Academic literature on the topic 'Séquençage de cellules uniques'
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Journal articles on the topic "Séquençage de cellules uniques"
Dariane, Charles, Manon Baures, Julien Anract, Nicolas Barry Delongchamps, Jacques-Emmanuel Guidotti, and Vincent Goffin. "Progéniteurs luminaux prostatiques." médecine/sciences 39, no. 5 (May 2023): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2023058.
Full textGrandjean-Closson, Eva, Camille Heckmann, Corentin Le Coz, Isaline Louvet, Matthieu Neri, and Corine Bertolotto. "L’analyse des mélanomes uvéaux primaires à l’aide de la technique de séquençage d’ARN de cellules uniques." médecine/sciences 38, no. 8-9 (August 2022): 737–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2022113.
Full textMathieu, Maxime, Amandine Girousse, and Coralie Sengenès. "Et si l’origine des progéniteurs fibro-adipeux contribuait à leur hétérogénéité dans le muscle ?" médecine/sciences 39 (November 2023): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2023129.
Full textJordan, Bertrand. "Hétérogénéité des tumeurs : l’apport du séquençage sur cellules individuelles." médecine/sciences 30, no. 12 (December 2014): 1184–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20143012023.
Full textQuesada, Stanislas, and Philippe Jay. "De nouveaux types cellulaires identifiés par séquençage haut débit sur cellule unique." médecine/sciences 32, no. 5 (May 2016): 447–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20163205007.
Full textIsaac, Juliane, Mélodie M. Clerc, François C. Ferré, and Benjamin P. J. Fournier. "Les cellules mésenchymateuses orales, une niche spécifique, du développement à la régénération." médecine/sciences 40, no. 1 (January 2024): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2023191.
Full textBurgaud, Mathilde, Betty Bretin, Arnaud Reignier, John De Vos, and Laurent David. "Du nouveau dans les modèles d’étude de l’embryon humain." médecine/sciences 39, no. 2 (February 2023): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2023018.
Full textRemacle, Françoise, and Raphael D. Levine. "Prédiction de la réponse moléculaire à des perturbations mesurée sur des cellules uniques." médecine/sciences 30, no. 12 (December 2014): 1129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20143012016.
Full textLardenois, A., B. Evrard, A. Suglia, S. Léonard, L. Lesné, I. Coiffec, B. Jégou, S. Mazaud-Guittot, F. Chalmel, and A. D. Rolland. "Nouveaux acteurs de la différenciation gonadique normale et pathologique, approches cellules uniques chez l’Homme." Annales d'Endocrinologie 82, no. 5 (October 2021): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2021.07.020.
Full textLacoux, C., M. Truchi, J. Fassy, I. Manosalva-Pena, M. Gautier, V. Magnone, K. Lebrigand, et al. "Analyse des longs ARN non codants régulés par l’hypoxie dans les cellules d’adénocarcinome pulmonaire à l’aide d’un crible basé sur l’interférence CRISPR sur cellules uniques." Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 40, no. 2 (February 2023): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2022.11.029.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Séquençage de cellules uniques"
Foulon, Sophie. "Développement du séquençage ARN ciblé sur cellules uniques en microfluidique de gouttes et applications." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLET037.
Full textSingle cells technologies were introduced a few years ago and have been dramatically evolving ever since. These technologies have revolutionized biology, making it possible to better understand how heterogeneous cell systems works. For example, they permit to discover and follow cell subtypes, with applications in oncology or neurobiology. We have developed a technology to study the expression profile of genes of interest at the level of a single cell, using droplet-based microfluidics. By limiting the number of genes studied compared to commercial whole-transcriptome technologies, the targeted approach has several potential benefits: gaining deeper sequencing, increasing the number of cells studied, optimizing detection for low levels of expression, while reducing the complexity of data and costs. Targeting is sometimes essential, especially when the RNAs do not carry a generic primer sequence, as in the case of viral RNAs. Two applications are presented: the analysis of inflammation of the immune cells of the brain in the early stages of development, as well as the study of genetic recombination in the virus
Deprez, Marie. "Étude de l’hétérogénéité cellulaire et des dynamiques de régénération de l’épithélium respiratoire sain par analyses des signatures transcriptionnelles sur cellules uniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR6022.
Full textImprovements made in nucleic acid sequencing and cell handling technologies now offer the opportunity to analyze simultaneously the content of numerous single cells (RNA, DNA, ...) by global and unbiased approaches. This single-cell ‘omics’ revolution provides a new framework to revisit the “Cell Theory”, elaborated over several centuries, and essentially based on morphological and functional features. The many cell modalities now accessible at single- cell level, such as their transcriptome, spatial localization, developmental trajectories, enrich considerably this definition, and set a renewed context to precisely reassess the definition of ‘cell types’, ‘cell states’ as well as their different interactions and fates.My thesis work initially set up ad hoc approaches and statistical framework to analyze appropriately these single-cell data, which deeply differ from standard bulk RNA-seq. High variance, presence of a huge percentage of null values, large volume of data are among the specific characteristics of these datasets. My work was centered on the main experimental model of my host laboratory, e.g. the human airway epithelium. Human airways are lined by a pseudostratified epithelium mainly composed of basal, secretory, goblet and multiciliated cells. Airways also constitute a true cellular ecosystem, in which the epithelial layer interacts closely with immune and mesenchymal cells. This coordination between cells ensures proper defense of the respiratory system and its correct regeneration in case of external aggression and injuries. A better understanding of the operating sequences in normal and physiopathological situations is relevant in pathologies such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma or cystic fibrosis.First, I characterized at a single cell level the precise and cell-specific sequence of events leading to functional regeneration of the epithelium, using a 3D model of human cells. I then built a single-cell atlas of the different cell types that are lining healthy human airways from the nose to the 12th generation of bronchi.By applying computational and statistical approaches, I have identified cell lineage hierarchies and was able to reconstruct a comprehensive cell trajectory roadmap in human airways. I not only confirmed previously described cell lineages, but I have also discovered a novel trajectory that links goblet cells to multiciliated cells, identifying novel cell populations and molecular interactors involved in the process of healthy human airway epithelium regeneration. The profiling of 12 healthy volunteers then generated a dataset of 77,969 cells, derived from 35 distinct locations. The resulting atlas is composed of more than 26 epithelial, immune and stromal cell types demonstrating the cellular heterogeneity present in the airways. Its analysis has revealed a strong proximo-distal gradient of expression in suprabasal, secretory, or multiciliated cells between the nose and lung airways. My work has also improved the characterization of rare cells, including “hillock” cells that have been previously described in mice.In conclusion, this work probably represents one of the first single-cell investigations in human airways. It brings original contributions to our understanding of differentiation’s dynamics and cellular heterogeneity in healthy human airways. The resulting resource will be extremely useful for any future single-cell investigators and also for establishing a very useful joint between clinical and biological works. As such, it will constitute a reference in any future project aiming to precisely analyze specific disease conditions
Marcy, Guillaume. "Etude des spécificités transcriptionnelles et de la compétence des progéniteurs neuraux postnataux du cerveau antérieur chez la souris." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP070/document.
Full textDuring development, a remarkable coordination of molecular and cellular events leads to the generation of the cortex, which orchestrates most sensorimotor and cognitive functions. Cortex development occurs in a stepwise manner: radial glia cells (RGs) - the neural stem cells (NSCs) of the developing brain - and progenitor cells from the ventricular zone (VZ) and the subventricular zone (SVZ) sequentially give rise to distinct waves of nascent neurons that form cortical layers in an inside-out manner. Around birth, RGs switch fate to produce glial cells. A fraction of neurogenic RGs that lose their radial morphology however persists throughout postnatal life in the subventricular zone that lines the lateral ventricles. These NSCs give rise to different subtypes of olfactory bulb interneurons and glial cells, according to their spatial origin and location within the postnatal SVZ. These observations raise important unresolved questions on 1) the transcriptional coding of postnatal SVZ regionalization, 2) the potential of postnatal NSCs for cellular regeneration and forebrain repair, and 3) the lineage relationship and transcriptional specificities of postnatal NSCs and of their progenies. My PhD work built upon a previously published comparative transcriptional study of defined microdomains of the postnatal SVZ. This study highlighted a high degree of transcriptional heterogeneity within NSCs and progenitors and revealed transcriptional regulators as major hallmarks sustaining postnatal SVZ regionalization. I developed bioinformatics approaches to explore these datasets further and relate expression of defined transcription factors (TFs) to the regional generation of distinct neural lineages. I then developed a model of targeted ablation that can be used to investigate the regenerative potential of postnatal progenitors in various contexts. Finally, I participated to the development of a pipeline for exploring and comparing select populations of pre- and postnatal progenitors at the single cell level. Objective 1: Transcriptomic as well as fate mapping were used to investigate the relationship between regional expression of TFs by NSCs and their acquisition of distinct neural lineage fates. Our results supported an early priming of NSCs to produce defined cell types depending of their spatial location in the SVZ and identified HOPX as a marker of a subpopulation biased to generate astrocytes. Objective 2: I established a cortical lesion model, which allowed the targeted ablation of neurons of defined cortical layers to investigate the regenerative capacity and appropriate specification of postnatal cortical progenitors. Quantitative assessment of surrounding brain regions, including the dorsal SVZ, revealed a transient response of defined progenitor populations. Objective 3: We developed a transgenic mouse line, i.e. Neurog2CreERT2Ai14, which allowed the conditional labeling of birth-dated cohorts of glutamatergic progenitors and their progeny. We used fate-mapping approaches to show that a large fraction of Glu progenitors persist in the postnatal forebrain after closure of the cortical neurogenesis period. Postnatal Glu progenitors do not accumulate during embryonal development but are produced by embryonal RGs that persist after birth in the dorsal SVZ and continue to give rise to cortical neurons, although with low efficiency. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed a dysregulation of transcriptional programs, which correlates with the gradual decline in cortical neurogenesis observed in vivo. Altogether, these data highlight the potential of transcriptomic studies to unravel but also to approach fundamental questions such as transcriptional changes occurring in a population of progenitors over time and participating to changes in their fate potential. This knowledge will be key in developing innovative approaches to recruit and promote the generation of selected cell types, including neuronal subtypes in pathologies
Benavente, Diaz Maria. "Investigation of the molecular diversity defining muscle stem cell heterogeneity." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2020SORUS072.pdf.
Full textAdult skeletal muscle has a remarkable regenerative capacity, being able to recover after repeated trauma. This property depends on the presence of muscle stem cells (MuSCs), which are mostly quiescent in homeostatic conditions, re-enter the cell cycle after injury and proliferate to give rise to committed myoblasts that will eventually fuse to restore the damaged fibres. Numerous studies have investigated the cell state transitions that MuSCs undergo from cell cycle entry to differentiation. Although several genetically modified reporter mice have been generated to study these events, detailed studies on the initiation of differentiation, which is generally defined by expression of the myogenic regulatory factor Myogenin, have been hampered by the lack of a reliable reporter mouse. Therefore, we developed a fluorescent reporter line where differentiating myogenic cells expressing Myogenin are marked by the expression of a tdTomato fluorescent protein. This novel knock-in mouse line allowed us to monitor the kinetics of Myogenin expression during cell differentiation in vitro, and perform preliminary experiments on the behaviour of myogenic cells in vivo by intravital imaging. Although all mouse MuSCs are characterised by the expression of the transcription factor Pax7 and they share several properties, some studies have reported differences in proliferation, engraftment ability, and sensitivity to disease of MuSCs from cranial and limb muscles. To investigate the gene regulatory networks that govern this functional heterogeneity, we have integrated single-cell transcriptomic analyses with cell biology approaches using mouse reporter lines to identify key regulators that confer distinct properties to high performing (extraocular muscles) and lower performing (limb, Tibialis anterior muscle) MuSCs in quiescence and activated states. We identified a delayed lineage progression of extraocular MuSCs in culture that was accompanied with the expression of distinct extracellular matrix remodelling factors and membrane receptors, and we validated the expression of some of these candidates at the protein level. Advanced computational analyses highlighted the dynamics underlying the maintenance of a stem-like progenitor population in extraocular MuSCs, controlled by a singular network of transcription factors acting as a co-regulating module. Taken together, these studies provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the differential properties of muscle stem cells in distinct anatomical locations
Labrunie, Antoine. "Matériaux « uniques » pour cellules solaires organiques mono-composant." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0044/document.
Full textOver the last few years, the development of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (BHJ OSCs) led to significant increase in photovoltaic (PV) efficiency. Such devices are based on interpenetrated networks of an electron-donor material (D) and an electron-acceptor material (A) constituting the active layer. Nevertheless a careful optimization of the morphology is required to reach high power conversion efficiency. Furthermore, this optimized morphology can evolve towards spontaneous phase segregation which can be detrimental for the PV performances. To circumvent these limitations, a relatively unexplored approach relies on the use of a material where the donor and the acceptor moieties are covalently linked to each other through a nonconjugated π-connector. In this context, the work reported herein describes the synthesis and characterization of various molecular D-σ-A assemblies, as well as their preliminary evaluation as “unique” material for the realisation of single component organic solar cells (SC-OSCs). A first family of dyads and triads, based on quaterthiophene moieties as donor block, was studied. A general methodology to assemble the two D and A blocks via a Huisgen-type click-chemistry is described. Then, in the next chapters, several dyads based on a “push-pull” donor block have been synthesized and characterized. The PV performances of these compounds have been evaluated in SC-OSCs leading to power conversion efficiency up to 1.4 %, a value close to the state of the art
Geisler, Hubert. "Structuration d'hydrogels thermoactivables pour l'analyse de cellules uniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLS001.
Full textWe present in this work a new microfluidic technology aiming at isolating single cells by the use of thermoactuable polymers. One of the polymers we use is polyNIPAM, a polymer that can expand its volume by 400% in water when the temperature is set under 32°C and can shrink down when it is set over 34°C. We use this reversible swelling capability to open and close compartments embedded in a microfluidic chip.Grafting and structuring these hydrogel features relies on thiol-en click chemistry, initiated thermally or by UV irradiation. We have developed methods and microfabrication protocols in order to diversify the substrate materials (from glass to PDMS, COC, PMMA, etc), to expand the structures thickness range (from few microns to a tenth of microns) and to strengthen our knowledge regarding the fabrication impact on the hydrogel’s behavior. A robust protocol of photolithography has finally been worked on allowing the design of any type of 2D features on a large choice of substrates.One of the realistic applications detailed here is the development of microfluidic chips aiming at isolating single cells in hydrogel compartments. (confidential)
Vianay, Benoit. "Adhérence de cellules uniques sur supports micro-structurés." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00455350.
Full textVianay, Benoit. "Adhérence de cellules uniques sur supports micro-structurés." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10329.
Full textThe cell adhesion is a critical process involved in many fundamental biological phenomena as dierentiation, tissue repair or cell development. This thesis focuses on a study combining experiments and modelization of single cells spreading on micro-fabricated substrates. Experimental results show that the geometrical constraint imposed by the adhesiveness contrast limits the adhesion. Beyond this limitation, a reproducible organization of the actin cytoskeleton of cells spreading on micro-structured materials suggests that simple physical laws govern the process. We have developed a classication method of basic geometrical shapes observed experimentally to obtain robust statistics. Based on the Cellular Potts model, we reproduced experimental results. This energetical model shows that the basic shapes are metastable states used by cells during spreading. The model parameters are linked to relevant biological parameters. We present results that connect the curvature of interfaces to biological parameters. We show that the experimental measurement of this curvature represents the competition between the contractility of stress bers and the elasticity of the actin gel. A correspondence between the physical properties in the model and the biochemical processes that regulate and organize the cellular adhesion is possible
Lombard, Alain. "QuanTI-FRET, un outil d'imagerie pour l'analyse de la mécanotransduction dans les cellules vivantes uniques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY055.
Full textMany elementary cellular processes (migration, differentiation, death) are controled by a set of agents linked together by cascade reactions. Some of these signaling networks convert mechanical signals external to the cell into internal biochemical signals, a process called mechanotransduction. We seek to study these networks through a signal processing approach, in order to experimentally determine an analogous of the transfer function in time and space for mechanotransduction.Controlling the input variable is done by different type of 2D substrates which have been developped, from the simple glass surface, the adherent geometrical patterns, to the magneto-active substrates (composed of micro-pillars inserted into an elastomer) capable of stimulating locally and dynamically the cells.Measuring the biochemical output variable is done by FRET biosensors. The fluorescence emitted is collected through an inverted widefield fluorescence microscope. We set up the quantitative FRET efficiency calculus from this fluorescence without using FRET standards. It gives access to the activity in space and time of some molecules of network signalisation.Some tools are finally presented as potential candidates to perform the transfer function, among them are combination of correlation methods, and singular value decomposition used in acousto-optics. Combiantion of these tools and methods remains complex, particularly to highlight a biological behaviour from a quantitative quantity. The first use of these tools do not give any biological result, but are promising to study mechanotransduction
Traboulsi, Abdel-Meneem. "Étude à moyen-débit de la localisation d'ARNm dans les cellules humaines." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT117.
Full textMRNA localization was discovered in 1983 in ascidian oocytes and early embryos. Since then many examples of localized RNAs have been found in many organisms, including plants, yeast, fungi, insects, fish and mammals. Localized mRNAs contribute to many biological functions, such as embryonic patterning, asymmetric cell division, cell migration, signaling, neuronal plasticity and others…Until now, only few studies analyzed RNA localization in a systematic manner. Three of them were done in Drosophila, during embryogenesis, oogenesis or larval stage and analyzed around 16000 mRNAs in total. The two other studies were done in mammalian cells and analyzed nearly 1000 mRNAs each. These studies opened a door and raised questions regarding the importance of mRNA localization in human cells and its implication in different biological processes. The goal of my thesis was thus to increase the throughput of single molecule FISH techniques (smFISH) and to study mRNA localization in HeLa cells in a systematic manner.One limitation in smFISH is the cost of the fluorescent oligonucleotide probes, which limits the number of mRNAs that can be analyzed. Therefore, I developed an alternative protocol in which probes for many genes were synthesized as a pool of oligonucleotides (40 per gene in average, more than 12000 in total). Gene-specific probes were then amplified by PCR and converted into single strand by in vitro transcription. I generated a complete protocol, starting from probe design and up to image acquisition. I was interested in studying cell cycle genes. Indeed, cell cycle genes have been extensively studied at the protein level but little is known concerning the localization of their mRNAs. During mitosis, cells go through important morphological modifications and local translation could be a mean of achieving protein localization. This screen is ongoing.In parallel to these experiments, I performed a smFISH based screen on 100 randomly chosen genes and 50 regulators of the G2/M transition of the cell cycle, using a traditional smFISH protocol. In this set-up, I took advantage of a library of HeLa cell lines, in which each cell line contains a bacterial artificial chromosome with the gene of interest tagged with GFP. Therefore, using oligonucleotides hybridizing to the GFP sequence, I could use the same probe set to study the localization of all the tagged mRNAs. A further advantage is that protein localization could be assessed simultaneously. My results indicate that two mRNAs showed a specific localization when screening 100 random genes, and 16 mRNAs among the 50 regulators of the G2/M transition. These mRNAs belong to five localization classes: "blobs", which are cytoplasmic mRNA aggregates; "clusters", which are areas of high local mRNA concentration but where individual mRNA can still be resolved; "nuclear envelope", where mRNAs concentrate around the nuclear envelope; "spindle", which are mRNAs accumulating on the cell division apparatus during mitosis, “spots" which are cytoplasmic mRNA aggregates where individual mRNA can’t be resolved and are bigger than blobs. Interestingly, colocalization between mRNA and GFP, which suggests local translation, was only found for 1 mRNA.These random and targeted screens performed at small-scale show an unexpected frequency and diversity in mRNA localization patterns, therefore pointing to new functions related to this process. This will stimulate future studies aiming at performing screenings at a higher scale
Book chapters on the topic "Séquençage de cellules uniques"
BONNAFFOUX, Arnaud. "Inférence de réseaux de régulation de gènes à partir de données dynamiques multi-échelles." In Approches symboliques de la modélisation et de l’analyse des systèmes biologiques, 7–50. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9029.ch1.
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