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Journal articles on the topic "Séquençage lectures courtes et longues"
Audebert, Christophe, David Hot, and Ségolène Caboche. "Séquençage par nanopores." médecine/sciences 34, no. 4 (April 2018): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20183404012.
Full textGUY, G., and L. FORTUN-LAMOTHE. "Avant-propos." INRAE Productions Animales 26, no. 5 (December 19, 2013): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2013.26.5.3167.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Séquençage lectures courtes et longues"
Soundiramourtty, Abirami. "Exploring the transpositional landscape and recent transposable element activity in beech trees using long read mobilome and genome sequencing and with new computational tools." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PERP0043.
Full textThe adaptation of organisms to environmental changes has become a fundamental research question,particularly in the context of climate change. A key area of this research is to identify underlying genetic elements, such as transposable elements (TEs), contributing to this process. TEs are repetitive DNA sequences found across all eukaryotes, possessing the unique ability to move within the genome, a phenomenon known as active transposition. They can cause mutations by generating transposable element insertion polymorphisms (TIPs) between individuals, and even somatic insertions. Generally, TEs remain inactive by epigenetic mechanisms that limit their uncontrolled proliferation. However, they can be reactivated upon various environmental stimuli, making active transposition relatively rare. TE mobility can be detected using extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) as a marker of transposition. The transpositional landscape of TEs and their recent activity have been documented in model organisms but remain underexplored in perennial species such as trees. This study aims to investigate recent transpositional activity and ongoing mobility of TEs in non-model perennial species, using European beech (Fagus sylvatica) as our model. We sought to study recent TE activity and their continuous mobility byidentifying TE-induced variants within a population and in an individual (at the somatic scale) using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and mobilome sequencing (eccDNA). We conducted WGS and mobilome sequencing of trees from the Verzy forest, known for its dwarf and tortuous beeches, also referred as "mutants." These trees exhibit unstable phenotypical traits, with some trees developing new normal branches. We identified two TEs belonging to the Miniature Inverted Repeat Transposable Elements (MITEs) type, named SQUIRREL1 and SQUIRREL2, which are actively mobilizing in these trees, producing large amounts of eccDNA and even causing somatic variations.SQUIRREL1 and SQUIRREL2 are also active in beech trees from the Massane forest. Furthermore, in all these trees, several other TEs,mainly MITEs, produce significant amounts of eccDNA, although their activity levels appear to vary depending on the tissues, suggesting that TE activity could be tissue-specific indicating MITE-dominated transposition in beech. Simultaneously, we investigated TIPs in a population of beech trees from the Massane forest, an ancient forest classified as a UNESCO World Heritage site. By sequencing 150 trees, we aimed to understand how TEs contribute to the genetic diversity of the entire population by detecting TIPs generated by Long Terminal Repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) and MITEs using WGS. We detected approximately 30,000 LTR-RT TIPs in each individual, compared to 70,000 MITE TIPs. While most of these TIPs remain at low frequency, many MITE-TIPs are located near functional genes and more conserved within the population. Using these TIPs, we identified several hotspots of variation and conserved regions along the beech genome, providing insights into genome structure in this species. In conclusion, our study highlights the importance of TEs in shaping the genomic landscape of trees, particularly in understanding how these elements contribute to the evolution of long-lived species. Future research could expand this work to other tree species and explore whether the patterns observed in beeches are common in other types of trees
Zhang, Panpan. "Étude du paysage des éléments transposables sous forme d'ADN circulaire extrachromosomique et dans l'assemblage des génomes de plantes à l'aide du séquençage en lectures longues." Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONG016.
Full textTransposable elements (TEs) are repetitive DNA sequences with the intrinsic ability to move and amplify in genomes. Active transposition of TEs is linked to the formation of extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA). However, the complete landscape of this eccDNA compartment and its interactions with the genome were not well defined. In addition, at the beginning of my thesis, there were no bioinformatics tools available to identify eccDNAs from long-read sequencing data.To address these questions during my PhD, we first developed a tool, called ecc_finder, to automate eccDNA detection from long-read sequencing and optimized detection from short-read sequences to characterize TE mobility. By applying ecc_finder to Arabidopsis, human and wheat eccDNA-seq data (with genome sizes ranging from 120 Mb to 17 Gb), we documented the broad applicability of ecc_finder as well as optimization of computational time, sensitivity and accuracy.In the second project, we developed a meta-assembly tool called SASAR to reconcile the results of different genome assemblies from long-read sequencing data. For different plant species, SASAR obtained high quality genome assemblies in an efficient time and resolved structural variations caused by TEs.In the last project, we used SASAR-assembled genome and ecc_finder-detected eccDNA to characterize eccDNA-genome interactions. In Arabidopsis hypomethylated epigenetic mutants, we highlighted the role of the epigenome in protecting genome stability not only from TE mobility but also from genomic rearrangements and gene chimerism. Overall, our findings on eccDNA, genome assembly and their interactions, as well as the development of tools, offer new insights into the role of TEs in the adaptive evolution of plants to rapid environmental change
Ishi, Soares de Lima Leandro. "De novo algorithms to identify patterns associated with biological events in de Bruijn graphs built from NGS data." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1055/document.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis is the development, improvement and evaluation of methods to process massively sequenced data, mainly short and long RNA-sequencing reads, to eventually help the community to answer some biological questions, especially in the transcriptomic and alternative splicing contexts. Our initial objective was to develop methods to process second-generation RNA-seq data through de Bruijn graphs to contribute to the literature of alternative splicing, which was explored in the first three works. The first paper (Chapter 3, paper [77]) explored the issue that repeats bring to transcriptome assemblers if not addressed properly. We showed that the sensitivity and the precision of our local alternative splicing assembler increased significantly when repeats were formally modeled. The second (Chapter 4, paper [11]), shows that annotating alternative splicing events with a single approach leads to missing out a large number of candidates, many of which are significant. Thus, to comprehensively explore the alternative splicing events in a sample, we advocate for the combined use of both mapping-first and assembly-first approaches. Given that we have a huge amount of bubbles in de Bruijn graphs built from real RNA-seq data, which are unfeasible to be analysed in practice, in the third work (Chapter 5, papers [1, 2]), we explored theoretically how to efficiently and compactly represent the bubble space through a bubble generator. Exploring and analysing the bubbles in the generator is feasible in practice and can be complementary to state-of-the-art algorithms that analyse a subset of the bubble space. Collaborations and advances on the sequencing technology encouraged us to work in other subareas of bioinformatics, such as: genome-wide association studies, error correction, and hybrid assembly. Our fourth work (Chapter 6, paper [48]) describes an efficient method to find and interpret unitigs highly associated to a phenotype, especially antibiotic resistance, making genome-wide association studies more amenable to bacterial panels, especially plastic ones. In our fifth work (Chapter 7, paper [76]), we evaluate the extent to which existing long-read DNA error correction methods are capable of correcting high-error-rate RNA-seq long reads. We conclude that no tool outperforms all the others across all metrics and is the most suited in all situations, and that the choice should be guided by the downstream analysis. RNA-seq long reads provide a new perspective on how to analyse transcriptomic data, since they are able to describe the full-length sequences of mRNAs, which was not possible with short reads in several cases, even by using state-of-the-art transcriptome assemblers. As such, in our last work (Chapter 8, paper [75]) we explore a hybrid alternative splicing assembly method, which makes use of both short and long reads, in order to list alternative splicing events in a comprehensive manner, thanks to short reads, guided by the full-length context provided by the long reads