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1
Mayhew, Lisa E., and Eric T. Ellison. "A synthesis and meta-analysis of the Fe chemistry of serpentinites and serpentine minerals." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2165 (January 6, 2020): 20180420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0420.
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The iron chemistry of serpentinites and serpentine group minerals is often invoked as a record of the setting and conditions of serpentinization because Fe behaviour is influenced by reaction conditions. Iron can be partitioned into a variety of secondary mineral phases and undergo variable extents of oxidation and/or reduction during serpentinization. This behaviour influences geophysical, geochemical and biological aspects of serpentinizing systems and, more broadly, earth systems. Iron chemistry of serpentinites and serpentines is frequently analysed and reported for single systems. Interpretations of the controls on, and the implications of, Fe behaviour drawn from a single system are often widely extrapolated. There is a wealth of serpentinite/serpentine chemical composition data available in the literature. Consequently, compilation of a database including potential predictors of Fe behaviour and measures of Fe chemistry enables systematic investigation of trends in Fe behaviour across a variety of systems and conditions. The database presented here contains approximately 2000 individual data points including both bulk rock and serpentine mineral geochemical data which are paired whenever possible. Measures of total Fe and Fe oxidation state, which are more limited, are compiled with characteristics of the systems from which they were sampled. Observations of trends in Fe chemistry in serpentinites and serpentines across the variety of geologic systems and parameters will aid in verifying and strengthening interpretations made on the basis of Fe chemistry. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Serpentinite in the Earth system’.
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Shiba, Masayuki, Tomoki Tate, and Tatsuya Fukuda. "Adaptative Leaf Morphology of Eurya japonica Thunb. (Ternstroemiaceae) in Serpentine Areas." Journal of Plant Studies 11, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jps.v11n1p10.
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Serpentine soils are known to affect plant growth and plants in these soils have morphological and anatomical modifications. Comparative leaf morphology and anatomy studies of Eurya japonica Thunb. was conducted between serpentine and inland (control) areas. Our morphological analyses revealed that the individuals in the serpentine areas had significantly smaller and thicker leaves than those in the inland areas. Our anatomical analyses showed that the smaller leaves of serpentines had decreased numbers of cells, and their thicker leaves contributed to the increased height of epidermal cells, palisade tissue, and spongy tissue. Furthermore, the stomatal size of serpentines was significantly smaller than those from the inland areas. We concluded that E. japonica adapted to the serpentine areas by decreasing leaf size due to low levels of nutrients, by thickening the leaves to store water and reducing the stomatal size to minimize water loss via gas exchange.
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Pavlova, Dolja. "Effect of nickel on pollen germination and pollen tube length in Arabis alpina (Brassicaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 4 (2016): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt15291.
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In this work we studied and compared the toxic effect of nickel (Ni) on pollen germination and pollen tube length in Arabis alpina L. collected from serpentine and non-serpentine populations distributed in the Rila mountains, Bulgaria. Pollen grains were treated with prepared standard solutions of 100, 300, 500, and 700 μM Ni as NiCl2 in distilled water. A nutritional medium was also used to assess pollen germination. Nickel inhibited pollen germination and pollen tube elongation in both serpentine and non-serpentine plants. The percentage of germinated pollen in serpentine plants treated with Ni was higher than in non-serpentine plants but there was no difference in pollen tube elongation between groups. However, pollen tubes showed abnormalities such as coiling and swelling of the tip, or burst, and varied considerably among the samples. A complete break of pollen tube elongation is due to such abnormalities. Also, decreased pollen fertility in both populations was found. The plants from serpentines were less sensitive to (i.e. more tolerant of) elevated Ni concentrations commonly found in serpentine soils.
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Mohsin Mohammed Ghazal, Abdulsalam Mahdi Salih, and Abdulhadi Hamad Mohammed. "Serpentinite Rocks of Mawat Ophiolite Complex, Northeastern Iraq, Beetwat Village: 1-Petrography and Diffractometry." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 23, no. 7 (January 26, 2023): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v23i7.699.
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The Mawat ophiolite complex is of Cretaceous period as a residue of oceanic crust covers about 200 km2, Northeastern Iraq.. The serpentinite rocks are exposed as a diapir in the northeastern suture Zagros zone of Iraq near Beetwat village, The field study and petrography reveal two types of serpentinite, the shear and massive, with three serpentine varieties. The serpentinite rocks are affected by secondary processes such as diagenesis, metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration in different degrees. Some common Textures in these rocks are pseudomorphic such as mesh or sieve textures, glass hour and bastite texture. Nonpsedomorphic textures appear also in these rocks such as interpenetrating fibrous, interlocking textures. Mineralogically, the massive serpentine minerals are lizardite and chrysotile that affected by recrystalization and replacement of lizardite. The (XRD) analysis explain that the serpentine is composed of lizardite, chrysotile, antigorite, in addition to amphibole minerals (anthophyllite and tremolite), chlorite talc, and opaque minerals as chromite.
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Wang, Yongbin, Jun Peng, Shuang Liu, Guoping Luo, Fang Zhang, and Shengli An. "Effects of Magnesium Mineral on the Reduction and Expansion Performances of Baiyun Ebo Iron Pellets." Metals 14, no. 1 (January 18, 2024): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14010116.
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Pellet ore is an important raw material for blast furnace ironmaking, and its reduction and expansion performance directly affects the smooth operation and smelting indicators of the blast furnace. This paper quantitatively studied the effects of magnesium minerals such as dolomite and serpentinite on the pellet-forming performance, the microstructure after roasting, compressive strength, and the reduction expansion performance of Baiyun Ebo iron concentrate. The optimal ratio of dolomite and serpentinite to add was determined when preparing pellets using Baiyun Ebo iron concentrate powder. The results showed that the drop strength and compressive strength of the green pellet after adding serpentine were relatively higher than those after adding dolomite, indicating that controlling the MgO content in the green pellet at 2.5% using serpentine was beneficial for improving the drop strength and compressive strength. Under the condition of adding dolomite, when the MgO content was 2.5%, the compressive strength of the roasted pellet was the highest, which was 2192.6 N, and the volume expansion rate was 12.32%. Under the condition of adding serpentine, when the MgO content was 2.5%, the compressive strength of the roasted pellet was 2622.2 N, and the volume expansion rate was 9.71%. Compared with dolomite as a magnesium additive, when the reduction expansion rate of Baiyun Ebo iron concentrate was controlled within 20%, serpentine only needed to have a MgO content of about 1.5% in the pellets, while dolomite needed to have a MgO content of about 2.5%. Therefore, under the condition that the MgO contents of dolomite and serpentine were equivalent, the amount of serpentine used was lower.
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Picazo, Suzanne, Benjamin Malvoisin, Lukas Baumgartner, and Anne-Sophie Bouvier. "Low Temperature Serpentinite Replacement by Carbonates during Seawater Influx in the Newfoundland Margin." Minerals 10, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10020184.
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Serpentinite replacement by carbonates in the seafloor is one of the main carbonation processes in nature providing insights into the mechanisms of CO2 sequestration; however, the onset of this process and the conditions for the reaction to occur are not yet fully understood. Preserved serpentine rim with pseudomorphs of carbonate after serpentine and lobate-shaped carbonate grains are key structural features for replacement of serpentinite by carbonates. Cathodoluminescence microscopy reveals that Ca-rich carbonate precipitation in serpentinite is associated with a sequential assimilation of Mn. Homogeneous δ18O values at the µm-scale within grains and host sample indicate low formation temperature (<20 °C) from carbonation initiation, with a high fluid to rock ratio. δ13C (1–3 ± 1‰) sit within the measured values for hydrothermal systems (−3–3‰), with no systematic correlation with the Mn content. δ13C values reflect the inorganic carbon dominance and the seawater source of CO2 for carbonate. Thermodynamic modeling of fluid/rock interaction during seawater transport in serpentine predicts Ca-rich carbonate production, at the expense of serpentine, only at temperatures below 50 °C during seawater influx. Mg-rich carbonates can also be produced when using a model of fluid discharge, but at significantly higher temperatures (150 °C). This has major implications for the setting of carbonation in present-day and in fossil margins.
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Mellini, Marcello. "Chrysotile and polygonal serpentine from the Balangero serpentinite." Mineralogical Magazine 50, no. 356 (June 1986): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1986.050.356.17.
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AbstractTransmission electron microscopy shows that normal chrysotile and polygonal serpentine occur together and in parallel association with balangeroite, within the slip-veins of the Balangero serpentinite. Chrysotile substitutes for balangeroite and it is later replaced by the polygonal serpentine.The chrysotile fibres are packed together according to a rod close-packing scheme, with defects. Lattice images of the polygonal serpentine confirm the structure model proposed by Middleton and Whittaker (1976), consisting of polygonally arranged fiat layers. This structural type is probably common for serpentine minerals and constitutes a fourth main type of layer configuration in 1:1 layer silicates.
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Hegde, Dileep, Sunith Mahantheshappa, Jayarama Reddy, and Praveen Kumar Nagadesi. "Soil Microflora in Rhizosphere of Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Spreng and Rauwolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz from Western Ghats region of Uttara Kannada. Karnataka, India." Saudi Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 7, no. 7 (July 5, 2022): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjpm.2022.v07i07.001.
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A study was conducted for the isolation and identification of soil micro-flora in rhizosphere of B. racemosa (L.) Spreng and R. serpentine (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, trees from Western Ghats region of Uttar Kannada, Karnataka, India. Soil samples were collected from rhizosphere of B. racemosa and R. serpentine plants, during the months of February 2022. Soil microbes were isolated by using soil dilution technique. The total number of bacteria isolated from B. racemose and R. serpentinais rhizosphere is 2,666,600 and 4,461,160 per gram of soil respectively. The rhizospheric fungal isolates present in B. racemosa and R. serpentina plants is 3,281,200 and 1,946,200 per gram of soil respectively. In B. racemosa rhizosphere, the percentage contribution is Penicillium sp with 13.679%, In R. serpentine rhizosphere, the highest percentage contribution is Cladosporium sp., Trichoderma sp.with17.663% and 17.391% respectively. In rhizosphere of B. racemose, 19 different species belonging to 15 genera were isolated; among which Penicillium species is dominating over other fungal species isolated. In rhizosphere of R. serpentina, 18 different species belonging to 11 genera were observed; among which Trichoderma sp.is dominating over other fugal species isolates. The most frequently isolated fungi from the rhizosperes of B. racemosa and R. serpentine plants are Penicillium sp and Trichoderma sp.For the first time the rhizospheric micro-flora i.e., bacteria and fungi was reported from B. racemose soil sample collected from Western Ghats region of Uttara Kannada. For the first time the rhizospheric myco-flora was reported from R. serpentine soil samples collected from Western Ghats region of Uttara Kannada. All the bacteria and fungi isolated was new report to Wester Ghats region of Uttar Kannada, Karnataka, India.
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Boschi, Chiara, Federica Bedini, Ilaria Baneschi, Andrea Rielli, Lukas Baumgartner, Natale Perchiazzi, Alexey Ulyanov, Giovanni Zanchetta, and Andrea Dini. "Spontaneous Serpentine Carbonation Controlled by Underground Dynamic Microclimate at the Montecastelli Copper Mine, Italy." Minerals 10, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10010001.
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Understanding low temperature carbon sequestration through serpentinite–H2O–CO2 interaction is becoming increasingly important as it is considered a potential approach for carbon storage required to offset anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In this study, we present new insights into spontaneous CO2 mineral sequestration through the formation of hydromagnesite + kerolite with minor aragonite incrustations on serpentinite walls of the Montecastelli copper mine located in Southern Tuscany, Italy. On the basis of field, petrological, and geochemical observations coupled with geochemical modeling, we show that precipitation of the wall coating paragenesis is driven by a sequential evaporation and condensation process starting from meteoric waters which emerge from fractures into the mine walls and ceiling. A direct precipitation of the coating paragenesis is not compatible with the chemical composition of the mine water. Instead, geochemical modeling shows that its formation can be explained through evaporation of mine water and its progressive condensation onto the mine walls, where a layer of serpentinite powder was accumulated during the excavation of the mine adits. Condensed water produces a homogeneous film on the mine walls where it can interact with the serpentinite powder and become enriched in Mg, Si, and minor Ca, which are necessary for the precipitation of the observed coating paragenesis. The evaporation and condensation processes are driven by changes in the air flow inside the mine, which in turns are driven by seasonal changes of the outside temperature. The presence of “kerolite”, a Mg-silicate, is indicative of the dissolution of Si-rich minerals, such as serpentine, through the water–powder interaction on the mine walls at low temperature (~17.0 to 18.1 °C). The spontaneous carbonation of serpentine at low temperature is a peculiar feature of this occurrence, which has only rarely been observed in ultramafic outcrops exposed on the Earth’s surface, where instead hydromagnesite predominantly forms through the dissolution of brucite. The high reactivity of serpentine observed, in this study, is most likely due to the presence of fine-grained serpentine fines in the mine walls. Further study of the peculiar conditions of underground environments hosted in Mg-rich lithologies, such as that of the Montecastelli Copper mine, can lead to a better understanding of the physical and chemical conditions necessary to enhance serpentine carbonation at ambient temperature.
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Wicks, Fred J. "Status of the reference X-ray powder-diffraction patterns for the serpentine minerals in the PDF database—1997." Powder Diffraction 15, no. 1 (March 2000): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600010824.
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A critical examination of the reference X-ray powder-diffraction patterns of the serpentine minerals in the Powder-Diffraction File (PDF) database has revealed an unsettling situation. Most of the patterns in, or previously in, the PDF database are inaccurate, misidentified, or of poor quality. The PDF database is not a dependable tool for identifying the serpentine minerals, and has not been since the mid-1960s. This has serious implications for studies on serpentine minerals that have depended on the PDF database, particularly those by nonmineralogists doing health and environmental studies of chrysotile asbestos. In the current PDF database, lizardite-1T, carlosturanite, some amesite, and possibly some antigorite (but with inappropriate polytype symbols) can be identified. Only one of the many multilayer lizardites can be identified. The current pattern for chrysotile-2Mc1 (clinochrysotile) is of reasonable quality, but not the best, however the earlier patterns still in the database are so problematic that any chrysotile-2Mc1 identification must be considered suspect. Chrysotile-2Oc1 (orthochrysotile), and any mixture of serpentines cannot be identified using the PDF database. Until the reference serpentine patterns are corrected the PDF database cannot be considered a reliable identification tool. High-quality powder-diffraction patterns of the serpentine minerals have been published and can be rapidly introduced into the PDF database.© 2000 International Centre for Diffraction Data.
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HIDALGO-TRIANA, NOELIA, and ANDRÉS V. PÉREZ-LATORRE. "A study of functional traits reveals serpentinomorphoses and new taxa in populations of Mediterranean Genista (Fabaceae)." Phytotaxa 394, no. 4 (March 4, 2019): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.394.4.2.
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In this work we try to determine whether the modifications in the functional traits of a plant species, both morphological and phenological, and caused by the adaptive serpentinomorphoses syndrome are enough to differentiate a new taxon. For this purpose, Genista hirsuta subsp. lanuginosa, a western Mediterranean serpentinophyte (subserpentinophyte) with populations both on serpentines and outside them was selected. The study of functional types (functional traits, which link morphology with adaptations, and phenological reproductive and vegetative phases) was performed in both populations. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two types of populations (serpentine and non-serpentine) with respect to some of the quantitative functional characters studied (plant height, crown diameter, Specific leaf area (SLA), and length of photosynthetic stems). Moreover, other differences were detected with respect to semi-quantitative and qualitative traits: location of renewal buds, branch type, morphology of aerial part, bark consistency, leaf tomentosity, morphology of the root system, and organ redness. Some of them are consistent with serpentinomorphoses syndrome, such as the existence of dwarfism (height of plants), cushion habit, macro-rooted plants and lower SLA (stenophylly) in serpentine populations, besides the presence of redness, which could be a character also linked to serpentinomorphoses. However, neither glaucescent organs nor glabrescence were observed (on the contrary, there is a greater general tomentosity in the plants of the serpentine population). In addition, phenological differences were detected, consisting of a generalized shortening of the phenophases and a certain delay in the reproductive phenophases in the serpentine populations, a characteristic trait in serpentine flora, and differences in sequencing phenophases. These facts lead to propose the use of phenology, in combination with functional traits, to detect serpentinomorphoses syndrome. The detected differences are enough to separate taxonomically the two populations of Genista hirsuta subsp. lanuginosa, proposing for the non-serpentine populations a new variety: var. silicicola nov.
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Ivanova, Tatiana K., Irina P. Kremenetskaya, Andrey I. Novikov, Valentin G. Semenov, Anatoly G. Nikolaev, and Marina V. Slukovskaya. "In Situ Control of Thermal Activation Conditions by Color for Serpentines with a High Iron Content." Materials 14, no. 21 (November 8, 2021): 6731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216731.
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Serpentine heat treatment at temperatures of 650–750 °C yields magnesium–silicate reagent with high chemical activity. Precise and express control of roasting conditions in laboratory kilns and industrial aggregates is needed to derive thermally activated serpentines on a large scale. Color change in serpentines with a high iron content during roasting might be used to indicate the changes in chemical activity in the technological process. This study gives a scientific basis for the express control of roasting of such serpentines by comparing the colors of the obtained material and the reference sample. Serpentines with different chemical activity were studied by X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and optical spectroscopy. The color parameters were determined using RGB (red, green, blue), CIELAB (International Commission on Illumination 1976 L*a*b), and HSB (hue, brightness, saturation) color models. The color of heat-treated samples was found to be affected by changes in the crystallochemical characteristics of iron included in the structure of the serpentine minerals. The color characteristics given by the CIELAB model were in good coherence with the acid-neutralizing ability and optical spectra of heat-treated serpentines. Thus, in contrast to the long-term analysis by these methods, the control by color palette provides an express assessment of the quality of the resulting product.
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D'Antonio, M., and M. B. Kristensen. "Serpentine and brucite of ultramafic clasts from the South Chamorro Seamount (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 195, Site 1200): inferences for the serpentinization of the Mariana forearc mantle." Mineralogical Magazine 68, no. 6 (December 2004): 887–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461046860229.
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AbstractSerpentine minerals and brucite in ultramafic rocks from the South Chamorro Seamount were characterized chemically to investigate the serpentinization of the Mariana forearc mantle. Relict primary minerals of the serpentinites are olivine, enstatite and minor Cr-spinel and diopside. The secondary minerals are mostly serpentine and brucite with minor magnetite. The serpentine minerals, mostly lizardite and chrysotile, display large compositional variations. Al2O3 and Cr2O3 contents depend generally upon the nature of the primary mineral from which the serpentine was derived. Both serpentine minerals and brucite exhibit wide Mg, Fe and Mn substitution: the Mg# ranges are 95.1–77.2 and 88.9–60.8, respectively. These mineralogical and chemical features allowed us to estimate an upper temperature limit for serpentinization of ∼200–300°C, in agreement with recent thermal models which suggest that the serpentinized mantle wedge of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction zone is cold. The high degree of serpentinization (40–100%, average >75%), and the serpentine + brucite paragenesis of these ultramafics imply that the Mariana forearc mantle has a significantly reduced density and strength down to ∼30 km, which provides a driving mechanism for serpentinite diapirism. Pervasive serpentinization of the forearc by fluids released from the décollement zone also explains the low seismicity of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction zone.
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Slukovskaya, Marina V., Anna G. Petrova, Liubov A. Ivanova, Tatiana K. Ivanova, Irina A. Mosendz, Andrey I. Novikov, Anna A. Shirokaya, Mariia V. Kovorotniaia, Taras L. Panikorovskii, and Irina P. Kremenetskaya. "Serpentine Overburden Products—Nature-Inspired Materials for Metal Detoxification in Industrially Polluted Soil." Toxics 11, no. 12 (November 23, 2023): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11120957.
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The possibility of plants growing on serpentine soils and the ability of serpentine minerals to accumulate significant amounts of metals was the basis for developing a method for using serpentine-containing materials to restore vegetation in areas with a high level of metal pollution. Serpentine-containing products obtained from phlogopite mining overburden (Kovdor, Murmansk region, Russia) with and without thermal activation were used in a field experiment on the remediation of industrially polluted peat soil. According to the geochemical mobility of the components, one of four fractions was allocated depending on the acidic (HCl) concentration of the solution used for the material treatment: readily mobile (0.001 mol/L), mobile (0.01 mol/L), potentially mobile (0.1 mol/L), and acid-soluble (1.0 mol/L). This study showed that the addition of serpentinites to peat soil changed the fraction composition. The most significant changes were noted for serpentinite components such as Ca and Mg: their concentrations increased 2–3 times even in the smallest portion of serpentine material. On the contrary, the contents of metals in the readily mobile fraction decreased 3–18, 3–23, 5–26, and 2–42 times for Cu, Ni, Fe, and Al, respectively. The main factor causing the decrease in metal mobility was the pH rise due to the release of Ca and Mg compounds into the soil solution. This study showed that the addition of serpentine-containing material at 25 vol.% to peat soil was sufficient to create a geochemical barrier with a stable-functioning vegetation cover. All serpentine-containing materials are recommended for the remediation of large industrially polluted areas.
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Yu, Xiaomin, Yingxin Liu, and Chuqi Cao. "Mineralogy and Geochemistry of “Laoshan Jade” from Shandong Province, China: Implications for Petrogenesis." Crystals 12, no. 2 (February 11, 2022): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12020243.
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“Laoshan Jade” is located in the Yangkou area of the Sulu UHP metamorphic belt. This is the first time a systematic research study is performed on its conventional gemological characteristics, mineral compositions, geochemical characteristics, and petrogenesis using a polarized light microscope, an electron probe microanalyzer (EMPA), an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), and a Raman spectrometer. The gemological characteristics of “Laoshan Jade” are consistent with serpentine jade. It can be named serpentinite, mainly composed of serpentine (antigorite), chlorite (clinochlore), and magnetite. Some samples contain magnesite and chromite. Only small amounts of unaltered forsterite, chrysolite, and diopside can be found in poor-quality serpentine jade. The protolith of “Laoshan Jade” is metamorphic peridotite. Antigorite is altered from olivine. Clinochlorite is altered from the diopside. Disseminated magnetite is the metamorphic product. Unaltered olivine and diopside belong to protolith. Chromite with zonal texture also belongs to protolith. The average temperature and pressure of its core are calculated to be 1348 °C and 3.1 GPa, which indicates that the protolith comes from the mantle asthenosphere. The formation temperature of its edge is lower than 500 °C, with metamorphic origin. XRF experiments show that “Laoshan Jade” samples are relatively rich in Mg and more depleted in fusible elements (Al, Ca) than the original mantle peridotite, indicating that serpentinite protolith has undergone a certain degree of partial melting. Combined with EPMA results, the findings of this study reveal that protolith belongs to the depleted mantle peridotite in the subduction zone, partially melted in the mantle wedge, and reacted with subduction zone fluid. Pyroxene is altered into chlorite, olivine is altered into serpentine, and magnet is generated. The edge of chromite in the protolith is altered by the iron-rich fluid into magnetite. Finally, serpentinite is formed.
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Fu, Wei, Yangyang Feng, Peng Luo, Yinmeng Zhang, Xiaorong Huang, Xiangwei Zeng, Qian Cai, and Yongzhang Zhou. "Weathering of Ophiolite Remnant and Formation of Ni Laterite in a Strong Uplifted Tectonic Region (Yuanjiang, Southwest China)." Minerals 9, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9010051.
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The Yuanjiang Ni deposit in southwestern margin of the Yunnan Plateau is the only economically important lateritic Ni deposit in China. It contains 21.2 Mt ore with an average grade of 1.05 wt % Ni and has been recognized as the second largest Ni producer in China following the Jinchuan super-large magmatic Ni–Cu deposit. This Ni deposit is hosted within the lateritic regolith derived from serpentinite within the regional Paleo-Tethyan Ophiolite remnants. Local landscape controls the distribution of the Ni mineralized regolith, and spatially it is characterized by developing on several stepped planation surfaces. Three types of lateritic Ni ores are identified based on Ni-hosting minerals, namely oxide ore, oxide-silicate mixed ore and silicate ore. In the dominant silicate ore, two phyllosilicate minerals (serpentine and talc) are the Ni-host minerals. Their Ni compositions, however, are remarkably different. Serpentine (0.34–1.2 wt % Ni) has a higher Ni concentration than talc (0.18–0.26 wt % Ni), indicating that the serpentine is more significantly enriched in Ni during weathering process compared to talc. This explains why talc veining reduces Ni grade. The geochemical index (S/SAF value = 0.33–0.81, UMIA values = 17–60) indicates that the serpentinite-derived regolith has experienced, at least, weak to moderate lateritization. Based on several lines of paleoclimate evidence, the history of lateritization at Yuanjiang area probably dates to the Oligocene-Miocene boundary and has extended to the present. With a hydrology-controlled lateritization process ongoing, continuous operation of Ni migration from the serpentinite-forming minerals to weathered minerals (goethite and serpentine) gave rise to the development of three types of Ni ore in the regolith. Notably, the formation and preservation of the Yuanjiang lateritic Ni deposit has been strongly impacted by regional multi-staged tectonic uplift during the development of Yunnan Plateau. This active tectonic setting has promoted weathering of serpentinite and supergene Ni enrichment, but is also responsible for its partial erosion.
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Ivanova, Tatiana K., Irina P. Kremenetskaya, Valentina V. Marchevskaya, Marina V. Slukovskaya, and Svetlana V. Drogobuzhskaya. "Magnesium Silicate Binding Materials Formed from Heat-Treated Serpentine-Group Minerals and Aqueous Solutions: Structural Features, Acid-Neutralizing Capacity, and Strength Properties." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 8785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248785.
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The influence of structural features of three serpentine-group minerals (antigorite, chrysotile, and lizardite) on the hydration of heat-treated materials and the formation of magnesium silicate binder has been studied. Initial serpentine samples have been fired in the interval 550–800 °C with a step of 50 °C; acid neutralization capacity (ANC) values have been determined for all samples. Antigorite samples (SAP) have exhibited a maximum reactivity at a temperature of 700 °C (ANC 7.7 meq/g). We have established that the acid-neutralizing capacity of chrysotile and lizardite samples in the temperature range of 650–700 °C differ slightly; the capacity varied in the interval of 19.6–19.7 meq/g and 19.6–19.7 meq/g, respectively. The samples obtained at optimal temperatures (antigorite—700 °C, lizardite, and chrysotile—650 °C) have been studied. Heat-treated serpentines have interacted with water vapor for a year; serpentine hydration has been investigated. The strength characteristics of the resulting binder agents were studied after 7, 28, 180, and 360 days. Upon hardening within 7 days, the strengths of the SAP and SCH samples have been almost the same (2.2 MPa), whereas this indicator for the SLH and SLK samples has been significantly lower (0.5 MPa). After hardening for over a year, the chrysotile sample SCH had the highest strength (about 8 MPa), whereas the strength of antigorite SAP was 3 MPa. The samples of initial, heat-treated, and hydrated heat-treated serpentines have been studied using XRD, differential scanning calorimetry, and surface texture analysis. The serpentine structure is crucial in destroying the mineral crystal lattice during heat treatment. In contrast to heat-treated chrysotile and lizardite, antigorite did not adsorb water. Structural features of chrysotile provided the highest compressive strength of the binding agent compared with antigorite and lizardite. The acid-neutralizing ability of lizardite was noticeably higher than antigorite, whereas its compressive strength was lower due to the layered mineral structure and impurities. We have established that the minerals’ structural features are crucial for the hydration of heat-treated serpentines; the structure determines material utilization in various environmental technologies.
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Cressey, G., B. A. Cressey, and F. J. Wicks. "Polyhedral serpentine: a spherical analogue of polygonal serpentine?" Mineralogical Magazine 72, no. 6 (December 2008): 1229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.6.1229.
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AbstractVugs in late hydrothermal veins in the serpentinite at Gew-graze, Lizard, Cornwall, UK, contain serpentine spheres ≤0.7 mm in diameter composed of a crystallographically controlled radial array of well crystallized lizardite-1Tcrystals. Examinations with optical and scanning electron microscopy reveal that the spheres actually have polyhedral morphology. The polyhedral facets at the sphere surface are the (0001) terminations of individual single crystals of lizardite. Each lizardite crystal is a hexagonal prism and tapers inwards to the core. The angle from prism axis to prism axis is always ∼24°, and this angle is consistent even though individual prisms have not maintained contact during growth. The space between prisms is filled by smaller crystals of lizardite in more random orientations, forming a solid sphere. Collectively, the tapering prisms form a growth array that produces a surface tessellation consisting of mainly 6-fold neighbours, but with some 5-fold arrangements to accommodate a closed spherical structure. A ‘buckybalF, modified by adding face-centring points to each hexagon and pentagon, provides a useful model to describe the space filling adopted by the polyhedral lizardite spheres. Cross sections (close to an equatorial plane) through these polyhedral spheres resemble cross sections of polygonal serpentine, with 15 sectors at 24° to each other, though very much larger in diameter.
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Johnson, Ember. "Serpentine." Missouri Review 42, no. 2 (2019): 164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mis.2019.0025.
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Toghraie, Davood, Maboud Hekmatifar, and Niyusha Adavoodi Jolfaei. "Investigation of heat transfer and fluid flow behaviors of CuO/(60:40)% ethylene glycol and water nanofluid through a serpentine milichannel heat exchanger." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 30, no. 4 (June 19, 2019): 1603–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-10-2018-0560.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations, based on the Navier–Stokes equations and the energy equation. Forced convection of a mixture of (60:40) percent ethylene glycol and water, was used as the base fluid and CuO nanoparticles, through a serpentine minichannel. Design/methodology/approach In this simulation, a serpentine mini-channel heat exchanger was simulated. The fluid studied in this simulation was composed of a mixture of (60:40) per cent ethylene glycol and water, was used as the base fluid and CuO nanoparticles. Four slabs and three serpentines were used in this study. The serpentine section is connected to the slab. Three equidistant circular channels (1 mm in diameter) were implemented inside the slab. Findings Results show that nanoparticles increase the fluid pressure drop and by changing volume fraction of nanoparticles from 0 to 1 per cent, the pressure drop of nanofluids increases between 42and 47 per cent, for Reynolds numbers from 100 to 500. The existence of serpentine bend in the minichannel heat exchanger causes the heat transfer rate to increase. Increase the volume fraction of nanoparticles reduces the fluid temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger. The numerical results show that in Re = 500, at the beginning of the last slab in middle channel by changing volume fraction of nanoparticles from 0 to 2 per cent, local Nusselt number 57.40 per cent increase. The existence of the serpentine bend causes the heat transfer rate to increase. Originality/value Forced convection of a mixture of (60:40) per cent ethylene glycol and water by using of 3D numerical simulations, based on the Navier–Stokes equations.
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Елена Львовна, Березович,, and Сурикова, Олеся Дмитриевна. "The Serpent Stone Zmeevik: An Ethnolinguistic Commentary." ТРАДИЦИОННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА, no. 4 (January 2, 2023): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26158/tk.2022.23.4.005.
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В статье дается этнолингвистический комментарий к cлову змеевик, под которым в минералогии понимается серпентинит - порода, состоящая преимущественно из минерала серпентина. Этимологи считают, что змеевик - калька лат. serpentinus, в котором отражено визуальное сходство камня со змеиной шкурой. Авторы показывают, что змеевик органично «встроен» в среду русской лингвокультуры, и называют факторы адаптации: 1) собственно лингвистический - продуктивная и исконная словообразовательная модель; 2) фактор культурного контекста - существование в русской мифопоэтической традиции связки «змея - камень», которая фигурирует в ряде мотивов и сюжетов. Так, выявляются три устойчивые номинативные модели, апеллирующие к мифологии змей: «змеиный камень = камень, находящийся в теле змеи или происходящий из телесных жидкостей змеи»; «змеиный камень = камень или органическое ископаемое, излечивающие от змеиного яда»; «змеиный камень = драгоценный камень, охраняемый змеей, принадлежащий змее». Для Урала особо актуальна близкая мифологема «змея охраняет золото, залегающее в змеином камне». Если в момент появления слова могла быть реализована отобъектная мотивация, то в процессе его функционирования подключались и другие мотивационные возможности. Предполагаем, что самого факта калькирования могло и не быть: в русском языке есть заимствования серпентин и офит, а название породы серпентинит, видимой глазу, располагающейся поясами и служащей «постелью» для золота, претендует на самостоятельное возникновение. This article provides ethnolinguistic commentary on the word zmeevik. Mineralogy regards zmeevik as serpentinite - a rock formation that consists of various components, but mainly of the mineral serpentine. Etymologists claim that zmeevik is a loan translation from Lat. serpentinus; this source word reflects the stone’s visual likeness to snakeskin. The authors demonstrate that zmeevik has integrated well into Russian linguistic culture. The authors describe the following factors in its adaptation: 1) the linguistic factor proper: it follows a productive and native derivational pattern; 2) the cultural context: in the Russian mythopoetic tradition, there exists a connection between “snake” and “stone.” This connection functions in a number of motifs and plots, and as a result mythological narratives “layer” onto the translated loan term. One can identify three stable nominative models that apply to the mythology of snakes: “serpent stone = a stone which is in a snake’s body or originates from a snake’s bodily fluids;” “serpent stone = a stone or organic fossil that heals snake poison”; “serpent stone = a precious stone guarded by a snake or belonging to a snake.” For the Urals, most relevant is a similar mythopoetic model: “a snake guards gold in a serpent stone.” If when the word was forming it was motivated by the object’s properties, then during the word’s functioning other motivations could link to it. The authors suggest that this was not necessarily a loan translation. In Russian, there are the borrowings serpentin and ofit that name minerals, but the term serpentinite - for rock that is seen with the naked eye, that has veins and serves as the “bed” for gold - is considered an independent formation. Also significant is the fact that the word chosen for naming the rock is used specifically to describe its “serpentine,” curved appearance.
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Chathuranga, P. K. D., S. K. A. T. Dharmasena, N. Rajakaruna, and M. C. M. Iqbal. "Growth and nickel uptake by serpentine and non-serpentine populations of Fimbristylis ovata (Cyperaceae) from Sri Lanka." Australian Journal of Botany 63, no. 2 (2015): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt14232.
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Compared with serpentine floras of Southeast Asia, the serpentine vegetation of Sri Lanka is impoverished in regard to serpentine endemics and nickel hyperaccumulators. All species so far documented from the serpentine outcrops of Sri Lanka also have non-serpentine populations; it is unclear whether the serpentine populations are physiologically distinct and deserve ecotypic recognition. We conducted a preliminary study to examine whether serpentine and non-serpentine populations of Fimbristylis ovata represent locally adapted ecotypes by investigating their growth and potential for nickel uptake and tolerance under greenhouse conditions. Although both populations of F. ovata showed a similar growth pattern in serpentine soil during short-term exposure (21 days), the non-serpentine population was unable to survive in serpentine soil under long-term exposure (4 months). Both populations were able to uptake nickel from serpentine soil during short-term exposure (21 days). The serpentine population, however, translocated significantly more nickel from its roots to shoots (translocation factor 0.43) than the non-serpentine population (translocation factor 0.29). Our preliminary investigations suggest that the serpentine and non-serpentine populations of F. ovata may be locally adapted to their respective soils. However, additional studies are required to determine whether the populations deserve ecotypic recognition.
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Khalid, Muhammad Reyza, Fadhli Syamsudin, Nasrullah Zaini, and Didik Sugiyanto. "Application of 2D resistivity method to determine serpentinite rocks in Kuta Cot Glie, Aceh Besar." Journal of Aceh Physics Society 10, no. 1 (December 20, 2020): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jacps.v10i1.17904.
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Abstrak. Kuta Cot Glie di Aceh Besar, merupakan salah satu daerah yang memiliki potensi batuan metamorf serpentinit. Batuan ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk pembuatan pupuk, batu hias, dan beberapa manfaat lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginterpretasi model bawah permukaan dan memperkirakan ketebalan lapisan batuan serpentinit. Metode geofisika yang digunakan adalah metode geolistrik resistivitas dengan konfigurasi Wenner-Schlumberger. Pengukuran dilakukan pada dua lintasan sepanjang 275 m untuk masing-masing lintasan dengan 56 buah elektroda dan jarak spasi setiap elektroda adalah 5 m. Prinsip metode geolistrik tersebut memanfaatkan sifat kelistrikan suatu material untuk mengetahui karakteristik material. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai resistivitas adalah 50 - 150 Ωm yang diperkirakan lapisan batuan serpentinit dengan ketebalan 10 - 35 m.Abstract. Kuta Cot Glie located in Aceh Besar, Aceh Province, has a natural potential of serpentine. The metamorphic rocks used as a raw material for making fertilizer, ornamental stones, and other benefits. This research aims to interpret sub-surface models and estimate the thickness of the rock layers. The geophysical method used in this study was the resistivity geoelectric method with a Wenner-Schlumberger configuration. Measurements were carried out on two lines with 275 m for each line and the spacing of the electrode was 5m using 56 electrodes. The physical approach utilizes the electrical properties of a material to determine the characteristics of its material. The result show that the resistivity of 50 to 150 Ωm can be interpreted as serpentinite rock layers with the thickness of 10 m to 35 m.Keywords: Serpentinite, resistivity, geoelectric method, Wenner-Schlumberger configuration.
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Jakovljević, Ksenija, Dmitar Lakušić, Snežana Vukojičić, Gordana Tomović, Jasmina Šinžar-Sekulić, and Vladimir Stevanović. "Richness and diversity of Pontic flora on serpentine of Serbia." Open Life Sciences 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 260–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-010-0110-5.
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AbstractSerpentine substrate in Serbia covers wide areas mainly in Kosovo and in central, western and south-western part of the country. On the serpentines of Serbia, particularly on the skeleton soils of hills and on lower elevation mountain slopes, there are some xerophilous and steppe-like vegetations. These xerophilous grasslands include mostly Pontic, Pontic-Submediterranean and/or Mediterranean-Submediterranean-Pontic plants. The distribution of 161 taxa of Pontic, Pontic-Submediterranean and Mediterranean-Submediterranean-Pontic areal — types on serpentinites of Serbia was analyzed in order to distinguish centers of richness and diversity. The distribution of taxa was analyzed with respect to geographic, ecological and climatic factors. The qualitative composition of Pontic flora on the serpentine areas was also compared. The greatest floristic richness and the center of diversity of Pontic flora on serpentine of Serbia was recorded in central part of the area investigated.
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Hasanah, M., F. Syamsuddin, R. Safitri, Z. Fadhli, M. E. R. Karmel, and M. Syukri. "Analysis of gravity anomaly data for identification of mineral distribution prospects in the Kuta Cot Glie area, Aceh Besar." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1356, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 012118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1356/1/012118.
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Abstract Gravity anomaly data was analyzed using the gravity method to obtain variations in gravity values and to identify mineral distribution prospects in the Kuta Cot Glie area, Aceh Besar. The Scintrex CG-5 gravimeter instrument was used to measure gravity data. After being corrected and receiving complete Bouguer anomaly values, the variation in gravity values from the research location was shown to be in the range 75-126 mGal. There are two anomalies within gravity values that are higher and lower than the surroundings. The first one is the distribution of serpentine minerals (2.4 – 3.10 g/cm 3) with variations of 108-126 mGal. This serpentine mineral is located at the center of the research location with a total area of ± 67,500 m 2. The second anomaly is limonite mineral deposits (1.55-1.7 g/cm3) with variations in gravity values of 75-87 mGal. The limonite were found on the East and West sides of the location, with a distribution area of ±71,250 m 2. The mineral deposit of limonite is a result of weathering from serpentinite rocks, therefore, the location of limonite mineral deposits is lower than the location of serpentinite. These results are aligned with the geological conditions which is dominated by serpentinite ultramafic metamorphic rocks.
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Lyons, Kelly G., A. M. Shapiro, and Mark W. Schwartz. "Distribution and Ecotypic Variation of the Invasive Annual Barb Goatgrass (Aegilops triuncialis) on Serpentine Soil." Invasive Plant Science and Management 3, no. 4 (December 2010): 376–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-09-036.1.
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AbstractSuccessful colonization of newly introduced species is driven by a multitude of factors and is highly dependent on the species. It has long been hypothesized that preadaptation and postestablishment natural selection of introduced species can facilitate their invasion; however, to date, limited research has been dedicated to these theories. In addition, although the correlation between establishment of invasive species and disturbance has been noted and widely studied, the susceptibility of undisturbed habitats to invasion remains unclear. In California, serpentine habitats are severe edaphic environments that have been relatively free of anthropogenic disturbance and nonindigenous species invasions. In this study, we documented the occurrence of the nonindigenous barb goatgrass on serpentine and nonserpentine grasslands in the California Northern Interior Coast Range and the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains and conducted greenhouse and field experiments to assess the species' degree of adaptation to serpentine soils. Reconnaissance of serpentine intrusions and yearly monitoring suggest that barb goatgrass may grow preferentially on serpentine soil, particularly disturbed serpentine sites. In the greenhouse, for most measures of performance, serpentine populations performed better than nonserpentine populations when grown on serpentine soil. Particularly noteworthy was that serpentine populations had higher root-mass ratios than nonserpentine populations when grown on serpentine soil. In contrast to the greenhouse study, field-grown populations from serpentine and nonserpentine sources performed equally well on nonserpentine; alluvial, disturbed serpentine; and shallow, undisturbed serpentine, although the overall species' performance was diminished on severe serpentine soils. Alarmingly, even in the absence of previous exposure to serpentine, barb goatgrass was capable of establishing and spreading into minimally disturbed sites with strong serpentinitic characteristics.
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Fang, Shuo, Yu Feng Zhang, Wen Ting Fu, and Xiao Wei Liu. "Effects of Anode Serpentine Flow Fields on the Performance of μ-DMFC." Key Engineering Materials 562-565 (July 2013): 608–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.562-565.608.
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This paper dedicated to the investigations of anode mass transfer characteristics of single serpentine, double serpentine, triple serpentine and quadruple serpentine flow fields to choose the best flow field structure. In this paper, the structure sizes of anode different serpentine flow fields have been designed to make the same duty cycle based on the theory analysis. Then a multi-physics 3D model has been established and simulated to analyze and compare mass transfer characteristics of every serpentine flow fields including pressure distributions, velocity distributions and concentration distributions. The current collector plates containing different serpentine flow fields have been made by micromachining. To verify the simulation analysis, the μ-DMFCs with different serpentine flow fields have been packaged and tested. Compared with the simulations, the experiment results come up with the conclusion that the performance of μ-DMFC with double serpentine flow field is a bit higher than those with others. In conclusion, though the cell performance with double serpentine flow field is a bit higher than that with others, its fabrication process is so complicated and the improvement of the performance is not obvious. It is concluded that increasing the serpentine channels of anode flow field doesn’t have many benefits on the cell performance.
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Mart, Yossi. "Serpentinite Diapirs and the Evolution of Oceanic Core Complexes." Environmental Sciences and Ecology: Current Research (ESECR 3, no. 3 (April 11, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54026/esecr/1054.
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Serpentinites and peridotites are the predominant lithological components of Oceanic Core Complexes (OCCs), located commonly at triple junctions of slow-spreading oceanic accreting ridges, fracture zones and transform faults. These lithologies differ from the surrounding oceanic brittle lithosphere, built of basalt and gabbro, and the structural evolution of these OCCs is enigmatic. The present investigation suggests that the tectonics of OCCs is derived from the ascent of serpentinic diapirs generated by the unique proximity of shallow asthenosphere, faulted lithosphere and the juxtaposition of oceanic crusts of contrasting densities. Such setting initiated two structural stages in the evolution of the OCC, the first is spontaneous subduction of old and dense oceanic crust under the fresh and lighter basalt at the edge of the MOR across its intersection with transform fault - fracture zone. The sub ducted slab would be affected by the combined effect of the steep thermal gradient and the availability of volatiles there to enhance the alteration of pyroxene into serpentine. Analog and numeric experiments show that spontaneous subduction can initiate spontaneously if the density contrast between the juxtaposed slabs is significant, as is the case between fresh basalt (ρ~2.7 g/cm3 ) and older basalt (ρ~2.9 g/cm3 ). Since the average thermal gradient under the MOR is ca. 130o /km, then at depth of 4-5 km the pyroxene and plagioclase would start their alteration, mostly to serpentine. The abundant faults of MOR normal rifting and strike-slip transform faulting could enable the light and malleable serpentinite to form diapirs, which would ascent to the seafloor at the rift-fracture zone intersections. The friction at the top of the diapirs during their ascent would probably generate breccia at their tops. Highlights a) OCCs are built mostly of serpentinite diapirs that carry peridotite inclusions. b) Serpentinization occurs under low pressure-high temperature conditions. c) OCC source rock is slab of cold oceanic crust sub ducted under fresh crust. d) Such subduction occurs mostly where large density contrast between slabs exists. e) The link between OCCs and detachment normal faults requires support.
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Furley, Peter, B. A. Roberts, and J. Proctor. "Serpentine Botany." Journal of Biogeography 20, no. 4 (July 1993): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2845595.
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Clark, Andrew J., and Adam P. Summers. "Serpentine steps." Nature 459, no. 7249 (June 2009): 919–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/459919a.
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Iyengar, Hal, Christopher Rockey, Robert Sinn, and John Zils. "Serpentine Span." Civil Engineering Magazine Archive 76, no. 2 (February 2006): 48–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/ciegag.0000056.
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Ridley, Lloyd J., Jason Han, William E. Ridley, and Hao Xiang. "Serpentine varices." Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology 62 (October 2018): 154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1754-9485.28_12786.
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Isla, Alberto, Fernando Alvarez, Jose Maria Roda, Jesus Muñoz, Carmen Morales, and Martin Garcia Blazquez. "Serpentine Aneurysm." Neurosurgery 34, no. 6 (June 1994): 1072–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199406000-00019.
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Bishop, J., E. Murad, and M. D. Dyar. "The influence of octahedral and tetrahedral cation substitution on the structure of smectites and serpentines as observed through infrared spectroscopy." Clay Minerals 37, no. 4 (December 2002): 617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0009855023740064.
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AbstractAnalysis of the near-infrared (NIR) spectral bands of phyllosilicates, together with the mid-infrared bands, enables testing and confirmation of band assignments for the structural OH vibrations. Spectral analyses of selected smectites and serpentine-kaolin minerals are presented here. The results of this study indicate that dioctahedral smectites may contain both in-plane and out-of-plane OH-bending vibrations, as suggested by Farmer (1974). In-plane bands occur near 800 915 cm–1, while the weaker out-of-plane vibrations occur near 600 700 cm–1 and are enhanced in dioctahedral smectites when the structure is disrupted by substitutions. Analysis of the OH-stretching vibrations and their NIR overtone bands is also presented for both smectites and serpentine-kaolin minerals. These overtones are more straightforward for serpentines than for kaolinite, and a strong overtone associated with the kaolinite OH-stretching band at 3620 cm–1 is found that supports its assignment as an OH-stretching band.
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Dong, Fa Qin, Qing Zhou, and Tong Jiang Peng. "Utilization of Serpentine Resources in China." Materials Science Forum 814 (March 2015): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.814.583.
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As a new type of non-metallic mineral resource, serpentine has attracted more and more attentions. Serpentine mineral resources are abundant in China, with more than 5 billion tons reserves proved. However, most of them have not been used adequately except for some special serpentine, such as serpentine jade and chrysotile. The overview for status quo of serpentine utilization consists of the distribution, chemical compositions, crystal structure of serpentine, mature but not economic applications and some development of high-value utilization research. It is expected to provide some references for deeper research and promoting its applications.
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Hasria, Febiyanti, Masri, Ali Okto, Erzam S. Hasan, La Hamimu, Sawaludin, La Ode Muhammad Iradat Salihin, and Wahab. "Serpentinization Study On Ultramafic Rock at Morombo Area, Lasolo Islands District, North Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 7, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jgeet.2022.7.1.6643.
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The research is in Morombo area, North Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of serpentinized ultramafic rock and serpentine paragenesis. Research was conducted using field observations and laboratory analysis consisting of petrographic and geochemical analysis in the form of X-Ray Fluorosence (XRF). Petrographic analysis was carried out to identify the mineral content and textures in the rock and to determine the percentage of serpentine mineral presence. Both of these rocks are petrographically dominated by primary minerals olivine and clinopyroxine and secondary minerals namely lizardite, chrysotile, antiorite and opaque minerals. The XRF analysis was to determine the elements of Ni, Fe, Co, MgO, SiO2, CaO, Al2O3 and P in ultramafic rocks. The results of petrographic analysis show that serpentinized ultramafic rocks in the study area consist of serpentinized dunite and serpentinized peridotite. The formation of clay minerals in rocks does not occur because of the low serpentinization process in the rock. The results of XRF analysis showed that all samples in the bedrock showed Ni content above 0.2%. This is caused by the enrichment of Ni which is interpreted as a result of the serpentinization process along with the formation of lizardite in the rock. The serpentinization sub-processes in the study area comprised by hydration, serpentine recrystallization, and deserpentinization. Serpentine paragenesis is formed from the mid-oceanic ridge ocean floor, the orogenic phase to weathering. Substitution of Mg by Ni in ultramafic rocks will produce Ni-Serpentin. It is estimated that in the research area lizardite and chrysotile lizardite and chrysotile are the causes of Ni enrichment in bedrocks. The serpentinization characteristics of ultramafic rocks in the study area show a low to moderate level of serpentinization.
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Li, Nai Yong, Wei Min Mao, Xiao Xin Geng, and Peng Yu Yan. "Effect of Serpentine Channel Pouring Process on the Microstructure of Semi-Solid 6061 Aluminum Alloy Slurry." Solid State Phenomena 327 (January 10, 2022): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.327.255.
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The semi-solid slurry of 6061 aluminum alloy was prepared by the serpentine channel pouring process. The influence of graphite serpentine channel and copper serpentine channel on the slurry was comparative analyzed. The effect of pouring temperature on the slurry microstructure was also investigated. The results indicate that both copper and graphite serpentine channel can be used to prepare semi-solid slurry with spherical primary grains. Compared with a permanent casting, the microstructure of the semi-solid slurry was significantly improved and refined. With the increase of pouring temperature, the average equivalent grain diameter of the primary phase grains in the semi-solid slurry increases gradually, but the shape factor decreases gradually. When the pouring temperature increased from 675 °C to 690 °C, a high quality semi-solid slurry can be obtained. Comparing the two kinds of serpentine channel, it is found that the copper serpentine channel can make the primary grains finer, and the average equivalent grain size was 63 μm. However, the solidified shell near the inner graphite serpentine channel surface was thinner than that of the copper serpentine channel. In conclusion, the graphite serpentine channel is more suitable for preparing semi-solid 6061 aluminum alloy slurry.
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Yi, Xiaohong, Jingshu Huang, Yizhang Tong, Hui Zhao, Xianwu Cao, and Wei Wu. "Self-Assembled Serpentine Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 Hybrid Sheets with Ammonium Polyphosphate for Fire Safety Enhancement of Polylactide Composites." Polymers 14, no. 23 (December 1, 2022): 5255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14235255.
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Biodegradable polylactide (PLA) has been widely utilized in people’s daily lives. In order to improve the fire safety of PLA, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was self-assembled onto the surface of serpentine Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 through the electrostatic method, followed by mixing with PLA by melt compounding. The APP-modified serpentine (serpentine@APP) dispersed uniformly in the PLA matrix. Compared with pure PLA, the PLA composite with 2 wt% serpentine@APP reduced the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) by 43.9% and 16.3%, respectively. The combination of APP and serpentine exhibited suitable synergistic flame-retardant effects on the fire safety enhancement of PLA. In addition, the dynamical rheological tests revealed that the presence of APP and serpentine could reduce the viscosity of PLA composites. The plasticizing effects of APP and serpentine benefited the processing of PLA. The mechanical properties of PLA/serpentine@APP maintained suitable performance as pure PLA. This study provided a feasible way to enhance the fire safety of PLA without sacrificing its mechanical properties.
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Xuan, Shengxiexian, Zupeng Teng, Ying Jiang, Junlin Xiong, Xuchu Ma, Qi Wu, and Xikui Ma. "Analysis of the optimal parameters for serpentine laying of high-voltage cables considering the influence of various factors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2290, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2290/1/012037.
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Abstract High-voltage power cables can be subjected to thermomechanical forces during operation due to the rising cable temperature or drastic ambient temperature changes, which threaten the operational safety of the cables. In this paper, first of all, the thermal expansion, serpentine arc displacement and serpentine arc axial force of the cable in the limit operation state are analyzed theoretically. The serpentine arc displacement and serpentine arc axial force under different serpentine laying parameters are compared and the optimal laying method is derived. Then the theoretical optimal solution is simulated using finite element analysis method to prove the correctness of the theoretical results. Finally, the recommended laying parameters of the serpentine laying method are given.
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Wang, Yinghao, Guanfu Liu, Xutao Liu, Minhua Chen, Yuping Zeng, Yuyan Li, Xiaoyun Wu, Xuanjun Wang, and Jun Sheng. "Serpentine Enhances Insulin Regulation of Blood Glucose through Insulin Receptor Signaling Pathway." Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16010016.
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Insulin sensitizers targeting insulin receptors (IR) are a potential drug for the treatment of diabetes. Serpentine is an alkaloid component in the root of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Serpentine screened by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology has the ability to target IR. The objective of this study was to investigate whether serpentine could modulate the role of insulin in regulating blood glucose through insulin receptors in cells and in animal models of diabetes. SPR technology was used to detect the affinity of different concentrations of serpentine with insulin receptors. The Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of key proteins of the insulin signaling pathway in C2C12 cells and 3T3-L1 cells as well as in muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue of diabetic mice after serpentine and insulin treatment. Diabetic mice were divided into four groups and simultaneously injected with insulin or serpentine, and the blood glucose concentration and serum levels of insulin, glucagon, and C-peptide were measured 150 min later. mRNA levels of genes related to lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism in liver, muscle, and subcutaneous adipose tissue were detected by RT-PCR. Serpentine was able to bind to the extracellular domain of IR with an affinity of 2.883 × 10−6 M. Serpentine combined with insulin significantly enhanced the ability of insulin to activate the insulin signaling pathway and significantly enhanced the glucose uptake capacity of C2C12 cells. Serpentine enhanced the ability of low-dose insulin (1 nM) and normal-dose insulin (100 nM) to activate the insulin signaling pathway. Serpentine also independently activated AMPK phosphorylation, thus stimulating glucose uptake by C2C12 cells. In high-fat-diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced diabetic mice, serpentine significantly prolonged the hypoglycemic time of insulin, significantly reduced the use of exogenous insulin, and inhibited endogenous insulin secretion. In addition, serpentine alone significantly increased the expression of GSK-3β mRNA in muscle tissue, thus enhancing glucose uptake, and at the same time, serpentine significantly increased glucagon secretion and liver gluconeogenesis. Serpentine enhances the ability of insulin to regulate blood glucose through the insulin receptor, and can also regulate blood glucose alone, but it has a negative regulation mechanism and cannot produce a hypoglycemic effect. Therefore, serpentine may be useful as an insulin sensitizer to assist insulin to lower blood glucose.
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Błońska, Ewa, Kazimierz Januszek, Tomasz Wanic, and Stanisław Małek. "Phosphatase activities of spruce stand soils after serpentinite fertilisation in combination with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilisers." Folia Forestalia Polonica 57, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ffp-2015-0008.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the condition of soil after serpentine fertilisation by determining the activity of phosphatase and some physicochemical properties of soil. The study was conducted in southern Poland in the Wisła Forest District (49°8’12.92N 18°58’56.36E). The following variants: C - control - no fertiliser; S - ground serpentinite; SN - serpentinite + nitrogen; SP - ground serpentinite + P; SNP - ground serpentinite + NP; SNPK - ground serpentinite + NP (as above) + K. Fertilisation of serpentinite stimulates the activity of phosphatase in soil under spruce stands. The positive impact is reflected in the organic horizon. Less activity was noted in the humus-mineral horizon (AE) in all the fertiliser combinations three years after the fertilisation. Fertilisation of serpentinite improves the chemical properties - pH was increased, reduction of molar ratio of exchangeable calcium to magnesium form was noted.
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Long, Huang, and Xiao. "The Effect of Surface Charge on the Separation of Pyrite from Serpentine by Flotation." Minerals 9, no. 10 (October 14, 2019): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9100629.
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Serpentine, a magnesium silicate mineral with positive surface charge in many sulfide ores around the world, usually deteriorates the flotation behavior by covering the target mineral surface. In this paper, the effect of surface potential regulation on serpentine flotation was revealed by flocculation experiments, zeta potential measurements, infrared spectrum analysis, and DLVO theoretical calculations. The experimental results of flocculation and sedimentation show that heterogeneous coagulation easily occurs between serpentine and pyrite particles, which reduces the floatability of pyrite. Reducing the surface potential of serpentine is an effective way to eliminate heterogeneous coagulation between minerals. The key to regulating the surface potential of serpentine is Mg2+ ion dissolution from the serpentine surface to the liquid phase. Phosphates, especially sodium hexametaphosphate, can enhance Mg2+ ion dissolution from the serpentine surface to the liquid phase and react with Mg2+ ions in the liquid phase to form stable soluble complexes.
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Pavlova, Dolja. "Morphological Variation inTeucrium chamaedrysin Serpentine and Non-Serpentine Populations." Northeastern Naturalist 16, sp5 (June 2009): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1656/045.016.0504.
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Gladish, Sandra, Jonathan Frank, and Darlene Southworth. "The serpentine syndrome below ground: ectomycorrhizas and hypogeous fungi associated with conifers." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, no. 8 (August 2010): 1671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x10-092.
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Serpentine soils select for unique plant communities, often with sparse vegetation. Mycorrhizal fungi mediate the interaction between plants and soils, yet little is known about the mycorrhizal fungi of serpentine-tolerant plants. Ectomycorrhizas and hypogeous fungal sporocarps were sampled on paired serpentine and nonserpentine soils in southwestern Oregon. We hypothesized that conifers on serpentine soils would have fewer species of mycorrhizal fungi, a distinct assemblage of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and fewer hypogeous sporocarps with less species richness. Sporocarps were sampled and soil cores collected around pines on serpentine and nonserpentine soils. Conifers on serpentine and nonserpentine soils hosted overlapping communities of ectomycorrhizal fungi, as characterized by nonmetric multidimensional scaling. From soil cores, we categorized 27 species by morphotype, of which 18 were identified by DNA. Fewer hypogeous sporocarps with less taxonomic richness were collected on serpentine soils. The lack of indicator species of mycorrhizal fungi and the greater variability among samples on serpentine soils suggest that soil composition does not determine the mycorrhizal community. The sparseness of host vegetation may limit the ability of fungi to grow from tree to tree and may increase the reliance on spore dispersal, thus creating a more varied pattern of mycorrhizal communities.
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Baugé, S. M. Y., L. M. Lavkulich, and H. E. Schreier. "Serpentine affected soils and the formation of magnesium phosphates (struvite)." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 93, no. 2 (May 2013): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2012-117.
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Baugé, S. M. Y., Lavkulich, L. M. and Schreier, H. E. 2013. Serpentine affected soils and the formation of magnesium phosphates (struvite). Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 161–172. The Sumas River watershed, located in the intensive agricultural region of the Lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia (Canada), contains serpentine asbestos from a natural landslide. Serpentinic soils have a high Mg to Ca ratio that can affect soil fertility, including soil-solution P relations. The objectives of the study were: (i) to evaluate some common methods of estimating plant available phosphorus in the surface horizons of the serpentine-affected soils and those receiving large quantities of livestock manure, and (ii) to determine if there is evidence for the formation of soluble Mg phosphates, e.g., struvite, a meta-stable P phase in these soils. Seven soil nutrient extractants were used to determine major and minor elemental concentrations. Acid ammonium oxalate, 1 M HCl and Bray P1 extractions were most effective for measuring available phosphorus in these soils. Manure and fertilizer applications appear to favor the formation of Mg-phosphates, and are considered to be more soluble in terms of phosphorus than either calcium-phosphates or aluminum/iron-phosphates. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance examinations gave positive evidence for the presence of struvite in the soils.
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Sayyadi, Allahyar, Yaghoub Mohammadi, and Mohammad Reza Adlparvar. "Mechanical, Durability, and Gamma Ray Shielding Characteristics of Heavyweight Concrete Containing Serpentine Aggregates and Lead Waste Slag." Advances in Civil Engineering 2023 (January 11, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7873637.
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Heavyweight concrete is used to prevent harmful radiation for the construction of hospital, military, and nuclear power plants and also to increase the durability for the construction of marine concrete structures. In this research, using a combination of serpentine aggregates and lead slag, the mechanical, durability, impact resistance, and shielding properties of heavyweight concrete were examined. The variables included fine and coarse serpentine aggregates, which were replaced with normal fine and coarse aggregates in amounts of 0, 25, 50, and 100 percent, respectively. The lead slag in all samples was considered constant. Slump, compressive strength, flexural strength, water penetration depth, impact resistance (drop hammer), and gamma ray attenuation coefficient tests were conducted. The chemical composition of serpentine aggregates and lead slag were evaluated by X-ray powder diffraction. The results showed that the density and linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) increased with the increase of fine and coarse serpentine aggregates in heavyweight concrete containing lead slag. The highest density and LAC were obtained in a sample in which 100% fine serpentine aggregates and 100% coarse serpentine aggregates were used. Using 25% of serpentine fine aggregates and 25% of serpentine coarse aggregates in heavyweight concrete samples containing lead slag has achieved the highest compressive strength and flexural strength. But with the increase of fine and coarse serpentine aggregates to more than 25%, the upward trend of increasing compressive strength decreased. Silica constitutes a large part of the chemical structure of serpentine aggregates (about 42%). Increasing the amount of serpentine aggregates in concrete mixes leads to excessive release of calcium hydroxide in concrete. This issue can lead to the formation of a weak zone in concrete and decrease the compressive and impact resistance.
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Punturo, Rosalda, Claudia Ricchiuti, and Andrea Bloise. "Assessment of Serpentine Group Minerals in Soils: A Case Study from the Village of San Severino Lucano (Basilicata, Southern Italy)." Fibers 7, no. 2 (February 25, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7020018.
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Naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) is a generic term used to refer to both regulated and un-regulated fibrous minerals when encountered in natural geological deposits. These minerals represent a cause of health hazard, since they have been assessed as potential environmental pollutants that may occur both in rocks and derived soils. In the present work, we focused on the village of San Severino Lucano, located in the Basilicata region (southern Apennines); due to its geographic isolation from other main sources of asbestos, it represents an excellent example of hazardous and not occupational exposure of population. From the village and its surroundings, we collected eight serpentinite-derived soil samples and carried out Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Derivative Thermogravimetric (DTG) and Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (TEM-EDS), in order to perform a detailed characterization of serpentine varieties and other fibrous minerals. Investigation pointed out that chrysotile and asbestos tremolite occur in all of the samples. As for the fibrous but non-asbestos classified minerals, polygonal serpentine and fibrous antigorite were detected in a few samples. Results showed that the cultivation of soils developed upon serpentinite bedrocks were rich in harmful minerals, which if dispersed in the air can be a source of environmental pollution.
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Srivastava, Mukul, Shikha Kesharwani, Roohi Kesharwani, Dilip K. Patel, and S. N. Singh. "A REVIEW ON POTENTIAL BIOACTIVE CHEMICAL FROM RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA: RESERPINE." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 12, no. 1 (March 2, 2021): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.120123.
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The drug Rauwolfia serpentina is known to Indian system of medicine since last many centuries. Because of snake like shape of drug, it has been known as sarpgandha. Although Rauwolfia serpentina contain more than 50 alkaloids but Reserpine is the principal alkaloid of Rauwolfia serpentina. Reserpine has a success application in antihypertensive even at a smaller dose. Rhizomes of Rauwolfia serpentine also have hepatoprotective activity including antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, Rauwolfia serpentina have many other medicinal uses like: Antidiahoerreal, antipsychotic, sedative, anticancer (in breast) etc. Although Rauwolfia serpentina contains major four Indole alkaloids but main object of this context is to provide knowledge about the main active alkaloid Reserpine, having more concentration in the root of plant, play a major role in antihypertensive activity of Rauwolfia serpentina. A much lesser dose of Reserpine is required to provide an antihypertensive effect otherwise it can cause some serious adverse effect like- lethargy, sedation, psychiatric depression, hypotension, nausea, bradycardia, bronchospasm and withdrawal psychosis. Because of its potent activity Reserpine is still used as antihypertensive and sedative agent.
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Shiba, Masayuki, Tomoki Tate, and Tatsuya Fukuda. "Serpentine Adaptation of Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. (Oleaceae) Based on Morphological Anatomical Approaches." International Journal of Biology 14, no. 2 (September 28, 2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v14n2p10.
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Serpentine soils consist of broadly skewed elemental profiles, including abundant toxic metals and low nutrient content in drought-prone, patchily distributed substrates; therefore, they are one of the most challenging settings for plant life. In this study, a comparative study was conducted using serpentine and inland populations of Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. (Oleaceae) to determine morphological and anatomical differences between the same species growing in the serpentine and inland areas. Longitudinal leaf sections indicated that serpentine populations had slightly thicker leaves than inland populations, contributing to the increased heights of adaxial and abaxial epidermal cells and palisade and spongy tissues. Moreover, the serpentine population had smaller stomata than the inland populations. These results suggest that the strong selective pressure under serpentine soil conditions could force leaves to restore water and avoid excessive transpiration.
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Кozhoukharova, Evgenia. "Impact of the body waves on the serpentine structure." Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 81, no. 3 (December 2020): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2020.81.3.81.
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A rare case of rhythmic banded eclogitization on serpentinites in crustal condition (3 km south of Avren village, Krumovgrad district), is interpreted as an effect of seismic impact. Bands of garnet lherzolites (2–5 cm) alternate with strips of unchanged serpentinite. The bands consist of pyrope, diopside, enstatite, olivine, spinel, crystallized at Т 560–820 oC and P 8–15 kbar. The longitudinal P-waves create zones of dilatation in the serpentine structure where the bonds were broken. After crystallization of mobilized particles a stripped texture was formed.