Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Services de raisonnement'
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Ayari, Naouel. "Modélisation des connaissances et raisonnement à base d'ontologies spatio-temporelles : application à la robotique ambiante d'assistance." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1023.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose a generic framework for modeling and managing the context in ambient and robotic intelligent systems. The contextual knowledge considered is of several types and derived from multimodal perceptions : spatial and / or temporal knowledge, change of states and properties of entities, statements in natural language. To do this, we proposed an extension of the Narrative Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (NKRL) language to reach a unified representation of contextual knowledge whether spatial, temporal or spatio-temporal and perform the associated reasoning. We have exploited the expressiveness of the n-ary ontologies on which the NKRL language is based to bearing on the problems encountered in the spatial and dynamic knowledge representation approaches based on binary ontologies, commonly used in ambient intelligence and robotics. The result is a richer, finer and more coherent modeling of the context allowing a better adaptation of user assistance services in the context of ambient and robotic intelligent systems. The first contribution concerns the modeling of spatial and / or temporal knowledge and contextual changes, and spatial, temporal or spatial-temporal inferences. The second contribution concerns the development of a methodology allowing to carry out a syntactic treatment and a semantic annotation to extract, from a statement in natural language, spatial or temporal contextual knowledge in NKRL. These contributions have been validated and evaluated in terms of performance (processing time, error rate, and user satisfaction rate) in scenarios involving different forms of services: wellbeing assistance, social assistance, assistance with the preparation of a meal
Yacoubi, Nadia. "Une nouvelle approche de Découverte et de Composition de Services Web à base de médiation sémantique et de raisonnement déductif : application au domaine informatique." Paris, CNAM, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CNAM0703.
Full textL’avènement du Web sémantique a permis l’apparition d’une nouvelle génération de services Web, dénommés Services Web Sémantiques (SWS) intégrant dans leurs descriptions une dimension sémantique décrivant différents aspects fonctionnels et non fonctionnels d’un service Web. Au niveau de cette thèse, nous proposons un méta-framework stratifié que nous nommons BioMed pour la médiation de services Web dans le domaine bioinformatique, cette médiation est triple, à la fois interprétative, ontologique et inférentielle. Le travail mené consiste à proposer une méthodologie de sémantisation de services Web en proposant un modèle de descriptions canoniques de SWS réconciliant des descriptions hétérogènes créées sous différents frameworks. Une réconciliation tant sémantique qu’ontologique au cours de laquelle les SWS décrits canoniquement s’adossent à une méta-carte ontologique permet de pallier à l’hétérogénéité des ontologies du domaine. Deux grandes classes de processus sont considérées: la découverte et la composition de SWS. Ces deux processus sont effectués à travers un moteur inférentiel Datalog-like conçu comme un méta-service Web déductif et sur la base d’une sémantique inférentielle élargissant la couverture sémantique des descriptions et l’espace de recherche des services atomiques et celui des services composables dans le cas d’une composition. Les expérimentations montrent l’impact des techniques de relaxation sur la taille de l’espace de recherche des services découverts. Enfin, nous proposons différentes alternatives afin de classer l’ensemble des solutions et cela afin de déceler les meilleurs services atomiques et/ou plans de composition
Carrier, Annie. "Raisonnement clinique de l’ergothérapeute en milieu communautaire : rôle de la dimension institutionnelle des contextes sociétal et de pratique." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6829.
Full textAbstract : Community occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning (CR) takes place in constantly evolving contexts. The institutional dimension (ID) of these contexts includes legal and regulatory, administrative and organizational elements, including performance optimization processes. Such processes aim at increasing the efficiency of Health and Social Services Centers (HSSC) homecare occupational therapy services. However, the particular elements of ID involved in CR, including performance optimization, and how they are involved in the choice of occupational therapy interventions, remain unknown. This study aimed to: (1) describe the CR of community occupational therapists; (2) describe the elements of the ID involved; and (3) explore how accountability processes and performance optimization are involved. An institutional ethnography (IE) inquiry was conducted with ten occupational therapists in three Health and Social Services Centres (HSSCs) in Québec. Observations and semi-structured interviews were conducted with these occupational therapists and 12 secondary key informants (colleagues and managers). Documents accessible to and used by occupational therapists were also collected and analyzed with a data extraction grid. All data were analyzed and interpreted using the IE process. The findings revealed that the CR of community occupational therapists considers 13 elements of the ID. These elements modulate how occupational therapists formulate the problem, consider the solutions and make decisions (obj. 1). Second, the CR of participants almost constantly involves three administrative and two organizational elements of the ID (obj. 2). Administrative elements include: institutional procedures, the HSSC’s services offer, and the continuity of services. Organizational elements include: the expected response of the occupational therapist (mandate) and delays in access to services. Third, the occupational therapists’ CR includes a constant preoccupation about their performance (obj. 3), which restricts the time and follow-up allocated to each client. The clinicians’ assessments and their interventions are often limited to the object of referral, which is usually about autonomy in personal care and mobility, unless the client’s safety is threatened. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the involvement of ID and, specifically, the performance optimization process, in the CR of community occupational therapists. The performance preoccupation is associated with a reduction in occupational therapists’ range of actions. Therefore, their capacity to be truly autonomous, the clients’ access to services as well as the fulfilment of the healthcare system’s objectives are compromised.
Lécué, Freddy. "Composition de Services Web: Une Approche basée Liens Sémantiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782557.
Full textPucel, Xavier. "Un point de vue unifié sur la diagnosticabilité." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354934.
Full textLima, Dutra Moisés. "An ontology-based approach to manage conflicts in collaborative design." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10241/document.
Full textToday’s complex design projects require teams of designers to work collaboratively by sharing their respective expertise in order to produce effective design solutions. Due to the increasing need for exchanging knowledge, modern design projects are more structured to work with distributed virtual teams that collaborate over computer networks to achieve overall optimization in design. Nevertheless, in a collaborative design process, the integration of multidisciplinary virtual teams – involving exchange and sharing of knowledge and expertise – frequently and inevitably generates conflicting situations. Different experts’ viewpoints and perspectives, in addition to several ways of communicating and collaborating at the knowledge level, make all this process very hard to manage. In order to achieve an optimal scenario, some problems must first be solved, such as requirement specification and formalization, ontology integration, and conflict detection and resolution. Specifying and formalizing the knowledge demands a great effort towards obtaining representation patterns that aggregate several disjoint knowledge areas. Each expert should express himself so that the others can understand his information correctly. It is necessary, therefore, to use a flexible and sufficiently extensive data representation model to accomplish such a task. Some current models fall short of providing an effective solution to effective knowledge sharing and collaboration on design projects, because they fail to combine the geographical, temporal, and functional design aspects with a flexible and generic knowledge representation model. This work proposes an information model-driven collaborative design architecture that supports synchronous, generic, service-oriented, agent-based, and ontology-based teamwork. Particular representation models are transformed into ontology instances and merged together in order to accomplish the final product design. It is a synchronous approach because the concurrent processes are undertaken at the same time that the interactions among designers take place. It is generic because it provides the users with two approaches for ontology integration: the use of a predefined generic ontology and the harmonization process. Our proposal focuses on collaborative design conflict resolution by using Web Ontology Language (OWL) and Web Services, the former as a tool for knowledge representation and the latter as a technological support for communication
De, Oliveira Joffrey. "Gestion de graphes de connaissances dans l'informatique en périphérie : gestion de flux, autonomie et adaptabilité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UEFL2069.
Full textThe research work carried out as part of this PhD thesis lies at the interface between the Semantic Web, databases and edge computing. Indeed, our objective is to design, develop and evaluate a database management system (DBMS) based on the W3C Resource Description Framework (RDF) data model, which must be adapted to the terminals found in Edge computing.The possible applications of such a system are numerous and cover a wide range of sectors such as industry, finance and medicine, to name but a few. As proof of this, the subject of this thesis was defined with the team from the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAI) at ENGIE Lab CRIGEN. The latter is ENGIE's research and development centre dedicated to green gases (hydrogen, biogas and liquefied gases), new uses of energy in cities and buildings, industry and emerging technologies (digital and artificial intelligence, drones and robots, nanotechnologies and sensors). CSAI financed this thesis as part of a CIFRE-type collaboration.The functionalities of a system satisfying these characteristics must enable anomalies and exceptional situations to be detected in a relevant and effective way from measurements taken by sensors and/or actuators. In an industrial context, this could mean detecting excessively high measurements, for example of pressure or flow rate in a gas distribution network, which could potentially compromise infrastructure or even the safety of individuals. This detection must be carried out using a user-friendly approach to enable as many users as possible, including non-programmers, to describe risk situations. The approach must therefore be declarative, not procedural, and must be based on a query language, such as SPARQL.We believe that Semantic Web technologies can make a major contribution in this context. Indeed, the ability to infer implicit consequences from explicit data and knowledge is a means of creating new services that are distinguished by their ability to adjust to the circumstances encountered and to make autonomous decisions. This can be achieved by generating new queries in certain alarming situations, or by defining a minimal sub-graph of knowledge that an instance of our DBMS needs in order to respond to all of its queries.The design of such a DBMS must also take into account the inherent constraints of Edge computing, i.e. the limits in terms of computing capacity, storage, bandwidth and sometimes energy (when the terminal is powered by a solar panel or a battery). Architectural and technological choices must therefore be made to meet these limitations. With regard to the representation of data and knowledge, our design choice fell on succinct data structures (SDS), which offer, among other advantages, the fact that they are very compact and do not require decompression during querying. Similarly, it was necessary to integrate data flow management within our DBMS, for example with support for windowing in continuous SPARQL queries, and for the various services supported by our system. Finally, as anomaly detection is an area where knowledge can evolve, we have integrated support for modifications to the knowledge graphs stored on the client instances of our DBMS. This support translates into an extension of certain SDS structures used in our prototype
Kodys, Martin. "Raisonnement sémantique pour une plateforme d’assistance intelligente orienté bien-être et santé numérique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM033.
Full textConnected objects of everyday living have made their way into our lives. Known as Internet of Things, the various technologies inspire a vast variety of applications. One of the pioneer applications is the concept and development of a smart home. This is now spreading outdoors; making vehicles, buildings, and even large cities smart. Moreover, the technology is getting more personal as well – as wearing smart clothes and other self-tracking devices become increasingly common and popular. This is often referred to as the quantified self.One particular case of a smart environment is ambient assisted living, which is designed to enhance elderly people’s day-to-day life. Such a ubiquitous and unobtrusive computer system can also be ported to other domains and age groups. For instance, the tracking of daily activities can also help younger adults to improve their lifestyle. Everyone can be encouraged to maintain a healthy lifestyle, perform sufficient physical activity, and make more informed decisions about their mobility. These are direct factors in preventing health risks, such as metabolic diseases like the type 2 diabetes, and allow a better control over respiratory diseases like the asthma.Driven by these ideas, this thesis explores the possibilities of a web-based platform with a semantic rule-based reasoning. The thesis details the work on technical improvements, enhancements in activity recognition, extensions for data analysis, and a mobility-oriented application.Following a user-centric approach, a real life deployment of the described technologies is necessary. Two use cases are examined. First, I enhanced and built upon a pre-existing system, which consists of sensors and a gateway placed into elderly participants' homes. The second use case is the deployment of a mobile phone application for active mobility assistance. Collecting relevant and timely data, the application then outputs a level of recommendation for every type of mobility. The recommendations are based on each user’s exercise tracking device, which incorporates their goals, their profiles, and other publicly available data sources such as weather and air quality.This thesis describes the outcomes and lessons learnt from these deployments. In addition, this thesis provides an in-depth discussion as well as analytical insights on the results of the deployments
Tiberghien, Thibaut. "Strategies for context reasoning in assistive livings for the elderly." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01048698.
Full textCariou, Didier. "Le raisonnement par analogie : un outil au service de la construction du savoir en histoire par les élèves." Amiens, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AMIE0004.
Full textThis research is about activities to build up historical knowledge by pupils in the 5th year. They appear in reasoning by analogy, bringing together a situation of the past or of the present, already known, and a situation in the past, to be known. The reasoning constitute then, virtually experimental situations by which pupils mobilise the thought processes of conceptualisation and explanation. The analogies found are analysed in the light of a transformational model of the appropriation of knowledge in history, inspired by the theory of learning of Vygostki and of the theory of social representations of Moscovici. In a first stage, practised by the whole group of pupils, scientific information are transformed in a common sense knowledge, by bringing them together with elements of their representative social thoughts or of their historical knowledge. A second stage involves the control and the formalisation of this knowledge by activities of historicism supervised by the teacher. Those two stages articulate themselves by the recording of the pupils' writings in the style of the historical story, defined by Ricoeur
Renaud, Bertrand. "Aide à la décision médicale par les règles de prédiction clinique au service d'urgence : l'exemple de la pneumopathie aigue communautaire." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066543.
Full textThe explonentially increasing amount of medical knowledge compromises its transfer to medical practice and results in suboptimal quality of care. This is of particular interest with regard to emergency medicine. Indeed, in few other domains of medicine is there such variety, novelty, distraction, and chaos, all juxtaposed to a need for expeditious and judicious thinking and in no other area of medicine, is decision density as high. Therefore, emergency medicine is particularly exposed to reveal the cognitive limits of medical decision making. Indeed, medical decision mainly depends on emergency physicians ability to predict patients’ outcome based on data available at presentation. Clinical prediction rules are the best evidence for guiding medical decision. The following text reports several studies conducted by the emergency department team of H Mondor university related hospital about the usefulness of a clinical prediction rule for guiding medical decision making process of patients presenting with a community acquired pneumonia (CAP). First, the European validation of the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) that has been intially developped in North America is reported. The second study reports the impact of routine use of the PSI in French emergency departments. Then, we report an evaluation of professional practices consisting in the implemention of a comprehensive strategy that included PSI assessment via the emergency department computerized medical file. Finally, the last two reports present on the one hand the development of a new clinical prediction rule for the severe CAP (REA-ICU: Risk of Early Admission to Intensive Care Unit) and on the other hand a demonstration by recurrence of the actual usefulness of this new rule that could be able to signicantly modify medical practices
Ho, Dinh Khanh. "Gestion des ressources et de l’énergie orientée qualité de service pour les systèmes robotiques mobiles autonomes." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4000.
Full textMobile robotic systems are becoming more and more complex with the integration of advanced sensing and acting components and functionalities to perform the real required missions. For these technical systems, the requirements are divided into two categories: functional and non-functional requirements. While functional requirements represent what the robot must do to accomplish the mission, non-functional requirements represent how the robot performs the mission. Thus, the quality of service and energy efficiency of a robotic mission are classified in this category. The autonomy of these systems is fully achieved when both functional and non-functional requirements are guaranteed without any human intervention or any external control. However, these mobile systems are naturally confronted with resource availability and energy capacity constraints, particularly in the context of long-term missions, these constraints become more critical. In addition, the performance of these systems is also influenced by unexpected and unstructured environmental conditions in which they interact. The management of resources and energy during operation is therefore a challenge for autonomous mobile robots in order to guarantee the desired performance objectives while respecting constraints. In this context, the ability of the robotic system to become aware of its own internal behaviors and physical environment and to adapt to these dynamic circumstances becomes important.This thesis focuses on the quality of service and energy efficiency of mobile robotic systems and proposes a hierarchical run-time management in order to guarantee these non-functional objectives of each robotic mission. At the local management level of each robotic mission, a Mission Manager employs a reinforcement learning-based decision-making mechanism to automatically reconfigure certain key mission-specific parameters to minimize the level of violation of required performance and energy objectives. At the global management level of the whole system, a Multi-Mission Manager leveraged rule-based decision-making and case-based reasoning techniques monitors the system's resources and the responses of Mission Managers in order to decide to reallocate the energy budget, regulate the quality of service and trigger the online learning for each robotic mission.The proposed methodology has been successfully prototyped and validated in a simulation environment and the run-time management framework is also integrated into our real mobile robotic system based on a Pioneer-3DX mobile base equipped with an embedded NVIDIA Jetson Xavier platform
Marin-Urias, Luis Felipe. "Planification et contrôle de mouvements en interaction avec l'homme. Reasoning about space for human-robot interaction." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468918.
Full textEtienne, Laurent. "Motifs spatio-temporels de trajectoires d'objets mobiles, de l'extraction à la détection de comportements inhabituels : application au trafic maritime." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667953.
Full textBergeron, Jacques. "Intégration de services de raisonnement automatique basés sur les logiques de description dans les applications d’entreprise." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9101.
Full textThis master thesis presents a software architectural pattern for use in an object oriented environment to simultaneously access objects in multiple functional hierarchies. A Description Logics (Semantic Web) reasoner is used to classify the objects in the hierarchies. Object creation is simplifed by the use of an ORM - Object Relational Mapper. The pattern effectively allows automatic reasoning procedures to be used in an enterprise application context. All concepts required to understand the architectural pattern and the tools are presented. Usage conditions for the pattern are discussed and research projects are presented to widen the pattern’s applicability. A prototype applying the pattern on a simple problem is presented. A methodology is also presented. Finally, other potential uses of Description Logics based automatic reasoning procedures are discussed.
Sauvé, Véronique. "L’exercice du raisonnement clinique d’infirmières du programme SIPPE lorsqu’elles priorisent leurs interventions auprès de familles qui vivent en contexte de vulnérabilité." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8615.
Full textThe goal of this qualitative study was to explore the clinical reasoning of primary care nurses in CLSC/CSSS when they set priorities for their interventions with vulnerable families as part of the Integrated Perinatal and Early Childhood Services (SIPPE) program. This case study comprises a purposeful sample of seven postnatal care episodes involving two nurses and seven families. Data were collected using the think-aloud method, followed by semi-structured interviews with nurses. Qualitative data analysis was performed using interpretive methods and category counting. The resulting categories and patterns were developed based on Tanner's (2006) model of clinical judgement in nursing and Fonteyn's (1998) clinical reasoning patterns. Study results suggest that clinical reasoning processes do not differ according to the type of priority, whether the situation is more or less urgent. Moreover, there is diversity in the types of clinical reasoning employed within the seven care episodes; and it appears that a narrative reasoning process is favoured. If a family's needs are urgent, nurses prioritize these needs. When conditions indicate that there is greater potential for vulnerability, a more systematic form of clinical reasoning, identified here as «collecting data to form relationships and to present a proposal for action», is used to prioritize interventions. This pattern is more likely when a first child is involved and when the family is less likely to turn to other support resources. Otherwise, if this is a second child and the family uses other resources, the nurse tends to apply routine SIPPE interventions. Finally, our results suggest that a systemic view of a family's living circumstances, rather than keeping the focus on the infant's well-being, could make it more difficult to set intervention priorities. This study highlights nurses' ongoing commitment to families facing significant challenges. However, it is important to support the development of a broader inventory of clinical reasoning processes to bolster nurses' capacity to prioritize interventions that take place in contexts of multiple organizational constraints.
Mhanna, Samir. "IIS : an intelligent interaction system that provides e-service, based on interaction and case-based reasoning." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14567.
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