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Journal articles on the topic 'SERS assay'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Muhammad, Pir, Sumaira Hanif, Jiliang Yan, Fawad Ur Rehman, Jiefei Wang, Maqbool Khan, Roger Chung, et al. "SERS-based nanostrategy for rapid anemia diagnosis." Nanoscale 12, no. 3 (2020): 1948–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr09152a.

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A novel multimodal anemia diagnosis assay was developed using the SERS and compared with the routinely used clinical assays. The dual-target (iron ion/metalloprotein) capturing efficiency via strong organic cyanide affinity was utilized for whole blood analyses.

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2

Rashid, Md Abdur, Saiqa Muneer, Yahya Alhamhoom, and Nazrul Islam. "Rapid Assay for the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Edoxaban." Biomolecules 12, no. 4 (April 17, 2022): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12040590.

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Edoxaban is a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) that has been recently indicated for the treatment of pulmonary embolism (PE) in SARS-CoV-2 infections. Due to its pharmacokinetic variability and a narrow therapeutic index, the safe administration of the drug requires its therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in patients receiving the treatment. In this work, we present a label-free method for the TDM of edoxaban by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The new method utilises the thiol chemistry of the drug to chemisorb its molecules onto a highly sensitive SERS substrate. This leads to the formation of efficient hotspots and a strong signal enhancement of the drug Raman bands, thus negating the need for a Raman reporter for its SERS quantification. The standard samples were run with a concentration range of 1.4 × 10−4 M to 10−12 M using a mobile phase comprising of methanol/acetonitrile (85:15 v/v) at 291 nm followed by the good linearity of R2 = 0.997. The lowest limit of quantification (LOQ) by the SERS method was experimentally determined to be 10−12 M, whereas LOQ for HPLC-UV was 4.5 × 10−7 M, respectively. The new method was used directly and in a simple HPLC-SERS assembly to detect the drug in aqueous solutions and in spiked human blood plasma down to 1 pM. Therefore, the SERS method has strong potential for the rapid screening of the drug at pathology labs and points of care.

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3

Zhang, Hao, Yu Yi, Chunhui Zhou, Guoqing Ying, Xiangdong Zhou, Chaopeng Fu, Yifeng Zhu, and Youqing Shen. "SERS detection of microRNA biomarkers for cancer diagnosis using gold-coated paramagnetic nanoparticles to capture SERS-active gold nanoparticles." RSC Advances 7, no. 83 (2017): 52782–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra10918k.

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4

Cordina, Nicole M., Wei Zhang, Nicolle H. Packer, and Yuling Wang. "Rapid and sensitive glycan targeting by lectin-SERS assay." Molecular Omics 16, no. 4 (2020): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9mo00181f.

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5

Zhang, Hao, Chaopeng Fu, Yu Yi, Xiangdong Zhou, Chunhui Zhou, Guoqing Ying, Youqing Shen, and Yifeng Zhu. "A magnetic-based SERS approach for highly sensitive and reproducible detection of cancer-related serum microRNAs." Analytical Methods 10, no. 6 (2018): 624–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ay02727c.

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6

Maneeprakorn, W., S. Bamrungsap, C. Apiwat, and N. Wiriyachaiporn. "Surface-enhanced Raman scattering based lateral flow immunochromatographic assay for sensitive influenza detection." RSC Advances 6, no. 113 (2016): 112079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra24418a.

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A novel sensitive SERS-lateral flow immunochromatographic integration system using Raman active molecule-coated gold nanostar as reporters for influenza virus detection is reported. Qualitative and quantitative SERS signal detection can be achieved.

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7

Chuong, Tracy T., Alessia Pallaoro, Chelsea A. Chaves, Zhe Li, Joun Lee, Michael Eisenstein, Galen D. Stucky, Martin Moskovits, and H. Tom Soh. "Dual-reporter SERS-based biomolecular assay with reduced false-positive signals." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 34 (August 7, 2017): 9056–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700317114.

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We present a sensitive and quantitative protein detection assay that can efficiently distinguish between specific and nonspecific target binding. Our technique combines dual affinity reagents with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and chemometric analysis. We link one Raman reporter-tagged affinity reagent to gold nanoparticles and another to a gold film, such that protein-binding events create a “hot spot” with strong SERS spectra from both Raman reporter molecules. Any signal generated in this context is indicative of recognition by both affinity labels, whereas signals generated by nonspecific binding lack one or the other label, enabling us to efficiently distinguish true from false positives. We show that the number of hot spots per unit area of our substrate offers a quantitative measure of analyte concentration and demonstrate that this dual-label, SERS-linked aptasensor assay can sensitively and selectively detect human α-thrombin in 1% human serum with a limit of detection of 86 pM.

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8

Chen, Lei, Youngjo Sa, Yeonju Park, Hoon Hwang, Ho Ji, Bing Zhao, and Young Mee Jung. "Au-MPY/DTNB@SiO 2 SERS nanoprobe for immunosorbent assay." Vibrational Spectroscopy 87 (November 2016): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vibspec.2016.09.004.

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9

Gudun, Kristina, Zarina Elemessova, Laura Khamkhash, Ekaterina Ralchenko, and Rostislav Bukasov. "Commercial Gold Nanoparticles on Untreated Aluminum Foil: Versatile, Sensitive, and Cost-Effective SERS Substrate." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9182025.

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We introduce low-cost, tunable, hybrid SERS substrate of commercial gold nanoparticles on untreated aluminum foil (AuNPs@AlF). Two or three AuNP centrifugation/resuspension cycles are proven to be critical in the assay preparation. The limits of detection (LODs) for 4-nitrobenzenethiol (NBT) and crystal violet (CV) on this substrate are about 0.12 nM and 0.19 nM, respectively, while maximum analytical SERS enhancement factors (AEFs) are about 107. In comparative assays LODs for CV measured on AuNPs@Au film and AuNPs@glass are about 0.35 nM and 2 nM, respectively. The LOD for melamine detected on AuNPs@ Al foil is 27 ppb with 3 orders of magnitude for linear response range. Overall, AuNPs@AlF demonstrated competitive performance in comparison with AuNPs@ Au film substrate in SERS detection of CV, NBT, and melamine. To check the versatility of the AuNPs@AlF substrate we also detected KNO3 with LODs of 0.7 mM and SERS EF around 2 × 103, which is on the same order with SERS EF reported for this compound in the literature.

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10

Li, Ju-Mei, Chuan Wei, Wan-Fu Ma, Qiao An, Jia Guo, Jun Hu, and Chang-Chun Wang. "Multiplexed SERS detection of DNA targets in a sandwich-hybridization assay using SERS-encoded core–shell nanospheres." Journal of Materials Chemistry 22, no. 24 (2012): 12100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2jm30702b.

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11

Kudryashova, A. M., A. G. Galstian, E. B. Faizuloev, A. Yu Olenin, G. V. Lisichkin, V. V. Zverev, and O. V. Borisova. "DETECTION OF ADENOVIRUS ANTIGEN BY A SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY." Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology 1, no. 3 (August 25, 2019): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2018-3-25-31.

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Aim. Study of the possibility of adenovirus antigen detection by recording of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of enzyme oxidized product of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine. Materials and methods. Clinical fecal samples containing adenoviruses, group A rotaviruses, noroviruses and healthy children samples, as well as laboratory strains of adenoviruses with a titer of 5 — 6 lg TCD50/ml were used. Sandwich immunoassay was used, the Raman spectra were recorded by a Raman spectrometer (532 nm) after incubation with silver nanoparticles. Results. The concordance of the adenovirus detection results was obtained in comparison with the enzyme immunoassay method with colorimetric detection and PCR. Conclusion. The possibility of TMB+ using as a SERS reporter and silver nanoparticles as a SERS substrate for the detection of adenovirus antigen in complex biological samples was shown.

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12

Liberman, Vladimir, Kimberly Hamad-Schifferli, Todd A. Thorsen, Scott T. Wick, and Peter A. Carr. "In situ microfluidic SERS assay for monitoring enzymatic breakdown of organophosphates." Nanoscale 7, no. 25 (2015): 11013–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr01974e.

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In this paper, we report on a method to probe the breakdown of the organophosphate (OP) simulants o,s-diethyl methyl phosphonothioate (OSDMP) and demeton S by the enzyme organophosphorous hydrolase (OPH) in a microfluidic device by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).

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13

Donnelly, Tara, W. Ewen Smith, Karen Faulds, and Duncan Graham. "Silver and magnetic nanoparticles for sensitive DNA detection by SERS." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 85 (2014): 12907–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc06335j.

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14

Khan, Sadia Afrin, Anant Kumar Singh, Zhen Fan, Dulal Senapati, and Paresh Chandra Ray. "Designing distance dependent SERS assay for monitoring photothermal antibacterial activity response." Chemical Communications 48, no. 90 (2012): 11091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cc36147g.

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15

Guven, Burcu, Fahriye Ceyda Dudak, Ismail Hakki Boyaci, Ugur Tamer, and Mehmet Ozsoz. "SERS-based direct and sandwich assay methods for mir-21 detection." Analyst 139, no. 5 (2014): 1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3an01600e.

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16

Wang, Chongwen, Jiawen Xu, Junfeng Wang, Zhen Rong, Ping Li, Rui Xiao, and Shengqi Wang. "Polyethylenimine-interlayered silver-shell magnetic-core microspheres as multifunctional SERS substrates." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 33 (2015): 8684–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc01839k.

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17

Gracie, Kirsten, Elon Correa, Samuel Mabbott, Jennifer A. Dougan, Duncan Graham, Royston Goodacre, and Karen Faulds. "Simultaneous detection and quantification of three bacterial meningitis pathogens by SERS." Chem. Sci. 5, no. 3 (2014): 1030–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3sc52875h.

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18

Hibbitts, Sam, P. Lewis White, Julie Green, Graeme McNay, Duncan Graham, and Ross Stevenson. "Human papilloma virus genotyping by surface-enhanced Raman scattering." Anal. Methods 6, no. 5 (2014): 1288–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay00155a.

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19

Liu, Renyong, Chenggen Xie, Yehan Yan, Lin Hu, Suhua Wang, Khalid A. Alamry, Hadi M. Marwani, and Lijuan Chen. "Phosphorylation-Dependent SERS Readout for Activity Assay of Protein Kinase A in Cell Extracts." Nanomaterials 10, no. 3 (March 22, 2020): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10030575.

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Protein kinases are key regulators of cell function, the abnormal activity of which may induce several human diseases, including cancers. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a sensitive and reliable method for assaying protein kinase activities in real biological samples. Here, we report the phosphorylation-dependent surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) readout of spermine-functionalized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for protein kinase A (PKA) activity assay in cell extracts. In this assay, the presence of PKA would phosphorylate and alter the net charge states of Raman dye-labeled substrate peptides, and the resulting anionic products could absorb onto the AgNPs with cationic surface charge through electrostatic attraction. Meanwhile, the Raman signals of dyes labeled on peptides were strongly enhanced by the aggregated AgNPs with interparticle hot spots formed in assay buffer. The SERS readout was directly proportional to the PKA activity in a wide range of 0.0001–0.5 U·μL−1 with a detection limit as low as 0.00003 U·μL−1. Moreover, the proposed SERS-based assay for the PKA activity was successfully applied to monitoring the activity and inhibition of PKA in real biological samples, particularly in cell extracts, which would be beneficial for kinase-related disease diagnostics and inhibitor screening.

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20

Gracie, Kirsten, Diane Lindsay, Duncan Graham, and Karen Faulds. "Bacterial meningitis pathogens identified in clinical samples using a SERS DNA detection assay." Analytical Methods 7, no. 4 (2015): 1269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay00063g.

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21

Xie, D., W. F. Zhu, H. Cheng, Z. Y. Yao, M. Li, and Y. L. Zhao. "An antibody-free assay for simultaneous capture and detection of glycoproteins by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 13 (2018): 8881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp08478a.

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22

Li, Yang, Xiaojia Liu, Jiuchuan Guo, Yueting Zhang, Jinhong Guo, Xinggui Wu, Bo Wang, and Xing Ma. "Simultaneous Detection of Inflammatory Biomarkers by SERS Nanotag-Based Lateral Flow Assay with Portable Cloud Raman Spectrometer." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6 (June 5, 2021): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061496.

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Inflammatory biomarkers are closely related to infectious diseases. However, traditional clinical tests of laboratory inspection are unable to achieve rapid and accurate detection of these biomarkers on-site due to shortcomings such as complex experimental operation, expensive equipment, and long test time. Herein, we proposed a lateral flow assay (LFA) strip based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotags (SERS-LFA strips) for the simultaneous and quantitative detection of dual infection biomarkers, serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP), respectively. In practice, mesoporous silica (mSiO2)-coated Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) were used as the SERS substrate. Mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA) was embedded in the internal gap between Au NPs and the mSiO2 shell to prepare AuMBA@mSiO2 NPs, onto which SAA and CRP antibodies were modified to prepare two AuMBA@mSiO2 SERS nanotags. The Raman intensities of the test and control lines were simultaneously identified for the qualitative detection of SAA and CRP, with limits of detection (LODs) as low as 0.1 and 0.05 ng/mL for SAA and CRP, respectively. Finally, aiming at point-of-care testing (POCT) applications, we used a smartphone-based portable Raman spectrometer to quantitatively analyze the SERS-LFA strips. The Raman signal could still be accurately detected when the concentration of SAA and CRP was 10 ng/mL, which is lower than the LOD required in clinical practice for most diseases. Therefore, taking into account its simple operation and short analysis time, by using a portable Raman spectrometer which can be equipped with a 5G cloud-based healthcare management system, the current strategy based on SERS-LFA provides the potential for the quick and on-site diagnosis of infectious diseases such as sepsis, which is of great significance for medical guidance on the treatment of widely spread infection-related diseases in remote areas that lack well-developed medical resources.

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23

Truc Phuong, Nguyen Tran, Vinh Quang Dang, Le Van Hieu, Ta Ngoc Bach, Bui Xuan Khuyen, Hanh Kieu Thi Ta, Heongkyu Ju, Bach Thang Phan, and Nhu Hoa Thi Tran. "Functionalized silver nanoparticles for SERS amplification with enhanced reproducibility and for ultrasensitive optical fiber sensing in environmental and biochemical assays." RSC Advances 12, no. 48 (2022): 31352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra06074d.

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24

Fan, Ruiqi, Shusheng Tang, Sunlin Luo, Hu Liu, Wanjun Zhang, Chunjiang Yang, Lidong He, and Yiqiang Chen. "Duplex Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering-Based Lateral Flow Immunosensor for the Low-Level Detection of Antibiotic Residues in Milk." Molecules 25, no. 22 (November 11, 2020): 5249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225249.

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A duplex surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based lateral flow immunosensor was established for the simultaneous detection of two common antibiotic residues including tetracycline and penicillin in milk. The newly synthesized Au@Ag nanoparticles were labeled with different Raman molecules including 5,5-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) or 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA), followed by the conjugation of anti-tetracycline monoclonal antibody or anti-penicillin receptor, forming two kinds of SERS nanoprobes. The two nanoprobes can recognize tetracycline-BSA and ampicillin-BSA, respectively, which facilitates the simultaneous detection of the two types of antibiotics on a single test line. After optimization, detection limits of tetracycline and penicillin as low as 0.015 ng/mL and 0.010 ng/mL, respectively, were achieved. These values were far below those of most of other documented bio-analytical approaches. Moreover, the spiking test demonstrates an excellent assay accuracy with recoveries of 88.8% to 111.3%, and satisfactory assay precision with relative standard deviation below 16%. Consequently, the results demonstrate that the SERS-based lateral flow immunosensor developed in this study has the advantages of excellent assay sensitivity and remarkable multiplexing capability, thus it will have great application potential in food safety monitoring.

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25

Gao, Ye, Linfang Li, Xue Zhang, Xinnan Wang, Wei Ji, Jianzhang Zhao, and Yukihiro Ozaki. "CTAB-triggered Ag aggregates for reproducible SERS analysis of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites." Chemical Communications 55, no. 15 (2019): 2146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc09008d.

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26

Chen, Ruipeng, Hui Wang, Yiguang Zhao, Xuemei Nan, Wensong Wei, Chunmei Du, Fan Zhang, Qingyao Luo, Liang Yang, and Benhai Xiong. "Quantitative Detection of Mastitis Factor IL-6 in Dairy Cow Using the SERS Improved Immunofiltration Assay." Nanomaterials 12, no. 7 (March 26, 2022): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12071091.

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Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is generally used as a biomarker for the evaluation of inflammatory infection in humans and animals. However, there is no approach for the on-site and rapid detection of IL-6 for the monitoring of mastitis in dairy farm scenarios. A rapid and highly sensitive surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) immunofiltration assay (IFA) for IL-6 detection was developed in the present study. In this assay, a high sensitivity gold core silver shell SERS nanotag with Raman molecule 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) embedded into the gap was fabricated for labelling. Through the immuno-specific combination of the antigen and antibody, antibody conjugated SERS nanotags were captured on the test zone, which facilitated the SERS measurement. The quantitation of IL-6 was performed by the readout Raman signal in the test region. The results showed that the detection limit (LOD) of IL-6 in milk was 0.35 pg mL−1, which was far below the threshold value of 254.32 pg mL−1. The recovery of the spiking experiment was 87.0–102.7%, with coefficients of variation below 9.0% demonstrating high assay accuracy and precision. We believe the immunosensor developed in the current study could be a promising tool for the rapid assessment of mastitis by detecting milk IL-6 in dairy cows. Moreover, this versatile immunosensor could also be applied for the detection of a wide range of analytes in dairy cow healthy monitoring.

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27

Fu, Xiuli, Jiahui Wen, Jingwen Li, Hao Lin, Yongming Liu, Xuming Zhuang, Chunyuan Tian, and Lingxin Chen. "Highly sensitive detection of prostate cancer specific PCA3 mimic DNA using SERS-based competitive lateral flow assay." Nanoscale 11, no. 33 (2019): 15530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr04864b.

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28

Chen, Hao, Anupam Das, Liyan Bi, Namhyun Choi, Joung-Il Moon, Yixuan Wu, Sohyun Park, and Jaebum Choo. "Recent advances in surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based microdevices for point-of-care diagnosis of viruses and bacteria." Nanoscale 12, no. 42 (2020): 21560–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr06340a.

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29

Zhang, Hao, Chaopeng Fu, Shutao Wu, Youqing Shen, Chunhui Zhou, Jing Neng, Yu Yi, Yicheng Jin, and Yifeng Zhu. "Magnetic-capture-based SERS detection of multiple serum microRNA biomarkers for cancer diagnosis." Analytical Methods 11, no. 6 (2019): 783–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ay02423e.

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30

Sheik, Daniel, Vallabh Suresh, Kaleb Byers, U. Chinna Rajesh, Francesco Caiazza, Gina Zhu, Charles Craik, Kimberly S. Kirkwood, and V. Jo Davisson. "Discrimination of mucinous pancreatic cysts using an enzymatic turnover assay to improve clinical diagnostic accuracy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): 4151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.4151.

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4151 Background: One impact of medical imaging technology has been an approximately 3-fold increase in the incidental detection of pancreatic cysts during routine clinical examinations. To reduce burden on the healthcare system and patients, clinicians desire accurate classification of pancreatic cysts into benign non-mucinous or potentially malignant, mucinous populations. Using EUS-FNA, fluid from these cysts can provide molecular biomarkers of predictive value. However, current in vitro diagnostics lack the desired sensitivity and specificity for clinicians to accurately stratify patients for risk of pre-malignant cancers. This situation can be improved by introducing new biomarkers and novel assay platforms. An enzymatic biomarker, pepsin C, has shown high accuracy for diagnosing mucinous cysts. The use of enzymatic activity assays is applicable to clinical workflows without disruption of current standards of care. Methods: A pepsin C activity assay using a magnetic bead-based platform was developed, with both fluorescent and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) readouts. The assay platform utilizes selective peptide substrates, and a dimeric Rhodamine-6G-based dye, which allows ultrasensitive detection and significantly decreases the sample volume requirement for analysis, down to 1 µL of cyst fluid. The dye-labeled substrate is immobilized on magnetic beads and reacted with enzyme-containing samples to produce a quantitative assay signal that is standardized and expressed in true enzyme activity units. Results: While both readouts were quantitative and produced linear standard curves, SERS-based analysis was more robust against established biological matrix effects than fluorescence. Nevertheless, both assay modes successfully differentiated mucinous and non-mucinous cysts in a retrospective cohort of 69 cyst fluid samples. Compared with the standard of care CEA assay, this activity-based assay displays much improved sensitivity in diagnosing mucinous pancreatic cysts (Table). Conclusions: This pepsin c activity assay differentiates between mucinous and non-mucinous cysts better than the CEA assay and provides a quantifiable standardized readout. This work establishes a path to a true rule-out assay enabling clinicians to better stratify patients into low risk vs. potential malignancy thus impacting treatment and monitoring plans. [Table: see text]

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31

Sheik, Daniel, Vallabh Suresh, Kaleb Byers, U. Chinna Rajesh, Francesco Caiazza, Gina Zhu, Charles Craik, Kimberly S. Kirkwood, and V. Jo Davisson. "Discrimination of mucinous pancreatic cysts using an enzymatic turnover assay to improve clinical diagnostic accuracy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): 4151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.4151.

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4151 Background: One impact of medical imaging technology has been an approximately 3-fold increase in the incidental detection of pancreatic cysts during routine clinical examinations. To reduce burden on the healthcare system and patients, clinicians desire accurate classification of pancreatic cysts into benign non-mucinous or potentially malignant, mucinous populations. Using EUS-FNA, fluid from these cysts can provide molecular biomarkers of predictive value. However, current in vitro diagnostics lack the desired sensitivity and specificity for clinicians to accurately stratify patients for risk of pre-malignant cancers. This situation can be improved by introducing new biomarkers and novel assay platforms. An enzymatic biomarker, pepsin C, has shown high accuracy for diagnosing mucinous cysts. The use of enzymatic activity assays is applicable to clinical workflows without disruption of current standards of care. Methods: A pepsin C activity assay using a magnetic bead-based platform was developed, with both fluorescent and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) readouts. The assay platform utilizes selective peptide substrates, and a dimeric Rhodamine-6G-based dye, which allows ultrasensitive detection and significantly decreases the sample volume requirement for analysis, down to 1 µL of cyst fluid. The dye-labeled substrate is immobilized on magnetic beads and reacted with enzyme-containing samples to produce a quantitative assay signal that is standardized and expressed in true enzyme activity units. Results: While both readouts were quantitative and produced linear standard curves, SERS-based analysis was more robust against established biological matrix effects than fluorescence. Nevertheless, both assay modes successfully differentiated mucinous and non-mucinous cysts in a retrospective cohort of 69 cyst fluid samples. Compared with the standard of care CEA assay, this activity-based assay displays much improved sensitivity in diagnosing mucinous pancreatic cysts (Table). Conclusions: This pepsin c activity assay differentiates between mucinous and non-mucinous cysts better than the CEA assay and provides a quantifiable standardized readout. This work establishes a path to a true rule-out assay enabling clinicians to better stratify patients into low risk vs. potential malignancy thus impacting treatment and monitoring plans. [Table: see text]

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32

Lin, Duo, Jiahui Zhou, Yun Yu, Weiwei Chen, Pei-Hsuan Liao, Hao Huang, and Kien Voon Kong. "A dual-mode biosensor combining transition metal carbonyl-based SERS and a colorimetric readout for thiol detection." Analytical Methods 11, no. 41 (2019): 5232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ay01466g.

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33

Li, Chongning, Zhenghong Wang, and Zhiliang Jiang. "Ferrocene-Doped Polystyrene Nanoenzyme and DNAzyme Cocatalytic SERS Quantitative Assay of Ultratrace Pb2+." Nanomaterials 12, no. 8 (April 7, 2022): 1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12081243.

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A new, stable and high-catalytic activity ferrocene-doped polystyrene nanosphere (PNFer) sol was prepared by the hydrogel procedure and characterized by electron microscopy and molecular spectroscopy. Results show that the nanosol exhibits excellent catalysis of the new indicator nanoreaction between AgNO3 and sodium formate to generate nanosilver with strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) and surface plasmon resonance absorption (Abs) trimode molecular spectral signals. This new nanocatalytic amplification trimode indicator reaction was coupled with the G-quadruplex DNAzyme catalytic amplification of Pb2+ aptamer to fabricate a new SERS quantitative/RRS/Abs assay platform for the determination of ultratrace amounts of Pb2+. The Pb2+ content in water samples was analyzed with satisfactory results.

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34

Lyu, Nana, Vinoth Kumar Rajendran, Jun Li, Alexander Engel, Mark P. Molloy, and Yuling Wang. "Highly specific detection of KRAS single nucleotide polymorphism by asymmetric PCR/SERS assay." Analyst 146, no. 18 (2021): 5714–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1an01108a.

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35

Sun, Jiefang, Zixuan Wang, Ling Yang, Yi He, Rui Liu, Wei Ran, Zhanhui Wang, and Bing Shao. "An Improved Multiple Competitive Immuno-SERS Sensing Platform and Its Application in Rapid Field Chemical Toxin Screening." Toxics 10, no. 10 (October 12, 2022): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10100605.

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Improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by amplifying the outputting signal or reducing nonspecific binding (NSB) are the key techniques in multiple immunoassay. Aiming at these issues, this paper presents an improved multiple indirect competitive immune surface-enhanced Raman scattering (ci-SERS) assay for the rapid screening of highly toxic rodenticides in food and biological samples, which ensured remarkable accuracy, ultra-sensitivity and reproducibility. The non-fouling polymer brush grafted magnetic beads (the MB@P-CyM) were prepared as multiple competitive recognition substrates after conjugating triplex haptens (the MB@P-CyM-hap). It was demonstrated that the particular 3D hair-like structures of P-CyM not only facilitate conjugate high-density hapten but reduce the steric hindrance from SERS probes recognition, thus enhancing SNB. On the other hand, Au nanoflowers (AuNFs) of high SERS activity were synthesized using a simple one-pot hydrazine reduction. For simultaneously detecting three highly toxic rodenticides, i.e., diphacinone (DPN), bromadiolone (BRD) and tetramine (TET), the obtained AuNFs were fabricated as a SERS-encoded nanoprobe cocktail after successively labeling mono-antibodies/Raman probes. By integrating the MB@P-CyM-hap with the SERS-encoded cocktail, a highly sensitive multiple SERS assay was achieved in less than 2 h with a limit of detection of 0.62 ng mL−1 for BRD, 0.42 ng mL−1 for TET and 1.37 ng mL−1 for DPN, respectively. The recoveries of these rodenticides in spiked food and biological samples were determined and ranged from 72 to 123%. Above all, the proposed modifications show remarkable improvements for high efficient multiple chemical toxin immunoassay.

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Cui, Yanfang, Jing Zheng, Wei Zhuang, and Haiwang Wang. "A target-activated plasmon coupling surface-enhanced Raman scattering platform for the highly sensitive and reproducible detection of miRNA-21." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 24 (2021): 10907–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj00173f.

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Ji, Wei, Xue Zhang, Jianzhang Zhao, Ye Gao, Wei Song, and Yukihiro Ozaki. "In situ formation of SERS hot spots by a bis-quaternized perylene dye: a simple strategy for highly sensitive detection of heparin over a wide concentration range." Analyst 143, no. 8 (2018): 1899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8an00015h.

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Zhang, Lei, Yingshan Chen, Qin Zhu, Wenjin Ji, and Suqing Zhao. "SERS based immunochromatographic assay for rapid and quantitative determination of bisphenol A." Vibrational Spectroscopy 113 (March 2021): 103225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vibspec.2021.103225.

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Gunawardhana, Loku, Katerina Kourentzi, Adheesha N. Danthanarayana, Jakoah Brgoch, Xiaonan Shan, Richard C. Willson, and Wei-Chuan Shih. "SERS-Based Ultrasensitive Lateral Flow Assay for Quantitative Sensing of Protein Biomarkers." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 27, no. 5 (September 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2021.3062548.

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Wang, Yuling, Mohammad Salehi, Max Schütz, and Sebastian Schlücker. "Femtogram detection of cytokines in a direct dot-blot assay using SERS microspectroscopy and hydrophilically stabilized Au–Ag nanoshells." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 21 (2014): 2711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cc48633h.

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Rong, Zhen, Rui Xiao, Shuang Xing, Guolin Xiong, Zuyin Yu, Limei Wang, Xiaofei Jia, Keli Wang, Yuwen Cong, and Shengqi Wang. "SERS-based lateral flow assay for quantitative detection of C-reactive protein as an early bio-indicator of a radiation-induced inflammatory response in nonhuman primates." Analyst 143, no. 9 (2018): 2115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8an00160j.

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Serebrennikova, Kseniya V., Nadezhda A. Byzova, Anatoly V. Zherdev, Nikolai G. Khlebtsov, Boris N. Khlebtsov, Sergey F. Biketov, and Boris B. Dzantiev. "Lateral Flow Immunoassay of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen with SERS-Based Registration: Development and Comparison with Traditional Immunoassays." Biosensors 11, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11120510.

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The current COVID-19 pandemic has increased the demand for pathogen detection methods that combine low detection limits with rapid results. Despite the significant progress in methods and devices for nucleic acid amplification, immunochemical methods are still preferred for mass testing without specialized laboratories and highly qualified personnel. The most widely used immunoassays are microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with photometric detection and lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) with visual results assessment. However, the disadvantage of ELISA is its considerable duration, and that of LFIA is its low sensitivity. In this study, the modified LFIA of a specific antigen of the causative agent of COVID-19, spike receptor-binding domain, was developed and characterized. This modified LFIA includes the use of gold nanoparticles with immobilized antibodies and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotag and registration of the nanotag binding by SERS spectrometry. To enhance the sensitivity of LFIA-SERS analysis, we determined the optimal compositions of SERS nanotags and membranes used in LFIA. For benchmark comparison, ELISA and conventional colorimetric LFIA were used with the same immune reagents. The proposed method combines a low detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL (at 0.4 ng/mL for ELISA and 1 ng/mL for qualitative LFIA) with a short assay time equal to 20 min (at 3.5 h for ELISA and 15 min for LFIA). The results obtained demonstrate the promise of using the SERS effects in membrane immuno-analytical systems.

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Slipchenko, Ekaterina A., Irina A. Boginskaya, Robert R. Safiullin, Ilya A. Ryzhikov, Marina V. Sedova, Konstantin N. Afanasev, Natalia L. Nechaeva, Ilya N. Kurochkin, Alexander M. Merzlikin, and Andrey N. Lagarkov. "SERS Sensor for Human Glycated Albumin Direct Assay Based on Machine Learning Methods." Chemosensors 10, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10120520.

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In this study, a non-labeled sensor system for direct determining human glycated albumin levels for medical application is proposed. Using machine learning methods applied to surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of human glycated albumin and serum human albumin enabled the avoidance of complex sample preparation. By implementing linear discriminant analysis and regularized linear regression, classification and regression problems were solved based on the spectra obtained as a result of the experiment. The results show that, coupled with data augmentation and a special cross-validation procedure, the methods we employed yield better results in the corresponding tasks in comparison with popular random forest methods and the support vector method. The results show that SERS, in combination with machine learning methods, can be a powerful and effective tool for the simple and direct assay of protein mixtures.

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Farquharson, Stuart, Chetan Shende, Wayne Smith, Hermes Huang, Frank Inscore, Atanu Sengupta, Jay Sperry, Todd Sickler, Amber Prugh, and Jason Guicheteau. "Selective detection of 1000 B. anthracis spores within 15 minutes using a peptide functionalized SERS assay." Analyst 139, no. 24 (2014): 6366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4an01163e.

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Hassanain, Waleed A., Julia Spoors, Christopher L. Johnson, Karen Faulds, Neil Keegan, and Duncan Graham. "Rapid ultra-sensitive diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection using a SERS-based lateral flow assay." Analyst 146, no. 14 (2021): 4495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1an00726b.

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Xie, Yun, Huafang Chang, Kang Zhao, Jianguo Li, Hong Yang, Liyun Mei, Shouming Xu, and Anping Deng. "A novel immunochromatographic assay (ICA) based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering for the sensitive and quantitative determination of clenbuterol." Analytical Methods 7, no. 2 (2015): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay01923g.

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Marks, Haley, Monika Schechinger, Javier Garza, Andrea Locke, and Gerard Coté. "Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for in vitro diagnostic testing at the point of care." Nanophotonics 6, no. 4 (June 13, 2017): 681–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0180.

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AbstractPoint-of-care (POC) device development is a growing field that aims to develop low-cost, rapid, sensitive in-vitro diagnostic testing platforms that are portable, self-contained, and can be used anywhere – from modern clinics to remote and low resource areas. In this review, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is discussed as a solution to facilitating the translation of bioanalytical sensing to the POC. The potential for SERS to meet the widely accepted “ASSURED” (Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid, Equipment-free, and Deliverable) criterion provided by the World Health Organization is discussed based on recent advances in SERS in vitro assay development. As SERS provides attractive characteristics for multiplexed sensing at low concentration limits with a high degree of specificity, it holds great promise for enhancing current efforts in rapid diagnostic testing. In outlining the progression of SERS techniques over the past years combined with recent developments in smart nanomaterials, high-throughput microfluidics, and low-cost paper diagnostics, an extensive number of new possibilities show potential for translating SERS biosensors to the POC.

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Tu, Zhijie, Siyun Cheng, Hao Dong, Wenqi Wang, Xingsheng Yang, Bing Gu, Shengqi Wang, and Chongwen Wang. "Universal and ultrasensitive detection of foodborne bacteria on a lateral flow assay strip by using wheat germ agglutinin-modified magnetic SERS nanotags." RSC Advances 12, no. 42 (2022): 27344–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra04735g.

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Huang, Yufeng, Suqi Liao, Mei Xiong, Yefei Ma, Jingjin Zhao, and Shulin Zhao. "A silver nanorod based SERS assay for the homogeneous detection of uracil-DNA glycosylase activity." Analytical Methods 9, no. 5 (2017): 786–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ay02869a.

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Tahir, Muhammad Ali, Xinlian Zhang, Hanyun Cheng, Dong Xu, Yiqing Feng, Guodong Sui, Hongbo Fu, Ventsislav K. Valev, Liwu Zhang, and Jianmin Chen. "Klarite as a label-free SERS-based assay: a promising approach for atmospheric bioaerosol detection." Analyst 145, no. 1 (2020): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9an01715a.

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