Relevant bibliographies by topics / September 11 2001 attacks

Academic literature on the topic 'September 11 2001 attacks'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 July 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "September 11 2001 attacks":

1

Eder, Aaron. "After September 11, 2001." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1927, no. 1 (January 2005): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192700111.

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On September 11, 2001 (9/11), terrorists turned commercial aircraft into missiles and directed them toward high-rise and federal buildings, striking the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. After this tragic event, Congress's attention was naturally focused on airport security, and for good reason: the attacks happened via the aviation system. Yet an equivalent amount of attention was not given to the nation's public transportation system. To address this issue, the FTA, an organization within the U.S. Department of Transportation, began an ambitious five-part security initiative to improve the security of America's public transportation systems and assist their oversight agencies in addressing these new threats. The objectives of this paper are to reveal the vulnerability of America's transit system, identify typical pre–9/11 security planning, and show how the terrorist attacks that occurred on 9/11 have changed the way in which government and transit agencies address security concerns. An analysis of post–9/11 security measures adopted by the FTA; New York City Transit, New York; Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, D.C.; and the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit, California, is provided. A case study of the Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon is included to reveal how this agency in particular has responded to the threats that public transportation agencies face.
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Khalif Al-naeemi, Zeena Younis, and Faisal Abdul-Wahhab Hayder Al-Doori. "September 11 as a Terrorist Atack in Lawrence Ferlinghetti's "History of the Airplane"." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES 5, no. 1 (January 23, 2022): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jls.5.1.2.

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The September 11 attacks, also called the 9/11 attacks, the series of plane hijackings and suicide attacks perpetrated in 2001 by 19 militants connected with the Islamic extremist organizations Al-Qaeda against goals in the United States, are the deadliest terrorist attacks and an extraordinary event on American soil. The attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C. caused widespread death and destruction and sparked a massive United States counter-terrorism efforts. This study aims to explore the main trend of contemporary American poetry that deals with the topic of the September 11 attacks and to show the impact of September 11, 2001, on contemporary American poets. Many contemporary American poets in the period following the attack on the Twin Towers were influenced by the September 11 attacks. Many of the American poets consider the September 11 attacks a terrorist attack, and these poets are the ones who believe in the theory of terrorism, and Lawrence Ferlinghetti is one of them.
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Anderson, Frances E. "Responses to the September 11, 2001 Attacks." Art Therapy 18, no. 4 (January 2001): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2001.10129536.

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Lyon, David. "Surveillance after September 11." Sociological Research Online 6, no. 3 (November 2001): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.643.

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The aftermath of terrorist attacks on September 11 2001 includes widespread tightening of surveillance. The responses are a prism that puts several things in perspective. One, it is premature to see decentralised and commercial surveillance simply supplanting nation-state power. Rather, the nation-state now draws upon an augmented surveillant assemblage for its own purposes. Two, reliance on high tech surveillance methods is undaunted by the low-tech attacks or the failure of high tech security systems already in place. While they may not work to curb terrorism they are likely to impede civil rights for citizens who will be even more profiled and screened. Three, the struggle to make mushrooming surveillance systems more democratically accountable and amenable to ethical scrutiny is being set back by panic regimes following September 11.
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Schlenger, William E. "Psychological Impact of the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks." Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 9, no. 1-2 (April 4, 2004): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j146v09n01_13.

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Weiss, Daniel S. "The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks: Ten years after." Journal of Traumatic Stress 24, no. 5 (August 31, 2011): 495–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.20675.

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Mayer, Margit, and Thomas Greven. "Die USA nach dem 11. September 2001." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 31, no. 125 (December 1, 2001): 541–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v31i125.722.

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The article outlines the domestic consequences of 9-11. It details the war on the homefront by describing steps taken in the immediate aftermath of the attacks, such as the passage and content of the USA Patriot Act, its consequences for immigrants as well as U.S. citizens, and the secrecy surrounding the detention of more than a thousand suspects in what looks like a massive campaign in racial profiling. It also looks at the congressional debate on how the government should intervene to support affected economic sectors and regulate airport security.
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Warbrick, Colin, Dominic McGoldrick, Elena Katselli, and Sangeeta Shah. "September 11 and the UK Response." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 52, no. 1 (January 2003): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/52.1.245.

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On 11 September 2001, four aircraft on internal flights within the United States were seized by passengers who crashed two of them into the World Trade Centre in New York and another into the Pentagon, Washington DC, the other falling into open land in Pennsylvania. The men who seized the planes were all non-US nationals. The total loss of life was over 3,000, including a number of UK citizens. The economic consequences were hardly calculable. Responsibility for the attacks was attributed to the Al Qaeda movement, a group regarded by the United States as being responsible for previous attacks against US targets, including the bombing of American embassies in East Africa in 1998 and on the USS Cole in Yemen in 2000. Although Al Qaeda was thought to have members in many states, the principal base for its operations was in Afghanistan.1
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Churchill, Robert R., and Suzanne J. Slarsky. "Mapping September 11, 2001: Cartographic Narrative in the Print Media." Cartographic Perspectives, no. 47 (March 1, 2004): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp47.469.

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The attacks of September 11, 2001 on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon were unprecedented in scope if not in their fundamental nature. While the United States moved toward resurrection of Reagan’s Strategic Defense Initiative, known popularly as “Star Wars”, and focused its resources on sophisticated weaponry, terrorists with primitive weapons turned commercial aircraft into guided missiles. The suddenness and enormity of the events, coupled with the fact that so many people were acquainted with victims of the attacks, created a sense of concern and confusion that was more pervasive and ubiquitous than evoked by either the 1993 bombing of the Trade Center or the 1995 attack on the Murrah Federal Building. In the immediate aftermath, the events of September 11attracted the sympathies of the entire country, evoked both an outpouring of patriotism and a rhetoric of retribution, and temporarily redefined task saliencies (Wright, 1978) as firefighters and law enforcement officers became heroes of the moment.The media also assumed a heightened level of importance as people turned to television, the Internet, and print for information and for insight and meaning. On September 11, the New York Times recorded over 21 million page views on their site, more than twice the previous record, and a six-month circulation audit by the Times following September 11 showed daily gains of approximately 42,000 newspapers (Robinson, 2002). Since the number of maps appearing in the media has grown rapidly with the advent of desktop computing and electronic publishing technologies (Monmonier, 1989; 2001), it is not surprising that much of the story of September 11 has been illustrated with maps. At the very least, these maps offer distinctive insights that help define both the events and the public reaction, but a paradigm shift that emphasizes their textual nature suggests that in addition to illustrating the attacks and the subsequent events, maps cast their own narratives of these events. Our purpose here is to explore these narratives through a systematic examination of maps that appeared in the print media in the period immediately following September 11.
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CARROLL, HAMILTON. "September 11 as Heist." Journal of American Studies 45, no. 4 (November 2011): 835–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875811000983.

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This article examines two films, James Marsh's Man on Wire and Spike Lee's Inside Man in relation to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. It looks at both films as examples of the heist genre and explores the ways in which genre conventions enable the production of meaning about the terrorist attacks. The conventions of the heist film, it argues, help make sense of September 11 by producing a different set of relations to time and space that draw on the uncanny, rather than the traumatic, nature of the events. Narrating stories of transgression, both films place the horrors of September 11 in another context. Through the genre conventions of the heist, each film offers a view of New York in which the events of September 11 and the destruction of the World Trade Center stand as the center. Not yet complete in one, already destroyed in the other, the Twin Towers haunt these films. As Man on Wire and Inside Man each attempt to make sense of the world in which the city of New York is marked most powerfully by a profound absence, it is in their uses of the heist genre that they find a representational space in which to mourn the World Trade Center and the victims of the attacks.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "September 11 2001 attacks":

1

Pelser, Waldimar. "September 11, 2001 : framing the attacks in America's press." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53051.

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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The attacks on New York and Washington on September 11 2001 constituted a singular media event. On the front pages of America's newspapers and in its pre-eminent news magazines unfolded, in the immediate wake of the blitz, a portrayal that uncontroversially legitimised claims to American innocence, fomented moral certitude through parallels with previous wars and anticipated retaliation that would soon enough engulf Afghanistan. Showing, first, that accounts of reality are always social constructions, the "framing" of September 11 in America's press will be evaluated with reference to 122 newspaper front pages, most from September 12, some from the day of the attacks, and two American news magazines. The emergence of a discourse of war will be considered, as well as the perpetuation within and without of the press of dominant views on America's role in the conflict. The extent to which this "popular frame" selectively excluded inconvenient truths is illustrated in critiques of john Pilger and Noam Chomsky, and an assessment of the politics of defining "terror". The analysis is placed within the normative framework of orthodox joumalism ethics, particularly the values of impartiality and objectivity, concluding that, in democracy, a responsible media better serves the public interest through sustained criticism than compliant patriotism.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die aanvalle op New York en Washington op 11 September 2001 was 'n uitsonderlike mediagebeurtenis. Direk daarna het 'n uitbeelding op die voorblaaie van Amerika se koerante en in twee voorste nuustydskrifte ontvou wat aansprake op Amerikaanse onskuld sonder omhaal sou legitimeer, parallelle met vorige oorloë in die diens van morele daadkragtigheid sou oproep, en wraakaanvalle sou antisipeer wat kort daarna in Afghanistan sou woed. Met as vertrekpunt die argument dat enige weergawe van realiteit 'n sosiale konstruksie is, word die uitbeelding ("framing") van die aanvalle in die Amerikaanse pers op 122 koerantvoorblaaie, hoofsaaklik van 12 September maar insluitend enkeles van die aanvalsdag self, en in twee Amerikaanse nuustydskrifte hier geevalueer. Die ontluiking van 'n oorlogsdiskoers word bekyk, asook die voortsetting binne en buite die media van heersende sienings oor Amerika se rol in die konflik. Die mate waarin hierdie "populêre omraming" ("framing") ongemaklike waarhede selektief uitgesluit het, word aangetoon in critiques van John Pilger en Noam Chomsky, en 'n oorweging van die politiek agter 'n definisie van "terreur". Die analise voltrek in die normatiewe raamwerk van joernalistieke etiek, veral die waardes van onpartydigheid en objektiviteit, en kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat, in demokrasie, 'n verantwoordelike media die openbare belang beter dien deur volgehou kritiek as deur onderdanige patriotisme.
2

Curry, Jennifer. "A study of the impact of 9/11 on content in travel magazines /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1422919.

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Kouzmanov, Krassi. "NATO's response to the 11 September 2001 terrorism : lessons learned." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Mar%5FKouzmanov.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): Maria Rasmussen, David Yost. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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Kaproth, Carissa. "A study of the effects of September 11, 2001 on third and eleventh grade students." Online version, 2003. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2003/2003kaprothc.pdf.

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Epstein, Daren Adam. "The impact of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on U.S.-China relations." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Mar%5FEpstein.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): H. Lyman Miller, Peter R. Lavoy. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-62). Also available online.
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Olk, Erin E. "The perceived effects of September 11, 2001 on student career choices." Online version, 2003. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2003/2003olke.pdf.

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Glade, Tyrone Hamilton. "September 11, 2001 : an individual media dependency perspective /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd600.pdf.

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Feeney, Shannon. "The effects of September 11, 2001 on air travel and tourism." Online version, 2003. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2003/2003feeneys.pdf.

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Wild, Robert Mason. "Terrorism and college students a generation's response to September 11, 2001 /." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2005. http://etd.umsl.edu/r1021.

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Garman, Arifa Mohammad Bushier. "Post-9/11 experiences of Muslim students in Florida public schools." [Pensacola, Fla.] : University of West Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/WFE0000092.

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Books on the topic "September 11 2001 attacks":

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Ichiyama, Dennis Y. Nine 11: September 11, 2001. Two Rivers, Wisconsin: Printed at the Hamilton Wood Type & Printing Museum, 2002.

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Schier, Helga. September 11, 2001. Edina, Min: ABDO Pub. Co., 2007.

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Santella, Andrew. September 11, 2001. New York: Children's Press, 2002.

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P, Carlisle Rodney, ed. September 11, 2001. New York: Collins, 2007.

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Studies, Poynter Institute for Media. September 11, 2001. Kansas City, Mo: Andrews McMeel Pub., 2001.

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Vinaver, Michel. 11 septembre 2001: Livret : version française = 11 September 2001 : libretto : English version. Paris: Arche, 2002.

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Bodden, Valerie. The 9/11 terror attacks: Odysseys. Mankato, MN: Creative Education, 2016.

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Hillstrom, Laurie Collier. The September 11 terrorist attacks. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, 2012.

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Hillstrom, Laurie Collier. The September 11 terrorist attacks. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, 2012.

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Reisegger, Gerhoch. Die Bildbeweise: 11. September. Tübingen: Hohenrain, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "September 11 2001 attacks":

1

Thorun, Christian. "Russia’s Response to the 11 September 2001 Terrorist Attacks." In Explaining Change in Russian Foreign Policy, 111–33. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230589964_6.

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DeLisi, Lynn E. "The New York Experience: Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001." In Disasters and Mental Health, 167–78. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/047002125x.ch11.

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Rudenstine, Sasha, and Sandro Galea. "Two Models, One Disaster New York City Terrorist Attacks on the World Trade Center – September 11, 2001." In The Causes and Behavioral Consequences of Disasters, 133–46. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0317-3_20.

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"September 11, 2001—Attacks and Response." In World Terrorism: An Encyclopedia of Political Violence from Ancient Times to the Post-9/11 Era, 579–674. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315697994-11.

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Keohane, Dan. "The Response of the British Government to the Attack on America." In 11 September 2001. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203493113.ch8.

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"THE TERRORIST ATTACKS OF SEPTEMBER 11, 2001." In Constructing Cassandra, 192–233. Stanford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqsdvd5.11.

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Jones, Milo, and Philippe Silberzahn. "The Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001." In Constructing Cassandra, 192–233. Stanford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9780804785808.003.0007.

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Beirman, David. "United States: September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks." In Restoring Tourism Destinations in Crisis, 43–68. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003117148-5.

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McPherson, James M. "Introduction: Death in September." In Crossroads of Freedom, 3–10. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135213.003.0001.

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Abstract Despite the ghastly events of September 11, 2001, another September day 139 years earlier remains the bloodiest single day in American history. The 6,300 to 6,500 Union and Confederate soldiers killed and mortally wounded near the Maryland village of Sharpsburg on September 17, 1862, were more than twice the number of fatalities suffered in the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001.
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"6. THE TERRORIST ATTACKS OF SEPTEMBER 11, 2001." In Constructing Cassandra, 192–233. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780804787154-009.

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Conference papers on the topic "September 11 2001 attacks":

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Tamaro, Mark J., and Scott G. Nacheman. "Role of the Structures Specialist during the FEMA Urban Search and Rescue (US&R) Deployments to the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks." In Third Forensic Engineering Congress. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40692(241)39.

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Simi, Christopher G., Anthony B. Hill, Henry Kling, Jerome A. Zadnik, Marc D. Sviland, Mary M. Williams, and Paul E. Lewis. "Airborne remote spectrometry support to rescue personnel at Ground Zero after the World Trade Center attack on September 11, 2001." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Sylvia S. Shen. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.453788.

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Romero Faz, David, and Alberto Camarero Orive. "Security assessment in harbours: parameters to be considered." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3181.

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The ports are the main node in the supply chain and freight transportation. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 marked a turning point in global security. Following this event, and from then on, there is a widespread fear of an attack on commercial ports. The development of the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), and the implementation of the measures derived from it, have significantly improved security at port facilities. However, the experience in recent decades indicates the need for adjustments in the security assessment, in order to improve risk assessment, which is sometimes either underestimated or overestimated. As a first result of the investigation, new parameters for assessing security are proposed considering new aspects on the basis of an analysis of the main methodologies specific to port facilities, the analysis of surveys of the responsible managers for the security of the Spanish port system, and the analysis of the security statistics obtained through security forces.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3181
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Butcher, E. J., and J. W. Roe. "Practical Approaches to Addressing the Evolving Perception of Terrorist Threats to Nuclear Power Plants." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22761.

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The September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center and subsequent events has effected perceptions of the terrorist threat to the U.S. in general, and nuclear power plants in particular. These concerns have given rise to calls by government and private orga nizations for reevaluations of both the nature of the threat and protection against it. This paper suggests a general framework for a balanced approach to these reevaluations and highlights some practical and cost effective approaches for improving nuclear power plant safeguards protection.
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Morain, Stanley A. "Critical Infrastructure Protection Using Image Intelligence From Space-Based Aerial Sensors." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32926.

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America’s transportation systems are predicated on economic, social, and political stability. After the epiphany of September 11, and subsequent national alerts, however, all sectors of transportation, not just in the USA, but around the world have become keenly aware of the vulnerabilities inherent in such systems; and of the cascading consequences that can arise from attacks at critical nodes in any one or more of the transportation sectors. Critical infrastructure protection can be enhanced significantly through better and more routine use of intelligence extracted from real time, time sequential, and archival images obtained by aerial and satellite sensors. Since we cannot, and probably never would, re-engineer current transportation infrastructures to harden them against random attacks, planners can use image-derived intelligence to redesign their information and decision support systems to detect, prepare, prevent, protect, and respond to incidents. In many instances technology already exists to begin these redesigns, but before 9/11 there was little incentive to invest in the effort. Measures that were once difficult to justify as protection against acts of nature are now justifiable as protection against deliberate acts of aggression. These measures, once learned and implemented, will be applicable to both natural and deliberate incidents.
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Iliev, Andrej, Lazar Gjurov, and Zoran Cikarski. "HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP IN WARFARE." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.2.5.21.p19.

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The Industrial Revolution of the 19th century had a profound effect on the way the wars were fought. Historians often refer to the American Civil War (1861-65) as the first genuine modern war. History has shown that the effects of technological advances in industry are processes which follow the revolution in the history of war. Napoleon's military campaigns formed the basis of formal military education and lidership in the Western world. Wars as a social phenomenon were more effective through the use of the first modern railways, roads, and warships, which in most military operations changed the doctrine and tactics of warfare and the deployment of military forces on the battlefield. The first and second generation of modern warfare was dominated by the massive use of military force, and numerous armies. This generation of warfare culminates in the Renaissance with the wars of the french emperor and one of the famoust strategic military leaders in that time, Napoleon Bonaparte. The third generation of warfare was a product of the First World War and was generally developed by the German army and was better known as “Blitzkrieg” or maneuver warfare. The strategic military leader in this generation of warfare was Adolf Hitler. The fourth generation of warfare is an evolved form of rebellion that uses all available networks: political, economic, social, and military, in order to create an imaginary image of the adversary. Also, the fifth generation of warfare is defined as contactless warfare, which states and destroys a specific goal without the physical presence of a human. This generation of warfare begins with long-range artillery and naval firearms and longrange missile systems and has been studied since the US terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Strategic leadership in the fourth and fifth generation of warfare have been most developed by US military strategic leaders especially after the US terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. World-class warriors are strategic leaders which have moved beyond tactical and operational competence in the employment of the future force. They understand and implement a full spectrum of operations at the strategic level to include theater and campaign strategy, joint force, interagency in multinational operations. At the end, the military strategic leaders are using all spectrum of military elements of national political 208 power and technology in the execution of the national security strategy. The aim of this paper is to analyze the historical development of strategic lidership in warfare throughout history, taking into account the comprehensive social changes that have taken place in the world over the last two centuries. Keywords: historical development, strategic lidership, generations of warfare, strategy, tactics
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Childs, Frederick R., and Radomir Bulayev. "PATH’s Downtown Restoration Program." In ASME/IEEE 2004 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtd2004-66039.

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On September 11, 2001, the terrorist attacks that destroyed the World Trade Center (WTC) in Lower Manhattan, New York City, also damaged the Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corp.’s (PATH’s) busiest terminal serving the heart of the thriving downtown financial, commercial, and residential district. The aftermath of the attacks also forced the closure of PATH’s key station at Exchange Place that serves Jersey City, New Jersey’s expanding “Gold Coast” business and residential area. PATH’s more than 260,000 average weekday commuters between New Jersey and New York were affected in some way by these tragic events, and PATH ridership fell sharply during the following months. Among the PATH facilities that were damaged or destroyed at WTC, and in the two Hudson River tubes, and at Exchange Place Station were all of the electrical, power, signal, and communications systems. Recovery and restoration work began immediately, but was hampered by the extensive rescue, recovery, removal, and demolition work at the World Trade site. Broken water lines and fire fighting efforts flooded both river tubes, which were later sealed at Exchange Place to prevent additional potential damage to PATH’s New Jersey facilities. This paper describes PATH’s recovery program to replace the electrical, power, signal, and communications facilities from Exchange Place to the WTC Terminal. A temporary WTC terminal has been built to restore direct service to Lower Manhattan’s financial, business, and residential center as of November 23, 2003. As part of this program, new trackwork was installed to enhance operational flexibility and provide temporary interim service to Exchange Place Station, which reopened June 29, 2003. Capacity expansion provisions were included to allow for future 10-car train operations when a new rail car fleet is procured. Facilities replaced include a new traction power and auxiliary services substation, new cables, ductbanks, new signals and central control system, wayside phones, emergency power removal switches, tunnel lighting, radio antenna, and fiber optics. An accelerated design and construction schedule was followed, using a broad combination of in-house, consulting, and contractor forces.
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Batrova, Tatiana, and Vladimir Zaitsev. "Insurance as a way of protection against terrorist risks." In East – West: Practical Approaches to Countering Terrorism and Preventing Violent Extremism. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcshss.nakt8713.

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The risks of property losses caused by terrorist activities have not been isolated by insurers for a very long time. The situation has changed dramatically due to the events of September 11, 2001, which demonstrated the need to form a new approach to solving the problem of insurance coverage of damage caused by terrorist attacks. Accordingly, the purpose of this particular study was to determine the optimal model of insurance against terrorist risks. Therefore, several approaches, based on the analysis of Russian and foreign legislation, to solving this problem have been identified. At the same time, reinsurance has become a common mechanism aimed at protecting the interests of insurers, which in most cases is carried out with the participation of the state. However, state resources are formed for these purposes and are used in such cases in different ways. The targeted use of funds is ensured through the use of special funds, the funds of which in some states (France, Israel) are formed at the expense of targeted tax deductions. In addition, differences can be traced in the scope and procedure of State participation in covering the damage caused. In some countries (for example, in Belgium), this obligation arises only if the problem cannot be solved through a reinsurance system.
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Wieser, Gu¨nter, and Linan Qiao. "FEM Simulation of Extreme Thermal and Mechanical Accident Loads on Screwed Spent Fuel Cask Lid Structures." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93393.

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The complex analysis of screwed spent fuel cask lid structures under extreme thermal and mechanical loads is very important for the evaluation of cask integrity and leak tightness under such conditions. The interest of such problems has been increasing since the terrorist attacks from September 11, 2001. Due to extension experiences of BAM in calculation and experimental testing of transport and storage casks for radioactive materials, BAM in this context has developed new methods to estimate the safety margins of transport and storage spent fuel and high-level waste casks under extreme thermal and mechanical loads resulting from aircraft crashes. In case of thermal loads, a thermal heat transfer analysis has to be made, which gives the time-dependent temperature distribution of the casks. But this is not enough, while the extreme kerosene fire scenario creates a strong transient heating of the cask body and its lid system. This causes elastic and plastic deformation of the cask body, the decrease of screw forces and especially great relative displacements between the seals and its contacting flanges. This results in an elevated leak rate. To cover this case so-called thermo-mechanical analyses had been carried out. One of the most critical mechanical loads on the cask is a central impact onto the lid-seal-system. This can be caused by direct aircraft crash or its engine as well as by a following impact of building structures of a nuclear facility like a storage hall. In this situation dynamical analyses had been carried out. Although it is currently not possible to calculate the leakage rates from deformation analysis directly, for the present it is possible to estimate the behaviour of the seal based on the calculated relative displacements at its place and the behaviour of the lid bolts under the thermal and mechanical impact loads respectively, in combination with experiments where the leakage rate of the seals had been measured after radial and axial shifting of the flanges. Except of the lid bolts, the geometry of the cask and the thermal/mechanical loads are axial-symmetric, which simplified the analysis considerably by using two dimensional finite element models and parameter studies are possible. The lid bolts had been “smeared” with a special technique as two-dimensional plane-stress bolt model, which has been verified with three dimensional bolt calculations. Experiments and calculation studies show that the German transport and storage casks for radioactive material have sufficient safety margins even by extreme thermal/mechanical loads. This paper will present the methodologies developed for the studies. Some of the calculation results will be presented.
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Haydaroğlu, Ceyhun, and Çağdaş Zarplı. "Is Eurasia Energy Association Possible?" In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00140.

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The end of the Soviet hegemony over the Eurasia region after the dissolution of Soviet Union and the terrorist attacks targeting the USA in 11 September 2001, posed a threat for energy transfer. In addition to these, the instable situation in the Middle East brings forward the search for the alternate energy sources. The interest in the energy issue was directed to Eurasia from Middle East. The integration attempts such as energy association between the countries in the Eurasia region, lead up to utilize the resources they have more productively and economic development by promoting the trade within the region. The solution seeking of the countries in Eurasia to the problems in the region and the survival attempts in the growing global competition gave cause for the necessity to make regional cooperation agreements between countries in the region. Considering the fact that the nations in the Eurasia should utilize the resources in the Eurasia in spite of the fact that the USA uses force, the local constituent of Eurasia began to respond. In this context, the object of the study is to develop a point of view for establishing Eurasia Energy Association by discussing the possibility of the integration attempts in the region in a political and economic sense. Solutions will be offered in the following steps with a situation analysis of political and economic conditions necessary for establishing a Eurasia Energy Association, obstacles to establish the desired energy association in the Eurasia region and the encouraging facts.

Reports on the topic "September 11 2001 attacks":

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Rosand, Eric. 20 Years After 9/11: Why Cities Matter More Than Ever When It Comes to Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism. RESOLVE Network, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2021.20.

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With the 20th anniversary of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks upon us there is no shortage of reflections on two decades of global counterterrorism practice. Much of the commentary is focusing on the situation in Afghanistan and the Taliban’s return to power. While understandable, this potentially obscures some of the important developments that have taken place during the period, including those related to our understanding of the threat and how best to counter and prevent it. Three important ones point to the growing relevance of cities in preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE).
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Kuligowski, Erica D., David D. Evans, and Richard D. Peacock. Post-construction fires prior to September 11, 2001. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ncstar.1-4a.

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Hiebert, Mark. US National Security Strategy in Response to 11 September 2001. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada420607.

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Lofgren, Stephen J. Then Came the Fire: Personal Accounts From the Pentagon, 11 September 2001. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada562210.

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Lewy, Donald L. Responding to the Threat of Weapons of Mass Destruction After September 11, 2001. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada406480.

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Reid, Carlton B., and Jr. Expanding Nuclear Arms Control: DOD Imperatives in the Aftermath of 11 September 2001. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada414304.

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Shaw, Jonathan E. The Role of Religion in National Security Policy Since September 11, 2001(Carlisle Paper). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada537011.

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Gaffney, H. H., and Dmitry Gorenburg. U.S. -Russian Cooperation After September 11, 2001. Report of the 15th CNAC-ISKRAN Seminar and Other Discussions, 4-10 December 2001. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada399994.

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Budzik, Anthony C. The Central Asian Republics After September 11, 2001: How Should The U.S. Alter Its Engagement Strategy? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada420709.

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Schmid, Peter D. The U.S. Military and the Philippines after 11 September 2001: Why Size, Reform, and Goodwill Still Matter. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada420388.

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