hospital wards in Germany, France and Great-Britain presents many national differences. These differences have been analyzed as the result of national institutions and norms. Functionalist and culturalist interpretations of cross-national comparison are criticized. Some similarities in teamwork in the three countries are highlighted. The quality of the relations between physicians depends on their respective career trajectories. On the other hand cooperation among nursing staff is good if there is a general agreement on the organisation of nursing work. Lastly the quality of relations between doctors and nurses depends on the results of negotiations of the division of work and the kinds of patients who are admitted to the wards. These cross-national similarities stem from the use of the same technical knowledge, identical hierarchical subordination between physicians and nurses, and career patterns which vary from one profession to another, but are the same in the three countries. The study of the links between professions and organisation is of the highest importance in order to understand teamwork. It is impossible, however, to explain the variety of cooperation and conflict observed by the sole analysis of national institutions and links between professions and organisations. The quality of teamwork depends also on the choices of the members of the team (for example which patients are admitted for treatment), especially the chief of service and the head-nurse. On a theoretical level, our research has gone beyond the classical stategic analysis of organisations, which gives the priority to the study of endogenous variables of the organisation, and it has shown that exogenous variables (national institutions, local environment) also influence teamwork in hospitals
Lancelevée, Camille. "Quand la prison prend soin : enquête sur les pratiques professionnelles de santé mentale en milieu carcéral en France et en Allemagne." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0101.
Full textWhile Germany relies on forensic hospitals (MaBregelvollzug) since the 1930s, the French penal system develops mental health care services from the 1980s in order to deal with inmates with mental disorders. The involvement of mental health professionals in the penal system begs the question of hybridization of care and punishment. The aim of this thesis is to investigate this hybridization in a French-German comparative. Based on ethnographic field studies - carried out respectively over five months in a French and German prison - the thesis examines the various arrangements of care and punishment: while the prison of Tourion (France) can be described as a fragmented institution, in which the lines between penitentiary and mental health care services are demarcated, the prison of Grunstadt (Germany) arranges a reinforced cooperation. In both countries, however, the presence of mental health care professionals leads to ambivalent effects: it brings the mental suffering of inmates into the spotlight, but also contributes to the legitimization of the concept of therapeutic punishment -life sentence as therapy for the most "dangerous" inmates. Ultimately, this thesis illustrates the contemporary transformations of the prison to an "asylum", namely a place where punishment and treatment are intertwined, but equally, one of the last refuges for certain forms of madness. Beyond prisons, this thesis contributes to analyzing the relation between institutional transformations and the evolution of professional worlds
Senger, Fabien. "La création de l'Office national du commerce extérieur (1883-1898) : maîtrise de l'information compétitive internationale et stratégie française de puissance." Thesis, Artois, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ARTO0003.
Full textAn agreement signed between the Paris Chamber of Commerce and the French government, legalized by a unanimous vote of the French parliamentarians, creates, in 1898 the National Office of Foreign Trade. This creation meets a finding : compared to their competitors foreign, especially German, french entrepreneurs have,overall, a disability to master the competitive information of foreign origin. This deficiency is interpreted by the French authorities as being detrimental to national prosperity but also to the French political power in international relations. The Office is intented to solve the problem.The Office should centralize and process information of foreign origin, and transmit them to the French companies to restore their competitiveness on foreign markets. The Office shall assist and promote the French producers adapt and export. The study of the conditions for the creation of the Office required to describe the market of commercial information, the associative and institutional means intelligence in the service of French business leaders, and the likely role of the commission agent in cognitive impairment of the french producers. The insufficient informational support measures taken by the government of Jules Ferry, 1883-1885, were then described, including : the intensification of the role of consults, and the creation of French Chambers of Commerce abroad, an Office of commercial information to the Ministry of Commerce, and commercial museums. Finally, the Office engineering process has been the last third of the study
Barbier, Arnaud. "Les activités privées de sécurité à l'épreuve du droit public français : contribution à l'étude des mutations de la police administrative." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD031.
Full textServices provided by private security firms aim to protect individuals and property and are governed by a specific and relatively recent legal system. In theory, this type of commercial activity should solely be bound by private contract law, without any access to the power afforded by the public sector. Various types of internal security have been recently institutionalized alongside public security forces, and now assume specific conditions of access and employment. Moreover, the continual extension of their functional structure illustrates a teleological approach from those in public power to legitimize these activities and their effective participation in crime fighting. In this case, should we still consider public security out of merchandisation ? Nevertheless, the practical usage of private security is bound by one compelling and limiting principle, stating that private individuals cannot execute public law enforcement missions. Though professional private security firms do not explicitly replace the public police force, they fulfill a mission of social peace that calls into question the fundamental theories pertaining to the role of public authority in the matter of social peace. It would seem that private security’s logic of action would cause a conceptual confrontation between individual liberty and private actions on the one hand, and the notion of public order, police authority and public interest on the other hand. The validity of this contemporary logic stresses the need to redefine the classic tools of French public law as it relates to legitimizing current means of action in relation to the protection of social order. The notion of police is at stake, but maybe this could be considered as an opportunity to reessentialize it. But the problematic issue of general security is, at this point, so complex, that in order to fairly examine the issue, it is has become mandatory to evaluate it within a metalegal phenomenological format in which a jurist can be expected to clarify the distinctive nature of the public versus private domain
Labarthe, Pierre. "La privatisation du conseil agricole en question : évolutions institutionnelles et performances des services de conseil dans trois pays européens (Allemagne, France, Pays-Bas)." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MARN0372.
Full textThis research work aims at analysing the consequences of the dynamics of privatization of agricultural technical extension in three European countries: France, the Netherlands, and Germany (the new Länder). From the late nineteen eighties onwards, privatisation has been a major trend within extension systems worldwide. The privatization of extension is not only meant to decrease public spending in the support of the agricultural sector. It also relies on the idea that charging services to farmers could increase their effectiveness. Thanks to privatization, agricultural extension would become more “demand-driven”. Nevertheless, such an idea is controversial, as it does not take into account the consequences of privatization at other levels, and mainly its accountability regarding new agricultural and rural policies in Europe. These policies have been characterized since the 90s by various targets: primary production, food safety, environmental protection, social cohesion. All these stakes have to be taken into account for evaluating agricultural extension. The problem is planted of the technical integration by farmers of multiple and contradictory objectives (such as protection of the environment and productivity), some of which can determine their access to markets (food safety standards for instance). But at the very same time, privatization has deeply transformed extension systems. Thus, it is important to understand both the institutional and organisational components of the dynamics of extension to evaluate the impact of privatization on new goals of Europe’s agricultural and rural policies. To achieve that purpose, I have built a theoretical and methodological framework based on a representation of agricultural extension as a service relation that enables a coproduction of knowledge. It makes it possible not only to take into account the specificities of advisory services at the microeconomic level regarding the exchanges between farmers and advisers, but also to analyze the dynamics of extension at the level of agricultural sector. Combining theoretical tools from regulationist and evolutionary theories allows an analysis of the coherence between institutional and organisational dimensions of this dynamics and the goals of agricultural policies. In that prospect, an historical and comparative analysis was realized on empirical work and data collection in the three countries. The results show a couple of potential drawbacks in privatization. 1) Some groups of farmers who could play important roles in rural development (for instance: part-time farmers) would be excluded on the long run from access to relevant knowledge. 2) The withdrawal of state funding and management of extension has induced the deconstruction of collective frameworks of accumulation of knowledge, shared by a diversity of actors (farmers, extension suppliers, research institutes, etc. ), by weakening the links between them. This has been confirmed by a closer study of three different categories of private suppliers in the case of technical extension for cereal production in three areas: the French department of Ain, the Dutch province of Zeeland, and the German Länder of Brandenburg. The use of a specific framework for the analysis of the internal performance’s conception of these suppliers, made it possible to identify three different logics of services' production: a “service-based” logic, associated to consultancy firms, in which the personalization and individualization of advisory services play a key role; an “industrial” logic within the services of firms based on the intensive use of modelling software, and a logic “of segmentation” of the quality and intensity of the services of farmers’ cooperatives. Besides a better understanding of the consequences of the withdrawal of public funding on the functioning of a diversity of private extension’ suppliers, this analysis has shown that these suppliers tend to invest less and less in R&D activities for the accumulation and the validation of technological knowledge. This confirms that privatization weakens the institutional and organizational contribution of agricultural extension to a collective construction of a knowledge base which could enable agriculture to fulfil a diversity of objectives
Breton, Julie. "L'imputabilité des services de renseignement au Canada : le Service canadien du renseignement de sécurité et le Centre de la sécurité des télécommunications." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23860/23860.pdf.
Full textRazoux, Pierre. "La guerre israélo-arabe d'octobre 1973 : Echec et redressement d'un concept de combat aéroblindé." Montpellier 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON30040.
Full textThe arab-israeli's war of october 1973 was a limited conflict initiated by the egyptian president sadat in order to get things moving again. Fighting was confined within the suez canal area and the golan heights. This war modified the strategic balance in the middle east, thus proving the importance of intelligence for counter surprise effect. At this occasion, the united states took this opportunity to achieve a diplomatic breakthrough in the area, by getting closer to egypt and moving this country away from the soviet influence. An analysis of the events allows us to qualify and even to contradict a lot of generally accepted ideas. In fact, this analysis gives the impression of a more balanced and disputed conflict compared with the prevailing vision of it. October's war can be considered as a turning point conflict : from a political point of view, this war was a real arabian succes. In proving the efficiency of the oil weapon and in creating a confrontation between the two great powers, arabian leade s have given to this local crisis a world-wide importance, thus reviving the arab-israeli's conflict dynamics. In israel, this war has created a real earthquake, which destroyed a lot of myths. From a military point of view, the israelian army was victorious. After driving back syrian army beyond their starting bases, the israelian army crossed the suez canal and isolated one of egyptian army, threatening it with total destruction. Nevertheless, israelian victory was not decisive. Indeed, the israelian a my suffered serious setbacks during the three first days of the war. It was not abble to repulse the ennemy bridgeheads inside sinai. It sustained a lot of casualties by applying inadapted tactics as a result of an unsuitable military doctrine. The israelian army reversed this trend only by a salutary doctrinal recovery, while the arabian armies went in turn through a process of degradation of their own military doctrine. In the end, this conflict proved high technology to be essential in modern warfare. Air power and missiles took a major part in this war. However, their efficiency was exaggerated. Combined arms proved to be vital and the role of tanks and aircrafts has been restabilized. Last, battles proved again the importance of human's factor
Branche, Raphaëlle. "L'armée et la torture pendant la guerre d'Algérie : les soldats, leurs chefs et les violences illégales." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0037.
Full textRomon, François. "Les écoutes radioélectriques et les services techniques des Transmissions dans la Résistance française, 1940-1945 : le Groupement des contrôles radioélectriques (GCR), le Service des transmissions nationales (STN) et le « Groupe Romon » du Service de renseignements (SR) Alliance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040034.
Full textA specific and hardly known way of resistance: the continuation of the fight against the german invader led within the technical services of Transmissions of French army, especially the Groupement des contrôles radioélectriques (GCR), the Radio control Group, immediatly after the armistice of June 1940 and carried on until the final victory. A resistance at the initiative of Transmission officers, which, at the heart of the institutions of the Etat français, French State, have secretly communicated military intelligence to the allied Forces. This latent resistance leads, after november 1942, up to an active resistance by the implementation of a clandestine network, the Service des transmissions nationales (STN), the National Transmissions Service, under the aegis of NAP-PTT, then to its integration, in october 1943, under the name « Groupe Romon », to the resistance network Alliance, as well as the commitment of numerous GCR transmitters in various other resistance networks.The case of a resistance from the inside which has effectively contributed to the final victory of the Allied, despite a systematic and ferocious repression from the occupant
Romon, François. "Les écoutes radioélectriques et les services techniques des Transmissions dans la Résistance française, 1940-1945 : le Groupement des contrôles radioélectriques (GCR), le Service des transmissions nationales (STN) et le « Groupe Romon » du Service de renseignements (SR) Alliance." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040034.
Full textA specific and hardly known way of resistance: the continuation of the fight against the german invader led within the technical services of Transmissions of French army, especially the Groupement des contrôles radioélectriques (GCR), the Radio control Group, immediatly after the armistice of June 1940 and carried on until the final victory. A resistance at the initiative of Transmission officers, which, at the heart of the institutions of the Etat français, French State, have secretly communicated military intelligence to the allied Forces. This latent resistance leads, after november 1942, up to an active resistance by the implementation of a clandestine network, the Service des transmissions nationales (STN), the National Transmissions Service, under the aegis of NAP-PTT, then to its integration, in october 1943, under the name « Groupe Romon », to the resistance network Alliance, as well as the commitment of numerous GCR transmitters in various other resistance networks.The case of a resistance from the inside which has effectively contributed to the final victory of the Allied, despite a systematic and ferocious repression from the occupant
Schmauch, Joseph. "Réintégrer les départements annexés : le gouvernement et les services d’Alsace-Lorraine (1914-1919)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0252/document.
Full textFrom 1915, the French government develops political and administrative plans for Alsace-Lorraine in case of a victorious peace. For that purpose, different organizations are involved in the conception of orientations to be applied after war. Following the armistice, a decree puts three commissars of the French Republic, in residence at Strasbourg, Metz and Colmar, in charge of prefectural duties. This study, about the civil organizations in charge of Alsace-Lorraine during the First World War, lies within an administrative, but also political frame. It is dealing with the positioning of French authorities, facing a substitution of sovereignty: definition of an administrative system, adaptation of the existent laws, integration into the French economic space, orientations to be given in the fields of language, scholarship or religion. It questions the practices of government in a context of war and of redefinition of the relations between State and regional power. The geographical frame, in which this research is inscribed, leads necessarily to make comparisons with the reflections about the future of Alsace-Lorraine in case of an imperial victory, that are taking place in Germany in the same time. The analysis will first deal with the projects, which are developed by the organizations in charge of preparing the future of the annexed provinces. To underline this French wish of a return of Alsace-Lorraine, the study will also be handling with the organizations in charge of “inspire love toward France”. The thesis will also be dealing with the different organizations in charge to govern concretely Alsace and Lorraine, in a first time the only territories in Upper-Alsace, that are occupied by the French armies, and during the months that are following November the 11th 1918, the entire the three departments in totality
Bin-Nun, Yigal. "Les relations secrètes entre le Maroc et Israe͏̈l, et l'émigration juive, de l'indépendance du Maroc au naufrage d'Egoz, 1956-1960." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082080.
Full textBrunn, Matthias. "Idées globalisées, défis nationaux : l’introduction du Disease Management et du paiement à la performance en France et en Allemagne." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV020/document.
Full textHealth systems in many welfare states are undergoing important transformations, triggered by increasing budgetary pressures and characterized by the growing role of market and rationalization measures. In this context, France and Germany have introduced disease management (DM) programs to deliver more structured patient care and pay-for-performance (P4P) measures to provide financial incentives for providers meeting certain objectives.These reforms, which reflect the increasing role of the State in both statutory health insurance systems, were inspired by Anglo-Saxon models but translated in distinct ways, owing to differences in the two countries’ systems. In Germany, DM and P4P were based on increasing competition between sickness funds and between hospitals, while in France these reforms reflected a shift by its central insurance system “from payer to player”.The positioning of the medical profession vis-a-vis these new instruments of governance, which are hierarchical in nature and impose stronger public accountability, was a key issue in both France and Germany. The negotiation processes were accompanied by a growing disconnect between physician representatives and their memberships in both countries, despite significant differences in the way physicians are traditionally integrated into health system regulation