Academic literature on the topic 'Service industries Australia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Service industries Australia"
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Martins, Jo M., and Godfrey Isouard. "Managers of Health Services in Australia 2006-2016." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 13, no. 3 (December 16, 2018): i26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v13i3.125.
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Purpose: Activity in health services is expanding faster than population growth and that of the production of all goods and services in Australia. This paper is concerned with the number and characteristics of its managers in relation to the number of people employed and resources used. It also assesses different trends in hospitals and other medical and health services.
Methodology/Design: Design of the analyses follows specifications set by the authors for tabulations prepared by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) from the censuses of population conducted by ABS in 2006 and 2016.
Analysis: Assesses changes in the number and variations in the characteristics of managers of hospitals and medical and other health services, in relation to the number of people employed, contrasted with changes in all industries.
Findings: There are different trends in hospitals and medical and other health services, with a decline in the number of employees per manager in medical and other health services and a slight rise in hospitals. The older average age of health service managers continued to rise, similarly to that for all industries. The proportion of female managers in health services, below the average for all employees, increased somewhat during the decade. The distribution among the various fields of study remained about the same; but level of education, higher than the average for all industries continued to rise.The growth in average income of managers during the decade was somewhat lower than in all industries, due to a lower increase rate in medical and other health services. The proportion of managers of indigenous status rose substantially – almost double the proportion in all industries.
Implications: The findings are of relevance to those concerned with the management of health services and training of the growing number of managers of health services in Australia.
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Ntoung Agbor Tabot, Lious, Outman Ben Chettah, and Eva Masárova. "Agency cost of type I and accounting numbers in Australia and India." Corporate Ownership and Control 13, no. 4 (2016): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i4c2p4.
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This paper has as objective to assess the agency cost of type I on the value relevance of accounting numbers (earnings and book value) for all listed firms in the manufacturing, retailing and service industries in Australia and India from 2005 to 2012 using the modified version of the Ohlson’ model in Faud and Mohd, (2008) where price is express as a linear function of earnings, book value and various accounting numbers. As predicted, the results show that both earnings and book value are value relevance for the manufacturing, retailing and servicing industry in Australia and India. The presence of the free cash flow agency problem caused the value relevance of earnings and book value to decline in Australia and India. However, the effect is not stable across the difference industries. The results show that in the manufacturing industry, the effect caused by the free cash flow agency problem is relatively higher for Australia and India than in the retail and service industries. As a result, the firms in the manufacturing with free cash flow agency problem have lower earnings (book value) coefficients than those without free cash flow agency problem
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Frenkel, Stephen. "Workplace Relations: Past, Present and Future." Australian Journal of Management 27, no. 1_suppl (June 2002): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/031289620202701s15.
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This paper briefly describes and explains a research trajectory that spans 25 years and provides some pointers for future research. Three sets of studies are addressed and organised thematically. The theme of the first research program is industrial conflict and accommodation, and the settings include strike-prone industries in Britain and Australia in the decade, 1973–83. The second set of studies addresses the theme of globalisation and the impact of multinational corporations on workplace relations. Relevant settings include countries in Africa, Europe and especially Asia in the period, 1994–2002. The third research program has the informational economy as its theme. This includes an emphasis on computer technology, services and knowledge work. The research focus is on workplace relations in customer-contact service firms, and in new industries such as biotechnology and software development that are particularly dependent on innovation.
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Greiner, Romy, Iain Gordon, and Chris Cocklin. "Ecosystem services from tropical savannas: economic opportunities through payments for environmental services." Rangeland Journal 31, no. 1 (2009): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj08067.
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Economic activity in the tropical savannas of northern Australia, like rangeland regions across the globe, has traditionally been based on primary production – predominantly cattle grazing and mining. More recently, northern Australia has experienced an increase in the extent of the conservation estate and in tourism and associated service industries. These trends demonstrate an increasing recognition of the multifunctional character of the tropical savannas and business opportunities additional to the traditional primary production systems. The increasing recognition of the multifunctionality of landscapes and increasing demand for ecosystem services provides potential opportunities for economic returns for businesses and communities in the tropical savannas through the delivery of environmental services to sustain the region’s natural capital. This paper pursues two objectives. Firstly, it sets out to provide conceptual clarity around the notions of ecosystem services, environmental services and payments for environmental services (PES). Secondly, we sketch some of the opportunities associated with PES, with particular reference to the Gulf of Carpentaria in northern Australia.
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Hartwell, John. "2009 Release of offshore petroleum exploration acreage." APPEA Journal 49, no. 1 (2009): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08030.
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John Hartwell is Head of the Resources Division in the Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, Canberra Australia. The Resources Division provides advice to the Australian Government on policy issues, legislative changes and administrative matters related to the petroleum industry, upstream and downstream and the coal and minerals industries. In addition to his divisional responsibilities, he is the Australian Commissioner for the Australia/East Timor Joint Petroleum Development Area and Chairman of the National Oil and Gas Safety Advisory Committee. He also chairs two of the taskforces, Clean Fossil Energy and Aluminium, under the Asia Pacific Partnership for Clean Development and Climate (AP6). He serves on two industry and government leadership groups delivering reports to the Australian Government, strategies for the oil and gas industry and framework for the uranium industry. More recently he led a team charged with responsibility for taking forward the Australian Government’s proposal to establish a global carbon capture and storage institute. He is involved in the implementation of a range of resource related initiatives under the Government’s Industry Action Agenda process, including mining and technology services, minerals exploration and light metals. Previously he served as Deputy Chairman of the Snowy Mountains Council and the Commonwealth representative to the Natural Gas Pipelines Advisory Committee. He has occupied a wide range of positions in the Australian Government dealing with trade, commodity, and energy and resource issues. He has worked in Treasury, the Department of Trade, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the Department of Primary Industries and Energy before the Department of Industry, Science and Resources. From 1992–96 he was a Minister Counsellor in the Australian Embassy, Washington, with responsibility for agriculture and resource issues and also served in the Australian High Commission, London (1981–84) as the Counsellor/senior trade relations officer. He holds a MComm in economics, and Honours in economics from the University of New South Wales, Australia. Prior to joining the Australian Government, worked as a bank economist. He was awarded a public service medal in 2005 for his work on resources issues for the Australian Government.
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Goldsmith, Ben, Stuart Cunningham, and Michael Dezuanni. "Screen production for education: digital disruption in an ‘ancillary’ market." Media International Australia 162, no. 1 (November 16, 2016): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x16678082.
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The thoroughgoing digital disruption of the entertainment-based screen industries has now been well documented. But the factors that drive such disruption are in no way unique to mainstream media industries. The distribution and use of screen content in education in many ways parallel the experience of the broader screen industries. Just as traditional entertainment and information are being challenged by new online services, so too traditional modes of distributing and accessing screen content in education are being disrupted by online services. This article analyses these dynamics in Australia, placing them in historical perspective and using three contrasting case studies to exemplify key aspects of the digital disruption of education: ABC Splash exemplifies the public service broadcasting (PSB) ‘tutelage’ model; YouTube exemplifies digital disruption— immensely popular despite numerous education authorities’ attempts to restrict access to it; and ClickView exemplifies the ‘born digital’ company employing advanced technology, business strategy, and professional pedagogics.
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Baron, Michael. "Digital Transformation: Identifying Trends in the Covid-Fuelled Brick-To-Click Service Delivery Transition & Establishing Digital Transformation Models – Preliminary Review." International Journal of Education Research and Development 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52760/ijerd.v2i1.24.
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COVID-19 reached the Australian shores by the end of January 2020 with the disruptive lockdowns commencing in March and continuing on and off till October, 2021. The initial lockdowns have proved to be particularly disruptive to the service industries’ operations as they resulted in dramatic and forced migration of the traditionally brick-and-mortar or hybrid (brick-and-click) operations into the digital space. Being un unplanned move, it has caught many organisations unprepared and without a carefully crafted step-by-step digital transformation plan. In many of the instances, the transition had to be orchestrated literally overnight’. The main objective of this paper is to identify and to examine current state of the digital transformation of the service delivery processes by the means of investigating both literature and the Open Source Data available on the service industries and sectors both locally (in Australia) and internationally. The study is part of the preliminary investigation of the digital transformation ‘’boosters’’ and ‘’blockers’’ with the aim of establishing the Digital Transformation (DT) Framework as well as industry-wide practices for implementation and management of digital transformation programs.
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Asher, A. "NETWORK INDUSTRY REGULATION AND CONVERGENCE IN SERVICE DELIVERY: CHALLENGES FOR SUPPLIERS, USERS AND REGULATORS." APPEA Journal 38, no. 1 (1998): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj97054.
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The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has competition and fair-trading law responsibility for Australian industries. It has gained regulatory responsibilities for third-party access to telecommunications, soon will become the national regulator of gas pipeline access under a legislated code developed by the jurisdictions and industry working in a common forum, and will progressively become the national regulator of electricity transmission.This paper describes the ACCC's concept of the term 'efficient incentive regulation', gives examples of government decisions on network industry operations to which it is relevant and describes the general approach the ACCC will take in applying that concept, to encourage competition, innovation, economic investment and fair dealing by suppliers with users.The paper describes the relevance of the rise of national product markets and convergence in the delivery of telecommunications, electricity and gas services to the types of decisions the ACCC and State-based regulators will have to take and places those decisions in the context of common issues in regulatory reform internationally. Regulatory decisions taken for one network industry may have particular positive effects if the underlying principles flow on to others.A necessary part of dealing with national industries is the coordination of regulatory effort where Commonwealth and State/Territory regulators are involved. There is the risk in Australia that separation of regulatory powers between jurisdictional and national levels may cause welfare gains to business, customers and the wider community arising from the industry reform process to be lost if there are shortcomings in communications between regulators, duplication of effort or inconsistencies in approach. The paper describes the current division of responsibilities; the potential of the Utility Regulators' Forum to coordinate regulatory effort; and indicates the potential for losses of welfare and economic efficiency if COAG principles of a national approach to regulation are not fully embraced.The paper discusses the range of tools available to deal with challenges arising from privatisations, from the entry of multinational players to network industries and from the implementation of competition policy reforms, drawing on concerns about network industries raised with the ACCC, and on the ACCC's broader complaints experience. Finally, the paper outlines the reasons for policy-makers to pay particular attention to shaping and bringing light-handed but effective regulation to the areas of the converging network industries where market power remains unconstrained by competition, and for regulators to coordinate their administration of the regulated areas of network industries so that the policy objectives of incentive regulation are realised, resulting in the industry, users and the community sharing in the benefits.
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Crone, Gary, Lorraine Carey, and Peter Dowling. "Calling on Compensation in Australian Call Centres." Journal of Management & Organization 9, no. 3 (January 2003): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200004715.
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ABSTRACTWhile there is a growing body of research on telephone call centre management in the U.K. and the U.S.A., empirical studies in Australia are at an embryonic stage. To date, most of the studies have focussed on the management of employee performance. The principal aim of this study was to provide data on current compensation practices in Australian call centres and to determine the extent of their strategic and best-practice orientation. A second aim was to explore whether the strategic management of compensation can help to balance the tension between commitment to customer service and commitment to employee motivation.Using data collected through a mail questionnaire survey of telephone call centres operating in a range of industries in Australia, the paper explores the effect of compensation practices on employee performance, absenteeism and turnover. Following a review of the literature on call centre management and the literature on compensation strategies, the findings are presented. Key findings include: a) a significant negative correlation between annual salary and the number of calls handled by full-time customer service representatives (CSRs); b) a significant positive correlation between casual CSRs' pay rates and turnover; c) a significant negative correlation between full-time CSRs' pay and absenteeism; d) a highly significant difference between the compensation strategies currently practiced in Australian call centres and the strategies call centre managers think should be practiced and e) Australian call centre managers report their compensation strategies are not very effective in increasing performance or employee satisfaction.
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Crone, Gary, Lorraine Carey, and Peter Dowling. "Calling on Compensation in Australian Call Centres." Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 9, no. 3 (January 2003): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2003.9.3.62.
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ABSTRACTWhile there is a growing body of research on telephone call centre management in the U.K. and the U.S.A., empirical studies in Australia are at an embryonic stage. To date, most of the studies have focussed on the management of employee performance. The principal aim of this study was to provide data on current compensation practices in Australian call centres and to determine the extent of their strategic and best-practice orientation. A second aim was to explore whether the strategic management of compensation can help to balance the tension between commitment to customer service and commitment to employee motivation.Using data collected through a mail questionnaire survey of telephone call centres operating in a range of industries in Australia, the paper explores the effect of compensation practices on employee performance, absenteeism and turnover. Following a review of the literature on call centre management and the literature on compensation strategies, the findings are presented. Key findings include: a) a significant negative correlation between annual salary and the number of calls handled by full-time customer service representatives (CSRs); b) a significant positive correlation between casual CSRs' pay rates and turnover; c) a significant negative correlation between full-time CSRs' pay and absenteeism; d) a highly significant difference between the compensation strategies currently practiced in Australian call centres and the strategies call centre managers think should be practiced and e) Australian call centre managers report their compensation strategies are not very effective in increasing performance or employee satisfaction.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Service industries Australia"
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Taylor, Shane Patrick. "Processes of agglomeration and dispersal acting upon a producer service : the location of language tranlating and interpreting service providers in the Australian space economy." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999.
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Bax, Trent Malcolm. "Sex and work in the city Shanghai's service industry and the Chinese Modern Project: an ethnography of Chinese hairdressers and Australian blokes /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39558149.
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Skalko, Brodie-Ann. "Industrial action in Western Australia's public sector essential services." Thesis, Skalko, Brodie-Ann (2022) Industrial action in Western Australia's public sector essential services. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2022. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/65685/.
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Workers in essential services professions protect the safety, health or welfare of a community. Any disruption to the operation of essential services can mean that communities are unable to function effectively. For this reason, additional complications arise when people working in essential fields look to take industrial action. This thesis reflects on the often-competing interests of protecting essential service workers’ liberty to take industrial action (or right to strike) while upholding the life, safety, health or welfare of the community. The purpose of this thesis is to consider whether essential service workers in Western Australia’s Public Sector have sufficient freedom to access their right to strike; or if legislation is overly restrictive in this regard. Secondary purposes to this thesis include consideration of whether Australia’s Federal industrial relations system is more facilitative than Western Australia’s industrial relations system for essential service workers taking industrial action, and, whether some essential service professions should have greater limitations than others when taking industrial action. These issues will be addressed in light of the industrial situation for professions such as policing, teaching, firefighting and nursing. A macro assessment of the historical and present approaches to industrial action taken by essential service professions in Western Australia and Australia will be presented. The macro assessment suggests that industrial actions by core essential services is rarely taken, and, when done, it is reactive and the outcome of sustained frustrations over pay and working conditions. A comparative analysis of Australia’s compliance with international labour obligations on this issue highlights several shortcomings in Western Australia’s labour laws. These shortcomings mean that there is a need for Western Australia to enhance its proactive dispute resolution mechanisms to facilitate better access to the right to strike, and to bring domestic laws into better compliance with international obligations.
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Simpson, Ian Robert Safety Science Faculty of Science UNSW. "An investigation into the use of positive performance indicators to measure OHS performance." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Safety Science, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25732.
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This thesis describes the development, application and evaluation of an OHS measurement tool incorporating positive performance indicators to measure OHS performance in Australia Post, a large multi-site postal organisation. Positive Performance Indicators (PPIs) are identified as systematically implemented measures of the management processes initiated to achieve strategic goals. A literature review indicated that there was widespread support for the use of PPIs to measure OHS performance, with proponents advocating their use to monitor and promote implementation of target OHS strategies, and to evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies by using PPIs in conjunction with outcome indicators. Despite this widespread support, there was little practical guidance published on the development or application of PPIs, nor was there empirical evidence validating the claims of advocates. A series of research projects was undertaken to firstly develop - then evaluate - a set of OHS self-assessment tools incorporating PPIs. These projects comprised: review of the Australia Post OHS strategic plan, as the basis for the development of PPIs to measure that plan; development of a set of paper-based self-assessment tools incorporating quantitative OHS PPIs to measure the local implementation of the OHS strategic plan; quasi-experimental pilot study of the use of the OHS PPI self-assessment tools by Postal Managers, to investigate the reliability and effectiveness of the OHS PPI process in monitoring and driving conformance of OHS management processes; experimental study of the use of the OHS PPI self-assessment tools by Postal Delivery Facility Managers, to validate and extend the findings of the pilot study; development of a web-based software application to facilitate OHS PPI data collection and reporting; and, the use of correlation statistics to study the relationship of OHS PPIs with OHS outcome measures, and to assess their role in evaluating the effectiveness of specific OHS strategies. The studies demonstrated that the OHS PPI self-assessment tool could be effectively used by local facility managers to assess and report their implementation of the OHS strategic plan. In addition, the OHS PPI self-assessment process proved to strongly improve the local implementation of those OHS management processes measured. The study further showed that the consistent attention to OHS management processes driven by the OHS PPI measurement process assisted in the achievement of impressive OHS outcome improvements. However, the study showed that the use of correlation statistics to link OHS PPIs with outcome measures to evaluate the effectiveness of OHS management strategies has only limited value. Limitations in both the OHS PPI and outcome measurement data and in the correlation statistics restrict the extent to which findings can be interpreted or that conclusive judgements concerning the effectiveness of strategies can be drawn. The thesis concludes with an account of Australia Post's experiences in integrating OHS PPIs into its OHS management system.
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Bax, Trent Malcolm. "Sex and work in the city: Shanghai's service industry and the Chinese Modern Project: an ethnography of Chinesehairdressers and Australian blokes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39558149.
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Gregson, Sarah School of Industrial Relations & Organisational Behaviour UNSW. "Foot soldiers for capital: the influence of RSL racism on interwar industrial relations in Kalgoorlie and Broken Hill." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Industrial Relations and Organisational Behaviour, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19331.
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The historiography of Australian racism has principally "blamed" the labour movement for the existence of the White Australia policy and racist responses to the presence of migrant workers. This study argues that the motivations behind ruling class agitation for the White Australia policy have never been satisfactorily analysed. To address this omission, the role of the Returned and Services League of Australia (RSL) in race relations is examined. As an elite-dominated, cross-class organisation with links to every section of society, it is argued that the RSL was a significant agitator for migrant exclusion and white unity in the interwar period. The thesis employs case studies, oral history and qualitative assessment of various written sources, such as newspapers, archival records and secondary material, in order to plot the dynamics of racist ideology in two major mining centres in the interwar period. The results suggest that, although labour organisations were influenced by racist ideas and frequently protested against the presence of migrant workers, it was also true that mining employers had a material interest in sowing racial division in the workplaces they controlled. The study concludes that labour movement responses to migrant labour incorporated a range of different strategies, from demands for racist exclusion to moves towards international solidarity. It also reveals examples of local and migrant workers living, working, playing and striking together in ways that contradict the dominant view of perpetual tension between workers of different nationalities. Lastly, the case studies demonstrate that local employers actively encouraged racial division in the workplace as a bulwark against industrial militancy.
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Wright, David R. "Accident experience of Commonwealth Government employees in Western Australia : 1 June 1993 to 2 December 1995." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1998. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1444.
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This quantitative study documents, analyses and discusses the accident experience of Commonwealth employees in Western Australia from 1 July 1993 to 2 December 1995 as recorded on 1663 accident report forms. The research addresses the problem of lack of knowledge of accidents in the Commonwealth sector of the Western Australian work force. Its purpose is to identify possible areas of health and safety improvement and highlight where accident frequency may be reduced. Risk management is adopted as a conceptual framework to explore categories of accident related data, including month of year, time of day, day of the week of accidents, number of years of job experience, age and gender of the worker, accident frequency and severity. Where applicable accident related data was subjected to Chi-square statistical tests. Important findings, amongst others, include the identification of the month of August as having a higher frequency of accidents, inexperienced Commonwealth workers incurring 80.5% of accidents, and 64% of accidents involving men. Such findings are of importance to the Commonwealth so that prevention strategies targeted at these areas can be developed. Additional research utilising national data is recommended.
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Cutcher, Leanne Rose. "'Banking on the Customer': customer relations, employment relations and worker identity in the Australian retail banking industry." University of Sydney. Business, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/632.
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Previously consigned to the anonymity of �the product market� by researchers in traditional fields such as labour economics and industrial relations, the customer has recently attracted the attention of scholars from a diverse range of disciplines, including organisational behaviour, work psychology, labour process studies, gender studies, and critical management studies. In large part, this emerging interest in the customer is a result of the increasing dominance of service industries in developed economies and the recognition that service work entails a complex, three-way interaction between customers, management and workers. The literature identifies a range of competing and, at times, contradictory images of the customer. Rather than seeking to reconcile these competing representations, this thesis explores the multi-faceted nature of the customer presence and the implications for managers and workers in the retail banking industry in Australia. The thesis highlights how structural change and shifting discourses of the �customer� have influenced customer relations, employment relations, and worker identity in three areas of the retail banking industry: traditional retail banks, the credit union movement, and community banks. Drawing on detailed qualitative case study evidence, the thesis highlights the range of customers, both �real� and �constructed�, that can be found in the case study organisations. The thesis identifies the ways in which customers influence employment relations and how workers can be active in either accommodating or resisting the impact of these �customers� on workplace practice and worker identity. The central argument of the thesis is that, in addition to customers having a physical presence in and influence on organisational life, management and workers also construct �discursive customers� as a means of influencing the employment relationship and the meanings attached to service work. The study examines how these competing concepts of the customer and customer service influence both the customer-service provider relationship and service workers� relationships with one another and with management. Despite the increasing recognition that service work entails a three-way relationship between customers, management and workers, our understanding of how workers either welcome or resist the presence of this third actor in the employment relationship has, until recently remained very limited. This thesis makes a significant contribution to our understanding that for workers the customer is ever-present physically, emotionally and discursively.
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Pansiri, Jaloni University of Ballarat. "Harambe : strategic alliance formation and performance evaluation in the tourism sector of travel." University of Ballarat, 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12803.
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"This thesis investigates the influence of company and executive characteristics on strategic alliance formation (decision to form alliances, alliance type selection and choice of alliance partners) and performance evaluation of alliances, in the Australian tourism industry sector of travel. The significance of forming strategic alliances as a way of achieving 'harambe' is emphasised throughout this thesis. 'Harambe' is a ki-Swahili term meaning "to pull together, or to work together or to pull the same rope together at the same time" in harmony. The idea here is that companies pool their resources together through strategic alliances to be able to achieve their strategic goals and objectives. The research focuses on three travel sub-sectors - travel agencies, tour operators and wholesalers and how these sub-sectors relate with those of transport and accommodation." -Doctor of Philosophy
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Pansiri, Jaloni. "Harambe : strategic alliance formation and performance evaluation in the tourism sector of travel." University of Ballarat, 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/15396.
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"This thesis investigates the influence of company and executive characteristics on strategic alliance formation (decision to form alliances, alliance type selection and choice of alliance partners) and performance evaluation of alliances, in the Australian tourism industry sector of travel. The significance of forming strategic alliances as a way of achieving 'harambe' is emphasised throughout this thesis. 'Harambe' is a ki-Swahili term meaning "to pull together, or to work together or to pull the same rope together at the same time" in harmony. The idea here is that companies pool their resources together through strategic alliances to be able to achieve their strategic goals and objectives. The research focuses on three travel sub-sectors - travel agencies, tour operators and wholesalers and how these sub-sectors relate with those of transport and accommodation." -Doctor of Philosophy
Books on the topic "Service industries Australia"
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Parker, Philip M. Aircraft in Australia: A strategic reference, 2006. [San Diego, Calif.]: Icon Group International, 2007.
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Kriegler, Roy J. Achieving organizational effectiveness: Case studies in the Australian service sector. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.
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Tucker, K. A. International trade in services. London: Routledge, 1988.
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Heij, Gitte. Australian service companies in Indonesia: Learning from experience. Murdoch, W.A: Asia Research Centre, Murdoch University, 1997.
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McGuire, Linda. Australian services: Marketing and management. South Yarra: MacMillan Education Australia, 1999.
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Hadad, Muliaman D. Australian business and financial services in Indonesia. Caulfield East, Vic: Monash University, Dept. of Banking & Finance, 1993.
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Dabscheck, Braham. Australian industrial relations in the 1980s. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1989.
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Casson, Margaret. Casson's occupational health and safety in Australia: A guide to sources of information. 2nd ed. Stepney, South Australia: Techpress, 1986.
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Douglas, Lippoldt, and Tergeist Peter, eds. Innovations in labour market policies: The Australian way. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001.
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Wood, Leo. Lasers in the service of Australian industry: Report of a workshop held at Macquarie University, 17-18 February 1992. [Canberra]: Dept. of Industry, Technology and Commerce, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Service industries Australia"
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Castro, Maurice, and Rodney Maddock. "The Universal Service Obligation for Post: Some Australian Calculations." In Managing Change in the Postal and Delivery Industries, 258–69. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6321-1_13.
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Jack, Robert. "Leveraging Value Across Borders—Do ‘Market Place Interactions’ Trump ‘Market Space Transactions’?: Evidence from Australian Firms in Industrial Markets." In The Handbook of Service Innovation, 663–81. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6590-3_30.
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"The effects of a free trade agreement between Australia and China with special reference to the Australian textiles and service industries." In China and the Global Economy in the 21st Century, 110–67. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203806388-13.
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Al-Hajri, Salim, and Arthur Tatnall. "Factors Relating to the Adoption of Internet Technology by the Omani Banking Industry." In Electronic Services, 1261–79. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-967-5.ch077.
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The banking industry in Oman is of major importance to Oman’s economy, yet Omani banks continue to conduct most of their transactions using traditional methods. A strong banking industry significantly supports economic development through efficient financial services, and their role in trying to achieve the objectives outlined by the Sultan of Oman will depend heavily on the industry’s capabilities. Omni banks will need to introduce change at both procedural and informational levels that includes moving from traditional distribution channel banking to electronic channel banking. This chapter addresses the question: What are the enablers and the inhibitors of Internet technology adoption in the Omani banking industry compared with those in the Australian banking industry? The chapter does not attempt a direct comparison of the banking industries in these two very different countries, but rather presents a discussion of Internet technology adoption in Oman, informed by the more mature Australian experience.
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Abbott, Malcolm, and Bruce Cohen. "The vital connections." In Utilities Reform in Twenty-First Century Australia, 123–57. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865063.003.0006.
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In this chapter attention is directed at the communications sector (telecommunications and post). This sector was one of the first to be reformed starting with the creation of the Australian Postal Commission and Telecommunications Commission in 1975. The role of technological change in driving the reform process in the case of telecommunications is examined, along with the role of industrial relations concerns and the commitment of universal service obligations in the case of post. The extent of public ownership in the communications sector is also considered, including the decisions to initial sell off Australia’s telecommunications company, Telstra, and then later to reinvest in the National Broadband Network (NBN), as well as the decision to maintain Australia Post as a government business enterprise.
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Thompson, Helen. "Building Local Capacity via Scaleable Web-Based Services." In Electronic Services, 1310–18. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-967-5.ch080.
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Information communications technology (ICT) has been identified as a key enabler in the achievement of regional and rural success, particularly in terms of economic and business development. The potential of achieving equity of service through improved communications infrastructure and enhanced access to government, health, education, and other services has been identified. ICT has also been linked to the aspiration of community empowerment, where dimensions include revitalizing a sense of community, building regional capacity, enhancing democracy, and increasing social capital. In Australia, there has been a vision for online services to be used to open up regional communities to the rest of the world. Government support has been seen “as enhancing the competence levels of local economies and communities so they become strong enough to deal equitably in an increasingly open marketplace” (McGrath & More, 2002, p. 40). In a regional and rural context, the availability of practical assistance is often limited. Identification of the most appropriate online services for a particular community is sometimes difficult (Ashford, 1999; Papandrea & Wade, 2000; Pattulock & Albury Wodonga Area Consultative Committee, 2000). Calls, however, continue for regional communities to join the globalized, online world. These are supported by the view that success today is based less and less on natural resource wealth, labor costs, and relative exchange rates, and more and more on individual knowledge, skills, and innovation. But how can regional communities “grab their share of this wealth” and use it to strengthen local communities (Simpson 1999, p. 6)? Should communities be moving, as Porter (2001, p. 18) recommends (for business), away from the rhetoric about “Internet industries,” “e-business strategies,” and the “new economy,” to see the Internet as “an enabling technology—a powerful set of tools that can be used, wisely or unwisely, in almost any industry and as part of almost any strategy?” Recent Australian literature (particularly government literature) does indeed demonstrate somewhat of a shift in terms of the expectations of ICT and e-commerce (National Office for the Information Economy, 2001; Multimedia Victoria, 2002; National Office for the Information Economy, 2002). Consistent with reflections on international industry experience, there is now a greater emphasis on identifying locally appropriate initiatives, exploring opportunities for improving existing communication and service quality, and for using the Internet and ICT to support more efficient community processes and relationships (Hunter, 1999; Municipal Association of Victoria and ETC Electronic Trading Concepts Pty Ltd., 2000; National Office for the Information Economy, 2002). The objective of this article is to explore whether welldeveloped and well-implemented online services can make a positive contribution to the future of regional and rural communities. This will be achieved by disseminating some of the learning from the implementation of the MainStreet Regional Portal project (www.mainstreet.net.au). To provide a context for this case study, the next section introduces some theory relevant to virtual communities and portals. The concept of online communities is introduced and then literature is reviewed to identify factors that have been acknowledged as important in the success of online community and portal initiatives.
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Al-Hajri, Salim, and Arthur Tatnall. "Factors Relating to the Adoption of Internet Technology by the Omani Banking Industry." In E-Commerce Trends for Organizational Advancement, 264–82. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-964-9.ch015.
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The banking industry in Oman is of major importance to Oman’s economy, yet Omani banks continue to conduct most of their transactions using traditional methods. A strong banking industry significantly supports economic development through efficient financial services, and their role in trying to achieve the objectives outlined by the Sultan of Oman will depend heavily on the industry’s capabilities. Omni banks will need to introduce change at both procedural and informational levels that includes moving from traditional distribution channel banking to electronic channel banking. This chapter addresses the question: What are the enablers and the inhibitors of Internet technology adoption in the Omani banking industry compared with those in the Australian banking industry? The chapter does not attempt a direct comparison of the banking industries in these two very different countries, but rather presents a discussion of Internet technology adoption in Oman, informed by the more mature Australian experience.
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Al-Hajri, Salim, and Arthur Tatnall. "Adoption of Internet Technology by the Banking Industry in Oman." In Electronic Business, 1159–77. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-056-1.ch072.
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The banking industry in Oman is of major importance to Oman’s economy, yet Omani banks continue to conduct most of their transactions using traditional methods. A strong banking industry significantly supports economic development through efficient financial services, and their role in trying to achieve the objectives outlined by the Sultan of Oman will depend heavily on the industry’s capabilities. Omni banks will need to introduce change at both procedural and informational levels that includes moving from traditional distribution channel banking to electronic channel banking. This paper addresses the question: What are the enablers and the inhibitors of Internet technology adoption in the Omani banking industry compared with those in the Australian banking industry? The paper does not attempt a direct comparison of the banking industries in these two very different countries, but rather presents a discussion of Internet technology adoption in Oman, informed by the more mature Australian experience.
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Acosta, Yonni Angel Cuero, Isabel Torres Zapata, and Utz Dornberger. "Technology-Intensive Suppliers as a Key Element for Structural Change in Latin America." In Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics, 44–54. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6224-7.ch003.
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The current increase of commodity prices prompts the question regarding the extent to which the growth of primary industries is used as a basis of industrial development. Empirical evidence suggests the development of Technology-Intensive Suppliers (TIS) has played an important role in the industrialization process of the Nordic countries, Canada, and Australia. The development of local TIS may contribute to both reinforcing the industrial base and supporting structural change in developing countries. Therefore, it may provide a way to advance from natural resource dependence towards knowledge-based industrial activities. The TIS products are created under tailor-made concepts, giving solutions to their customers. TIS use knowledge and customer information to create innovation. These firms enhance value chains improving customer's competitive advantages (Dornberger & Torres, 2006). The relationship between the primary sector and its suppliers of technology can be seen as a backward linkage. Sectors with linkages of this kind use inputs from other industries (Hirschman, 1958). Hence, a fundamental goal of research in the context of developing countries is to understand the development of TIS and analysis of their improvement as a result of entrepreneurship intervention. This chapter covers the relevance of TIS firms in developing countries. TIS companies are frequently labeled as Micro-, Small-, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs). In conclusion, the findings highlight the need to pay more attention to TIS organizations in developing economies. In Latin America, TIS firms contribute to the employment and diversification of the economic structure of the region through value-added products and services.
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Acosta, Yonni Angel Cuero, Isabel Torres Zapata, and Utz Dornberger. "Technology-Intensive Suppliers as a Key Element for Structural Change in Latin America." In International Business, 2332–43. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9814-7.ch106.
Full textAbstract:
The current increase of commodity prices prompts the question regarding the extent to which the growth of primary industries is used as a basis of industrial development. Empirical evidence suggests the development of Technology-Intensive Suppliers (TIS) has played an important role in the industrialization process of the Nordic countries, Canada, and Australia. The development of local TIS may contribute to both reinforcing the industrial base and supporting structural change in developing countries. Therefore, it may provide a way to advance from natural resource dependence towards knowledge-based industrial activities. The TIS products are created under tailor-made concepts, giving solutions to their customers. TIS use knowledge and customer information to create innovation. These firms enhance value chains improving customer's competitive advantages (Dornberger & Torres, 2006). The relationship between the primary sector and its suppliers of technology can be seen as a backward linkage. Sectors with linkages of this kind use inputs from other industries (Hirschman, 1958). Hence, a fundamental goal of research in the context of developing countries is to understand the development of TIS and analysis of their improvement as a result of entrepreneurship intervention. This chapter covers the relevance of TIS firms in developing countries. TIS companies are frequently labeled as Micro-, Small-, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs). In conclusion, the findings highlight the need to pay more attention to TIS organizations in developing economies. In Latin America, TIS firms contribute to the employment and diversification of the economic structure of the region through value-added products and services.
Conference papers on the topic "Service industries Australia"
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Griffiths, Terry, David White, Scott Draper, Adam Leighton, and Antonino Fogliani. "Lateral Resistance of Pipes on Rocky Seabeds: Comparison Between Measurements and Models Based on Synthetic Seabeds." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61418.
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The behavior of pipelines, cables and umbilicals on rocky seabeds has to date received little research attention. This is despite the marine renewable energy and oil and gas industries relying on these ‘pipes’ to cross a variety of rocky seabed types in the presence of extreme metocean conditions. Present design solutions are challenging and costly, yet there remains a track record of in-service failures. This paper forms part of a wider research effort being undertaken by the University of Western Australia (UWA) into pipe behavior on rocky seabeds. This work includes the effects intermittent gaps have on hydrodynamic forces, the effect of seabed roughness on enhanced boundary layer thickness and the validity of existing hydrodynamic force models for small diameter cables. In this paper, the lateral resistance of pipes on rocky seabeds is investigated using both physical and numerical testing of model pipes over artificially-created rocky seabeds. Four model pipes of varying diameter have been displaced laterally over 1 m square model rocky seabeds, with a range of pipe to rock diameters. The lateral resistance of the physical pipe tests were recorded using load cells and a digital data-logger. Analysis of the physical test results has enabled comparison to (and refinement of) numerical models as well as improved understanding of the importance of different parameters. Our results show peak frictions above 6 arising under conditions where interface friction is only about 0.3, which contrasts dramatically with the friction value of 0.6 nominated in F109. This work contributes towards generation of new design methods suitable for application to field conditions.
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Shim, S. J., A. Kumar, and H. Hakami. "Internet usage trend and postal service performance in Australia." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2013.6962447.
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Alam, Firoz, and Reza N. Jazar. "An Experimental Study of Acid Exposed Fibre Reinforced Plastic Gratings." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64152.
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Fibre Reinforced Plastics (FRPs) generally have greater advantages over conventional materials for their structural properties. However, the service life can significantly be shortened if the fibre reinforced plastics are exposed to adverse environmental conditions especially acid vapour, humidity and high temperature. In many chemical industrial plants in Australia and elsewhere fibre reinforced plastic gratings are used as structural components of stairs and passages where they are subjected to varying degrees of fluosilicic acid, a byproduct of the industrial manufacturing process. As currently no experimental data on the effects of fluosilicic acid on FRPs is available in the public domain, it is difficult to predict the service life of FRPs with some certainty. In order to understand the structural strength of fluosilicic acid exposed FRPs, an experimental study was undertaken. A series of specimens from various locations of a chemical plan in Australia were acquired and studied. Some new specimens (not exposed to acid, humidity and high temperature) were also studied to provide a benchmark for the comparison. The results indicated that the long time exposure to harsh environment and acid vapour can significantly deteriorate the flexural strength and service life of FRPs.
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Jones, Brandon, Jeanee Beacham, and Terence Jeyaretnam. "Session 3 Youth As Agents of Change: Youth Dialogue with Industry and Government Leaders." In The 4th Global Virtual Conference of the Youth Environmental Alliance in Higher Education. Michigan Technological University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.yeah-conference/dec2021/all-events/18.
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"Speakers: Brandon Jones, Program Director, Geosciences and Education Divisions, US National Science Foundation Jeanne Beacham, President and CEO of Delphon Industries Terence Jeyaretnam, Partner at EY, Climate Change and Sustainability Services Australia We engaged in dialogue with industry and government leaders on the following questions: How can we pull on levers to create change? What are key innovative approaches for making real world change? What do the outcomes of COP26 mean for industry and government, and how can youth get involved?"
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Leyer, M., R. Willis, A. Chakraborty, and J. Moormann. "Operational control of service processes: Empirical evidence from the financial sector in Australia." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2013.6962599.
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Zhang, Xi-Ying, Charles Loader, Spencer Schilling, Vicente Hernandez, Kevin McSweeney, and Hai Gu. "3D Laser Scanning for Thickness Measurements of Hull Structures." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-63178.
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Abstract 3D scanning technology uses lasers to scan and capture object surfaces without physical surface contact. Laser scanning is gaining acceptance by many, including owners of marine or offshore assets as a viable inspection and validation method. Laser technology reduces operational times compared to traditional pit gauging techniques, particularly for large areas of widespread wastage or pitting. This paper studies the use of 3D scanning technology for inspection, thickness gauging, and steel wastage measurements of hull structures. Pilot tests were conducted on coated and uncorroded plates in Houston, USA, and uncoated and corroded plates and uncoated and deformed plates in Perth, Australia. Manual Ultrasonic Testing (UT) was conducted, which is the method currently accepted by International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) for thickness measurements of hull structures. For the coated plate, the coating thickness was measured on both sides of the plate. The coating thickness was deducted from the total thickness from 3D scanning before the plate thickness was compared with the UT results. Acceptance criteria are proposed to compare the Manual UT measurements with the 3D scanning measurements to determine if 3D laser scanning is a possible alternative thickness measurement method. The difference of thickness measurements from 3D scanning on coated and uncorroded plates is within 13% when compared with those from UT. The discrepancy is attributed to equipment accuracy tolerances, errors from data post-processing, and measurement errors due to coating surface roughness. For uncoated and corroded plates, the difference reduces to 3%, making the results of 3D scanning acceptable based on acceptance criteria. In addition, the higher accuracy of using 3D scanning to measure plate deformation is demonstrated over traditional methods which use stringlines or laser levels to create a reference surface. Comparisons of the coefficient of variation (CV) on all plates demonstrate the higher precision of 3D scanning technology than that of manual UT. The main limitation of 3D laser scanners is their inability to directly obtain steel thickness for structures that have been coated or painted, especially in watertight/oil-tight structures. The study identifies capabilities, accuracy, and limitations of using 3D scanning technology for thickness measurements of hull structures in the marine or offshore industries. Scanning technology can support inspections providing fast and precise means of thickness measurements of corroded plates without coating. It provides the potential for producing 3D models and analysis for follow-up inspections. Plausible use cases in the maritime industry include defect analysis, fitness for service assessment, damage assessment, and corrosion monitoring.
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Bhatti, H., A. Abareshi, and S. Pittayachawan. "An evaluation of customer repurchase behaviour in mobile telecommunication services in Australia." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2016.7797946.
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Lynch, Kathy, Aleksej Heinze, and Elsje Scott. "Information Technology Team Projects in Higher Education: An International Viewpoint." In InSITE 2007: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3059.
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It is common to find final or near final year undergraduate Information Technology students undertaking a substantial development project; a project where the students have the opportunity to be fully involved in the analysis, design, and development of an information technology service or product. This involvement has been catalyzed and prepared for during their previous studies where the students have been told and shown how to develop similar systems. It is the belief that only through this ‘real’ project do they get the chance to experience something similar to what is expected of them when they embark on their chosen profession; that is, as an information technology professional. The high value of ‘near real life’ educational experience is recognized by many universities across the globe. The aim of this paper is to present examples from three countries - Australia, United Kingdom and South Africa, of the delivery of these team, capstone or industrial experience projects; their curricula and management processes. Academics from institutions in each of the countries share experiences, challenges and pitfalls encountered during the delivery of these information technology projects within their institutions. An overview of each institution’s strategies is provided and highlights specific issues such as the selection of projects, allocation of teams to projects, legal requirements, assessment methods, challenges and benefits.
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Driscoll, Matthew, Eric McFetridge, and William Arseneau. "Evaluation of At Sea Tested LM2500 Rainbow Rotor Blade Coatings." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30263.
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This paper discusses the performance of various high pressure turbine (HPT) blade coatings applied to refurbished LM2500 components that were operated in a frigate class marine application. In the early 1990s, an LM2500 propulsion gas turbine engine was removed from the Australian Navy ship HMAS DARWIN for overhaul. In an effort to reduce the cost of overhaul, it was proposed to refurbish the HPT blades instead of the standard practice of replacing the blades with new parts. Included in the proposal to replace the blades with refurbished parts, various coatings were applied in order to evaluate the cost effectiveness of refurbishing blades during overhaul vice replacing with new components. The HPT “Rainbow” Rotor is a paired blade configuration and was built up in 1991 using refurbished blades coated with the standard BC 21 (overlay CoCrAlY) and an industrial standard platinum aluminide (diffusion) coating. In addition, BC 23 coating was applied to several new production blades and installed in the Rainbow Rotor as a control to evaluate the refurbished parts performance. In May 2000, the Rainbow Rotor set of LM2500 blades was removed from service after having accumulated in excess of 11,500 operating hours. This paper details the coating compositions tested and the resultant metallurgical analysis of these blades/coatings.
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Igoe, Brian M., and Martin McGurry. "Design, Development and Operational Experience of the ALSTOM’s 13.4MW Cyclone Gas Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30254.
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The Cyclone industrial gas turbine was launched in 1997 and entered commercial operation in 2000. Rated at 13.4MW and with a thermal efficiency in excess of 35% (at ISO operating conditions), the Cyclone was configured as a twin-shaft engine derivative of the Tempest Gas turbine, to meet both power generation and mechanical drive applications. This paper describes the design, development and early operational experience of the Cyclone gas turbine. The design aspects include features, which are common with other products within the ALSTOM product range, those that have been developed out of technology programmes, and those scaled from existing parts. Details are presented of the compressor construction, where a “zero” stage has been added to the Tempest rotor, and coupled with an increase in firing temperature, has resulted in the increase in power output. A two stage overhung compressor turbine, includes cooled blading technology to both stages. A separate free power turbine is based on a scale version of the Typhoon twin-shaft power turbine. The Cyclone includes the ALSTOM, Dry Low Emissions combustion system as standard and is able to operate on a wide range of fuels, in single or dual fuel configurations. The combustion system is based on the proven, generic system first introduced into the Typhoon. The result of engine testing has resulted in the release of both the Cyclone, and the Tempest, with sub 10ppmvd NOx (corrected to 15% O2). The first Cyclone engines entered service in the autumn of 2000, in a co-generation facility in Australia. Described in this paper are the early operating experiences, and the evaluation of a large amount of site data that has been recorded. Included in this section is information on issues that have had to be addressed during the first 8000 hours of operation.
Reports on the topic "Service industries Australia"
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McIntyre, Phillip, Susan Kerrigan, and Marion McCutcheon. Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis: Marrickville. Queensland University of Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.208593.
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Marrickville is located in the western heart of inner-city Sydney and is the beneficiary of the centrifugal process that has forced many creatives out of the inner city itself and further out into more affordable suburbs. This locality is built on the lands of the Eora nation. It is one of the most culturally diverse communities in the country but is slowly being gentrified creating tensions between its light industrial heart, its creative industry community and inner city developers. SME’s, co-working spaces and live music venues, are all in jeopardy as they occupy light-industrial warehouses which either have been re-zoned or are under threat of re-zoning. Its location underneath the flight path of major air traffic may indeed be a saving factor in its preservation as the creative industries operate across all major sectors here and the air traffic noise keeps land prices down. Despite these pressures the creative industries in Marrickville have experienced substantial growth since 2011, with the current CI intensity sitting at 9.2%. This is the only region in this study where the cultural production sector holds more than half the employment for specialists and support workers, when compared to creative services.
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Kerrigan, Susan, Phillip McIntyre, and Marion McCutcheon. Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis: Geelong and Surf Coast. Queensland University of Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.206969.
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Geelong and the Surf Coast are treated here as one entity although there are marked differences between the two communities. Sitting on the home of the Wathaurong Aboriginal group, this G21 region is geographically diverse. Geelong serviced a wool industry on its western plains, while manufacturing and its seaport past has left it as a post-industrial city. The Surf Coast has benefitted from the sea change phenomenon. Both communities have fast growing populations and have benefitted from their proximity to Melbourne. They are deeply integrated with this major urban centre. The early establishment of digital infrastructure proved an advantage to certain sectors. All creative industries are represented well in Geelong while many creatives in Torquay are embedded in the high profile and economically dominant surfing industry. The Geelong community is serviced well by its own creative industries with well-established advertising firms, architects, bookshops, gaming arcades, movie houses, music venues, newspaper headquarters, brand new and iconic performing and visual arts centres, libraries and museums, television and radio all accessible in its refurbished downtown area. Co-working spaces, collective practices and entrepreneurial activity are evident throughout the region.