Relevant bibliographies by topics / Serum electrolytes

Academic literature on the topic 'Serum electrolytes'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Serum electrolytes"

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N.Swetha, N. Swetha. "Serum Electrolytes in Cerebro-Vascular Accidents." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/march2014/3.

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Kapsner, Curtis O., and Antonios H. Tzamaloukas. "Understanding serum electrolytes." Postgraduate Medicine 90, no. 8 (December 1991): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1991.11701146.

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Diorgu, Faith, and Christiana Nkeiru Friday. "Concentration of sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium across trimester of pregnancy." MOJ Women's Health 10, no. 1 (2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojwh.2021.10.00278.

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Pregnancy is a period of altered body systems. This study is aimed at assessing electrolytes level in the three trimesters of pregnancy. Blood samples of one hundred pregnant women in their various trimesters were collected by aseptic techniques into a lithium heparin bottle for electrolytes analysis. Using standard laboratory methods, the serum electrolytes level were analyzed using an automated blood gas and electrolytes analyzer (OPTI CCA – TS2). Based on Reference values of electrolytes during pregnancy, 94% had normal serum sodium concentration, potassium serum concentration 48% and Chloride serum while calcium serum concentration was low 12% across the trimesters. Descriptive statistics were used (frequency and percentage distribution) for socio-demographic characteristics; chi-square was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 20.0 was used to support the data analysis. The study revealed no significant relationship between electrolytes level and trimesters of pregnant women receiving antenatal care in the selected obstetric and gynaecological hospitals in a low income country. This may suggest poor kidney adaptation in maintaining electrolyte balance in pregnancy among the women, Therefore there may be need to assess electrolytes levels during antenatal care as part of routine investigations.
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Nemade, Surekha Tushar, Mrunal Suresh Patil, Rajendra Annasaheb Chaudhari, and Ashok J. Vankudre. "Comparative Assessment of Severity of Dyselectrolytaemia (Sodium and Potassium) in Cerebral Infarction and Cerebral Hemorrhage." MVP Journal of Medical Sciences 3, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/mvpjms/2016/v3/i1/706.

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<strong>Aim:</strong> 1) To compare serum electrolyte levels (sodium and potassium levels) in cerebral Infarction and cerebral hemorrhage. 2) To compare serum electrolytes in thalamic and other intracranial hemorrhages. <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> In this retrospective type of study, we compared serum electrolyte levels of 70 patients, 45 diagnosed as cerebral infarction with the 25 patients, diagnosed as cerebral hemorrhage. The sample for electrolyte analysis was collected within first 24 hrs of onset of the event. <strong>Result:</strong> Statistical analysis was done by Z test and independent t test using SPSS 16 which showed statistically no significant difference in serum electrolyte levels in both groups there was also no statistical difference in serum electrolyte levels in thalamic hemorrhages compared to other intracranial hemorrhages. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Electrolyte imbalance is common in cerebrovascular accidents and needs to be intervene as early as possible irrespective of the type of cerebral insult. Correction of electrolytes imbalance can help in better prognosis of the patient and may avoid complications.
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VIEIRA, Joana, Gonçalo NUNES, Carla Adriana SANTOS, and Jorge FONSECA. "SERUM ELECTROLYTES AND OUTCOME IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 55, no. 1 (March 2018): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.201800000-05.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a gold standard for long term enteral feeding. Neurologic dysphagia and head/neck cancer are the most common indications for PEG as they can lead to protein-energy malnutrition and serum electrolyte abnormalities, with potential negative impact on metabolic balance. Refeeding syndrome may also be related with severe electrolyte changes in PEG-fed patients and contribute to poor prognosis. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the changes in serum concentrations of the main electrolytes and its possible association with the outcome. METHODS: Retrospective study of patients followed in our Artificial Nutrition Clinic, submitted to PEG from 2010 to 2016, having head/neck cancer or neurologic dysphagia, who died under PEG feeding. Serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chlorine, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus) were evaluated immediately before the gastrostomy procedure. Survival after PEG until death was recorded in months. RESULTS: We evaluated 101 patients, 59 with electrolyte alterations at the moment of the gastrostomy. Sodium was altered in 32 (31.7%), magnesium in 21 (20.8%), chlorine in 21 (20.8%), potassium in 14 (13.8%), calcium in 11 (10.9 %) and phosphorus in 11 (10.9%). The survival of patients with low sodium (<135 mmol/L) was significantly lower when compared to patients with normal/high values, 2.76 months vs 7.80 months, respectively (P=0.007). CONCLUSION: Changes in serum electrolytes of patients undergoing PEG were very common. More than half showed at least one abnormality, at the time of the procedure. The most frequent was hyponatremia, which was associated with significantly shorter survival, probably reflecting severe systemic metabolic distress.
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Chowdhury, Abu Sayeed, Md Ekhlasur Rahman, Farhana Hossain, Abu Faisal Md Parvez, Md Kamrul Hassan, Farzana Munmun, and Poly Begum. "Association of Serum Electrolyte Abnormalities in Preterm Low Birth Weight Neonates." Faridpur Medical College Journal 14, no. 1 (March 26, 2020): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v14i1.46164.

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Despite decline in under five mortality in the last few decades, neonatal mortality rate has not changed substantially. A large number of these newborn are premature or low birth weight. Premature infants are at increased risk of developing dehydration or overhydration. Therefore, high index of suspicion, prompt recognition and thorough understanding of common electrolyte abnormalities are necessary to improve neonatal outcome. It seems to be essential for immediate management for planning appropriate fluid and electrolyte therapy and thereby for improved outcome. To study the electrolytes abnormalities in preterm low birth weight neonates information were collected who gave consent and participated in the study willingly. Duration of data collection was approximately 6 (Six) months. Patients admitted to the Dhaka Medical College Hospital and after meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria a simple random sampling technique was applied for selecting the sample patients. Total 50 preterm LBW neonates fulfilling the inclusion criteria were studied during this study period. Abnormal electrolytes were documented in 20(40%) preterm LBW neonates of which hyperkalemia was the predominant electrolyte abnormality found in 8(16.0%) neonates, hyponatremia was found in 7 (14.0%), hypokalemia in 3 (6.0%) and hypernatremia in 2 (4.0%). It was observed that electrolyte abnormalities are common in preterm LBW neonates. So, identification of associated electrolyte abnormalities and proper management of fluid and electrolytes and close monitoring are important. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jan 2019;14(1): 31-33
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Timerga, Abebe, Endryas Kelta, Chala Kenenisa, Belay Zawdie, Aklilu Habte, and Kassahun Haile. "Serum electrolytes disorder and its associated factors among adults admitted with metabolic syndrome in Jimma Medical Center, South West Ethiopia: Facility based crossectional study." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): e0241486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241486.

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Background Electrolytes play an important role in controlling acid base balance, blood clotting, and body fluid and muscle contractions. Serum electrolytes concentrations are most commonly used tests for assessment of a patient’s clinical conditions, and are associated with morbidity and mortality. Any derangements from the normal range of electrolyte levels in the body is described as electrolyte disorders. The Current study was aimed to determine serum electrolytes disorder and its associated factors among adults admitted with metabolic syndrome at Jimma medical center, South West Ethiopia. Methods A Facility based cross sectional study was conducted on 256 patients admitted medical center with metabolic syndrome during the study period. The World Health Organization stepwise assessment tools and patients’ medical records were used to collect information on factors associated with electrolyte disorders. Bivariable and Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with electrolyte disorder at the level of significance of p value <0.25 with 95% confidence interval of crude odds ratio and <0.05 with 95% confidence interval of adjusted odds ratio respectively. Results The overall prevalence of electrolyte disorders was 44.1% (95%CI:40.99–47.20) with hyponatremia 42.9% (95%CI:39.81–45.99) as the leading electrolyte disorder followed by hypokalemia 20.7% (95%CI:18.17–23.23), hypochloremia 17.6% (95%CI:15.22–19.98) and hypocalcemia 9.4% (95%CI:7.57–11.22). Non-formal education [AOR: 6.81; 95%CI:(3.48,17.01)] alcohol consumption [AOR: 4.28; 95%CI:(1.71,10.70)], diuretics, diuretics [AOR: 4.39; 95%CI:(2.10,9.15)], antidiabetics [AOR: 5.18; 95%CI:(2.44,11.00)], and body mass index [AOR: 11.51; 95%CI:(3.50,18.81)] were identified as independent factors for electrolyte disturbance in multivariable logistic regression. Conclusion The finding of the study revealed that nearly half the study participants with metabolic syndromes had electrolyte disorder. Educational status, habit of alcohol consumption, diuretics, antidiabetics, and having higher body mass index were the independent factors associated with electrolyte disorders. Determination of Serum electrolytes, proper administration of diuretic and health education on behavioral factors were the necessary measures that should be done by concerned bodies to reduce electrolytes disorder.
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Nahar, Nurun, and Nargis Akhter. "Effect of carvedilol on adrenaline-induced changes in serum electrolytes in rat." Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 35, no. 3 (February 8, 2010): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v35i3.4116.

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Circulating catecholamine that is increased in early phase of myocardial infarction alters serum electrolyte levels which might predispose to serious ventricular arrhythmias. In this study the effect of pretreatment of carvedilol on adrenaline-induced changes in the serum electrolytes (Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Na+) was evaluated in rats. Adrenaline was administered at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously 2 injections 24 hours apart and serum electrolytes were estimated at 12 hours, 24 hours and 7 days after the 2nd injection of adrenaline. Adrenaline administration initially caused hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia and hyponatremia, which were restored to normal spontaneously within 7 days. Pretreatment of carvedilol orally at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight for 2 weeks significantly prevented initial reduction in serum electrolyte levels induced by adrenaline. It was concluded that prophylactic use of carvedilol might prevent the serious consequences of myocardial infarction as sudden cardiac death due to arrhythmia caused by electrolyte changes. Keywords: Adrenaline; Carvedilol; Electrolyte; RatOnline: 9 Feb 2010DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v35i3.4116Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2009; 35: 105-109
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Gancheva, Galya. "SERUM ELECTROLYTES IN LEPTOSPIROSIS." Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers) 13, 1, no. 2007 (April 11, 2012): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2007131.29.

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ZANTVOORT, F. A. "Theophylline and Serum Electrolytes." Annals of Internal Medicine 104, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-1-134_2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Serum electrolytes"

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Švagždienė, Milda. "Prieširdžių virpėjimo po miokardo revaskuliarizacijos operacijų sąsaja su elektrolitų koncentracija serume bei ekskrecija su šlapimu." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20061219_072510-78238.

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Postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) remains unresolved problem. Some authors noticed that there were changes in electrolyte balance after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery with CPB. The changes in serum magnesium level and their relation with the rate of postoperative AF are usually analyzed in scientific publications. The aim of the study has been to estimate the relationship between the rate of postoperative AF and the changes in serum electrolyte concentration and their urinary excretion after CABG surgery with CPB. The goals: 1) To estimate the rate and the character of postoperative AF and its influence on haemodynamics after CABG surgery. 2) To estimate changes in serum K+, Na+, Mg++, Ca++, Cl–, P– concentration and compare them between the patients who received, and who did not receive magnesium sulphate supplementation during the surgery. 3)To estimate changes of urinary excretion of K+, Na+, Mg++, Ca++, Cl–, P– and compare them between the patients who received, and who did not receive magnesium sulphate supplementation during the surgery. 3) To evaluate the effects of intraoperatively infused magnesium sulphate on the rate of postoperative AF in the early postoperative period. In our study the rate of postoperative AF was 27.4 %. AF in 91.3 % of cases was tachyarrhythmic, but haemodynamic remained stabile. Serum Mg++ level was > 1.05 mmol/l during the suregry in all patients. The infusion of... [to full text]
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McGregor, Neil Roland. "An investigation of the association between toxin producing staphylococcus, biochemical changes and jaw muscle pain." University of Sydney. Prosthetic Dentistry, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/369.

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Objectives: To assess the expression of the symptoms of jaw muscle pain and its association with alterations in biochemistry, other symptoms and the carriage of staphylococci. Methods: Three different study populations were assessed. The first was selected and examined by the author and consisted of 43 pain and 41 age and sex matched controls. The second was a study of CFS patients who were blinded to the author and the author subsequently examined the associations between jaw muscle symptom reporting and the standardised biochemistry measures. The third study was also blinded to the author but included an investigation of staphylococci and certain cytokine and biochemistry measures. Results: The three studies clearly establish an association between the carriage of toxicogenic coagulase negative staphylococci and the expression of jaw muscle pain in both males and females. These associations were homogeneous and were found whether the patients were selected on the basis of having jaw muscle pain or selected from within a population of patients selected on the basis of having Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. The studies associated the changes with variations in biochemistry and these were in turn associated with symptom expression within the jaw muscle pain patients. These biochemical alterations included the dysregulation of immune cell counts, cytokines, electrolyte and protein metabolism. These symptoms and biochemical changes were associated with pain severity and illness duration and staphylococcal toxin production. From the data a model was developed which shows the mechanisms involved in the development of chronic pain in the jaw muscles. Conclusions: The carriage of toxicogenic coagulase-negative staphylococci were found to be associated with the expression of jaw muscle pain and the alterations in biochemistry associated with these symptoms.
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McGregor, Neil Roland. "An investigation of the association between toxin producing staphylococcus, biochemical changes and jaw muscle pain." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/369.

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Objectives: To assess the expression of the symptoms of jaw muscle pain and its association with alterations in biochemistry, other symptoms and the carriage of staphylococci. Methods: Three different study populations were assessed. The first was selected and examined by the author and consisted of 43 pain and 41 age and sex matched controls. The second was a study of CFS patients who were blinded to the author and the author subsequently examined the associations between jaw muscle symptom reporting and the standardised biochemistry measures. The third study was also blinded to the author but included an investigation of staphylococci and certain cytokine and biochemistry measures. Results: The three studies clearly establish an association between the carriage of toxicogenic coagulase negative staphylococci and the expression of jaw muscle pain in both males and females. These associations were homogeneous and were found whether the patients were selected on the basis of having jaw muscle pain or selected from within a population of patients selected on the basis of having Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. The studies associated the changes with variations in biochemistry and these were in turn associated with symptom expression within the jaw muscle pain patients. These biochemical alterations included the dysregulation of immune cell counts, cytokines, electrolyte and protein metabolism. These symptoms and biochemical changes were associated with pain severity and illness duration and staphylococcal toxin production. From the data a model was developed which shows the mechanisms involved in the development of chronic pain in the jaw muscles. Conclusions: The carriage of toxicogenic coagulase-negative staphylococci were found to be associated with the expression of jaw muscle pain and the alterations in biochemistry associated with these symptoms.
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Lehnert, Claudia. "24 hour hormone and serum electrolyte levels of dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism treated with trilostane." Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2007. http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2007/4678/index.html.

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Lehnert, Claudia [Verfasser]. "24 hour hormone and serum electrolyte levels of dogs with pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism treated with trilostane / eingereicht von Claudia Lehnert." Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988698161/34.

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Nelson, Geoffrey Winston. "Surface characterization and functional properties of carbon-based materials." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f22b95ce-65f3-4d9e-ac3d-a88f6e142c1a.

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Carbon-based materials are poised to be an important class of 21st century materials, for bio-medical, bio-electronic, and bio-sensing applications. Diamond and polymers are two examples of carbon-based materials of high interest to the bio-materials community. Diamond, in its conductive form, can be used as an electrochemical bio-sensor, whilst its nanoparticle form is considered a non-inflammatory platform to deliver drugs or to grow neuronal cells. Polymers, especially when chemically modified, have been used extensively in biological environments, from anti-microbial use to drug delivery. The large-scale use of either material for biological use is limited by two factors: ease of chemical modification and the paucity of knowledge of their surface chemistry in aqueous media. This thesis addresses aspects of both these issues. The first study reported is an in situ study of the adsorption dynamics of an exemplar globular protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA) on nanodiamond using the relatively novel quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) technique. For the first time, QCM-D enabled the detailed study of protein dynamics (i.e. kinetics, viscoelastic properties, overlayer structure, etc.) onto nanodiamond thin films having various surface chemistry and roughness. The dynamics of protein adsorption is found to be sensitive to surface chemistry at all stages of adsorption, but it is only sensitive to surface roughness during initial adsorption phases. Our understanding of the nanodiamond-biology interface is enhanced by this study, and it suggests that QCM-D is useful for the study of the surface chemistry of nanoparticle forms of inorganic materials. A second study concerns a novel surface functionalization scheme, based on carbene and azo-coupling chemistry, which has been recently introduced as a practical, facile method for modifying the surfaces of polymers. Using modern surface characterization techniques, it is demonstrated that a chemical linker can be attached to polystyrene surfaces using carbene-based chemistry, and that further chemical functionality can be added to this chemical linker via an azo-coupling reaction. In situ studies of protein dynamics at these interfaces were conducted using QCM-D, thus enabling a link between specific protein behaviour and the polymer surface chemical termination chemistry to be made. A third area of study of investigates the use of diamond electrodes as a bio-sensor for dopamine under physiological conditions. For these conditions, ascorbic acid interferes with the dopamine oxidation signal, in ways that render the two signals irresolvable. Various modifications are used in attempts to reduce this interference, including: small and large cathodic treatments, grafting of electro-active polymers, addition of carbon nanotubes, and hydrogen plasma treatment. Those modifications leading to the hydrogen-termination of diamond are shown to work the best. Notably, hydrogen plasma treatment effects the complete electrochemical separation of dopamine and ascorbic acid at a diamond electrode. This is the first time this has been accomplished without adding non-diamond materials to the diamond electrode surface.
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Lin, Chun-Yu, and 林俊佑. "The Effects Rapid Weight Loss In Teenage Judo Athletes’on Renal Function Serum Electrolytes." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45588163443173432233.

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碩士
聖約翰科技大學
工業工程與管理系碩士在職專班
100
Purpose: To investigate the effect of a single regime of rapid weight loss achieved through dehydration in a hot environment on renal functions, electrolyte balance and Judo-specific skill-domain performance amongst adolescent Judo athletes. Method: 16 male adolescent Judo athletes were recruited for the study (average age 14.87±0.88 years, height 166.18±5.75cm, and weight 55.86±5.39 kg). Participants underwent a single treatment of steam bath induced rapid weight loss for 1.5 hours. Patient renal function, electrolyte balance and Judo domain-specific performance were observed pre- and post-treatment, and during a recovery period. Statistical methods used included one way-ANOVA and paired sample T-test. Results were considered to be statistically significance at p=0.05. Results: 1.In part of the renal function, the subjects after a single rapid weight loss before and after heat treatment, blood urea nitrogen 13.40 Rose 15.13mg/dl Recovery continues to rise (15.61mg/dl) ; creatinine .79 Rose .89 mg/dl And recovery is down slightly (.85mg/dl) , And uric acid 6.00 Rose 6.38mg/dl And recovery period also fell slightly (6.28mg/dl) And reaches significant levels (p<.05) .2. In part of the serum electrolyte, sodium ion concentration by 140.75 fell to 138.25mmol/L, recovery rebounded moderately (139.87mmol/L), and chloride ion concentration by 100.56 Dropped to 98.62mmol/L, also rebounded slightly in recovery period (99.93mmol/L); concentration of potassium ions from 4.44 rises to 4.91mmol/L And recovery period also fell slightly (4.73mmol/L), and reaches significant levels (p<.05).3.In Judo, and standing continuous attack by part, by former weight 30.25 / 30second recovery period down to 29.00 / 30second up significant differences in levels (p<.05)。Conclusion: In single treatment of rapid weight loss due to dehydration/increased water loss, achieved by a hot environment, , there is increase in renal function and derangement of electrolytes. This leads to a significant reduction in Judo performance measured by a 30 second stationary rapid attack.
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Chen, Sheng-Yi, and 陳聖怡. "Pathophysiological Studies of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease: Changes in Hematology, Serum Chemistry, Electrolyte Balances and Alpha-fetoprotein Levels." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31649657856335956024.

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博士
國立中興大學
獸醫學系暨研究所
96
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD), a notifiable disease for OIE, was first reported in 1984 in China and dispersed into Europe, the Middle East and Asia. In Taiwan, RHD was first reported by Dr. Y. S. Lu by serological tests in 1994 and severely damaged the rabbit-raising industry and the bio-products industry in the following years. The purpose of this study is to use serum biochemistry tests along with histopathological examination to construct the pathogenesis of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) as a useful index for medical treatment in fulminant viral hepatitis in human and animals. RHD infection has been characterized as an acute fatal necrotic viral hepatitis in up to 85% adult (older than 2 months) rabbits died within 36 to 72 hours after infection. In the first study, after RHDV inoculation, highly significant elevations in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), r-glutamyltransferase (r-GT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p<0.0001) were noted. In comparison with baseline values (pair serum comparison), rabbits with leakage enzymes elevated immediately at 18 HPI were 95%, 89% and 61% for AST, ALT and LDH, respectively. In comparisons with the means of baseline, the changes were about 16 times, 4 times and 1.3 times at 18 HPI for AST, ALT and LDH, respectively. The maximal values appeared at 42HPI, there were 47 times, 11 times and 8 times for AST, ALT and LDH, respectively. Differently from parameters above, the ALP was not elevated until 24HPI. Significant increasing observed later at 30 HPI. The means peaked at 42 HPI with a value of 691.92 IU/ L which was about 5 times of the baseline mean. The elevation of r-GT was even more gradual and later by time proceeded, it significantly increased at 36 HPI in comparison with baseline value. The frequency distribution revealed that only 83% tested samples had values over the upper limit (14.4 IU/L) at 42HPI. The peak mean appeared at 42 HPI (59.85±34.02IU/L) which was 7.8 times of the base line mean. The r-GT /ALT ratios tended to decreasing from baseline to 30HPI and then increasing from 36HPI to 42HPI, but all mean ratios after infection were lower than baseline one. This indicated that the increase of serum ALT and r-GT were mainly from hepatocellular disease instead of biliary tract disease in the first 42 hours. Histopathological findings of the liver from the dead rabbits correlated well chronologically with the release of the liver enzymes into the serum. Our results suggested that profound changes in serum liver enzymes implicated the damage in liver is fast and severe, and the exponential elevations in AST and ALT would be a strong prediction of the fulminant consequence in RHD. The investigation on the damage of renal function and electrolyte balance found after virus inoculation, serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA) and sodium (Na+) were elevated to a highly significant level (p<0.0001), whereas serum potassium (K+) was moderately elevated to a significant level (p<0.05). Hypoglycemia developed highly significantly (p<0.0001). The rabbits would die within 2 hr when the glucose level was lower than 20 mg/dl (in 5 rabbits). Significant elevation in serum BUN and CREA (p<0.05 vs. baseline) appeared at 30 HPI and 36 HPI, respectively. Although the means of BUN and CREA were higher than the baseline in rabbits prior to death, the surviving 3 rabbits (survived over 58 HPI) had even higher means prior to sacrifice. The mean osmolality value of surviving rabbits was higher than the dead ones. The dying rabbits had significantly lower values than the surviving ones. Renal insufficiency progressed from 30 hr, as indicated by the increases in BUN and CREA; significant changes in electrolytes resulting in the increased osmolality of extracellular fluid that induced flow disturbance which consequently destroy the homeostasis in cells. Therefore, the later impairments in renal function and electrolyte balance following liver injury might be an important threat for rabbits which might have survived from acute fulminant hepatitis in RHD. On the study of lipid metabolism, hyperlipidemia was observed (p triglyceride <0.0001, p cholesterol =0.0003) along with significant increases in serum AST, ALT and r-GT (p<0.0001) after RHDV inoculation. An exponential increase in serum triglyceride was also seen. Thus, the presence of hyperlipidemia (from 30 hours post-inoculation) in the infected rabbits points to impairment in lipid metabolism. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) elevated significantly (p=0.0082) from 24 HPI together with significantly elevated AST, ALT, r-GT and ALP after RHDV inoculation. Rabbits that died tend to have high AFP values prior to death, the mean value being 4.22± 1.61 ng/ml (n=6). By correlation analysis, AFP significantly correlated more strongly to ALP than r-GT, but insignificantly with AST and ALT suggested that the elevation in AFP was later released from severer hepatic necrosis following the leakage of cytoplasmic enzymes. In conclusion, the results above showed that RHDV mainly caused massively necrosis in liver first. The severe hypoglycemia caused the death of the rabbits in the acute phases. Following the progression of the disease, renal function, electrolyte balance and lipid metabolism were all impaired and threatened the life of the survivals. Although the AFP was elevated later, the lack of normal hepatocytes for regeneration could not save the infected rabbits from systemic failures. Fulminant liver disease is regarded as a group of systemic diseases with the main focus of illness in the liver. Therefore, the measurements of renal function, electrolytes balance, serum glucose level and lipid metabolism as well as liver functional parameters for monitoring the progression in a fulminant viral hepatitis as index for medical treatment are necessary.
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Books on the topic "Serum electrolytes"

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Jörres, Achim, Dietrich Hasper, and Michael Oppert. Electrolyte and acid–base disorders in AKI. Edited by Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0230.

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Electrolyte disturbances are common in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and should be corrected. In particular, hyperkalaemia above 6–6.5 mmol/L (especially with electrocardiogram changes) constitutes a medical emergency and warrants immediate intervention. Both hypo- and hypernatraemia may occur during AKI. Chronic changes in serum sodium need to be corrected bearing in mind the underlying pathology; however, when severe and evolving rapidly they should be corrected faster, irrespective of the cause. Acid–base disorders are also common in AKI and need to be treated in the context of underlying problems and physiological compensatory mechanisms. In metabolic acidosis, a bicarbonate deficit may be corrected by sodium bicarbonate administration. Of note, whilst patients with AKI tend to retain electrolytes such as potassium and phosphate, this might be reversed during renal replacement therapy and even substitution of these losses may be required.
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Hodgkiss, Andrew. Opportunities for prevention, or early detection, of psychopathology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759911.003.0010.

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The value of informing patients and carers about the possible psychiatric consequences of specific cancers and cancer treatments is emphasized. Eight examples follow, of cancer treatments where formal consent concerning possible adverse psychiatric effects is indicated. Modest modifications of certain oncological treatments can reduce the incidence of psychopathology—seven examples are offered. Proactive monitoring of endocrine status, serum electrolytes, or vitamin B12 levels during or after particular treatments is advocated to prevent psychopathology. The chapter closes with practical recommendations for screening for delirium, depression, and alcohol dependence in defined groups of patients with cancer. Such early detection opens the possibility of prompt treatment and may reduce the risk of harm to self or others.
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Chakera, Aron, William G. Herrington, and Christopher A. O’Callaghan. Prevention of kidney disease. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0345.

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A number of factors are known to predispose to renal disease, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and exposure to certain drugs or substances (e.g. mercury and other heavy metals). In people who are at risk for these reasons, renal function should be regularly monitored as part of routine care. Kidney diseases are identified by elevations in the serum creatinine; the presence in the urine of blood, protein, or elevated levels of certain electrolytes; or evidence of anatomical abnormalities. Due to the large functional reserve of the kidneys, symptoms of impaired renal function usually occur late in the course of disease, highlighting the importance of early detection and, where available, the use of ameliorating therapies.
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Keshav, Satish, and Alexandra Kent. Chronic diarrhoea. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0029.

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Four to five per cent of the Western population suffers from chronic diarrhoea (defined as the passage of >3 stools per day, for >4 weeks), with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) being the commonest cause in 20–40-year-old patients. It is the commonest reason for referral to secondary care gastroenterology clinics. The list of possible causes of chronic diarrhoea is long but, in the absence of rectal bleeding, loss of weight, or abnormal blood tests, it is unlikely to be due to a serious illness. Laboratory investigations should include serum glucose, electrolytes, renal and liver tests, full blood count, thyroid tests, a coeliac antibody test, C-reactive protein (CRP) measurement to check for systemic inflammation, faecal fat and elastase estimation to check pancreatic exocrine function, faecal microscopy, and culture, although this is insensitive for giardiasis. In young patients with typical features of IBS, these laboratory investigations can be abbreviated to include only glucose, electrolytes, the coeliac antibody test, CRP measurement, and thyroid tests. Endoscopic examination of the large and small intestines is generally only required where there is a suspicion of coeliac disease, chronic giardiasis, microscopic colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, or colorectal cancer. A therapeutic trial of metronidazole for giardiasis is justified where this seems a likely diagnosis.
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Neligan, Patrick J., and Clifford S. Deutschman. Pathophysiology and causes of metabolic acidosis in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0255.

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Critical illness is typically characterized by changes in the balance of water and electrolytes in the extracellular space, resulting in the accumulation of anionic compounds that manifests as metabolic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis manifests with tachypnoea, tachycardia, vasodilatation, headache and a variety of other non-specific symptoms and signs. It is caused by a reduction in the strong ion difference (SID) or an increase in weak acid concentration (albumin or phosphate). Increased SID results from hyperchloraemia, haemodilution or accumulation of metabolic by-products. A reduction in SID results in a corresponding reduction is serum bicarbonate. There is a corresponding increase in alveolar ventilation and reduced PaCO2. Lactic acidosis results from increased lactate production or reduced clearance. Ketoacidosis is associated with reduced intracellular glucose availability for metabolism, and is associated with insulin deficiency and starvation. Hyperchloraemic acidosis is associated with excessive administration of isotonic saline solution, renal tubular acidosis and ureteric re-implantation. Renal acidosis is associated with hyperchloraemia, hyperphosphataemia, and the accumulation of medley nitrogenous waste products.
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Wijdicks, Eelco F. M., and Sarah L. Clark. Drugs to Correct Electrolyte Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190684747.003.0015.

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Critically ill patients develop electrolyte imbalances, and replacement orders are daily practice. Knowing how to manage sodium imbalances in both neurocritical care and neurosurgical practices is imperative. Changes in serum sodium values are very common in acute neurocritical illness, and these derangements are important not only because the patient’s level of consciousness may change but because they may signal a neurologic change. This chapter discusses how to replace common electrolyte replacements and offers more detailed information about the management of disorders of sodium and water homeostasis, including the use of vaptans, which are reserved for patients with difficult-to-manage euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia.
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Chakera, Aron, William G. Herrington, and Christopher A. O’Callaghan. Disorders of plasma sodium. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0174.

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The normal range for serum sodium levels in most laboratories is 135–145 mmol/l. Hyponatraemia is defined as a serum sodium concentration of <135 mmol/l (<120 mmol/l is severe), and hypernatraemia as a concentration >145 mmol/l. As sodium is the major extracellular electrolyte, and freely diffuses throughout the extracellular space, it plays a key role in regulating osmolarity. Hyponatraemia is almost always associated with a hyposmolar state, except for the rare circumstances when there are other osmotically active substances present at high levels (e.g. glucose). Given the relationship between sodium and water, accurate assessment of fluid balance is an integral part of determining the causes of hypo- or hypernatraemia. This chapter describes the clinical approach to patients with derangements of plasma sodium.
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Wingo, Charles S., and I. David Weiner. Approach to the patient with hypo-/hyperkalaemia. Edited by Robert Unwin. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0034_update_001.

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The differential diagnosis and approach to patients with high or low serum potassium are described. Patients with either abnormality have an increased mortality in large population-based studies. Most have significant renal, cardiovascular, endocrine, liver, or gastrointestinal disease. They are frequently taking prescription or other drugs and the evaluation of their electrolyte disorder should not be conducted in isolation, but within the context of their disease or diseases. The presence of isolated hypokalaemia or hyperkalaemia in the absence of these other diseases or any apparent drug administration should prompt the clinician to re-consider the clinical history and the reported laboratory values.
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Brêtas, Anilce de Araújo. Balanço eletrolítico estratégico na ração de suínos criados em clima quente. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-318-3.

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The effect of Dietary Electrolyte Balance (EB) in rations for growing and finished swine under high temperatures ambient was evaluated. Two hundred male castrated pigs with initial average 25,3±1.3 kg were allotted in completely randomized experimental design with five treatments T1 diet without supplemented electrolyte 191 mEq/kg; T2 (supl B) diet supplementd with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) 250 mEq/kg; T3 (supl B+C) diet supplemented with (NaHCO3) and potassium chloride (KCl) 250 mEq/kg; T4 (supl B) diet supplemented with (NaHCO3) 300 mEq/kg; T5 (supl B+C) diet supplemented (NaHCO3) and (KCl) 300 mEq/kg and four replication and 10 pigs per experimental unit. The average weight of the animals was 68,8±3,4 kg. The performance parameters evaluated were the feed intake (FI), the daily gain (DG), finished weight (FW), nitrogen intake (NI), lysine intake (LI), efficiency of N utilization for weight gain (ENUWG), efficiency of L utilization for weight gain (ELUWG) and the gain:feed ration and physiologic parameters to respiratory frequency (RF) and rectal temperature (RT). Blood was colleted to measure serum concentration of Na, Cl and K. The average temperature was 29,65±1,80ºC with (RU) of 69,6±10,4%. The levels of EB decreased (P<0,05) the (FI) and improved (NI). The others performance parameters evaluated weren’t influenced by treatments (P>0,05). In the termination phase the supplementation with sodium bicarbonate and or potassium chloride with 250 or 300 mEq/kg can be used to correct electrolyte balance under heat stress.
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Hajhosseiny, Reza, Kaivan Khavandi, and David J. Goldsmith. Sudden cardiac death in chronic kidney disease. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0108.

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Epidemiological data demonstrate the unique vulnerability of chronic kidney disease (CKD) subjects to cardiovascular disease, the most catastrophic being sudden cardiac death (SCD). In patients with declining kidney function there is a continuum of cardiovascular risk. In those individuals who survive to reach end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the risk of suffering a cardiac event is extremely high. Some of this risk is explained by the common risk factors and traditional cardiovascular events, namely atherosclerotic plaque fissure and rupture, but there is now evidence of a distinct ‘later CKD’ mechanism, notably arrhythmias. This appears particularly true in later stages of CKD and corresponds with the multifaceted range of myocardial and vascular insults operating. The physiological milieu of disordered vessel autoregulation, sequestered vasoprotective agents, loss of conduit and small artery elasticity/compliance, a stiffened and fibrotic myocardium, with calcified and diseased coronary arteries, all within an inflammatory environment, all contribute to arrhythmia generation. The final insult is changes in volume and electrolyte status. Risk stratification tools would be helpful in guiding clinicians to recognize those subjects likely to benefit from specific interventional strategies. These might include the novel, or emerging serum, haemodynamic, or electrocardiographic biomarkers in CKD. Current tools—such as those used for stratifying risk for SCD and determining the need for ICD implantation—are not valid in ESRD patients. Beta blockers appear likely to be generally advisable, blood pressure permitting, for patients with significant cardiomyopathy. Evidence for implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICD) is lacking. There is good reason to think that young dialysis patients at high risk of sudden death may benefit, but the risk/benefit ratio for older patients is less likely to be advantageous. These hypotheses need further investigation.
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Book chapters on the topic "Serum electrolytes"

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Stummvoll, H. K., and W. R. Külpmann. "Electrolytes in the Serum." In Electrolytes, 5–64. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-4439-8_2.

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Lewandowski, Ryszard, Tomasz Sokalski, and Adam Hulanicki. "Influence of Some Drugs on ISE Measurements of Serum Electrolytes." In Contemporary Electroanalytical Chemistry, 317–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3704-9_36.

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James, Hector E., and S. Schneider. "Effects of Acute Isotonic Saline Administration on Serum Osmolality, Serum Electrolytes, Brain Water Content and Intracranial Pressure." In Mechanisms of Secondary Brain Damage, 89–93. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9266-5_13.

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Pitts, Thomas O., and David H. Van Thiel. "Disorders of the Serum Electrolytes, Acid-Base Balance, and Renal Function in Alcoholism." In Recent Developments in Alcoholism, 311–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1695-2_14.

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James, H. E., S. Schneider, S. Bhasin, and T. G. Luerssen. "Experimental Cerebral Edema, Isotonic Intravenous Infusions, Mannitol, Serum Osmolality, Electrolytes, Brain Water, Intracranial Pressure, and Cerebral Blood Flow." In Intracranial Pressure VII, 459–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73987-3_121.

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Brater, D. Craig. "Serum electrolyte abnormalities caused by drugs." In Progress in Drug Research / Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung / Progrès des recherches pharmaceutiques, 9–69. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9311-4_1.

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Moritz, Michael L., and Juan Carlos Ayus. "Disorders of water and sodium homeostasis." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 3817–31. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.210201_update_001.

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Water intake and the excretion of water are tightly regulated processes that are able to maintain a near-constant serum osmolality. Sodium disorders (dysnatraemias—hyponatraemia or hypernatraemia) are almost always due to an imbalance between water intake and water excretion. Understanding the aetiology of sodium disorders depends on understanding the concept of electrolyte-free water clearance—this is a conceptual amount of water that represents the volume that would need to be subtracted (if electrolyte-free water clearance is positive) or added (if negative) to the measured urinary volume to make the electrolytes contained within the urine have the same tonicity as the plasma electrolytes. It is the concentration of the electrolytes in the urine, not the osmolality of the urine, which ultimately determines the net excretion of water....
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Moritz, Michael L., and Juan Carlos Ayus. "Disorders of water and sodium homeostasis." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by John D. Firth, 4729–47. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0473.

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Water intake and the excretion of water are tightly regulated processes that are able to maintain a near-constant serum osmolality. Sodium disorders (dysnatraemias—hyponatraemia or hypernatraemia) are almost always due to an imbalance between water intake and water excretion. Understanding the aetiology of sodium disorders depends on understanding the concept of electrolyte-free water clearance—this is a conceptual amount of water that represents the volume that would need to be subtracted (if electrolyte-free water clearance is positive) or added (if negative) to the measured urinary volume to make the electrolytes contained within the urine have the same tonicity as the plasma electrolytes. It is the concentration of the electrolytes in the urine, not the osmolality of the urine, which ultimately determines the net excretion of water. Hyponatraemia (serum sodium concentration <135 mmol/litre) is a common electrolyte disorder. It is almost invariably due to impaired water excretion, often in states where antidiuretic hormone release is (1) a normal response to a physiological stimulus such as pain, nausea, volume depletion, postoperative state, or congestive heart failure; or (2) a pathophysiological response as occurs with thiazide diuretics, other types of medications, or in the syndrome of inappropriate diuresis; with both often exacerbated in hospital by (3) inappropriate iatrogenic administration of hypotonic fluids. Hypernatraemia (serum sodium concentration >145 mmol/litre) is a common electrolyte disorder that occurs when water intake is inadequate to keep up with water losses. Since the thirst mechanism is such a powerful stimulus, hypernatraemia almost invariably occurs in the context of an illness and care that restricts the patient’s access to water. This chapter discusses the clinical features, management, and prevention of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia.
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Vasudevan, DM, and Subir Das. "Estimation of Serum Electrolytes by Flame Photometry." In Practical Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students, 93. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12054_35.

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"Olive, a 4-Month-Old Girl with Lethargy and Hyponatremia." In Pediatric Hospital Medicine: A Case-Based Educational Guide, 671–84. American Academy of PediatricsItasca, IL, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610025935-case47.

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CASE PRESENTATION Olive, a 4-month-old girl, presents to the emergency department (ED) with lethargy. Since being diagnosed with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis by her pediatrician 2 days ago, her parents report that Olive has been more listless, and they brought her into the ED today when she became difficult to arouse. Upon arrival to the ED, Olive is noted to be lethargic and tachypneic, and she is uninterested in drinking. The ED physician orders several laboratory tests, including serum electrolytes. Olive’s laboratory test results are notable for a serum sodium level of 126 mEq/L (126 mmol/L). The ED physician calls you to discuss Olive’s case and requests that you consider her for admission.
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Conference papers on the topic "Serum electrolytes"

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Chen, Li-Da, and Gou-Jen Wang. "Detection of Electrolytes Based on Solid-State Ion-Selective Electrode." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-67369.

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Abstract This study aimed to develop simple electrochemical electrodes for the fast detection of chlorine, sodium, and potassium ions in human serum. A flat thin-film gold electrode was used as the detection electrode for chloride ions; a solid-state ion-selective electrode (ISE), which was formed by covering a flat thin-film gold electrode with a mixture of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and ion-selective membrane (ISM), was developed for sodium and potassium ions detection. Through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square-wave voltammetry (SWV), the detection data can be obtained within two minutes. The linear detection ranges in the standard samples of chlorine, sodium, and potassium ions were 25–200 mM, 50–200 mM, and 2–10 mM, with the average relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.79%, 1.65%, and 0.47% and the average recovery rates of 101%, 100%, and 96% respectively. Interference experiments using normal concentrations of Na+, K+, Cl−, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in human blood demonstrated that the proposed detection electrodes have good selectivity. Moreover, the proposed detection electrodes have characteristics such as the ability to be prepared under relatively simple process conditions, excellent detection sensitivity, and low RSD, and the detection linear range is suitable for the Cl−, Na+, and K+ concentrations in human serum.
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Bardarov, Krum, Ivan Buchvarov, Tanya Yordanova, and Peter Georgiev. "Laser-induced break down spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, Mg) in human blood serum." In International Conference on Quantum, Nonlinear, and Nanophotonics 2019 (ICQNN 2019), edited by Alexander A. Dreischuh, Dragomir N. Neshev, Isabelle Staude, and Tony Spassov. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2552209.

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Kumar, S., A. Patki, N. Padhy, S. Moningi, D. Kulkarni, and G. Ramchandran. "A comparison of the effect of 0.9% saline versus balanced salt solution (plasma-lyte a) on acid base equilibrium, serum osmolarity and serum electrolytes in supratentorial neurosurgical procedures requiring craniotomy." In 18th Annual Conference of Indian Society of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care (ISNACC 2017). Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1646232.

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Dong, Su, Xuesong Song, Meng Jin, Haichun Ma, and Jia Liu. "Effects of Infusion of Acetated Ringer's Solution on Serum Electrolytes, Lactate and Body Temperature in Elderly Patients Undergoing Septic Shock Opertion." In 2015 7th International Conference on Information Technology in Medicine and Education (ITME). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itme.2015.53.

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Yoo, Kisoo, Prashanta Dutta, and Jin Liu. "Free Flow Isoelectric Focusing in a Microfluidic Device." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37629.

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In recent years, there are growing interests in the use of free flow isoelectric focusing (FFIEF). In FFIEF, a thin sheath of laminar flow is introduced perpendicular to the direction of the applied electric field for continuous separation of proteins and charged species. This technique is especially useful in microfluidic device since the electrophoretically separated bands do not have to be mobilized for detection or further analysis. In this study, a mathematical model is developed to simulate free flow isoelectric process in microfluidic devices considering electroneutrality and incompressibility of electrolytes. Our mathematical model is based on mass, momentum and charge conservation equations. A finite volume based numerical scheme is implemented to simulate two dimensional FFIEF in a microfluidic chip. Simulation results indicate that pH gradient forms as samples flow downstream and proteins can be separated effectively using this technique. A new design of microfluidic chip is proposed for separation for cardiac troponin I from serum albumin using FFIEF technique.
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Li, Junfeng, Da Xing, and Shaoxin Li. "Study on molecular interactions of bovine serum albumin in electrolyte solutions by dynamic light scattering." In Photonics Asia 2004, edited by Britton Chance, Mingzhe Chen, Arthur E. T. Chiou, and Qingming Luo. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.572820.

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Fontes, Juliana de Alencar, Gabriel Praxedes Freire, Gabriel Nascimento, and Pedro Antônio Pereira de Jesus. "Relationship between sodium disturbances on admission, stroke severity (NIHSS) and functional outcome (mRs)." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.648.

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Background: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbance in hospitalized patients and is associated with several unfavorable outcomes, as it promotes cerebral edema and consequent intracranial hypertension. As isn’t clear if there is a causal relationship or if it is only a marker of severity, we described and analyzed the association between sodium disorders, especially hyponatremia, with the severity level of the stroke and the functional condition of discharge of these patients. Methods: We did a cross-sectional study with patients admitted to a stroke unit of a reference hospital in Salvador-Ba between 11/2017 and 03/2020 included in the DISPASS cohort. We classify hyponatremia as serum sodium 145mEq / L. To analyze the association between the variables, Fisher’s exact test was performed. Results: We analyzed 399 patients whose mean age was 62. The mean sodium on admission was 138.2 mEq / L, with 56 patients (14%) with hyponatremia and 11 (3%) with hypernatremia. Among those who had sodium disorders at admission (67), 32 had moderate NIHSS, 24 severe / very severe NIHSS and 11 had mild NIHSS. X² = 2.48, p = 0.443. In addition, of these 67 patients, 13 were discharged and still needed help in daily activities and to walk (mRs 4), 15 were discharged restricted to bed (mRs 5) and 6 died during hospitalization (mRs 6). Therefore, of the 17% who had sodium disorder at admission, more than half had a poor functional outcome. Among those who had hyponatremia (56), 35.7% (20) had severe / very severe stroke, 46.4% (26) had a moderate degree, while only 10 had a mild degree. X² = 1.91, p = 0.53. Conclusions: Although the Fisher Test did not show a significant association (p> 0.05), the frequencies of patients with sodium disorders at admission and classified as having high stroke severity were presented with relevant values, so it is important to carry out further studies to investigate the relationship of these variables.
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Reports on the topic "Serum electrolytes"

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Noga, Edward J., Ramy R. Avtalion, and Michael Levy. Comparison of the Immune Response of Striped Bass and Hybrid Bass. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568749.bard.

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We developed methods for examining the pathophysical response of striped bass and hybrid bass to various forms of stress. This involved development of techniques for the measurement of lysozyme, mitogen blastogenesis, mixed lymphocyte reaction, and oxidative burst, which are important general indicators of systemic immune function. We also examined local immune defenses (epithelial integrity), as well as homeostatic indicators in blood, including osmotic balance and glucose. Acute stress resulted in significant perturbations in a number of parameters, including glucose, electrolytes, osmolarity, lysozyme, and mixed lymphocyte reaction. Most significantly, acute confinement stress resulted in severe damage to the epidermal epithelium, as indicated by the rapid (within 2 hr) development of erosions and ulcerations on various fins. There were significant differences in the resting levels of some immune functions between striped bass and hybrid bass, including response to mitogens in the leukocyte blastogenesis test. Our studies also revealed that there were significant differences in how striped bass and hybrid bass respond to stress, with striped bass being much more severely affected by stress than the hybrid. This was reflected in more severe changes in glucose, cortisol dynamics, and plasma lysozyme. Most significantly, striped bass developed more severe idiopathic skin ulceration after stress, which may be a major reason why this fish is so prone to develop opportunistic bacterial and fungal infections after stress. Hybrid bass injected with equine serum albumin developed a typical humoral immune response, with peak antibody production 28 days after primary immunization. Fish that were exposed to a chronic stress after a primary immunization showed almost complete inhibition of antibody production.
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