Academic literature on the topic 'Séquences d’insertions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Séquences d’insertions":
Kraif, Olivier, Denis Vigier, and Ghayoung Kahng. "Vers l’automatisation du classement des séquences candidates à la catégorie des prépositions complexes en français." SHS Web of Conferences 191 (2024): 11006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202419111006.
Philippon, Alain, Guillaume Arlet, and Bogdan I. Iorga. "Bêta-lactamases BLSE de type CTX-M." Bulletin de l'Académie vétérinaire de France 175 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bavf.2022.71009.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Séquences d’insertions":
Fauconnier, Aurélien. "Étude des modalités de transposition des séquences d'insertion bactériennes des familles IS91-ISCR." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LIMO0101.
The IS91/ISCR family is highly associated with virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. This atypical IS family encodes a HUH transposase mediating transposition events using a rolling circle transposition mechanism. Unlike the other members of the family, IS91 contains a small ORF potentially encoding a 121 amino acid polypeptide, Orf121, upstream of the transposase gene, tnpA. The first part of this work consisted of an in silico study of two members of the IS91 family, IS91 and IS1294b, that have conserved sequences of the transposase and terIS and oriIS regions. The second part of this work was experimental and focused on the transposition efficiency and regulation. We have shown that i) transcription of the tnpA gene originates mainly from the Porf121 promoter and that transcription of the two genes is coupled, ii) expression of the Orf121 protein in cis or in trans has an inhibitory effect on in vivo transposition of IS91, iii) Orf121 is required for recognition and precise cleavage of the terIS91 end to limit mobilization of the adjacent DNA. With regard to IS91 transposition, we showed that only single-stranded circular DNA intermediates can be inserted into a new target sequence and identified two zinc fingers essential for the transposase activity, called ZF1 involving cysteines 41, 68, 73 and 76 and ZF2 involving cysteines 53, 58, 360 and 363. Finally, we demonstrated that transposases from the IS91 family (IS91, ISKnp22) and the ISCR family (ISCR1) are able to mobilize and recognize and cleave the oriIS end of IS91, ISCR1 and ISCR2 and the terIS end of IS91 and ISCR2
Cerveau, Nicolas. "Dynamique évolutive des éléments transposables de type séquence d’insertion dans les génomes des bactéries endosymbiotiques Wolbachia." Poitiers, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966872.
Transposable elements (TE) are one of the major driving forces of genome evolution. Eukaryotic TE evolution can easily be reconstructed thanks to many degraded copies. By contrast, in prokaryotes, TE are considered to be recently acquired, which complicates the study of their dynamics. Insertion sequences (IS) are the most abundant TE in prokaryotes. Models predict a high turn-over that starts by TE acquisition by horizontal transfers, followed by copy number increase and subsequent elimination. In addition, models predict that genomes of intracellular bacteria should have few or no IS. Genome sequencing of obligate intracellular bacteria, as Wolbachia, have questioned models, because some have a considerable abundance of IS. Our work was based on the study of five sequenced Wolbachia genomes. We have realized a detailed IS annotation for each genome. In addition, experimental analyses were performed to test the hypothesis based on in silico analyses. We confirmed that Wolbachia genomes contained a considerable abundance of IS. Surprisingly, the majority of IS copies were degraded, which allowed us to study their evolutionary dynamics. Past IS activity in Wolbachia genomes was not constant during time. We identified phases of high activity alternating with phases of relative quiescence. High activity phases needed to be preceded by horizontal transfers of IS that we experimentally detected in abundance in Wolbachia genomes. Finally, expression analyses suggested that IS activity is not exclusively controlled by IS themselves, but it also depends on the genomic environment of the IS copies
D'Halluin, Alexandre. "Etude du transcriptome primaire codant et non-codant de Bordetella pertussis, caractérisation de l'impact des séquences d'insertion." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S008/document.
Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, is responsible of more than 200000 deaths worldwide. Despite a high vaccine coverage in developed countries, a reemergence of the disease has been observed, which is in part linked to vaccine-pressure. Strains able to evade vaccine-induced immunity show high genome organization rearrangements, essentially due to mobile genetic elements (IS) present in more than 230 copies, which could impact on messenger and regulatory transcription of the pathogene.To assess the impact of IS on the global transcriptome of Bordetella pertussis, we first determined the coding and non-coding primary transcriptome by a combination of differents RNA-sequencing approaches and predictive bioinformatics analysis software packages. We identify mono- and polycistronic coding structures, including regulatories structures like riboswitches, excludon, and long overlapping 5’ and 3’UTR. A list of candidates regulating transcripts (small RNA) has been mapped from new transcripts located in intergenic regions (IGR) and transcripts oriented in antisense of annotated coding sequences. Extended transcriptions emerging from IS elements have been observed, originating from internal promoters or newly formed promoters by insertion in a specific genomic region. Those transcripts can extend in sense or in antisense of the flanking gene, or in IGR. The regulatory function of those transcripts has been studied from the characterization and the mode of action of an extended regulatory RNA, BPnc264, oriented in antisense of the virulence gene fim2
Raeside, Colin. "Plasticité du génome au cours d'une expérience d'évolution au long terme chez Escherichia Coli." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV070/document.
Large-scale DNA rearrangements, including inversions, amplifications, duplications, deletions, insertions, and transposition of mobile genetic elements, are major drivers of evolution and strongly impact on chromosome organization and expression, thereby altering organismal phenotypes. However, their long-term evolutionary dynamics and effects on organismal fitness are often unknown. We addressed these questions by using the longest-running evolution experiment, during which twelve independent populations are propagated from a common E. coli ancestor in a glucose-limited environment for now over 60,000 generations (26 years). Most past studies have focused on point mutations and small InDels. Using evolved clones sampled over time in all 12 populations, we characterized all large-scale DNA rearrangements by using whole genome sequences and Whole Genome MappingTM (i.e optical mapping). After 40,000 generations, we identified a total of 110 rearrangements including 82 deletions, 19 inversions and 9 duplications. Many chromosomal regions were repeatedly affected by similar rearrangements and, at least in one population, they occurred early in evolution when fitness increase was strong. Therefore, many rearrangements may be under positive selection. At the very least, these rearrangements strongly affected the structure of the chromosome during evolution.At the molecular level, we showed that ~ 70% of all rearrangements occurred by recombination between Insertion Sequence (IS) elements, illustrating their importance in mediating genome plasticity. We therefore investigated the distribution and temporal dynamics of these small mobile genetic elements in all 12 populations. We showed that IS elements were strong contributors of the total mutations after 40,000 generations. In one population, they even represented about half of the total mutations and one IS type, IS150, revealed a strong 6-fold increase in copy number, accounting for the production of most of the rearrangements detected in this population. We showed that IS150 revealed a dynamic temporal behavior with a strong expansion followed by domestication by the host. By testing three evolutionary scenarios, we demonstrated that the IS150 expansion was related to a strong fitness increase conferred by the initial transposition events that occurred before 2000 generations. Later, between 20,000 and 40,000 generations, we measured a decreased transposition frequency, likely owing to a down regulation imposed by the host. Finally, and for the first time, we developed an evolution model of IS dynamics confirming that the IS expansion was related to a threshold number of initial IS beneficial insertions. All of our data showed that large-scale chromosomal rearrangements and IS elements have played an active role in the evolutionary outcomes after 40,000 generations of bacterial evolution
Changey, Frédérique. "Etude de l'évolution du potentiel génétique de populations bactériennes dégradant l'atrazine." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806324.
Graindorge, Arnault. "Le clone épidémique "Bourg-en-Bresse" de l’espèce Burkholderia cenocepacia : origine, positionnement phylétique et phénomènes génétiques liés à son émergence." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10217/document.
The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) comprises 17 species found in lung infections of individuals with cystic fibrosis. The bacteria of this complex are present in the soil, the rhizosphere of field crops, wastewater and may also be encountered in nosocomial infections. In France, the B. multivorans and B. cenocepacia species are the major species in infections of cystic fibrosis patients. Various epidemic clones have been described within the B. cenocepacia species whose ET12 clone associated with "cepacia syndrome". In 2004, a nosocomial outbreak involving a clone of Bcc occurred in a French hospital. During this outbreak, origin of this clone (B&B clone), its classification within the Bcc and several genetic events associated with its emergence have been studied. These investigations have identified this clone as belonging to the species B. cenocepacia with a strong proximity with the ET12 lineage. The study of transcriptional factors of σ70 family within the Bcc has revealed a similar genetic structure between the ET12 lineage and this clone, but different from that observed in other species of Bcc. Analysis of genetic elements repeated family of insertion sequences (IS), however, allowed to observe a distinct genomic organization of the ET12 lineage. It has been linked to phenomen of genetic instability including acquisition of mobile genetic elements like genomic island (GI). All of this work has helped to characterize a set of genetic events may explain the emergence of epidemic clones such as clone B&B