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Journal articles on the topic 'Serpentine grassland'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Kabaš, Eva N., Antun A. Alegro, Nevena V. Kuzmanović, Ksenija M. Jakovljević, Snežana S. Vukojičić, and Dmitar V. Lakušić. "Stipetum novakii ass. nova – a new association of serpentine rocky grassland vegetation (Halacsyetalia sendtneri) in Serbia." Acta Botanica Croatica 72, no. 1 (April 1, 2013): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10184-012-0016-6.

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Abstract Phytosociological characteristics of grassland communities above serpentines (order Halacsyetalia sendtneri H. Ritter-Studnčka 1970) in Serbia, are analyzed according to Braun-Blanquet methodology. In order to detect the basic floristic differentiation of analyzed communities ordinary correspondence analysiswas applied. Cluster analysiswas also performed to see the structure and separation of the communities based on the floristic composition. In order to determine diagnostic species, fidelity indices with presence/ absence data and the size of all groups standardized to equal size were calculated. The new association Stipetum novakii is described in open rocky serpentine grasslands in Brdjani Gorge.

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2

Hopkins, Natalie A. "Mycorrhizae in a California serpentine grassland community." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): 484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-059.

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The grassland community on serpentine soil was found to have vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae. Twenty-seven species made up the herbaceous cover; 23 were annuals. Two annual species were from nonmycorrhizal families, but one had some colonization. Twenty-five species had colonization in over half the length of the roots. Annuals had especially heavy colonization, which frequently filled the cortex of the root. Of the herbaceous cover in the community 98% was mycorrhizal; 97% was colonized in over half the length of the roots; and 91% was colonized in over three-fourths the length of the roots. The common fungal symbionts were Glomus fasciculatum and Glomus tenue.

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3

Moloney, Kirk A., Simon A. Levin, Nona R. Chiariello, and Linda Buttel. "Pattern and scale in a serpentine grassland." Theoretical Population Biology 41, no. 3 (June 1992): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-5809(92)90029-s.

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4

OVERTON, JACOB McC, and SIMON A. LEVIN. "Components of spatial patterning in a serpentine grassland." Ecological Research 18, no. 4 (July 2003): 405–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1703.2003.00565.x.

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5

Dölarslan, Melda, Ebru Gül, and Sabit Erşahin. "Endemic Vascular Plants of Marble and Serpentine Parent Materials in Semiarid Grassland." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 6 (June 25, 2018): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i6.693-698.1703.

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Endemism is an important criterion for identification of floristic regions and determination of floristic properties of these regions. Turkey is one of the world’s major countries in terms of endemism over 3.000 endemic plant species. This study was carried out in order to determine the floristic composition and endemic plant species on the serpentine and marble (metamorphic rocks) parent material in semi-arid garssland in Çankırı-Eldivan. For this reason plant samples were collected in different growing season in 2014 (month of between April- September), approximately 4ha (Marble, 3.88 ha; Serpentine, 0.08 ha) area in Çankırı-Eldivan. Study area is located A4 square according to the grid system of P.H. Davis (1965-1988) and Irano-Turanian region in phytogeographic respect. As a result of the plant sampling carried out in the area; 16 families, 27 genera, 31 species determined in serpentine parent material. Among of these plants 9 of them are endemic plant. Endemism rate of the serpentine area is 29%. In addition, 20 families, 58 genera, 72 species of plants have been identified in marble parent material and 14 plant taxa of these species endemic. Endemism ratio is 19%. Results of this study showed that parent material effects of plant diversity and endemism ratio.

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6

Colozza, Francesca, Elisabetta Fenoglio, Davide Barberis, and Michele Lonati. "A new association with Patzkea paniculata on serpentine substrates at low elevations in the western Alps (Italy)." Plant Sociology 59, no. 2 (November 22, 2022): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pls2022592/02.

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Patzkea paniculata usually dominates grassland communities in the subalpine and alpine belts. The analysis of a unique vegetation community found at low altitudes growing on serpentinitic substrates in the North-Western Alps (Italy) dominated by P. paniculata, is hereby presented. These communities are substantially different from already described alpine communities, framed in the alliance Festucion variae (class Caricetea curvulae, order Festucetalia spadiceae) and typical of higher elevations. Syntaxonomic and ecological investigations were performed to provide a correct phytosociological framework for these grasslands. The new association Potentillo albae-Patzkeetum paniculatae ass. nova is here described, with two different variants, one co-dominated by Bromopsis erecta and the second with co-dominance of Molinia arundinacea. It is a secondary grassland of arid environments attributable to the alliance Bromion erecti (class Festuco valesiacae-Brometea erecti), and characterized by the presence of numerous species, both rare and typical of serpentinitic substrates.

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7

Gulmon, S. L. "Patterns of seed germination in Californian serpentine grassland species." Oecologia 89, no. 1 (January 1992): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00319011.

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8

Chiarucci, Alessandro, Michele Riccucci, Carlo Celesti, and Vincenzo De Dominicis. "VEGETATION-ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS IN THE ULTRAMAFIC AREA OF MONTE FERRATO, ITALY." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 46, no. 3 (May 13, 1998): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.1998.10676730.

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Relationships between some environmental features and species composition and abundance of grassland and dwarf shrub vegetation were investigated on Monte Ferrato, one of the best known ultramafic (serpentine) sites of Italy. The main aim was to test the importance of the available fraction of soil metals in causing the typical infertility of ultramafic soils. The physical and chemical features of soil were determined for each plot in which species composition and cover were recorded. The plots were classified by cluster analysis and ANOVA was applied to compare the environmental variables of groups of plots. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to detect the principle factors related to the gradient of species composition within the plant communities. It was found that the grassland and dwarf vegetation of Monte Ferrato is not negatively influenced by soil content of nickel and other metals. Pine canopy cover, which provides additional nutrient input and protects against erosion, was found to be important for evolution of the garigues into grasslands. The evolution of grassland turf induced the retention of higher levels of exchangeable cations, including potentially toxic metals, in the evolved soil.

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9

Hooper, David U., and Jeffrey S. Dukes. "Functional composition controls invasion success in a California serpentine grassland." Journal of Ecology 98, no. 4 (May 18, 2010): 764–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01673.x.

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10

Casper, Brenda B., and Jeffrey P. Castelli. "Evaluating plant?soil feedback together with competition in a serpentine grassland." Ecology Letters 10, no. 5 (May 2007): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01030.x.

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11

Aigner, Paul A., and Rhett J. Woerly. "Herbicides and Mowing to Control Barb Goatgrass (Aegilops triuncialis) and Restore Native Plants in Serpentine Grasslands." Invasive Plant Science and Management 4, no. 4 (December 2011): 448–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-11-00027.1.

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AbstractSerpentine grasslands are relatively free of the invasive species that typify other California grasslands, but recently are threatened by the spread of barb goatgrass, a Eurasian annual that is unique in its tolerance of serpentine soils. We evaluated two graminicides (clethodim and fluazifop), one broad-spectrum herbicide (glyphosate), mowing, and hand pulling for their effectiveness in controlling barb goatgrass and for restoring native species cover and diversity. We also evaluated application timing for the graminicides: before goatgrass flowering (early season), at flower initiation (midseason), and at early seed development (late season). Glyphosate was applied at early seed development. The 10 treatment combinations were applied to 10 blocks of 4-m2 (43-ft2) experimental plots in an inner Coast Range serpentine grassland with high cover of barb goatgrass but few other nonnative species. After 2 yr of treatment, all treatments except glyphosate reduced goatgrass frequency. Hand pulling, fluazifop, and mowing were most effective at controlling goatgrass, reducing frequency by 60, 51, and 48%, respectively (compared to a 30% increase on control plots). Midseason applications of clethodim and fluazifop were more effective than those applied early or late. Hand pulling, fluazifop, and clethodim increased native forb frequency by 31, 46, and 74%, respectively, with the benefit of the graminicides decreasing with later applications. Native grasses were at least partially resistant to the graminicides. Cover of one sided blue grass (Poa secunda), the most widespread native grass, might have been reduced slightly by early-season applications but was increased by late-season applications. Cover of soft brome (Bromus hordeaceus), the only other widespread nonnative species in the study, was reduced by early-season applications of the graminicides. Clethodim and fluazifop show great potential to selectively remove barb goatgrass and other nonnative annual grasses in grasslands that are otherwise dominated by native grasses and forbs. Mowing is a less selective, but viable alternative.

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12

Hobbs, Richard J., and Harold A. Mooney. "Effects of Rainfall Variability and Gopher Disturbance on Serpentine Annual Grassland Dynamics." Ecology 72, no. 1 (February 1991): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1938902.

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13

Selmants, Paul C., Erika S. Zavaleta, Jae R. Pasari, and Daniel L. Hernandez. "Realistic plant species losses reduce invasion resistance in a California serpentine grassland." Journal of Ecology 100, no. 3 (January 23, 2012): 723–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01949.x.

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14

Castelli, Jeffrey P., and Brenda B. Casper. "INTRASPECIFIC AM FUNGAL VARIATION CONTRIBUTES TO PLANT–FUNGAL FEEDBACK IN A SERPENTINE GRASSLAND." Ecology 84, no. 2 (February 2003): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0323:iafvct]2.0.co;2.

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15

Moloney, Kirk A., and Nona Chiariello. "Yield-density functions as predictors of community structure in a serpentine annual grassland." Journal of Ecology 86, no. 5 (October 1998): 749–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.8650749.x.

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16

Morgenthal, T., M. Maboeta, L. van Rensburg, and G. J. Bredenkamp. "Revegetation of heavy metal contaminated mine dumps using locally serpentine-adapted grassland species." South African Journal of Botany 70, no. 5 (December 2004): 784–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-6299(15)30180-0.

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17

Hobbs, R. J., and H. A. Mooney. "Community and population dynamics of serpentine grassland annuals in relation to gopher disturbance." Oecologia 67, no. 3 (October 1985): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00384939.

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18

Vicic, Drazen, Milovan Stoiljkovic, Jordana Ninkov, Nenad Bojat, Marko Sabovljevic, and Branka Stevanovic. "Dynamics of soil chemistry in different serpentine habitats from Serbia." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 79, no. 9 (2014): 1185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc130917028v.

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To enhance understanding of edaphic conditions in serpentine habitats, a thorough investigation of chemical and mechanical properties of three soils from disjunct ultramafic outcrops in the central Balkans was undertaken. Soil from a nearby chemically-contrasting limestone habitat was also analyzed. Three plant species differently associated with serpentine (Halacsya sendtneri, Cheilanthes marantae, and Seseli rigidum) were references for site and soil selection. Twenty elements were scanned for, and fourteen were measured in seven sequentially-extracted soil fractions. Quantified soil properties also included: pH, levels of free CaCO3, organic matter, P2O5, K2O, N, C, S, cation exchange capacity, total organic carbon, field capacity and soil mechanical composition. The usual harsh components for plant growth in serpentine soil such as elevated Mg:Ca ratio, high levels of Ni, Cr, or Co, were significantly lower in the available fractions. There was a significant positive correlation of organic matter and field capacity, with most available Ca (70-80%) found in the mobile, rather than the organically-bound fraction. This showed that a more favorable Mg:Ca ratio is highly dependent upon a higher field capacity, which is also in accordance with a more developed vegetation. Increasing the availability of metals (Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Mg, Ni, Zn) in a more developed serpentine grassland and forest vegetation, occurred only simultaneously with decrease of the Mg:Ca ratio and rise in other factors of fertility (N, P, K). Progressive development of ecosystem complexity therefore raised the availability of metals, but also reduced harsh Mg:Ca ratio disproportion, boosted levels of nutrients and raised soil field capacity. Principal components analysis confirmed that the main differences among serpentine habitats lay primarily in factors of fertility. The common habitat which hosts all three reference species offers intermediate conditions in a plant habitat selection gradient. Comparing serpentine with limestone showed ample difference in total content and availability of most of the surveyed elements, but very few differences in other chemical properties. The fragility of soil and ecosystem, and biological value of serpentine habitats demand intensive research and protection of these diversity and endemism hotspots of the Balkan Peninsula.

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19

Burgess, J., K. Szlavecz, N. Rajakaruna, S. Lev, and C. Swan. "Vegetation dynamics and mesophication in response to conifer encroachment within an ultramafic system." Australian Journal of Botany 63, no. 4 (2015): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt14241.

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The biological, ecological, and evolutionary significance of serpentine habitats has long been recognised. We used an integrated physiochemical dataset combining plot spatial data with temporal data from tree cores to evaluate changes in soils and vegetation. Data suggest that this unique habitat is undergoing a transition, endangering local biodiversity and endemic plant species. The objective of this work was to analyse the vegetation dynamics of a xeric serpentine savanna located in the Mid-Atlantic, USA. We employed vegetation surveys of 32 10 × 15 m quadrats to obtain woody species composition, density, basal area, and developed a spatial physiochemical dataset of substrate geochemistry to independently summarise the data using regression and ordination techniques. This information was interpreted alongside historical, dendrochronologic and soil stable carbon isotopic data to evaluate successional dynamics. Comparisons among geologic, pedologic and vegetation environmental drivers indicated broad correlations across an environmental gradient, corresponding to a grassland to forest transition. The woodland communities appear to be part of a complex soil moisture and chemistry gradient that affects the extent, density, basal area and species composition of these communities. Over the gradient, there is an increase in α diversity, a decrease in the density of xeric and invasive species, and an increase in stem density of more mesic species. Dendrochronology suggests poor recruitment of xeric species and concomitant increase in more mesic species. The data indicated that former C4-dominated grasslands were initially invaded by conifers and are now experiencing mesophication, with growing dominance by Acer, Nyssa and more mesic Quercus and Fagus species.

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20

Huenneke, Laura Foster, Steven P. Hamburg, Roger Koide, Harold A. Mooney, and Peter M. Vitousek. "Effects of Soil Resources on Plant Invasion and Community Structure in Californian Serpentine Grassland." Ecology 71, no. 2 (April 1990): 478–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1940302.

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21

Brown, Mark J. F., and Kathleen G. Human. "Effects of harvester ants on plant species distribution and abundance in a serpentine grassland." Oecologia 112, no. 2 (October 1, 1997): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050306.

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22

Hobbs, R. J., S. L. Gulmon, V. J. Hobbs, and H. A. Mooney. "Effects of fertiliser addition and subsequent gopher disturbance on a serpentine annual grassland community." Oecologia 75, no. 2 (March 1988): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00378612.

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23

Dölarslan, Melda, Ebru Gül, and Sabit Erşahin. "Relationship between Soil Properties and Plant Diversity in Semiarid Grassland." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 7 (July 22, 2017): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i7.800-806.1209.

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In ecological studies, soil-plant interaction is an important environmental factor. Soil chemical and physical properties affect plant richness and diversity. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between soil physical and chemical properties, and plant diversity indexes (Shannon-Weiner and Simpson) in semiarid grassland. Plant diversity indexes and soil properties were determined using 34 quadrats (5x5m) on different parent materials (chrome, marble, serpentine, red chalk and red chalk mostra) in semiarid grasslands in the Central Anatolia Region in Turkey. Plant samples were collected and recorded periodically from April to September (the vegetation period) in 2014 for each quadrat. In order to determine the plant richness and diversity indexes, 3 sub-quadrats (1x1m) were randomly added into each of 34 (5x5 m) quadrats. To evaluate the relationship between plant diversity indexes and soil properties, composite soil samples were collected from the four corners, and the center of each quadrat 0-30 cm in depth, and which was mixing of those subsamples. Soil sand-silt-clay contents, soil reaction (pH), bulk density (BD), electrical conductivity (EC), CaCO3 and soil organic matter (SOM) contents were measured. Relationship between plant diversity indexes measured in different months during vegetation period and soil properties of different parent material was statistically analysed using correlation analysis in SPSS 20.0. Modest correlation coefficient was found between the Simpson diversity index and SOM content, sand-silt-clay content, pH and EC for different months in vegetation period.

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24

Pasari, Jae R., Daniel L. Hernández, and Erika S. Zavaleta. "Interactive Effects of Nitrogen Deposition and Grazing on Plant Species Composition in a Serpentine Grassland." Rangeland Ecology & Management 67, no. 6 (November 2014): 693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/rem-d-13-00116.1.

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25

Drenovsky, Rebecca E., and Katharine M. Batten. "Invasion by Aegilops triuncialis (Barb Goatgrass) Slows Carbon and Nutrient Cycling in a Serpentine Grassland." Biological Invasions 9, no. 2 (May 11, 2006): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-006-0007-4.

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26

Funk, Jennifer L., Madison K. Hoffacker, and Virginia Matzek. "Summer irrigation, grazing and seed addition differentially influence community composition in an invaded serpentine grassland." Restoration Ecology 23, no. 2 (December 8, 2014): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rec.12162.

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27

Green, Jessica L., John Harte, and Annette Ostling. "Species richness, endemism, and abundance patterns: tests of two fractal models in a serpentine grassland." Ecology Letters 6, no. 10 (October 2003): 919–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00519.x.

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28

Tyndall, R. Wayne. "Soil Differences between Extant Serpentine Oak Savanna and Grassland in Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area, Maryland." Castanea 77, no. 3 (September 2012): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2179/11-020.

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29

Esch, Ellen H., Daniel L. Hernández, Jae R. Pasari, Rose S. G. Kantor, and Paul C. Selmants. "Response of soil microbial activity to grazing, nitrogen deposition, and exotic cover in a serpentine grassland." Plant and Soil 366, no. 1-2 (September 29, 2012): 671–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1463-5.

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30

Gram, Wendy K., Elizabeth T. Borer, Kathryn L. Cottingham, Eric W. Seabloom, Virginia L. Boucher, Lloyd Goldwasser, Fiorenza Micheli, Bruce E. Kendall, and Rebecca S. Burton. "Distribution of plants in a California serpentine grassland: are rocky hummocks spatial refuges for native species?" Plant Ecology (formerly Vegetatio) 172, no. 2 (June 2004): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:vege.0000026332.57007.7b.

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31

Peters, Halton A., Nona R. Chiariello, Harold A. Mooney, Simon A. Levin, and Anne E. Hartley. "Native harvester ants threatened with widespread displacement exert localized effects on serpentine grassland plant community composition." Oikos 109, no. 2 (April 2005): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13282.x.

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32

Vallano, Dena M., Paul C. Selmants, and Erika S. Zavaleta. "Simulated nitrogen deposition enhances the performance of an exotic grass relative to native serpentine grassland competitors." Plant Ecology 213, no. 6 (May 23, 2012): 1015–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-012-0061-1.

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33

Williams, William E., K. Garbutt, and F. A. Bazzaz. "The response of plants to elevated CO2V. performance of an assemblage of serpentine grassland herbs." Environmental and Experimental Botany 28, no. 2 (April 1988): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-8472(88)90005-6.

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34

Kasowska, Dorota, and Anna Koszelnik-Leszek. "Ecological Features of Spontaneous Vascular Flora of Serpentine Post-Mining Sites in Lower Silesia." Archives of Environmental Protection 40, no. 2 (July 8, 2014): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aep-2014-0014.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the ecological characteristics of vascular plants colonizing serpentine mining waste dumps and quarries in Lower Silesia. The investigated flora was analyzed with regard to species composition, geographical-historical status, life forms, as well as selected ecological factors, such as light and trophic preferences, soil moisture and reaction, value of resistance to increased heavy metals content in the soil, seed dispersal modes and occurrence of mycorrhiza. There were 113 species of vascular plants, belonging to 28 families, found on seven sites in the study. The most numerous families were Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae and Caryophyllaceae. Only 13% of all plants recorded occurred on at least five of the study sites. The most numerous were species related to dry grassland communities, particularly of the Festuco-Brometea class, which included taxa endangered in the region of Lower Silesia: Avenula pratensis, Salvia pratensis, Festuca valesiaca. Apophytes dominated in the flora of the investigated communities. Hemicryptophytes were the most numerous group and therophytes were also abundant. The serpentine mining waste dumps and querries hosted heliophilous species which prefer mesic or dry habitats moderately poor in nutrients, featuring neutral soil reaction. On two study sites 30% of the flora composition consisted of species that tolerate an increased content of heavy metals in the soil. Anemochoric species were the most numerous with regard to types of seed dispersal. Species with an arbuscular type of mycorrhiza were definitely dominant in the flora of all the study sites, however, the number of nonmycorrhizal species was also relatively high. It was suggested that both the specific characteristics of the habitats from serpentine mining and the vegetation of adjacent areas had a major impact on the flora composition of the communities in the investigated sites.

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35

Chiarucci, Alessandro, and Vincenzo De Dominicis. "EFFECTS OF PINE PLANTATIONS ON ULTRAMAFIC VEGETATION OF CENTRAL ITALY." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 43, no. 1 (May 13, 1995): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.1995.10676586.

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The influence of pine plantations on typical ultramafic plant communities of Tuscany was investigated by means of thirty 5 × 5 m plots in three environmental situations with different pine canopy cover. The main changes in natural vegetation were an increase in species richness and ground cover, resulting from the spread of alien grassland and woody species, and the almost complete disappearance of therophytes and some of the serpentine plants. The typical Armerio-Alyssetum bertolonii, an endemic garigue-steppe association characterized by large areas of bare soil, was modified into a grassland community with almost complete ground cover. The main soil changes associated with the presence of a pine canopy were found to be increases in depth and organic matter. Exchangeable cation concentrations increased with pedological evolution and were positively correlated with organic matter content. The positive relationships between soil metal ion content, species richness, and ground cover suggest that hydrological and nutritional soil characteristics were more determinant for typical ultramafic vegetation than soil metal toxicity. Artificial pinewoods may be a serious threat to biodiversity conservation, because the α-diversity increase found at the spatial scale of the present study would correspond to a β- and γ-diversity decrease should pine plantations spread to all ultramafic areas.

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36

BATTEN, K., J. SIX, K. SCOW, and M. RILLIG. "Plant invasion of native grassland on serpentine soils has no major effects upon selected physical and biological properties." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 37, no. 12 (December 2005): 2277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.04.005.

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37

Hidalgo Triana, Noelia, and Andrés V. Pérez Latorre. "Vegetación y flora de la Sierra de Cártama (Valle del Guadalhorce, Málaga, España). Vegetation and selected flora of Sierra de Cartama (Valle del Guadalhorce, Malaga, Spain)." Acta Botanica Malacitana 38 (December 1, 2013): 119–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v38i0.2628.

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Español. Se ha realizado un estudio florístico, fitocenológico y fitogeográfico de la Sierra de Cártama en su conjunto (Málaga, España). Bioclimáticamente, todo el territorio de estudio presenta piso termomediterráneo superior y ombrotipo seco inferior. Litológicamente, se presentan hasta 6 materiales diferentes, destacando un afloramiento de serpentinas. Se trata de una sierra pequeña pero muy diversa en cuanto a flora, puesto que se han detectado en torno a 579 taxones. Algunos de estos taxones han sido reseñados en este trabajo, por tratarse de nuevas citas para el área natural de la Axarquía, o por ser taxones de interés en función de su grado de amenaza, o de su distribución muy restringida en el territorio estudiado; entre ellos destaca el serpentinófito estricto Silene inaperta subsp. serpentinicola. Además, también se incluyen las especies alóctonas más destacables (17). Teniendo en cuenta la poca extensión del territorio de estudio (16000 Ha), ha sido elevada la cantidad de sintaxones detectados (44). El trabajo aporta el esquema sintaxonómico, y además los inventarios o tablas fitosociológicas de las asociaciones y comunidades de interés. Entre estos sintaxones, destacan: la asociación de los sectores Aljíbico y Malacitano-Axarquiense Biscutello baeticae-Anthoxanthetum ovati stat. nov., el pastizal nitrófilo y termófilo de Resedo albae-Chrysanthemetum coronarii cladanthetosum arabici subass. nova, los sabinares edafoxerófilos de Asparago horridi-Juniperetum turbinatae ceratonietosum siliquae subass. nova y el matorral sobre serpentinas de Lavandulo stoechadis-Genistetum equisetiformis thymetosum capitati var. con Avenula gervaisii subsp. gervaisii. Se han catalogado cuatro series de vegetación: una serie climátofila (Smilaco mauritanicae-Querceto rotundifoliae S) en sus faciaciones basófila y silicícola; dos series de vegetación edafoxerófilas (Asparago horridi-Junipereto turbinatae S y Pino pinastri-Querceto cocciferae S en su variante seca); y una serie de vegetación edafohigrófila (Rubo ulmifolii-Nerieto oleandri S). La vegetación de complejos edafogénicos se desarrolla en microhábitats rocosos umbríos (Asparago albi-Rhamnetum oleoidis var. de Vinca difformis y Celtis australis), manantiales tobáceos (Trachelio coeruleiAdiantetum capilli-veneris) y en hábitats con hidromorfía temporal (Ranunculo macrophylli-Juncetum inflexi, comunidad de Juncus bufonius y Centaurium pulchellum, Lythro juncei-Cyperetum fuscae). English. Flora, vegetation and phytogeography have been studied in the Sierra de Cartama (Malaga, Spain). One bioclimatic belt and one ombrotype have been identified: upper thermomediterranean lower dry. The studied region shows six lithological types, considering relevant one outcrop of serpentine. Sierra de Cartama is a small mountain with a high amount of taxa (579). Some of this taxa have been highlighted in this work because they are new records for the area of Axarquia or they are interesting because they are threatened o their distribution is very restricted in the studied region; it is important the record for Silene inaperta subsp. serpentinicola, an obligate serpentinophyte. Moreover, alien species have been commented (17). The studied region shows a very high amount of syntaxa (44) if we take into account its small area (16000 Ha). This work includes a syntaxonomical scheme and relevés or tables for interesting or new phytosociological syntaxa. Some remarkable syntaxa have been pointed out: the graminoid grassland Biscutello baeticae-Anthoxanthetum ovati stat. nov., the anthropogenic thermophilic grassland Resedo albae-Chrysanthemetum coronarii cladanthetosum arabici subass. nova, the juniper community Asparago horridi-Juniperetum turbinatae ceratonietosum siliquae subass. nova and the serpentine shrubland Lavandulo stoechadis-Genistetum equisetiformis thymetosum capitati var. with Avenula gervaisii subsp. gervaisii. A total amount of 4 vegetation series have been catalogued: 1 series is climatophyllic (Smilaco mauritanicae-Querceto rotundifoliae S) developing in siliceous and calcareous soils, 2 edaphoxerophyllic series (Asparago horridi-Junipereto turbinatae S and Pino pinastri-Querceto cocciferae S, the latter in a dry variant); and 1 edaphohydrophyllic in riversides or soils with water tables (Rubo ulmifolii-Nerieto oleandri S). The vegetation that develops in mosaic-complexes corresponds to shaded rocky microhabitats (Asparago albi-Rhamnetum oleoidis var. de Vinca difformis and Celtis australis), calcareous springs (Trachelio coerulei-Adiantetum capilli-veneris) and inhabiting temporarily wet soils (Ranunculo macrophylli-Juncetum inflexi, community of Juncus bufonius and Centaurium pulchellum, Lythro juncei-Cyperetum fuscae).

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38

Dobkin, D. S., I. Olivieri, and P. R. Ehrlich. "Rainfall and the interaction of microclimate with larval resources in the population dynamics of checkerspot butterflies (Euphydryas editha) inhabiting serpentine grassland." Oecologia 71, no. 2 (January 1987): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00377280.

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39

Jakovljević, Ksenija, Dmitar Lakušić, Snežana Vukojičić, Gordana Tomović, Jasmina Šinžar-Sekulić, and Vladimir Stevanović. "Richness and diversity of Pontic flora on serpentine of Serbia." Open Life Sciences 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 260–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-010-0110-5.

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AbstractSerpentine substrate in Serbia covers wide areas mainly in Kosovo and in central, western and south-western part of the country. On the serpentines of Serbia, particularly on the skeleton soils of hills and on lower elevation mountain slopes, there are some xerophilous and steppe-like vegetations. These xerophilous grasslands include mostly Pontic, Pontic-Submediterranean and/or Mediterranean-Submediterranean-Pontic plants. The distribution of 161 taxa of Pontic, Pontic-Submediterranean and Mediterranean-Submediterranean-Pontic areal — types on serpentinites of Serbia was analyzed in order to distinguish centers of richness and diversity. The distribution of taxa was analyzed with respect to geographic, ecological and climatic factors. The qualitative composition of Pontic flora on the serpentine areas was also compared. The greatest floristic richness and the center of diversity of Pontic flora on serpentine of Serbia was recorded in central part of the area investigated.

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Wolf, Amelia A., Erika S. Zavaleta, and Paul C. Selmants. "Flowering phenology shifts in response to biodiversity loss." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 13 (March 13, 2017): 3463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608357114.

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Observational studies and experimental evidence agree that rising global temperatures have altered plant phenology—the timing of life events, such as flowering, germination, and leaf-out. Other large-scale global environmental changes, such as nitrogen deposition and altered precipitation regimes, have also been linked to changes in flowering times. Despite our increased understanding of how abiotic factors influence plant phenology, we know very little about how biotic interactions can affect flowering times, a significant knowledge gap given ongoing human-caused alteration of biodiversity and plant community structure at the global scale. We experimentally manipulated plant diversity in a California serpentine grassland and found that many plant species flowered earlier in response to reductions in diversity, with peak flowering date advancing an average of 0.6 days per species lost. These changes in phenology were mediated by the effects of plant diversity on soil surface temperature, available soil N, and soil moisture. Peak flowering dates were also more dispersed among species in high-diversity plots than expected based on monocultures. Our findings illustrate that shifts in plant species composition and diversity can alter the timing and distribution of flowering events, and that these changes to phenology are similar in magnitude to effects induced by climate change. Declining diversity could thus contribute to or exacerbate phenological changes attributed to rising global temperatures.

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Lyons, Kelly G., A. M. Shapiro, and Mark W. Schwartz. "Distribution and Ecotypic Variation of the Invasive Annual Barb Goatgrass (Aegilops triuncialis) on Serpentine Soil." Invasive Plant Science and Management 3, no. 4 (December 2010): 376–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-09-036.1.

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AbstractSuccessful colonization of newly introduced species is driven by a multitude of factors and is highly dependent on the species. It has long been hypothesized that preadaptation and postestablishment natural selection of introduced species can facilitate their invasion; however, to date, limited research has been dedicated to these theories. In addition, although the correlation between establishment of invasive species and disturbance has been noted and widely studied, the susceptibility of undisturbed habitats to invasion remains unclear. In California, serpentine habitats are severe edaphic environments that have been relatively free of anthropogenic disturbance and nonindigenous species invasions. In this study, we documented the occurrence of the nonindigenous barb goatgrass on serpentine and nonserpentine grasslands in the California Northern Interior Coast Range and the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains and conducted greenhouse and field experiments to assess the species' degree of adaptation to serpentine soils. Reconnaissance of serpentine intrusions and yearly monitoring suggest that barb goatgrass may grow preferentially on serpentine soil, particularly disturbed serpentine sites. In the greenhouse, for most measures of performance, serpentine populations performed better than nonserpentine populations when grown on serpentine soil. Particularly noteworthy was that serpentine populations had higher root-mass ratios than nonserpentine populations when grown on serpentine soil. In contrast to the greenhouse study, field-grown populations from serpentine and nonserpentine sources performed equally well on nonserpentine; alluvial, disturbed serpentine; and shallow, undisturbed serpentine, although the overall species' performance was diminished on severe serpentine soils. Alarmingly, even in the absence of previous exposure to serpentine, barb goatgrass was capable of establishing and spreading into minimally disturbed sites with strong serpentinitic characteristics.

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Torn, M. S., M. Kleber, E. S. Zavaleta, B. Zhu, C. B. Field, and S. E. Trumbore. "A dual isotope approach to isolate soil carbon pools of different turnover times." Biogeosciences 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2013): 8067–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8067-2013.

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Abstract. Soils are globally significant sources and sinks of atmospheric CO2. Increasing the resolution of soil carbon turnover estimates is important for predicting the response of soil carbon cycling to environmental change. We show that soil carbon turnover times can be more finely resolved using a dual isotope label like the one provided by elevated CO2 experiments that use fossil CO2. We modeled each soil physical fraction as two pools with different turnover times using the atmospheric 14C bomb spike in combination with the label in 14C and 13C provided by an elevated CO2 experiment in a California annual grassland. In sandstone and serpentine soils, the light fraction carbon was 21–54% fast cycling with 2–9 yr turnover, and 36–79% slow cycling with turnover slower than 100 yr. This validates model treatment of the light fraction as active and intermediate cycling carbon. The dense, mineral-associated fraction also had a very dynamic component, consisting of ∼7% fast-cycling carbon and ∼93% very slow cycling carbon. Similarly, half the microbial biomass carbon in the sandstone soil was more than 5 yr old, and 40% of the carbon respired by microbes had been fixed more than 5 yr ago. Resolving each density fraction into two pools revealed that only a small component of total soil carbon is responsible for most CO2 efflux from these soils. In the sandstone soil, 11% of soil carbon contributes more than 90% of the annual CO2 efflux. The fact that soil physical fractions, designed to isolate organic material of roughly homogeneous physico-chemical state, contain material of dramatically different turnover times is consistent with recent observations of rapid isotope incorporation into seemingly stable fractions and with emerging evidence for hot spots or micro-site variation of decomposition within the soil matrix. Predictions of soil carbon storage using a turnover time estimated with the assumption of a single pool per density fraction would greatly overestimate the near-term response to changes in productivity or decomposition rates. Therefore, these results suggest a slower initial change in soil carbon storage due to environmental change than has been assumed by simpler (one-pool) mass balance calculations.

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Torn, M. S., M. Kleber, E. S. Zavaleta, B. Zhu, C. B. Field, and S. E. Trumbore. "A dual isotope approach to isolate carbon pools of different turnover times." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 6 (June 24, 2013): 10189–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-10189-2013.

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Abstract. Soils are globally significant sources and sinks of atmospheric CO2. Increasing the resolution of soil carbon turnover estimates is important for predicting the response of soil carbon cycling to environmental change. We show that soil carbon turnover times can be more finely resolved using a dual isotope label like the one provided by elevated CO2 experiments that use fossil CO2. We modeled each physical soil fraction as two pools with different turnover times, using the atmospheric 14C bomb spike in combination with the label in 14C and 13C provided by an elevated CO2 experiment in a California annual grassland. In sandstone and serpentine soils, the light-fraction carbon was 20–40% fast cycling with 2–10 yr turnover and 60–80% slow cycling with turnover slower than 100 yr. This validates model treatment of the light fraction as active and intermediate cycling carbon. The dense, mineral–associated fraction also had a very dynamic component, consisting of 5–10% fast cycling carbon and 90–95% very slow cycling carbon. Similarly, half the microbial biomass carbon in the sandstone soil was more than five years old, and 40% of the carbon respired by microbes had been fixed more than five years ago. Resolving each density fraction into two pools revealed that only a small component of total soil carbon is responsible for most CO2 efflux from these soils. In the sandstone soil, 8–11% of soil carbon contributes more than 85% of the annual CO2 efflux. The fact that soil physical fractions, designed to isolate organic material of roughly homogeneous physico-chemical state, contain material of dramatically different turnover times is consistent with recent observations of rapid isotope incorporation into seemingly stable fractions, and with emerging evidence for hot spots of decomposition within the soil matrix. Predictions of soil response using a turnover time estimated with the assumption of a single pool per fraction would greatly overestimate near-term response to changes in productivity or decomposition rates. Therefore, these results suggest more rapid, but more limited, potential for change in soil carbon storage due to environmental change than has been assumed by more simple mass-balance calculations.

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Rodríguez‐Rojo, M. P., D. Sánchez‐Mata, R. G. Gavilán, S. Rivas‐Martínez, and M. G. Barbour. "Typology and ecology of Californian serpentine annual grasslands." Journal of Vegetation Science 12, no. 5 (February 24, 2001): 687–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3236909.

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Tzonev, Rossen, Dolja Pavlova, Daniel Sánchez-Mata, and Vicenta de la Fuente. "Contribution to the knowledge of Bulgarian serpentine grasslands and their relationships with Balkan serpentine syntaxa." Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 147, no. 4 (April 19, 2013): 955–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2013.788573.

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Batten, Katharine M., Kate M. Scow, Kendi F. Davies, and Susan P. Harrison. "Two Invasive Plants Alter Soil Microbial Community Composition in Serpentine Grasslands." Biological Invasions 8, no. 2 (March 2006): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-004-3856-8.

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Cumming, Jonathan R., and Charlene N. Kelly. "Pinus virginiana invasion influences soils and arbuscular mycorrhizae of a serpentine grassland1." Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 134, no. 1 (January 2007): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3159/1095-5674(2007)134[63:pviisa]2.0.co;2.

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Kohout, Petr, Pavla Doubková, Mohammad Bahram, Jan Suda, Leho Tedersoo, Jana Voříšková, and Radka Sudová. "Niche partitioning in arbuscular mycorrhizal communities in temperate grasslands: a lesson from adjacent serpentine and nonserpentine habitats." Molecular Ecology 24, no. 8 (April 2015): 1831–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.13147.

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Mrázková-Štýbnarová, Marie, Pavel Veselý, Jaroslav Čáp, Karel Fiala, and Aleš Dufek. "Evaluation of the Floristic Composition and Soil Properties of Grasslands in the Mohelno Serpentine Steppe 20 Years Since the Reintroduction of Sheep Grazing." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 69, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun.2021.001.

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Crain, Benjamin J., Ana María Sánchez-Cuervo, Jeffrey W. White, and Steven J. Steinberg. "Conservation ecology of rare plants within complex local habitat networks." Oryx 49, no. 4 (February 24, 2014): 696–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313001245.

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AbstractEffective conservation of rare plant species requires a detailed understanding of their unique distributions and habitat requirements to identify conservation targets. Research suggests that local conservation efforts may be one of the best means for accomplishing this task. We conducted a geographical analysis of the local distributions of rare plants in Napa County, California, to identify spatial relationships with individual habitat types. We measured the potential contribution of individual habitats to rare plant conservation by integrating analyses on overall diversity, species per area, specificity-weighted richness, presence of hotspots, and the composition of the rare plant community in each habitat type. This combination of analyses allowed us to determine which habitats are most significant for rare plant conservation at a local scale. Our analyses indicated that several habitat types were consistently associated with rare plant species. In broad terms, grasslands, oak forests, coniferous forests, wetlands, serpentines, chaparral, and rock outcrops were most consistently highlighted. No single habitat stood out in every analysis however, and therefore we conclude that careful selection of an assemblage of habitats that best represents diverse, restricted and unique rare plant communities will be the most efficient approach to protecting rare plant habitat at local scales. Accordingly we present a means of identifying conservation targets and protecting global biodiversity through local efforts.

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