Journal articles: 'Serum bactericidal activity'

1

Dalhoff, A., H. Stass, and S. Obertegger. "Serum Bactericidal Activity of Moxifloxacin." Drugs 58, Supplement 2 (1999): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199958002-00054.

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Plouffe, J. F., M. F. Para, and K. A. Fuller. "Serum bactericidal activity against Legionella pneumophila." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 22, no. 5 (1985): 863–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.22.5.863-864.1985.

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Gordon, David L. "Serum bactericidal activity against Haemophilus influenzae." Pathology 20, no. 2 (1988): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00313028809066622.

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4

CIALDELLA, JOYCE I., ROGER G. ULRICH, and VINCENT P. MARSHALL. "Augmentation of serum bactericidal activity by paldimycin." Journal of Antibiotics 41, no. 5 (1988): 660–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.41.660.

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Pramoonjago, P., T. Kinoshita, K. S. Hong, Y. Takata-Kozono, H. Kozono, R. Inagi, and K. Inoue. "Bactericidal activity of C9-deficient human serum." Journal of Immunology 148, no. 3 (February 1, 1992): 837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.148.3.837.

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Abstract Escherichia coli B/SM, strain 1-1, was killed dose dependently by human hereditary C9-deficient serum (C9DHS), which was shown to contain no C9 Ag by an ELISA method. On the other hand, human hereditary C7-deficient serum did not kill the bacteria under similar conditions. The bactericidal activity of C9DHS was inhibited by rabbit anti-C5 antibody but not by murine anti-C9 mAb. The anti-C9 antibody decreased the bactericidal activity of normal human serum (NHS) to the level of that with C9DHS. Sheep anti-human lysozyme antibody did not affect the bactericidal activity of C9DHS or NHS even when added at more than twice the concentration required to block the serum lysozyme activity on Micrococcus luteus. After treatment with C9DHS and washing, surviving Escherichia coli were killed by C9, but not by lysozyme, transferrin, or both. Other strains of E. coli (K12 W3110, C600, and NIHJ) and Salmonella typhimurium (strain NCTC 74), all maintained in the laboratory, were also killed by C9DHS. However, pathogenic strains recently isolated from patients with traveler's diarrhea and some strains of S. typhimurium were resistant to both C9DHS and NHS, at least at the serum concentration tested. A concentration of 0.1 M Tris did not increase the susceptibility of serum-resistant strains of bacteria to C9DHS, but made one strain of S. typhimurium tested susceptible to NHS, but not to C9DHS. These results clearly showed that C9DHS kills bacteria that are sensitive to NHS through activation of C up to the step of C8 in the same way that C9-deficient C serum lyzed sensitized erythrocytes.

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Dudley, Michael N., Hilary D. Mandler, Kenneth H. Mayer, and Stephen H. Zinner. "Serum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Activity of Ciprofloxacin following Intravenous Administration." DICP 23, no. 6 (June 1989): 456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002808902300603.

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Serum inhibitory and bactericidal titers were measured in nine healthy volunteers following single iv doses of ciprofloxacin 100, 150, and 200 mg. The median peak serum bactericidal titer (5 minutes following completion of a 30-minute infusion) against two highly susceptible strains of Escherichia coli ranged between 1:64 and 1:1024 and titers exceeded 1:8 for six hours for all dose levels. The bactericidal titers against two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus were considerably lower, the median peak being 1:2 at all dose levels. Measured inhibitory and bactericidal titers at five minutes and one hour postinfusion were significantly greater than those predicted (measured serum ciprofloxacin concentration to minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] or minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC]) for only one strain of E. coli. Intravenous doses of ciprofloxacin 100–200 mg produce high and sustained serum bactericidal titers against highly susceptible bacteria; considerably lower levels of activity are seen against bacteria having higher MICs and MBCs but still considered susceptible to the drug.

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LeBel, Marc, Michel Pellerin, Michel G. Bergeron, Giselle Rivera, and Marthe Huot. "Serum Bactericidal Activity of Ceftazidime Increased by Netilmicin." Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy 19, no. 12 (December 1985): 932–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002808501901215.

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Desar, I. M. E., M. van Deuren, T. Sprong, J. B. M. J. Jansen, F. Namavar, C. M. Vandenbroucke-Grauls, and J. W. M. van der Meer. "Serum bactericidal activity againstHelicobacter pyloriin patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia." Clinical & Experimental Immunology 156, no. 3 (June 2009): 434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03909.x.

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BORROW, R., P. BALMER, and E. MILLER. "Meningococcal surrogates of protection?serum bactericidal antibody activity." Vaccine 23, no. 17-18 (March 18, 2005): 2222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.01.051.

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Shah, P. M. "Serum bactericidal activity of levofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 43, no. 90003 (June 1, 1999): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/43.suppl_3.61.

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11

Trautmann, M., M. Ruhnke, K. Borner, J. Wagner, and P. Koeppe. "Pharmacokinetics of sparfloxacin and serum bactericidal activity against pneumococci." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, no. 3 (March 1996): 776–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.40.3.776.

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Sparfloxacin, a new fluorinated quinolone, exhibits higher in vitro activity against pneumococci than do ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Since up to 30% of cases of pneumococcal pneumonia are associated with bacteremia, and since an increasing percentage of pneumococci are resistant against penicillin, we studied the serum bactericidal activity of sparfloxacin against pneumococci in eight healthy, middle-aged volunteers. Pharmacokinetics in serum and urine after a 400-mg oral dose of sparfloxacin were comparable to those described by other authors. Inhibitory and bactericidal activities in serum were measured for four pneumococcal isolates representing penicillin-susceptible (one isolate), intermediately resistant (two isolates), and highly resistant (one isolate) strains. Geometric mean inhibitory titers ranged between 1:2.4 and 1:6.3 and bactericidal titers ranged between 1:1.3 and 1:3.6 during a time period of 1 to 6 h after drug intake. Although such titers were not sufficient to predict a clinical response based on previous pharmacodynamic studies using quinolone antibiotics, data obtained with volunteers may only partially reflect the clinical situation in which a rise of humoral antibodies directed against pneumococcal antigens may help to reinforce the bactericidal action of the antibiotic.

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12

Joiner, K. A., L. F. Fries, M. A. Schmetz, and M. M. Frank. "IgG bearing covalently bound C3b has enhanced bactericidal activity for Escherichia coli 0111." Journal of Experimental Medicine 162, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 877–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.162.3.877.

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The mechanism was sought by which bactericidal IgG for E. coli 0111 (strain 12015) increases the bactericidal efficiency of C5b-9. IgG did not affect the distribution of C3 deposition on the O-Ag capsule and the outer membrane of 12015, suggesting that bactericidal IgG was not directing complement activation to different sites on the bacterial surface. However, one-fifth of the C3 that was deposited in the presence of IgG attached covalently to the antibody molecule. Covalent complexes between purified C3b and IgG were prepared in order to study the role of C3b-IgG in the bactericidal reaction. 8-10-fold less C3b-IgG than IgG was necessary to sensitize 12015 for serum killing. When aggregates were eliminated from the C3b-IgG and IgG preparations by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, C3b-IgG remained three- to fourfold more effective than IgG on a molecule-for-molecule bound basis in mediating the serum bactericidal reaction. These results suggest that formation of C3b-IgG during the serum bactericidal reaction is critical for killing, and have important implications for the development of effective bactericidal vaccines.

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Biller-Takahashi, J. D., L. S. Takahashi, F. Pilarski, F. A. Sebastião, and E. C. Urbinati. "Serum bactericidal activity as indicator of innate immunity in pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887)." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 65, no. 6 (December 2013): 1745–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352013000600023.

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The immune system of teleost fish has mechanisms responsible for the defense against bacteria through protective proteins in several tissues. The protein action can be evaluated by serum bactericidal activity and this is an important tool to analyze the immune system. Pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, is one of the most important fish in national aquaculture. However there is a lack of studies on its immune responses. In order to standardize and assess the accuracy of the serum bactericidal activity assay, fish were briefly challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and sampled one week after the challenge. The bacterial infection increased the concentration of protective proteins, resulting in a decrease of colony-forming unit values expressed as well as an enhanced serum bactericidal activity. The protocol showed a reliable assay, appropriate to determine the serum bactericidal activity of pacu in the present experimental conditions.

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14

Mackenzie, Andrew MR, and Noni E. MacDonald. "Influence of Rifampin Therapy on Serum Bactericidal Activity in the Presence of Cloxacillin and Vancomycin." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 1, no. 2 (1990): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1990/357189.

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In this study the effect of rifampin on serum inhibitory and serum bactericidal titres was examined. Sera were prepared from pooled human serum to contain vancomycin (10 mg/L), cloxacillin (5 mg/L) or rifampin (1 mg/L), and the combinations cloxacillin/rifampin and vancomycin/rifampin. These five sera were tested by a microtitre method for serum inhibitory power and serum bactericidal titre against 11 strains ofStaphylococcus aureus.A 48 h incubation period was required to detect full colony growth for subculture plates. It was found with all strains that the effect of the addition of rifampin to the other two antibiotics was to increase the serum inhibitory power, lower the serum bactericidal titre, increase the inhibitory/cidal ratio, and slow colony growth on subculture. In the clinical part of the study it was shown that only three of 38 sera (8%) from patients receiving betalactam or vanomycin but not rifampin gave an inhibitory/cidal ratio greater than 8, but that nine of 10 sera (90%) from patients receiving rifampin in addition to betalactam or vancomycin gave a ratio greater than 8 (P<0.001). The study verified that the effect of rifampin in serum was to increase inhibitory power and decrease bactericidal titre. The clinical significance of these results is not known and it is suggested that a high ratio of inhibitory to bactericidal titre in the presence of rifampin is to be expected, and that a low bactericidal titre under these circumstances is not necessarily an indication to modify therapy.

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15

Somekh, E., L. Heifetz, M. Dan, F. Poch, H. Hafeli, and A. Tanai. "Penetration and bactericidal activity of cefixime in synovial fluid." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, no. 5 (May 1996): 1198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.40.5.1198.

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The penetration of oral cefixime into the synovial fluids of 16 patients (mean age, 50.6 years) who underwent joint taps for rheumatic noninfectious disorders was examined. The patients were each given a single dose (400 mg) 2 to 24 h prior to the tap. Cefixime concentrations in serum and joint fluid samples were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the bactericidal activities of these fluids against three isolates each of Haemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli were examined. The highest concentrations in serum and synovial fluid were achieved 4 h following drug intake, the mean values being 2.8 and 2.03 micrograms/ml, respectively. Effective bactericidal activities (bactericidal titer, > 1:2) against E. coli and H. influenzae were demonstrated in serum and joint fluid up to 10 h following oral intake of cefixime. These results suggest that cefixime penetrates well into joint fluid, achieving levels above the MIC for E. coli lasting as long as 10 h and levels above the MIC for H. influenzae lasting up to 24 h after administration. Good bactericidal activity against susceptible bacterial isolates was observed for at least 10 h after dosing.

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16

Wolfson, John S., and Morton N. Swartz. "Serum Bactericidal Activity as a Monitor of Antibiotic Therapy." New England Journal of Medicine 312, no. 15 (April 11, 1985): 968–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm198504113121507.

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17

Wolfson, J. S., and M. N. Swartz. "SERUM BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY AS A MONITOR OF ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 4, no. 5 (September 1985): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-198509000-00038.

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18

LAGERGRD, T., A. FRISK, M. PURVEN, and L. NILSSON. "Serum bactericidal activity and phagocytosis in host defence against." Microbial Pathogenesis 18, no. 1 (January 1995): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0882-4010(95)80005-0.

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19

Stein, Gary E., Diane M. Citron, Kerin Tyrrell, and Ellie J. C. Goldstein. "Serum Bactericidal Activity of Trovafloxacin Against Selected Anaerobic Pathogens." Anaerobe 7, no. 5 (October 2001): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anae.2001.0386.

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20

Machka, K., and D. Milatovic. "Serum bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in volunteers." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology 6, no. 1 (February 1987): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02097195.

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21

Robinson, Ann, Raymond C. Bartlett, and Mary F. Mazens. "Antimicrobial Synergy Testing Based on Antibiotic Levels, Minimal Bactericidal Concentration, and Serum Bactericidal Activity." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 84, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/84.3.328.

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22

Nath, Swapan K., Gary A. Foster, Lionel A. Mandell, and Coleman Rotstein. "Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftriaxone Compared with Cefotaxime in the Presence of Serum Albumin." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 6, no. 1 (1995): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/617610.

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The effect of serum albumin on the antimicrobial activity of ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and a 1:1 ratio of cefotaxime and its desacetyl metabolite against nonpseudomonal Gram-negative bacilli was determined. Antimicrobial activity of drugs was evaluated by measuring minimum inhibitory (mic) and bactericidal (mbc) concentrations in broth with and without human serum albumin. The analysis of logarithmically transformed meanmics andmbcs showed that there was a highly significant interaction between drug and serum albumin (P<0.0001). The inhibitory and bactericidal activities were greatest for cefotaxime followed by cefotaxime/desacetylcefotaxime and ceftriaxone (P<0.01). Time-kill kinetics demonstrated that ceftriaxone was less bactericidal than cefotaxime in broth with albumin. On the basis of these results it was concluded that the in vitro antimicrobial activity of ceftriaxone compared with that of cefotaxime was significantly diminished in the presence of serum albumin.

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23

Kramov, N. "Bactericidal properties of urine against BK. Pr. Med. 932, 19." Kazan medical journal 29, no. 3 (November 19, 2021): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj86340.

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Courmont, Gardre, examining the urine of TBK patients and healthy people for its bactericidal properties, came to the following conclusions: the urine of non-TB patients does not possess bactericidal properties against VC in cultures; on the contrary, the urine of TBK patients is bactericidal. But that the property of urine is weaker than the bactericidal action of pleural effusions and blood serum. It can be assumed that the bactericidal activity of the urine of TBK patients comes from that of the blood serum.

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Zollinger, Wendell D., Elizabeth E. Moran, and Deborah H. Schmiel. "Characterization of an Antibody Depletion Assay for Analysis of Bactericidal Antibody Specificity." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 16, no. 12 (October 14, 2009): 1789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00255-09.

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ABSTRACT Serum bactericidal antibodies are important for protection against systemic Neisseria meningitidis infections. Consequently, identifying the specific targets of bactericidal antibodies is important for understanding protective immunity to meningococcal disease and for vaccine development and evaluation. We have developed a new assay that can be used to investigate the specificity of serum bactericidal antibodies. Prior to testing for bactericidal activity, antibodies specific for a given antigen or group of antigens are depleted from a serum sample by incubation with the antigen(s) bound to the wells of a 96-well microplate. A dilution series of the antigen is bound to the plate to assess the effectiveness of the antigen in removing the bactericidal antibodies. Removal of antibodies with solid-phase antigen prior to bactericidal testing avoids depletion of complement by soluble immune complexes that can form when soluble antigen is present in the bactericidal test mixture (direct inhibition). The parameters associated with this assay are investigated and compared with those associated with a direct-inhibition assay. The bactericidal depletion assay can be an effective tool for studying the specificity of serum bactericidal antibodies.

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Tukhvatullina, L. A., and R. G. Karimova. "INFLUENCE OF IMMUNOMODULATORS ON NON-SPECIFIC RESISTANCE AND PRODUCTION OF NITRIC OXIDE (II) IN THE ORGANISM OF CALVES." Scientific Notes Kazan Bauman State Academy of Veterinary Medicine 247, no. 3 (September 5, 2021): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31588/2413-4201-1883-247-3-267-272.

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The article presents data on the dynamics of bactericidal activity of blood serum against St. aureus and E. coli, and the lysozyme activity of calf blood serum against Micrococcus lisodeicticus, as well as nitrate and nitrite anions when immunomodulators are administered. It has been established that administration of «Fosprenil» increases bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum, whereas, Imunophane increases nonspecific resistance without affecting lysozyme activity. Nitric oxide (II) has been shown to be directly involved in the mechanism of non-specific immunity. At the same time, the stimulation of serum lysozyme activity requires nitric oxide (II) formation in high concentrations (above 50 µmol/l).

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Welsch, Jo Anne, and Dan Granoff. "Naturally Acquired Passive Protective Activity against Neisseria meningitidis Group C in the Absence of Serum Bactericidal Activity." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 10 (October 2004): 5903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.10.5903-5909.2004.

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ABSTRACT The hallmark of immunity to meningococcal disease is a bactericidal titer in serum of ≥1:4 measured with human complement, but this threshold titer may underestimate the extent of protection. We used the infant rat model of meningococcal bacteremia to measure group C passive protective activity in serum samples from 91 unimmunized adults living in California. A total of 35 sera (38.5%) had passive protective activity. Sera with complement-mediated bactericidal titers of ≥1:4 were 3.4-fold more likely to confer protection (89%) than nonbactericidal sera (26%; P < 0.0001). Thus, bactericidal titers of ≥1:4 are a marker of protection, but this threshold lacks sensitivity for predicting protective activity. We investigated the 73 sera with bactericidal titers of <1:4 to determine the basis of protective activity. The 19 sera with protective activity had a higher geometric mean group C anticapsular antibody concentration (0.72 μg/ml) than the 54 sera that lacked protective activity (0.16 μg/ml; P < 0.001). Thus, protective activity in the absence of bactericidal activity was associated with higher concentrations of anticapsular antibodies, but not all sera with anticapsular antibodies conferred protection. Of 18 nonbactericidal sera with anticapsular antibody concentrations between 0.31 and 0.99 μg/ml, the 11 sera that conferred protection had a higher mean antibody avidity constant (21.9 nM−1) than the 7 nonprotective sera (14.6 nM−1; P < 0.03). Thus, in sera with titers of <1:4, protective activity is associated with higher-avidity group C anticapsular antibodies, which are present in concentrations insufficient to elicit complement-mediated bacteriolysis in vitro but sufficient to confer protection in an in vivo bacteremia model.

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27

Erwin, Alice L., Yambasu A. Brewah, Debra A. Couchenour, Philip R. Barren, Stephen J. Burke, Gil H. Choi, Raju Lathigra, Mark S. Hanson, and Jeffrey N. Weiser. "Role of Lipopolysaccharide Phase Variation in Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae to Bactericidal Immunoglobulin M Antibodies in Rabbit Sera." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 2804–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.5.2804-2807.2000.

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ABSTRACT The effect of phase variation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure on the susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae to complement-dependent killing by normal human sera and normal rat sera has been described previously. The phase-variable structure phosphorylcholine (ChoP) confers susceptibility to human serum, since ChoP on the bacterial cell surface binds to serum C-reactive protein and activates complement. In contrast, expression of galα1,4gal, a second phase-variable epitope that is also found on human glycoconjugates, confers resistance to human serum. We studied the role of phase variation of these structures in the susceptibilities ofH. influenzae KW20 (Rd) and a clinical isolate of nontypeable H. influenzae to killing by rabbit sera, which often possess naturally acquired complement-dependent bactericidal activity for unencapsulated H. influenzae. Expression of ChoP increased the resistance of strain KW20 to killing by bactericidal rabbit sera. In contrast, the serum resistance of a clinical isolate, H233, was unaffected by ChoP expression but was reduced by galα1,4gal expression. The rabbit sera with bactericidal activity (but not the nonbactericidal sera) all contained immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies able to bind to the surface of H. influenzae bacteria, as detected by flow cytometry, and contained IgM antibodies to LPS purified from strain KW20. Preincubation of sera with LPS reduced their bactericidal activity. Bactericidal activity was recovered quantitatively in an IgM-enriched fraction of sera. It is concluded that naturally occuring bactericidal activity for unencapsulatedH. influenzae is largely due to IgM antibodies directed against phase-variable structures of the LPS.

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Ferrante, A., A. J. Martin, E. J. Bates, D. H. Goh, D. P. Harvey, D. Parsons, D. A. Rathjen, G. Russ, and J. M. Dayer. "Killing of Staphylococcus aureus by tumor necrosis factor-alpha-activated neutrophils. The role of serum opsonins, integrin receptors, respiratory burst, and degranulation." Journal of Immunology 151, no. 9 (November 1, 1993): 4821–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.151.9.4821.

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Abstract We have examined the effects of TNF priming on the killing of Staphylococcus aureus by human neutrophils. In the absence of serum opsonins, neutrophils failed to kill S. aureus, and TNF priming did not induce the cells to become bactericidal. Normal human serum, containing complement activity, promoted the killing of the bacteria by neutrophils. Pretreatment of neutrophils for 30 min with TNF significantly enhanced their bactericidal activity. The effects of TNF on neutrophil bactericidal activity was dependent on serum concentration and the degree of enhancement induced increased up to a concentration of 1%. The kinetics of bacterial killing showed that TNF-only enhanced the initial rate of killing, over the first 30 min. Little killing of bacteria occurred in the presence of complement-inactivated serum, and TNF did not stimulate this killing. These results suggest that TNF enhances the neutrophil complement-dependent killing of S. aureus. TNF increased the expression of CR3 (CD11b/CD18) and CR4 (P150, 95; CD11c/CD18) adhesion receptors but not LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18); and mAb against the alpha-chain of either CR3 or CR4 but not LFA-1 prevented the enhancing effects of TNF on the neutrophil bactericidal activity.

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Nicolau, D. P., C. H. Nightingale, M. A. Banevicius, Q. Fu, and R. Quintiliani. "Serum bactericidal activity of ceftazidime: continuous infusion versus intermittent injections." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, no. 1 (January 1996): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.40.1.61.

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Since beta-lactam antibiotics have concentration-independent killing, bacterial eradication is a function of the time the serum drug concentration remains above the drug's MIC (T > MIC). We compared the serum bactericidal titers (SBTs) of ceftazidime given by continuous infusion (CI) or by intermittent bolus dosing (BD) against two clinical isolates each of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli to determine if CI would allow lower daily dosing while still providing equal bactericidal activity compared with BD. This was an open-labeled, randomized, steady-state, four-way crossover study with 12 healthy volunteers. The ceftazidime regimens were 1 g every 8 h (q8h) BD, 1 g q12h BD, 3 g over 24 h CI, and 2 g over 24 h CI. The areas under the bactericidal curves were calculated by the trapezoidal rule using the reciprocal of the SBT. For all organisms the areas under the bactericidal curves for intermittent versus the CI regimens were the same for equal doses (P > 0.05). For both strains of E. coli all four regimens provided SBTs of > or = 1:2 over the dosing interval and 100% T > MIC. The 1-g q8h BD and q12h BD regimens provided T > MIC of 82 and 52%, respectively, for both P. aeruginosa isolates (MICs, 4 micrograms/ml). In comparison, the 2- and 3-g CI regimens always maintained SBTs of > or = 1:2 and T > MIC over the 24-h period as serum drug concentrations were 12.8 +/- 3.0 and 18.2 +/- 4.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. CI optimizes the pharmacodynamic and pharmacoeconomic profile of ceftazidime by providing adequate antibacterial activity over the 24-h dosing period with a reduction in the total daily dose of the antimicrobial agent.

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Schmiel, Deborah H., Elizabeth E. Moran, Paul B. Keiser, Brenda L. Brandt, and Wendell D. Zollinger. "Importance of Antibodies to Lipopolysaccharide in Natural and Vaccine-Induced Serum Bactericidal Activity against Neisseria meningitidis Group B." Infection and Immunity 79, no. 10 (July 18, 2011): 4146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.05125-11.

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ABSTRACTAnalysis of the specificity of bactericidal antibodies in normal, convalescent, and postvaccination human sera is important in understanding human immunity to meningococcal infections and can aid in the design of an effective group B vaccine. A collection of human sera, including group C and group B convalescent-phase sera, normal sera with naturally occurring cross-reactive bactericidal activity, and some postvaccination sera, was analyzed to determine the specificity of cross-reactive bactericidal antibodies. Analysis of human sera using a bactericidal antibody depletion assay demonstrated that a significant portion of the bactericidal activity could be removed by purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS homologous to that expressed on the bactericidal test strain was most effective, but partial depletion by heterologous LPS suggested the presence of antibodies with various degrees of cross-reactivity. Binding of anti-L3,7 LPS bactericidal antibodies was affected by modification of the core structure, suggesting that these functional antibodies recognized epitopes consisting of both core structures and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT). When the target strain was grown with 5′-cytidinemonophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NANA) to increase LPS sialylation, convalescent-phase serum bactericidal titers were decreased by only 2- to 4-fold, and most remaining bactericidal activity was still depleted by LPS. Highly sialylated LPS was ineffective in depleting bactericidal antibodies. We conclude that natural infections caused by strains expressing L3,7 LPS induce persistent, protective bactericidal antibodies and appear to be directed against nonsialylated bacterial epitopes. Additionally, subsets of these bactericidal antibodies are cross-reactive, binding to several different LPS immunotypes, which is a useful characteristic for an effective group B meningococcal vaccine antigen.

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Jönsson, Göran, Christina Hansson, Cecilia Sahl, and Lillemor Skattum. "Bactericidal assay with autologous serum demonstrates increased bactericidal activity after Hib vaccination in C2 deficiency." Immunobiology 221, no. 10 (October 2016): 1161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2016.06.085.

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32

Weiss, Alison A., Paula S. Mobberley, Rachel C. Fernandez, and ChrisAnna M. Mink. "Characterization of Human Bactericidal Antibodies to Bordetella pertussis." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 1424–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.3.1424-1431.1999.

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ABSTRACT The Bordetella pertussis BrkA protein protects against the bactericidal activity of complement and antibody; however, some individuals mount an immune response that overcomes this bacterial defense. To further characterize this process, the bactericidal activities of sera from 13 adults with different modes of exposure toB. pertussis (infected as adults, occupational exposure, immunized with an acellular vaccine, or no identified exposure) against a wild-type strain and a BrkA complement-sensitive mutant were evaluated. All of the sera killed the BrkA mutant, suggesting past exposure to B. pertussis or cross-reactive organisms. Several samples had no or minimal activity against the wild type. All of the sera collected from the infected and occupationally exposed individuals but not all of the sera from vaccinated individuals had bactericidal activity against the wild-type strain, suggesting that some types of exposure can induce an immune response that can overcome the BrkA resistance mechanism. Adsorbing serum with the wild-type strain removed the bactericidal antibodies; however, adsorbing the serum with a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mutant or an avirulent (bvg mutant) strain did not always result in loss of bactericidal activity, suggesting that antibodies to either LPS orbvg-regulated proteins could be bactericidal. All the samples, including those that lacked bactericidal activity, contained antibodies that recognized the LPS of B. pertussis. Bactericidal activity correlated best with the presence of the immunoglobulin G3 (IgG3) antibodies to LPS, the IgG subtype that is most effective at fixing complement.

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Beninati, Concetta, Angelina Midiri, Giuseppe Mancuso, Carmelo Biondo, Milena Arigò, Elisabetta Gerace, Salvatore Papasergi, et al. "Antiidiotypic DNA vaccination induces serum bactericidal activity and protection against group B meningococci." Journal of Experimental Medicine 203, no. 1 (January 3, 2006): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20051540.

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No vaccine is available for preventing infections by serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis (MenB), which accounts for a major portion of meningococcal cases in developed countries, because of the poor immunogenicity of the capsular polysaccharide (CP) even after protein conjugation. We have previously induced anticapsular antibodies by immunization with a single chain variable fragment (scFv), which mimics a protective CP epitope. This surrogate antigen, however, was ineffective at inducing serum bactericidal activity, an accepted marker of protection in humans. Serum bactericidal activity was consistently achieved by immunizing mice with the scFv-encoding gene. Immunization with vectors without a secretory signal sequence before the scFv resulted in markedly higher bactericidal activity relative to those with such a sequence. The induced antibodies were capsule specific, as shown by complete inhibition of bactericidal activity by purified MenB CP and by resistance to killing of MenA or MenC. Moreover, these antibodies were predominantly of the IgG2a isotype, reflecting a T helper type 1 response. Administration of sera from scFv gene–vaccinated animals protected infant rats against MenB bacteremia. These data illustrate the potential of vaccination with genes encoding capsular mimics in providing protection against MenB and other encapsulated bacteria.

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Mohammad, Mumtahina, Nahid Sultana, Anwara Begum, and Md Niamul Naser. "Seaweed (Hypnea SP.) Supplementation in Feed Play Role in Boosting Immunity of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus)." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 31, no. 1 (February 10, 2022): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v31i1.57926.

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Hypneasp. is the most common economically potential seaweed species inBangladesh. In this experiment, an initiative was taken to formulate fish feedusing seaweed (Hypneasp.) that can improve the immunity of Nile Tilapia,Oreochromisniloticus. Seaweed was supplemented in different percentages withcommercial feed to evaluate their effects on their serum bactericidal activities. A90-days experiment was conducted under five treatments – T1 (5% seaweed), T2(10% seaweed), T3 (15% seaweed), T4 (20% seaweed) and C (only commercialfeed) with a replica for each. Fish blood was collected, serum was separated fromblood and serum bactericidal activity was tested. Blood serum of 10% seaweedtreated fish showed the highest sensitivity against three bacteria (Bacillus cereus,Salmonella typhimurium, Shigellaflexneri) followed by 5% seaweed which showedsensitivity against Bacillus cereus and slightly against Salmonella typhimuriumandShigellaflexneriand 15% seaweed showed slight bactericidal activity againstBacillus cereus only, whereas, no bactericidal activity was observed for controland 20% seaweed treated fishes. The result indicates that the use of an optimumamount of seaweed supplements can improve the immunity system of Niletilapia which can prevent the growth of bacteria and likely make fishes safe forhuman consumption. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 31(1): 177-181, 2022 (January)

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Yamamoto, Atsushi, and Takaji Iida. "Bactericidal Activity of Serum of All-female Triploid Rainbow Trout." Fish Pathology 30, no. 2 (1995): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.30.123.

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Stein, Gary E. "Serum Bactericidal Activity of Trovafloxacin Against Drug-Resistant Respiratory Pathogens." Drugs 58, Supplement 2 (1999): 356–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199958002-00121.

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Solberg, Claus O., and Kjell B. Hellum. "INFLUENCE OF SERUM ON THE BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF NEUTROPHIL GRANULOCYTES." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section B Microbiology and Immunology 81B, no. 5 (August 15, 2009): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1973.tb02252.x.

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Höffken, G., H. Tetzel, P. Koeppe, and H. Lode. "Pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activity of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 16, no. 6 (1986): 763–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/16.6.763.

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Okuda, K., T. Kato, Y. Naito, M. Ono, Y. Kikuchi, and I. Takazoe. "Susceptibility of Bacteroides gingivalis to Bactericidal Activity of Human Serum." Journal of Dental Research 65, no. 7 (July 1986): 1024–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345860650070601.

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Watanabe, Koichi, Ryuki Kin, Masashi Murakami, and Motoharu Kondo. "Influence of Human Serum on Bactericidal Activity of Ceftizoxime Sodium." Chemotherapy 32, no. 2 (1986): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000238399.

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Gold, M. J., J. Calmon, M. Wendeler, M. E. Levison, and C. C. Johnson. "Synergistic Bactericidal Activity of Rat Serum with Vancomycin against Enterococci." Journal of Infectious Diseases 163, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): 1358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/163.6.1358.

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Hetherington, S. V., and M. L. Lepow. "Correlation between Antibody Affinity and Serum Bactericidal Activity in Infants." Journal of Infectious Diseases 165, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 753–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/165.4.753.

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Dan, M. "Serum bactericidal activity of newer oral cephalosporins in healthy volunteers." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 41, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/41.4.485.

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Muller-Serieys, C. "Levofloxacin: serum bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 43, no. 90003 (June 1, 1999): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/43.suppl_3.67.

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Fabbri, A., A. Tacchella, E. Ugolotti, M. L. Belli, T. Vittorino, and A. Campelli. "The Effect of Fresh Human Serum on Ofloxacin Bactericidal Activity." Journal of Chemotherapy 2, no. 3 (June 1990): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1120009x.1990.11739011.

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Boustouller, Y. L., and A. P. Johnson. "Resistance of Gardnerella vaginalis to bactericidal activity of human serum." Sexually Transmitted Infections 62, no. 6 (December 1, 1986): 380–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.62.6.380.

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Brittain, David C., Brian E. Scully, M. Juliana McElrath, Richard Steinman, Pornpen Labthavikul, and Harold C. Neu. "The Pharmacokinetics and Serum and Urine Bactericidal Activity of Ciprofloxacin." Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 25, no. 2 (March 1985): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1552-4604.1985.tb02806.x.

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Abimiku, Alash'le G., Jean M. Dolby, and S. P. Borriello. "Comparison of different vaccines and induced immune response againstCampylobacter jejunicolonization in the infant mouse." Epidemiology and Infection 102, no. 2 (April 1989): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800029940.

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SUMMARYThe degree of protection conferred by vaccinated dams on infant mice against colonization byCampylobacter jejunidepended on the bacterial strain, preparation, and route of administration of the vaccine. In some instances of homologous protection, serum bactericidal titres correlated well with protection. However, boiledC. jejunivaccine, which was non-protective, also elicited a strong bactericidal antibody response. Conversely, bactericidal activity could not be demonstrated against strains capable of cross-protection. There was a good correlation between high campylobacter-specific IgG response and bactericidal activity.

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Rabbee, Md Chhanaur, Mohammad Shahriar, Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuyian, Rishikesh Islam, and Md Asraful Islam. "Evaluation of Bactericidal Action of Serum Collected from Paratyphoid Patients and Normal Human against Salmonella Paratyphi." Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 1 (September 2, 2013): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v12i1.16303.

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A comparative study of susceptibility of clinical isolates of Salmonella Paratyphi to bactericidal action of S. Paratyphi infected human serum and uninfected human serum was investigated. Bactericidal action of S. Paratyphi infected human serum and uninfected human serum was assessed after incubating the bacterial suspension of S. Paratyphi with 40% of both infected and unifected human serum at various incubation times. Eight samples of S. Paratyphi infected serum from the patients diagnosed with paratyphoid fever were used. The investigation found that the serum killed S. Paratyphi both by classical and alternative pathways. Anti- S. Paratyphi antibodies for the bactericidal action of serum were examined by the assessment of bactericidal activity of non-immune normal human serum. Significant killing of S. Paratyphi by S. Paratyphi infected serum was investigated and the serum mediated killing was increased by increasing the incubation time. The mean growth declines gradually as the incubation time was increased. No noteworthy serum mediated killing was observed for normal human serum and inactivated (heat induced) S. Paratyphi infected serum. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 12(1): 71-75, 2013 (June) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v12i1.16303

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Koeberling, Oliver, Isabel Delany, and Dan M. Granoff. "A Critical Threshold of Meningococcal Factor H Binding Protein Expression Is Required for Increased Breadth of Protective Antibodies Elicited by Native Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccines." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, no. 5 (March 2, 2011): 736–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00542-10.

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ABSTRACTNative outer membrane vesicles (NOMV) (not detergent treated), which are prepared from recombinant strains with attenuated endotoxin activity and overexpressed factor H binding protein (fHbp), elicited broad serum bactericidal antibody responses in mice. The amount of overexpressed fHbp required for optimal immunogenicity is not known. In this study we prepared NOMV vaccines from LpxL1 knockout (ΔLpxL1) mutants with penta-acylated lipooligosaccharide and attenuated endotoxin activity. The recombinant strains had wild-type (1×) fHbp expression or were engineered for 3-fold- or 10-fold-increased fHbp expression (3× or 10× fHbp). Control vaccines included NOMV from ΔLpxL1/ΔfHbp mutants or recombinant fHbp. In mice, only the 10× fHbp NOMV vaccine elicited significantly higher serum IgG anti-fHbp antibody titers than the corresponding 1× fHbp NOMV or recombinant fHbp vaccine. The 10× fHbp NOMV vaccine also elicited higher bactericidal responses (P< 0.05) against five group B strains with heterologous PorA than the recombinant fHbp or 1× fHbp NOMV vaccine. The 3× fHbp NOMV vaccine gave higher bactericidal titers against only one strain. Serum bactericidal titers in mice immunized with the control ΔfHbp NOMV vaccines were <1:10, and bactericidal titers in mice immunized with the 10× fHbp NOMV vaccine were <1:10 after adsorption of anti-fHbp antibodies. Mixing antiserum to NOMV vaccines from fHbp knockout mutants with antiserum to recombinant fHbp did not increase anti-fHbp bactericidal titers. Thus, a critical threshold of increased fHbp expression is required for NOMV vaccines to elicit broad serum bactericidal responses, and the antibodies conferring protection are directed primarily at fHbp.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Serum bactericidal activity'

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