Journal articles: 'Series stabilized'

1

Santoni, Rosa L., Jeb S. Tingle, and Miguel Nieves. "Accelerated Strength Improvement of Silty Sand with Nontraditional Additives." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1936, no. 1 (January 2005): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193600105.

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A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two products used to accelerate strength improvement of a silty sand (SM) material stabilized with nontraditional stabilizers. SM soil samples were mixed with selected products and tested under both “wet” and dry conditions after 1- and 7-day cures. Nine nontraditional stabilizers, including lignosulfonates, polymers, silicates, and tree resins, were evaluated in this experiment. Two accelerator products, an acrylic polymer and Type I portland cement, were evaluated. Samples were also stabilized with either an asphalt emulsion or cement to provide a comparison for traditional stabilizers under the same conditions. The average unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of three replicates of each mixture was compared with the results of the remaining mixtures, the traditional stabilization results, and a series of untreated control samples. The results indicate increased UCS of samples stabilized with Silicate 1 and Polymer 3 compared with both the untreated control series and the traditional stabilization alternatives. Lignosulfonate 1; Polymers 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6; and Tree Resin 1 did not demonstrate significant increased strength over the control series for the conditions of this experiment. The UCS following the 7-day cure provided the maximum UCS of the samples evaluated in both wet and dry conditions. One accelerator, cement, in combination with a nontraditional stabilizer did show significant improvement in early strength gain when compared to the control series.

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Bahar, Ramdane, Mouloud Benazzoug, and Said Kenai. "Durability of Earth Stabilized Material." Key Engineering Materials 600 (March 2014): 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.600.495.

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This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the durability of stabilized soil. The effect of the addition of chemical stabilizers such as cement, lime, filler and their combination on the durability of clay was examined. The durability of stabilized material was evaluated by conducting series of cyclic wetting-drying and weight loss tests. The study shows that the durability of earth material can be improved by cement and lime stabilizers. These stabilizers provide interesting properties of clays and the durability of stabilized material is greatly enhanced by a combination of these stabilizers.

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Cheng, Yongzhen, and Xiaoming Huang. "Effect of Mineral Additives on the Behavior of an Expansive Soil for Use in Highway Subgrade Soils." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (December 22, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010030.

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Black cotton soil (BCS) forms a major soil group in Kenya and is characterized by high shrink/swell potential when exposed to water. A comprehensive series of laboratory tests were performed on BCS treated with lime (0–9%), volcanic ash (VA, 0–25%), and their combinations in order to study the physical–mechanical properties and mineralogical changes of the stabilized BCS. Moreover, a test road which replaced the BCS with the lime–VA-stabilized BCS was constructed to investigate the moisture change and soil movement in the BCS foundation. The results revealed that BCS stabilized with combinations of lime and VA shows larger California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values when compared with a single stabilizer. BCS stabilized with 3% lime + 15% VA meets the performance requirements of roadbed materials in accordance with JTG D30-2015. The increase of pH and electrical conductivity (EC) in the stabilized soil promotes chemical reactions between the stabilizers and BCS to form new cementing agents, which are confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) findings. The replacement of BCS with 3% lime + 15% VA-stabilized BCS shows an obvious effect on controlling the moisture change and soil movement in the foundation BCS. This research provides a low-cost strategy for making use of the vast resources of BCS in Kenya obtained from foundation excavation.

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Tingle, Jeb S., and Rosa L. Santoni. "Stabilization of Clay Soils with Nontraditional Additives." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819b-10.

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A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the stabilization of low- and high-plasticity clay soils with nontraditional chemical or liquid stabilizers. Clay soil specimens were mixed with various stabilization products and compacted using a gyratory compaction machine to approximate ASTM D1557 moisture–density compaction. Each specimen was subjected to wet and dry testing following a 28-day cure. Twelve nontraditional stabilizers were evaluated, including an acid, enzymes, a lignosulfonate, a petroleum emulsion, polymers, and a tree resin. Additional specimens were stabilized with Type I portland cement and hydrated lime for comparison with traditional stabilizers under the same mixing, compaction, and curing conditions. Analysis of the test data consisted of determining the average strength, in terms of unconfined compressive strength, of three replicate specimens of each mixture. The average strength of the three replicates of each additive was compared with the average strength results of the remaining nontraditional additives, the traditional stabilization results, and a series of control specimens that were not stabilized. The experiment results indicate an increased strength of some nontraditionally stabilized specimens when compared with that of both the control series and the traditional stabilization alternatives. Other nontraditional stabilizers did not demonstrate significant increased strength compared with that of the control series for the conditions of this experiment. Many of the stabilized specimens were highly susceptible to moisture, indicating the potential for poor performance when exposed to adverse environmental conditions, whereas a few specimens demonstrated excellent performance when exposed to moisture. Specific product categories are recommended for stabilizing low- and high-plasticity clay soils.

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Zhao, Yingying, Yang Yang, Xianzhang Ling, Guoyu Li, and Weiming Gong. "Mechanical Behaviors of Natural Sand Soils and Modified Soils in Heavy-Haul Railway Embankment." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (August 27, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8843164.

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The addition of chemical or mechanical materials, such as fibers or stabilizers, is frequently utilized in geotechnical engineering to improve the mechanical properties of problematic soils. In this study, great efforts have been made to obtain insight into the mechanical properties of the natural, fiber, and chemical additive-stabilized soil in heavy-haul railway embankment. A series of triaxial compression tests are conducted on the stabilized samples of different preparation conditions, including water content, compaction degree, confining pressure, fiber content, fiber length, stabilizer content, and curing time. Results show that the shear strength of natural soils shows a distinct increase after adding fiber and chemical additive stabilization. The optimum fiber content and length for fiber stabilization are 0.2% and 12 mm, respectively. The initial tangential modulus and failure stress of chemical stabilized samples increase with the increase of additive dosage or curing time. Meanwhile, a brittle characteristic is observed. In the process of determining the reinforcement methods in practical projects, several other considerations are included, such as equipment and time available, especially for stabilized soils. The fiber-reinforced soils and stabilized soils are efficient for increasing the shear strength and changing of the brittleness character of the heavy-haul railway embankment. The results of this study could provide a valuable reference for geotechnical engineers dealing with soil problems, especially for the heavy-haul railway embankment.

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Vinnychenko, Dmytro, Natalia Nazarova, and Iryna Vinnychenko. "The Dependence of the Deviation of the Output Stabilized Current of the Resonant Power Supply during Frequency Control in the Systems of Materials Pulse Processing." Modeling Control and Information Technologies, no. 5 (November 21, 2021): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31713/mcit.2021.32.

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The calculated dependences for determining the deviation of the output current of the resonant power supply of the materials pulsed processing system from a given stabilized value are obtained. The inversely proportional dependence of the output current on the frequency at the input of the series resonant circuit is obtained. These dependencies can be applied for the frequency control of the inverter’s switches commutation which stabilizes the RMS value of the output current. At the close to short circuit modes, the deviation of the output current from the stabilized value does not exceed 2%, and therefore it can be ignored.

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Zhang, Yinning, Leena Katariina Korkiala-Tanttu, and Mari Borén. "Assessment for Sustainable Use of Quarry Fines as Pavement Construction Materials: Part II-Stabilization and Characterization of Quarry Fine Materials." Materials 12, no. 15 (August 1, 2019): 2450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12152450.

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A secondary by-product, quarry fines, has previously been investigated for applications in high volume as pavement construction materials. Results from a series of laboratory tests suggest qualified basic properties except for the possibility of frost susceptibility for the virgin quarry fines. In Part II of the research, stabilized quarry fine specimens were prepared and investigated in view of the mechanical behavior, and the durability represented by susceptibility to freezing and thawing cycles. The unconfined compressive strength, which is also the commonly used strength indicator, was adopted to evaluate the validity of the stabilized quarry fines as pavement construction materials. The laboratory-determined parameters were then compared among specimens treated with different stabilizers and with the typical requirements for pavement base/subbase layers. The stabilized quarry fines can be qualified for applications in pavement base, subbase and filter layer depending on the types of stabilizers used and degrees of compaction achieved.

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Lebedev, A. V. "Coagulation properties of a magnetic fluid stabilized with polydimethylsiloxane." Вестник Пермского университета. Физика, no. 4 (2020): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1994-3598-2020-4-05-08.

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The stability of a stabilized with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) magnetic fluid to alcohols of a saturated homologous series was investigated. We used alcohols with a linear molecular structure and their possible isomers. It was found that the solubility of the PDMS stabilized particles strongly depends on the length of the coagulant molecules and, quite unexpectedly, on the degree of isomerization. The first tested coagulants, ethanol and acetone, did not mix with PDMS stabilized magnetic fluid. The next member of the homologous series, linear propanol, is an effective coagulant that causes a sharp precipitation of particles. Meanwhile, with isopropanol, coagulation occurs very smoothly. The butanol isomers differ even more. Normal butanol causes the liquid to coagulate at a higher concentration than propanol. Whereas tert-butanol is mixed with PDMS stabilized magnetic fluid in any proportion. The last linear alcohol in the homologous series that can serve as a coagulant is hexanol-1. The next members of the homologous series no longer mix with the PDMS stabilized magnetic fluid. This is typical only for linear molecules. For example, 2ethylhexanol (isooctanol) perfectly dissolves PDMS stabilized particles. This property can be used to separate mixtures of isomers and linear molecules.

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Wang, Li Ling, Jin Zhuang Xiao, Hong Rui Wang, Xiu Ling Liu, and Zheng Gao. "Development of a Parallel-Series Stabilized Platform System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 319 (May 2013): 414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.319.414.

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This document designed a stabilized platform of 2-DOF spherical parallel mechanism with 1-DOF in series. DC servo motors are adopted as the driver of the mechanism. The system uses an inertial gyro sensor as the feedback of the angular position. Software and hardware of the platform were developed. The full closed-loops control structure based on Advantech IPC with NI multifunction data acquisition card(PCI-6230), including current loop, velocity loop and angular position loop, gets wide speed range and high precision for angular tracking. Control software was the Matlab with embedded real-time QuaRC. Experiment results meet the technical index and precision requirement, and illustrate the practicability and effectiveness of the scheme.

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10

Peng, Hong Tao, Hai Tao Su, Xin Ping Zhang, and Jun Wang. "An Experimental Comparison of Compressive Strengths of Soils Stabilized with Enzyme and Ground Quicklime." Advanced Materials Research 280 (July 2011): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.280.9.

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A series of tests were conducted to evaluate the difference of strengths of soils stabilized with enzyme and ground quicklime respectively. Perma-Zyme as an enzymatic soil stabilizer was used in this research. The analysis of the experimental data indicated that the type of soil and curing condition affected those treated with Perma-Zyme or ground quicklime significantly. Perma-Zyme can clearly improve the strengths of fine-grained soil and coarse-grained soil from 7 to 60 days of curing under air-dry condition, but had no significant effect on the strengths of silty loam under air-dry condition and those in sealed glass containers. Under the air-dry conditions, the unconfined compressive strengths of lime-stabilized soil were lower than those treated with Perma-Zyme at different ages. In sealed glass containers, the unconfined compressive strengths of lime-stabilized soil were higher than those treated with Perma-Zyme, because the water in specimens can not evaporate and can promote further hydration of the ground quicklime particles.

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11

Parsons, Robert L., and Justin P. Milburn. "Engineering Behavior of Stabilized Soils." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1837, no. 1 (January 2003): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1837-03.

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Stabilization of soils is an effective method for improving soil properties and pavement system performance. For many soils, more than one stabilization agent may be effective, and financial considerations or availability may be the determining factor on which to use. A series of tests was conducted to evaluate the relative performance of lime, cement, Class C fly ash, and an enzymatic stabilizer. These products were combined with a total of seven different soils with Unified Soil Classification System classifications of CH, CL, ML, and SM. Durability testing procedures included freeze–thaw, wet–dry, and leach testing. Atterberg limits and strength tests also were conducted before and after selected durability tests. Changes in pH were monitored during leaching. Relative values of soil stiffness were tracked over a 28-day curing period using the soil stiffness gauge. Lime- and cement-stabilized soils showed the most improvement in soil performance for multiple soils, with fly ash–treated soils showing substantial improvement. The results showed that for many soils, more than one stabilization option may be effective for the construction of durable subgrades. The enzymatic stabilizer did not perform as well as the other stabilization alternatives.

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12

Domagała, Lucyna. "A Study on the Influence of Concrete Type and Strength on the Relationship between Initial and Stabilized Secant Moduli of Elasticity." Solid State Phenomena 258 (December 2016): 566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.258.566.

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The paper focuses on the influence of concrete type and strength on the relationship between initial and stabilized secant moduli of elasticity. These moduli, as well as compressive strength and density, were tested for four structural concrete series: two lightweight aggregate and two normal-weight ones. The carried out research showed that in each case the value of initial secant modulus of elasticity was lower than the stabilised one and the ratio of these two moduli is strongly dependent on concrete material homogeneity.

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13

Islam, Md Rafizul, and Animesh Chandra Roy. "PREDICTION OF CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO OF FINE-GRAINED SOIL STABILIZED WITH ADMIXTURES USING SOFT COMPUTING SYSTEMS." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 11, no. 1 (April 26, 2020): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.2035.2020.

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The main focus of this study was to predict California bearing ratio (CBR) of stabilized soils with quarry dust (QD) and lime as well as rice husk ash (RHA) and lime. In the laboratory, stabilized soils were prepared at varying mixing proportions of QD as 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%; lime of 2, 4 and 6% with varying curing periods of 0, 7 and 28 days. Moreover, admixtures of RHA with 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16%; lime of 0, 3, 4 and 5% was used to stabilize soil with RHA and lime. In this study, soft computing systems like SLR, MLR, ANN and SVM were implemented for the prediction of CBR of stabilized soils. The result of ANN reveals QD, lime and OMC were the best independent variables for the stabilization of soil with QD, while, RHA, lime, CP, OMC and MDD for the stabilization of soil with RHA. In addition, SVM proved QD and lime as well as RHA, lime, CP, OMC and MDD were the best independent variables for the stabilization of soil with QD and RHA, respectively. The optimum content of QD was found 40% and lime 4% at varying curing periods to get better CBR of stabilized soil with QD and lime. Moreover, the optimum content of RHA was also found 12% and lime 4% at varying curing periods to get better CBR of stabilized soil with RHA and lime. The observed CBR and selected independent variables can be expressed by a series of developed equations with reasonable degree of accuracy and judgment from SLR and MLR analysis. The model ANN showed comparatively better values of CBR with satisfactory limits of prediction parameters (RMSE, OR, R2 and MAE) as compared to SLR, MLR and SVM. Therefore, model ANN can be considered as best fitted for the prediction of CBR of stabilized soils. Finally, it might be concluded that the selected optimum content of admixtures and newly developed techniques of soft computing systems will further be used of other researchers to stabilize soil easily and then predict CBR of stabilized soils.

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Wang, You, Hongdong Zhang, and Zhuangzhuang Zhang. "Experimental Study on Mechanics and Water Stability of High Liquid Limit Soil Stabilized by Compound Stabilizer: A Sustainable Construction Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 5681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105681.

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Sustainable highway construction and operation are threatened by high-liquid-limit soil with low strength and poor water stability in Dongting Lake areas. In order to obtain a soil stabilizer that can effectively improve its strength and water stability, first the author selected inorganic materials (cement, quicklime and fly ash) and sulfonated oil (SO) as the main components of the composite soil stabilizer. Then, a series of single admixture tests were carried out to explore the strength and water stability mechanism of single admixture stabilized soil. Finally, a series of orthogonal experiments and cost analyses were carried out to obtain the formula of the composite stabilizer. According to the results of single doping, inorganic materials can significantly enhance the strength and stiffness of high-liquid-limit soil. The content of SO has a strong correlation with the water stability of high-liquid-limit soil. On a microscopic scale, X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy images explained this law. According to the orthogonal results, the formula of the composite soil stabilizer is: cement 4.5%, quicklime 1.5%, fly ash 2.5%, and SO 0.2%. This paper provides a method to improve high-liquid-limit soil, which is beneficial to sustainable construction and operation of the highway.

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Jiang, Ning-Jun, Yan-Jun Du, Song-Yu Liu, Ming-Li Wei, Suksun Horpibulsuk, and Arul Arulrajah. "Multi-scale laboratory evaluation of the physical, mechanical, and microstructural properties of soft highway subgrade soil stabilized with calcium carbide residue." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 3 (March 2016): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0245.

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Calcium carbide residue (CCR) is an industrial by-product, stockpiles of which are rapidly accumulating worldwide. Highway embankment construction has been identified as an avenue to consume huge quantities of CCR as an economical, less energy intensive, and environmentally friendly chemical additive for soil stabilization. Previous studies have investigated the mechanical behavior of soils stabilized by CCR or blends of CCR with other additives; however, interpretation of the macroscale geomechanical behavior of CCR-stabilized soft soils from a systematically microstructural observation and analysis is relatively unknown. This paper presents a multi-scale laboratory investigation on the physical, mechanical, and microstructural properties of CCR-stabilized clayey soils with comparison to quicklime-stabilized soils. Several series of tests were conducted to examine the Atterberg limits, particle-size distribution, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength, California Bearing Ratio, and resilient modulus of the CCR-stabilized clayey soils. The influences of binder content, curing time, and initial compaction state on the physical and mechanical properties of treated soils are interpreted with the aids of physicochemical and microstructural observations including soil pH, soil mineralogy obtained from X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis, and pore-size distribution obtained from mercury intrusion porosimetry. Soil particle flocculation and agglomeration at the early stage and pozzolanic reactions during the entire curing time, which originate from the finer particle size, greater specific surface area, and higher pH value of CCR, are the controlling mechanisms for the superior mechanical performance of CCR-stabilized soils. The outcomes of this research will contribute to the usage of CCR as a sustainable and alternative stabilizer to quicklime in highway embankment applications.

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Landon, James, Xin Gao, Ayokunle Omosebi, and Kunlei Liu. "Emerging investigator series: local pH effects on carbon oxidation in capacitive deionization architectures." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 7, no. 5 (2021): 861–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ew00005e.

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OHKUBO, C., M. KOBAYASHI, Y. SUZUKI, J. SATO, T. HOSOI, and K. S. KURTZ. "Evaluation of transitional implant stabilized overdentures: a case series report." Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 33, no. 6 (June 2006): 416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2005.01580.x.

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Mirzababaei, Mehdi, Jafar Karimiazar, Ebrahim Sharifi Teshnizi, Reza Arjmandzadeh, and Sayed Hessam Bahmani. "Effect of Nano-Additives on the Strength and Durability Characteristics of Marl." Minerals 11, no. 10 (October 12, 2021): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11101119.

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Low bearing capacity soils may pose serious construction concerns such as reduced bearing capacity and excessive hydro-associated volume changes. Proper soil remediation techniques must be planned and implemented before commencing any construction on low bearing capacity soils. Environmentally friendly soil stabilizers are gradually replacing traditional soil stabilizers with high carbon dioxide emissions such as lime and cement. This study investigated the use of an alternative pozzolanic mix of nano-additives (i.e., nano-silica and nano-alumina) and cement to reduce the usage of cement for achieving competent soil stabilization outcomes. A series of unconfined compressive strength (UCS), direct shear, and durability tests were conducted on marl specimens cured for 1, 7, and 28 days stabilized with nano-additives (0.1~1.5%), 3% cement, and combined 3% cement and nano-additives. The UCS and shear strength of stabilized marl increased with nano-additives up to a threshold nano-additive content of 1% which was further intensified with curing time. Nano-additive treated cemented marl specimens showed long durability under the water, while the cemented marl decomposed early. The microfabric inspection of stabilized marl specimens showed significant growth of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) products within the micro fabric of nano-silica treated marl with reduced pore-spaces within aggregated particles. The results confirmed that nano-additives can replace cement partially to achieve multi-fold improvement in the strength characteristics of the marl.

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Zhao, Xiaolei, Wei Zheng, Yi Zhang, and Wei Huang. "cis alkenes stabilized by intramolecular sulphur⋯π interactions." Chemical Communications 56, no. 5 (2020): 814–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc08558k.

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Arkhipova, Daria M., Vadim V. Ermolaev, Vasily A. Miluykov, Aidar T. Gubaidullin, Daut R. Islamov, Olga N. Kataeva, and Valentine P. Ananikov. "Sterically Hindered Phosphonium Salts: Structure, Properties and Palladium Nanoparticle Stabilization." Nanomaterials 10, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): 2457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10122457.

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A new family of sterically hindered alkyl(tri-tert-butyl) phosphonium salts (n-CnH2n+1 with n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20) was synthesized and evaluated as stabilizers for the formation of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs), and the prepared PdNPs, stabilized by a series of phosphonium salts, were applied as catalysts of the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. All investigated phosphonium salts were found to be excellent stabilizers of metal nanoparticles of small catalytically active size with a narrow size distribution. In addition, palladium nanoparticles exhibited exceptional stability: the presence of phosphonium salts prevented agglomeration and precipitation during the catalytic reaction.

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Huang, Yifan, Wenfeng Fan, Jinliang Wu, Xinglong Xiang, and Guan Wang. "Experimental Study on Strength and Microstructure of Glacial Till Stabilized by Ionic Soil Stabilizer." Buildings 12, no. 9 (September 14, 2022): 1446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091446.

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Glacial till, widely distributed in southwest China, is a special soil directly deposited by detritus formed from melting Quaternary glaciers. In this paper, the F1 ionic soil stabilizer was adopted for stabilizing the glacial till to improve its mechanical strength. A series of micro and macro tests were carried out to study the mechanical properties and microstructure of stabilized soil with the F1 ionic soil stabilizer. The results show that the F1 ionic soil stabilizer can destroy the diffuse double layer structure on the surface of glacial till particles and reduce the thickness of the adsorbed water layer through strong cation exchange and hydrophobic interactions of active sulfonated oil, which reduce the spacing of glacial till particles, enhance the aggregation of glacial till particles, and effectively suppress the swelling deformation of the glacial till. It can be concluded that the water sensitivity and compaction characteristics of glacial till can be significantly improved by the stabilization of the F1 ionic soil stabilizer. Moreover, the mechanical strength of the glacial till can be significantly improved by the stabilization of the F1 ionic soil stabilizer. This article is helpful as a guideline for practical design and future research on applying the F1 ionic soil stabilizer to improve the bearing capacity of foundations in glacial till areas.

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Doddi, Adinarayana, Dirk Bockfeld, Marc-Kevin Zaretzke, Christian Kleeberg, Thomas Bannenberg, and Matthias Tamm. "A modular approach to carbene-stabilized diphosphorus species." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 45 (2017): 15859–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt03436a.

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Zhao, Yi, Xuan Yang, Qingyu Zhang, Naixing Liang, Yangkai Xiang, and Min Qin. "Crack Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber-Reinforced Cement-Stabilized Macadam Base." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (July 10, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6564076.

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A series of tests were carried out to evaluate crack resistance and mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol fiber-reinforced cement-stabilized macadam, which is widely used as pavement base or subbase composite material. Three series of cement-stabilized macadam mixtures with cement content of 3.2%, 3.6%, and 4.0% were prepared by incorporating four various contents (0, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 kg/m3) and lengths (12, 18, 24, and 30 mm) of polyvinyl alcohol fiber. The optimum polyvinyl alcohol fiber content, fiber length, and cement content were determined based on the mechanical properties of cement-stabilized macadam mixtures. Then, unconfined compressive strength test, compressive resilience modulus test, splitting strength test, flexural tensile strength test, drying shrinkage test, and temperature shrinkage test were carried out in this study. The results show that polyvinyl alcohol fiber-reinforced cement-stabilized prepared by optimum proportions (cement 3.6%, fiber content 0.9 kg/m3, and fiber length 24 mm) has good crack resistance. The incorporation of polyvinyl alcohol fiber can effectively improve compressive strength and splitting strength, while its effect on CRM of cement-stabilized macadam is not remarkable. The anti-dry-shrinkage property and anti-temperature-shrinkage property of the specimens are also drastically improved due to the reinforcement effect of polyvinyl alcohol fiber. Moreover, the crack resistance index is proposed to evaluate the crack resistance of materials. The crack resistance of PVA fiber-reinforced cement-stabilized macadam prepared by optimum proportions is improved by 44.4%. Consequently, the mechanical properties and crack resistance of cement-stabilized macadam are obviously improved by adding polyvinyl alcohol fiber.

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Salzner, Ulrike, and Paul von Raguè Schleyer. "CH4−nXn: a comparison between the stabilized X  F series and the destabilized X  CN series." Chemical Physics Letters 190, no. 5 (March 1992): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(92)85163-5.

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Wei, Xiao Hang, and Peng Zhang. "Study on Fracture Energy of Cement Stabilized Aggregate." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1141.

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A series of parametric tests have been conducted to investigate the effect of curing period and cement content of the specimen on fracture energy of cement stabilized aggregate. By means of three-point bending method, the fracture energy of cement stabilized aggregate was measured. Four specimen curing periods (14 d, 28 d, 60 d and 90 d) and four different cement contents (4%, 5%, 6% and 7%) were used. The results indicate that the fracture energy of cement stabilized aggregate is increasing with the increase of specimen curing period. Besides, with the increase of cement content, there is a tendency to decrease in the fracture energy of cement stabilized aggregate. The ability of cement stabilized aggregate to resist crack propagation becomes weaker and weaker with the increase of cement content.

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Creary, Xavier, and Kevin Miller. "Stabilized and Destabilized Carbocations in the 1,6-Methano[10]annulene Series." Journal of Organic Chemistry 68, no. 22 (October 2003): 8683–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo035006w.

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Morgan, D. L. "From sarcomeres to whole muscles." Journal of Experimental Biology 115, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.115.1.69.

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The series connection of sarcomeres in a muscle raises the possibility of instabilities due to some sarcomeres being capable of greater isometric tension than others, due to non-uniform activation, cross-sectional area or sarcomere length. Such instabilities are heavily damped by the force-velocity curve and stabilized by passive tension. The variation of active tension with sarcomere length may act to stabilize or destabilize the situation. Such instabilities can affect tension in a complex manner, causing both increases and decreases in different situations. Some examples of situations where sarcomere nonuniformities have been observed or inferred are given, and their mode of action explained.

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Burlakovs, Juris, Raimonds Kasparinskis, and Maris Klavins. "Leaching of Contamination from Stabilization/Solidification Remediated Soils of Different Texture." Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Environmental and Climate Technologies 9, no. 1 (September 1, 2012): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10145-012-0011-0.

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Abstract Development of soil and groundwater remediation technologies is a matter of great importance to eliminate historically and currently contaminated sites. Stabilization/solidification (S/S) refers to binding of waste contaminants to a more chemically stable form and thus diminishing leaching of contamination. It can be performed using cement with or without additives in order to stabilize and solidify soil with the contamination in matrix. A series of experiments were done to determine leaching properties of spiked soils of different texture bound with cement. Results of experiments showed, that soil texture (content of sand, silt and clay particles) affects the leaching of heavy metals from stabilized soils.

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29

Gai, Pratibha L., M. A. Saltzberg, L. G. Hanna, and S. C. Winchester. "Structures of chemically stabilized ceramics." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 924–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100150459.

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Silica based ceramics are some of the most fundamental in crystal chemistry. The cristobalite form of silica has two modifications, α (low temperature, tetragonal form) and β (high temperature, cubic form). This paper describes our structural studies of unusual chemically stabilized cristobalite (CSC) material, a room temperature silica-based ceramic containing small amounts of dopants, prepared by a wet chemical route. It displays many of the structural charatcteristics of the high temperature β-cristobalite (∼270°C), but does not undergo phase inversion to α-cristobalite upon cooling. The Structure of α-cristobalite is well established, but that of β is not yet fully understood.Compositions with varying Ca/Al ratio and substitutions in cristobalite were prepared in the series, CaO:Al2O3:SiO2 : 3-x: x : 40, with x= 0-3. For CSC, a clear sol was prepared from Du Pont colloidal silica, Ludox AS-40®, aluminium nitrate nonahydrate, and calcium nitrate hexahydrate in proportions to form a final composition 1:2:40 composition.

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30

Dai, Shuangxiong, Zhengxu Cai, Zhe Peng, Zhi Wang, Bin Tong, Jianbing Shi, Shenglong Gan, Qiming He, Wei Chen, and Yuping Dong. "A stabilized lamellar liquid crystalline phase with aggregation-induced emission features based on pyrrolopyrrole derivatives." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 3, no. 6 (2019): 1105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qm00124g.

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31

García-Fernández, Javier, Marina García-Carrión, Almudena Torres-Pardo, Ruth Martínez-Casado, Julio Ramírez-Castellanos, Emilio Nogales, Jose González-Calbet, and Bianchi Méndez. "New insights into the luminescence properties of a Na stabilized Ga–Ti oxide homologous series." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 8 (2020): 2725–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc05472c.

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32

An, Kai Xi, Yi Xiang Chen, Ruo Qi Lou, and Min Jiong Wu. "Study on the Effect of Admixtures on the Strength of Stabilized Sludge Soils." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.617.

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In order to reveal the effect of admixture type and quantity on the strength of stabilized soil, a series of indoor test is done on the stabilized soil by means of unconfined compressive strength test. The raw material soil used in the experiment is sludge soil, and cement, triethanolamine, caustic soda are used as admixture. A lot of solidified samples are prepared according to test scheme in different admixture’s proportion. From the test results, it can be seen that different admixture and it’s quantity affect the strength of stabilized soil by analyzing the sample’s unconfined compressive strength test results.

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33

Minagar, Alireza, and William A. Sheremata. "Treatment of Devic's Disease with Methotrexate and Prednisone." International Journal of MS Care 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073-2.4.43.

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Abstract Devic's disease, which is characterized by attacks of optic neuritis and myelitis (often severe and associated with limited recovery), represents a major therapeutic challenge. We report our clinical observations of eight Devic's disease patients who were treated with prednisone and methotrexate or with cyclophosphamide alone. Four patients were stabilized with methotrexate and prednisone. Of the four patients treated with intravenous cyclophosphamide, only one was stabilized. Three patients who failed cyclophosphamide were subsequently stabilized on methotrexate and prednisone. Further investigations, such as multicenter controlled trials of methotrexate and prednisone in Devic's disease, would strengthen the conclusions from this small series.

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34

Xia, Yun-Tao, Xiao-Yu Xie, Su-Hang Cui, Yi-Gang Ji, and Lei Wu. "Secondary phosphine oxides stabilized Au/Pd nanoalloys: metal components-controlled regioselective hydrogenation toward phosphinyl (Z)-[3]dendralenes." Chemical Communications 55, no. 78 (2019): 11699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc05928h.

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35

Vranna, Antigoni, and Theodora Tika. "The Mechanical Response of a Silty Sand Stabilized with Colloidal Silica." Geotechnics 1, no. 2 (September 28, 2021): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics1020013.

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This paper presents a laboratory investigation into the mechanical response of a silty sand, with a fines content of 10%, stabilized with colloidal silica (CS). To this end, a series of unconfined compression tests as well as monotonic and cyclic triaxial tests was performed on a silty sand, comprising a mixture of a clean sand and a silty sand, stabilized with two concentrations of CS. The effect of various parameters on the behaviour of the stabilized silty sand was studied, such as CS concentration, soil density, and the presence of fines. The test results were compared with the corresponding of the untreated silty sand as well as the parent clean sand. It is shown that stabilization, even at the lowest CS = 6% concentration studied, significantly improves the undrained shear strength as well as the liquefaction resistance of the stabilized silty sand. Both the monotonic and cyclic response of the stabilized soil are only slightly affected by density. Furthermore, cyclic straining up to at least 5% of double-amplitude axial strain does not influence the undrained shear strength of the stabilized silty sand.

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36

Huo, Jun Shuai, Yi Jun Geng, and Zhi Qiang Yu. "Experimental Study on the Weathered Red Sandstone Soil Road Performance Stabilized with EN-1 Soil Stabilizer." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 3190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.3190.

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Weathered red sandstone soil has weak water stability, unsatisfactory mechanical and poor engineering properties, which limits its utilization. When the proposing expressway through the soil, a large number of abandoned would be generated, which would burden construction costs and bring about many adverse effects to the local environment. To turn waste into treasure, the improving experiment with EN-1 soil stabilizer was conducted. Through the unconfined compressive strength test, the optimal mixing ratio of EN-1 soil stabilizer was identified as 0.014%. Series of tests on the road performance indexes were carried out under the condition of the optimal ratio of EN-1. The test results showed that 28d strength of the improved soil achieved 2.98MPa, 7d water stability coefficient achieved 0.75, the improved soil possessed good engineering properties, which can meet the requirements of expressway pavement materials.

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37

Barker, Andrew, Conor T. Kelly, Irina A. Kühne, Stephen Hill, J. Krzystek, Paul Wix, Kane Esien, Solveig Felton, Helge Müller-Bunz, and Grace G. Morgan. "Spin state solvomorphism in a series of rare S = 1 manganese(iii) complexes." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 41 (2019): 15560–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt02476j.

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Structural, magnetic and spectroscopic data on four new spin triplet Mn³⁺ complexes reveals a large magnetic anisotropy. Spin state is sensitive to lattice contents as the spin quintet ground state is stabilized on co-crystallization with ethanol.

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38

Snodi, Lamyaa Najah, Yahya Atemimi, and Fauziah binti Ahmad. "Effect of stabilizers on the shear strength of residual soil." MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816201019.

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In this paper, chemical stabilizer was used for soil characteristics improvement. Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) polymer and lime is effectively used as an inexpensive and easily applied material for soil stabilization and its response performance was evaluated. This research studied improving the engineering properties of Residual soil by mixing it with varying percentages of chemical stabilizer. An evaluation of the effectiveness and performance of SBR and Lime as a soil stabilizer was performed over a series of laboratory tests for geotechnical soil properties. Residual soil used in this study was lateritic soil. The soil was mixed with various amounts of stabilizer for polymer (SBR) {2.5, 5, 10 and 12.5 %} and for lime {1.25,2.5,5 and 10%} by weight and then compacted at the optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry unit weight (MMD). The original soil and the stabilized samples were subjected to unconfined compression test to determine their strength at different curing times (7,14 and 28 day). The results showed a reduction in the plasticity index. The results showed an increase in strength.

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39

Gidwani, S., and V. G. Langkamer. "Recurrent dislocation of a posterior-stabilized prosthesis: a series of three cases." Knee 8, no. 4 (December 2001): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0968-0160(01)00102-8.

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40

Ragab, Sherif S., Ahmad F. Kassir, Régis Guillot, Marie-Christine Scherrmann, Thomas Boddaert, and David J. Aitken. "Cooperative 5- and 10-membered ring interactions in the 10-helix folding of oxetin homo-oligomers." Chemical Communications 54, no. 16 (2018): 1968–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc09964a.

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41

Sun, Jian, Valeriy Zhdaniuk, and Shuai Wang. "Comparative Study of the Strength Properties and Frost Resistance of Cement Stabilized Macadam." Advanced Engineering Forum 48 (January 10, 2023): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-52pnl5.

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Through a series of experimental studies on the unconfined compressive strength, indirect tensile strength (ITS) and freeze-thaw stability of cylindrical specimens, the feasibility of cement-stabilized iron tailings for semi-rigid bases in road construction is determined.Three variables, including the genesis of the materials from which cement stabilized macadam (CSM) are composed, the granulometric composition of the mineral part and the content of cement, were taken as influencing factors. The experimental study shows that with the increase of cement content, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) , indirect tensile strength (ITS) and frost resistance all increase. Studies have shown that the content of coarse aggregate affects the strength properties and frost resistance of cement-stabilized macadam materials.

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42

Wang, Chao, Lingling Huang, Min Lu, Bei Zhao, Yaorong Wang, Yong Zhang, Qi Shen, and Yingming Yao. "Anionic phenoxy-amido rare-earth complexes as efficient catalysts for amidation of aldehydes with amines." RSC Adv. 5, no. 115 (2015): 94768–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra20285j.

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A series of anionic organo-rare-earth amido complexes stabilized by dianionic phenoxy-amido ligands were synthesized, and their catalytic property for the amidation reactions of aldehydes with amines was explored.

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43

Brown, Jessie L., Ashley C. Montgomery, Christopher A. Samaan, Michael T. Janicke, Brian L. Scott, and Andrew J. Gaunt. "Synthesis and characterization of potassium aryl- and alkyl-substituted silylchalcogenolate ligands." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 24 (2016): 9841–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt04433b.

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A series of monomeric silylchalcogenolate ligand salts, stabilized by the [K(18-crown-6)]⁺, cation have been prepared and isolated in good yields, along with full structural and spectroscopic characterization.

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44

Jiang, Fang, Hong Sheng Ding, Tie Fu, and Zhong Hui Dong. "The Kinematic Influence Coefficient Analysis of a Parallel Stabilized Platform Testing System." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 2120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.2120.

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A testing system is constructed by connecting two parallel mechanisms in series to assess the performance of the 6-DOF parallel stabilized platform. In addition, a conception, the kinematic isolation factor, is proposed to describe the capability of the parallel stabilized platform and is combined with the kinematic influence coefficient method to form the first and second order influence coefficient matrixes as well as the velocity and acceleration expressions. The definition of the kinematic isolation factor simplifies the establishment of the kinematic equations, and the acceleration formula especially appears a concise format. These kinematic equations are solved according to a certain turbulence signal of a moving carrier, and the results indicate that the kinematic isolation factor describes the parallel stabilized platform’s capability that it correctly compensates the motion of the carrier and evince that the testing system effectively evaluates the performance of the parallel stabilized platform.

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45

Stankiewicz, Natalia. "Effect of Admixtures on Selected Properties of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Composites." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (January 31, 2023): 1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031803.

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This research was carried out to expand our knowledge of the effects of different admixtures on the properties of fly ash-based geopolymer composites. Three admixtures were used: a liquifying admixture based on stabilized polycarboxylates, a plasticizing admixture, and a liquifying admixture based on modified polynaphthalenes. The effect of variable activator content relative to the binder was also tested. The most favorable flexural and compressive strengths as well as water absorption were obtained in the series with a liquifying admixture based on stabilized polycarboxylates and an activator to fly ash ratio of 0.5 or 0.6. An increase in flexural and compressive strengths of 11% and 32%, respectively, was obtained compared to the series without admixtures. No positive effect was found for plasticizing admixtures or those based on modified polynaphthalenes.

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46

Cao, Xu, Jia Li, Anqiao Zhu, Fan Su, Weiwei Yao, Fei Xue, and Mengtao Ma. "Syntheses of asymmetrical magnesium(i) complexes and their catalytic application in epoxide hydroboration." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 7, no. 22 (2020): 3625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qo00938e.

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A series of novel structural magnesium(i) complexes stabilized by cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl substituted β-diketiminate ligands have been synthesized and used as highly active and regioselective pre-catalysts for various epoxides hydroboration.

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47

Chegenizadeh, Amin, Mahdi Keramatikerman, Faizan Afzal, Hamid Nikraz, and Chee Keong Lau. "An Investigation into Performance of Cement-Stabilized Kaolinite Clay with Recycled Seashells Exposed to Sulphate." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 12, 2020): 8367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208367.

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Sulphate attack is one of the key issues in geotechnical engineering. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of the seashell to reduce negative impacts of the magnesium sulphate concentration on the cement-stabilized clay mixtures by performing a series of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests. Three percent of cement (3, 5 and 7%) was utilized in this study. In addition, the benchmark and exposed specimens were cured for 7, 14, and 28 days before testing and exposure, respectively. A series of the compaction tests were conducted and the optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density (MDD) values were achieved. In the next stage, the UCS tests were performed on the specimens containing 10, 20, or 30% seashell contents and the specimens were exposed to sulphate concentration. Scanning electron microscope morphology had indicated that seashells are a suitable replacement for cement. Qualitative X-ray diffraction had shown that the presence of magnesium sulphate reduces the formation of calcium silicate hydrate, which causes durability issues in cement-stabilized soils. The results indicated that seashell is effective to improve the sulphate resistance of cement-stabilized soil.

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48

Zhong, Mingdong, Soumen Sinhababu, and Herbert W. Roesky. "The unique β-diketiminate ligand in aluminum(i) and gallium(i) chemistry." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 5 (2020): 1351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt04763h.

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Herein we present an overview of the last 10 years for aluminum(i) and gallium(i) stabilized by β-diketiminate ligands that undergo a series of oxidative addition reactions with molecules containing single and multiple bonds.

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49

Wong, Leong Sing, and Shamini Somanathan. "Analytical and Numerical Modelling of One-Dimensional Consolidation of Stabilized Peat." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 2 (February 26, 2019): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091254.

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The objective of the paper is to compare and evaluate analytical and numerical solutions of one-dimensional consolidation of stabilized peat. The type of analytical method used to solve the problem is exact method by separation of variables and utilization of Fourier series. Plaxis 2D 8.2 Professional version software was used to find numerical solution to the problem by employing the finite element method. One-dimensional consolidation problem of stabilized peat was solved numerically and validated with the one solved analytically based on laboratory experimental results. From the results, it was discovered that the consolidation characteristics of stabilized peat evaluated numerically were found to have close approximation to those evaluated analytically. There is a novel value in developing an accurate numerical prediction for the vertical consolidation of stabilized peat considering the complexity of the soil treatment method. It must be noted that peat is highly problematic because it is produced from plant decomposition with extremely high organic matter.

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50

Ma, Qin-yong, Zi-ming Cao, and Pu Yuan. "Experimental Research on Microstructure and Physical-Mechanical Properties of Expansive Soil Stabilized with Fly Ash, Sand, and Basalt Fiber." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (October 21, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9125127.

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Expansive soil is a source of risk to the foundations or subgrade engineering. Stabilization of expansive soil is imperative for practical engineering. A series of laboratory experiments were performed to analyze the physical-mechanical properties and microstructures of stabilized soil. Three stabilizers used in this study are fly ash, sand, and basalt fiber. Different percentages of fly ash (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%), sand (0, 8, 16, and 24%), and basalt fiber (0 and 0.4%) were added by weight into natural soil. Experimental results indicate that the optimum moisture content of stabilized soil increases with the increase of fly ash content for a given sand content, whereas the maximum dry density shows a decreasing trend. The variation trend of optimum moisture content and maximum dry density turns reverse with the increase of sand content for a given fly ash content. Plasticity index is decreased by both increasing fly ash content and sand content. It is found that the maximum unconfined compressive strength and optimum growth rate of strength are obtained by selected mixtures of 10% fly ash, 8% sand, and 0.4% basalt fiber contents. As the analysis of complementary effect suggests, most of the mixt treatments applied in this study have produced good results associated with the strength enhancement of expansive soil. In line with the results of SEM tests, the connection among clay particles has been enhanced through the generation of hydration products (C-S-H and AFt) of fly ash. The filling effect of sand has increased the integrality and compactness of stabilized soil. Moreover, the gripping effect between fibers and soil particles notably improves the strength of stabilized soil. The effect of sand on reinforced soil with 0.4% basalt fiber increases the interfacial force between fibers and soil particles.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Series stabilized'

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