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Journal articles on the topic 'Separation of property - France'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Hong, Seung-Hee. "The necessity of transition to no fault divorce and legal reform measures: Based on a comparative legal review." Korean Society Of Family Law 37, no. 3 (November 30, 2023): 259–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.31998/ksfl.2023.37.3.259.

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In Korea, the Japanese Civil Code was used during the Japanese colonial period, and the Civil Code, a translation of the Japanese Civil Code, was applied until the Korean Civil Code enacted in 1958 was enforced in 1960. The Korean Civil Code is very similar to the Japanese civil law, and the number of articles is significantly smaller and lacks specificity compared to the civil laws of many Western countries. In the case of the divorce law, the deficiencies of such legislation are being supplemented by the interpretation of the courts. Divorce laws in the West, such as Germany, England, France, and the United States, have been revised in the direction of protecting the rights and interests of the parties through numerous historical changes and discussions since the 19th century. Based on the history of changes in various Western countries, Korea will also need to revise the civil law in the direction of fulfilling the state's constitutional duty to protect marriage and family life. Through counseling before marriage and divorce, the marriage and family system should be strengthened, and counseling and other educational programs should be activated so that a recoverable family can be saved. In order to minimize conflicts in a marriage relationship that has already been irretrievably broken and exists only legally, no fault divorce based on separation for a certain period of time should be introduced. And in order to protect innocent spouses and children who do not want to divorce, marriage should be terminated only if protective measures or agreements for innocent spouses and children are included in the divorce ruling, and divorce should not be allowed if the divorce threatens to cause economic, social and psychological difficulties for them. In addition, if legal separation system where the obligation to cohabit is exempted and a marriage is deemed to have broken down after a certain period of separation is established, I think it can serve as a buffer zone to encourage reunion after separation and also as a gateway from marriage to divorce. The legal separation system can alleviate the impact of divorce, and has an economic effect almost similar to divorce, except that the marriage relationship is legally maintained, so the parties can attempt reconciliation while stably separating for a certain period of time. I think it is desirable to unify the divorce procedure by incorporating the divorce by agreement system into the judicial divorce procedure to ensure that the rights and interests of the divorced parties are fully protected. As with the divorce laws of many countries that adopt no fault divorce, even if there is mutual consent to divorce, divorce must be conducted through a trial and should be granted only after court approval of an agreement regarding children and the financial effects of the divorce. Additionally, if a couple with minor children wants to divorce by agreement, counseling should be mandatory. In addition, according to the Supreme Court precedent, Korea's property division system has the main purpose of distributing the actual common property acquired during marriage, and the supportive nature such as consideration for the other person's livelihood security is added. Since the current support system is insufficient to protect spouses with poor economic status in that the system is not provided by law, a separate support system after divorce should be prepared like in many Western countries. As pointed out by the Supreme Court's ruling in 2015, the fact that the spouse responsible for breakdown of marriage is not allowed to file for divorce is also intended to prevent the other spouse from being expelled by the spouse in the bigamous relationship.
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2

Menzhul, M. V., and L. D. Nechiporuk. "Implementation of European approaches in reforming the institution of separation in Ukraine." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 82 (May 16, 2024): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.82.1.46.

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The article examines the possibility of introducing European approaches in the process of updating the institution of separate residence of spouses. The experience of European states regarding the regulation of the institution of separation (France, Portugal, Belgium, the Netherlands, Poland, etc.) is clarified in a comparative aspect. Three main approaches to the regulation of the legal regime of separate residence of spouses in foreign countries are singled out: an approach in which the independence of the institution of separation and termination of marriage is preserved; an approach in which the grounds for separation and divorce are the same, so the spouses can choose one of the specified two models; an approach in which dissolution of marriage depends on separation, which must precede termination of marriage. Two approaches in the world regarding the contractual method of establishing a regime of separate residence have been clarified, in particular. The common and distinctive features between separation and the actual termination of marital relations, as well as divorce, have been clarified. The judicial practice in cases of establishing the actual termination of marital relations, separation, as well as the termination of the regime of separate residence of spouses has been analyzed. The position of the Supreme Court regarding consideration of counterclaims for establishment of separation is noted. The need to settle the issue of the place of residence of spouses and children when the regime of separate residence of spouses is established, and the issue of child support, has been clarified. It is substantiated that in the process of Europeanization of the provisions of the Civil Code of Ukraine, it is necessary to provide norms that would provide that during the establishment of the regime of separate residence of the spouses, the rights of children are properly protected and the best interests of the child are taken into account. Other issues related to the rights and responsibilities of husband and wife as spouses can be settled by agreement if they wish. Corresponding changes to the Civil Code of Ukraine have been proposed to provide for a contractual procedure for establishing separation and proper protection of the best interests of the child.
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3

Michnevisch, L. "Legal regulation of copyright in the ukrainian lands of the Russian Empire." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 73 (December 10, 2022): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.73.2.

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The article explores the genesis of the legislative consolidation of copyright law in the Ukrainian lands that were a part of the Russian Empire. The thesis is substantiated that the legal regulation of copyright law in these territories was formed under the influence of both European legal traditions and imperial legislative norms. It was revealed that the formation of the idea of authorship in Russia occurred much later than in European countries. The reasons were the long-term attachment of copyright law to censorship legislation and the late commercialization of publishing. It was revealed that the right to literary property was first established in Russian legislation. The literary property was considered as acquired property. Later on, the right of musical and artistic property received legal protection. The thesis has proved that the proprietary concept of copyright law in Russia has been dominant for a long time. At the end of the 19th century, the question of the legal nature of copyright law became relevant, which ultimately formed the idea of separating property and non-property interests of the author in Russian law. Therefore, the evolution of copyright law in the Russian Empire is characterized by a transition from the protection of the interest of the distributor of the work to the protection of the interest of the author. It was revealed that in the 19th century Russia was in certain isolation and did not participate in the most important international agreements on the protection of intellectual property, except for two bilateral conventions with France and Belgium on the protection of copyright law. It was established that the copyright law in 1911 brought the legal regulation of copyright law in the Russian Empire to the European level and introduced many progressive novellas that positively impacted the further development of the institution of copyright law. All-Russian legislation of copyright law was also extended to Ukrainian-controlled lands. However, it is indicated that Russia introduced rather strict censorship rules for Ukrainian-language publications to their complete ban, therefore there is no need to talk about the protection of copyrights law of Ukrainian authors.
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4

Kovacek-Stanic, Gordana. "The principle of self-determination in the family law through history and today." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 116-117 (2004): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn0417159k.

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In the jubilee year 2004, Serbia marks the 200th anniversary of The First Serbian Uprising, structuring of modern Serbian state and its legal system comparatively speaking, France marks the 200th anniversary of passing the French Civil Code, one of the most significant civil codifications in the 19th century. It was an occasion to study certain institutions of family law through history and today. The used approach is modern, we studied the ways how the principle of self-determination influenced the family-legal solutions today, and we investigated if one could talk about the effect of this principle in the historical sense, too. The principle of self-determination implies the possibility for the subjects of family-legal relations to arrange their own relations themselves ? both the partner and parent relations. However, this principle undergoes significant limitations in the family law because the family relations are personal relations by character, as well as because of the need to protect the weaker participant, both the weaker partner or a child who needs protection stemming from his/her very status. Within marriage law, the principle of self-determination of the spouses (extramarital partners) is, among other things, made concrete through the possibility for an agreement about the effects of marriage (extramarital union), then through the possibility of agreed divorce, while the procedure of mediation in the marriage litigation contributes to the realization of the mentioned principle. As for the effects of marriage (extramarital union), the paper particularly discusses property relations, that is the marriage property contract, because it is at the moment a current issue in our domestic law. Within the relations between parents and children, the concretization of the principle of self-determination in parental care is significant, particularly in the situations when the relations between the parents were disturbed and resulted in a separation or a divorce with the joint parental care (application of the parental right). All institutions are analyzed in the positive law, in the historical context (solutions from the Serbian Civil Code the former Hungarian Law), and viewed comparatively in the European legal systems of the east and west European countries.
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5

Hoffmann, Stanley. "Comment on Moravcsik." Journal of Cold War Studies 2, no. 3 (September 2000): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/15203970051032200.

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The responses to Andrew Moravcsik's article discuss the main substantive and methodological points raised in it. Although most of the respondents agree that Moravcsik has properly highlighted the importance of commercial concerns for de Gaulle's policy on European integration, they question the validity of his sharp separation between de Gaulle's political and economic goals for France. Several commentators argue that political and commercial concerns (including agricultural concerns) were closely intertwined in de Gaulle's vision of French grandeur. John Keeler brings up another crucial question: Was French agriculture really an obstacle to France's position in Europe? He argues thatde Gaulle successfully supported and modernized French agriculture because he was convinced that this would contribute to France's geopolitical position in Europe and the Western world. In two longer commentaries, Jeffrey Vanke and Marc Trachtenberg raise questions about Moravcsik's methodology and use of sources. Both agree that Moravcsik draws on an impressive array of available materials concerning de Gaulle. But they both wonder whether a definitive account of de Gaulle's policies can be written when the documentary record is still incomplete, a point raised by the
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6

Gillingham, John. "A Test Case of Moravcsik's “Liberal Intergovernmentalist” Approach to European Integration." Journal of Cold War Studies 2, no. 3 (September 2000): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/15203970051032237.

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The responses to Andrew Moravcsik's article discuss the main substantive and methodological points raised in it. Although most of the respondents agree that Moravcsik has properly highlighted the importance of commercial concerns for de Gaulle's policy on European integration, they question the validity of his sharp separation between de Gaulle's political and economic goals for France. Several commentators argue that political and commercial concerns (including agricultural concerns) were closely intertwined in de Gaulle's vision of French grandeur.John Keeler brings up another crucial question: Was French agriculture really an obstacle to France's position in Europe? He argues that de Gaulle successfully supported and modernized French agriculture because he was convinced that this would contribute to France's geopolitical position in Europe and the Western world. In two longer commentaries, Jeffrey Vanke and Marc Trachtenberg raise questions about Moravcsik's methodology and use of sources. Both agree that Moravcsik draws on an impressive array of available materials concerning de Gaulle. But they both wonder whether a definitive account of de Gaulle's policies can be written when the documentary record is still incomplete, a point raised by the
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7

Keeler, John T. S. "A Response to Andrew Moravcsik." Journal of Cold War Studies 2, no. 3 (September 2000): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/15203970051032219.

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The responses to Andrew Moravcsik's article discuss the main substantive and methodological points raised in it. Although most of the respondents agree that Moravcsik has properly highlighted the importance of commercial concerns for de Gaulle's policy on European integration, they question the validity of his sharp separation between de Gaulle's political and economic goals for France. Several commentators argue that political and commercial concerns (including agricultural concerns) were closely intertwined in de Gaulle'bs vision of French grandeur. John Keeler brings up another crucial question: Was French agriculture really an obstacle to France's position in Europe? He argues that de Gaulle successfully supported and modernized French agriculture because he was convinced that this would contribute to France's geopolitical position in Europe and the Western world. In two longer commentaries, Jeffrey Vanke and Marc Trachtenberg raise questions about Moravcsik's methodology and use of sources. Both agree that Moravcsik draws on an impressive array of available materials concerning de Gaulle. But they both wonder whether a definitive account of de Gaulle's policies can be written when the documentary record is still incomplete, a point raised by the
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8

Milward, Alan S. "A Comment on the Article by Andrew Moravcsik." Journal of Cold War Studies 2, no. 3 (September 2000): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/15203970051032228.

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The responses to Andrew Moravcsik's article discuss the main substantive and methodological points raised in it. Although most of the respondents agree that Moravcsik has properly highlighted the importance of commercial concerns for de Gaulle's policy on European integration, they question the validity of his sharp separation between de Gaulle's political and economic goals for France. Several commentators argue that political and commercial concerns (including agricultural concerns) were closely intertwined in de Gaulle's vision of French grandeur. John Keeler brings up another crucial question: Was French agriculture really an obstacle to France's position in Europe? He argues that de Gaulle successfully supported and modernized French agriculture because he was convinced that this would contribute to France's geopolitical position in Europe and the Western world. In two longer commentaries, Jeffrey Vanke and Marc Trachtenberg raise questions about Moravcsik's methodology and use of sources. Both agree that Moravcsik draws on an impressive array of available materials concerning de Gaulle. But they both wonder whether a definitive account of de Gaulle's policies can be written when the documentary record is still incomplete, a point raised by the
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9

Vanke, Jeffrey. "Reconstructing De Gaulle." Journal of Cold War Studies 2, no. 3 (September 2000): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/15203970051032246.

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The responses to Andrew Moravcsik's article discuss the main substantive and methodological points raised in it. Although most of the respondents agree that Moravcsik has properly highlighted the importance of commercial concerns for de Gaulle's policy on European integration, they question the validity of his sharp separation between de Gaulle's political and economic goals for France. Several commentators argue that political and commercial concerns (including agricultural concerns) were closely intertwined in de Gaulle's vision of French grandeur. John Keeler brings up another crucial question: Was French agriculture really an obstacle to France's position in Europe? He argues that de Gaulle successfully supported and modernized French agriculture because he was convinced that this would contribute to France's geopolitical position in Europe and the Western world. In two longer commentaries, Jeffrey Vanke and Marc Trachtenberg raise questions about Moravcsik's methodology and use of sources. Both agree that Moravcsik draws on an impressive array of available materials concerning de Gaulle. But they both wonder whether a definitive account of de Gaulle's policies can be written when the documentary record is still incomplete, a point raised by the
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10

Trachtenberg, Marc. "De Gaulle, Moravcsik, and Europe." Journal of Cold War Studies 2, no. 3 (September 2000): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/15203970051032255.

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The responses to Andrew Moravcsik's article discuss the main substantive and methodological points raised in it. Although most of the respondents agree that Moravcsik has properly highlighted the importance of commercial concerns for de Gaulle's policy on European integration, they question the validity of his sharp separation between de Gaulle's political and economic goals for France. Several commentators argue that political and commercial concerns (including agricultural concerns) were closely intertwined in de Gaulle's vision of French grandeur. John Keeler brings up another crucial question: Was French agriculture really an obstacle to France's position in Europe? He argues that de Gaulle successfully supported and modernized French agriculture because he was convinced that this would contribute to France's geopolitical position in Europe and the Western world. In two longer commentaries, Jeffrey Vanke and Marc Trachtenberg raise questions about Moravcsik's methodology and use of sources. Both agree that Moravcsik draws on an impressive array of available materials concerning de Gaulle. But they both wonder whether a definitive account of de Gaulle's policies can be written when the documentary record is still incomplete, a point raised by the
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11

Starck, Christian. "State duties of protection and fundamental rights." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 3, no. 1 (July 10, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2000/v3i1a2882.

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Duties of protection are duties of the state to protect certain legal interests of its citizens. They cover the interests of life, health, freedom and property and also protect some other interests and certain constitutionally recognised institutions. State duties of protection must be considered in connection with fundamental rights. The foundations of modern constitutionalism and attendant procedures are essential to develop guidelines for a constructive critique of the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court. This is done with reference to the recent history of France, Germany and England. The historical excursus reveals that a single theory underlies the variety of constitutional states. The development of the constitutional state gave rise to the significance of the preservation of freedom through the maintenance of law and the separation of powers. This has given rise to various legal devices, based also in part on experience with moderate rule and earlier theories of the imperium limitatum.A textual analysis of the German Basic Law is undertaken to determine whether and how the duties of protection are expressly created. Furthermore, the duties that have been discovered in the Basic Law by the Federal Constitutional Court are considered. These duties include the protection of human life and health, personal freedom, the right to autonomous development of one's personality, freedom of science, research and teaching, marriage and the family, children, mothers, professional freedom, property and the protection of German nationals against foreign states. Finally the justification of such duties and the constitutional control of the manner of protection are considered.In a final section a critique of relevant constitutional jurisprudence is undertaken. It is argued that claims to protection cannot be directly binding law. They presuppose legislation. If statutory protection is connected with infringements of third-party fundamental rights, the principle of proportionality can be adopted to test whether the protection is effective. Insofar as protection can be achieved without infringements of rights, one must attempt to test the effectiveness of protection by some other means. Where the legislature omits to protect at all, the court should limit itself to establishing the existence of a duty and to querying its non-fulfilment. The Court may not pass protective regulations or impose a duty to pass specific regulations. Where general statutory norms apply, protective duties can be realised through the socalled indirect third-party effect of fundamental rights. In its reaching its decision, the German Federal Constitutional Court is responsible for preserving the political discretion of the legislature in protecting interests and remembering the structural distinction between "hard" defensive rights and "soft" protective duties in order to prevent the erosion of the directly binding nature of defensive rights.
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12

Bonvalet, Catherine, and Nicolas Robette. "Historia residencial de los francilianos nacidos entre 1930 y 1950 / Residential History of People Born in Île-de-France between 1930 and 1950." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v27i3.1422.

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El propósito de este artículo es relatar la historia residencial de las generaciones nacidas entre 1930 y 1950 que habitan París y sus afueras. Se basa en la encuesta Biografías y entorno que recolectó el INED en 2001 entre cerca de 2 830 francilianos (oriundos de la región de Île-de-France) pertenecientes a estas generaciones. Sus trayectorias residenciales y geográficas dan testimonio de los grandes momentos de la urbanización franciliana que ocurrieron en el transcurso de la segunda mitad del siglo xx, particularmente con la expansión de la propiedad y los fenómenos de periurbanización y gentrificación. Desde el punto de vista geográfico se advierten tres grandes tendencias: un movimiento centrífugoque aleja a los francilianos del centro de la aglomeración; una cierta estabilidad en la zona geográfica donde se han asentado en Île-de-France, lo que denota su apego a París y su arraigo a las afueras; y en una proporción menor, un cierto retorno al centro de la aglomeración. Algunas encuestas han observado también movimientos urbanos; éstos fueron los casos de los pioneros de la periurbanización con el acceso a la propiedad de una casa individual en parcelación y el de los pioneros de la gentrificación en ciertos distritos de la capital situados en los alrededores cercanos. El análisis por generación muestra el efecto diferenciado de las políticas sobre los recorridos residenciales y geográficos. Revela sobre todo la repercusión de los cambios matrimoniales sobre las trayectorias. Aunque lastrayectorias residenciales de las generaciones nacidas antes de la guerra, al igual que sus trayectorias familiares, se mostraban de manera lineal conforme a un esquema que iba del arriendo hacia la propiedad, las trayectorias de las generaciones nacidas después de 1945 resultaban mucho más caóticas según las uniones, separaciones y reemparejamientos eventuales. La propiedad, que a menudo se presenta como el fin último del recorrido, se convierte para algunos en una etapa dentro de una trayectoria cada vez más compleja. AbstractThe purpose of this article is to describe the residential history of the generations born between 1930 and 1950, living in Paris and its suburbs. It is based on the Biographies and Setting survey conducted by INED in 2001 on about 2830 people from the Île-de-France region belonging to these generations. Their residential and geographical trajectories testify to the great moments of Île-de-France urbanization that occurred during the course of the second half of the 20th century, particularly with the expansion of property and the phenomena of periurbanization and gentrification. From a geographical point of view, three major trends emerge: a centrifugal movement that drives people from the Île-de-France region away from the center of the agglomeration, a certain stability in the geographical area where they have settled in Île-de-France, denoting their attachment to Paris and their roots in the suburbs, and to a lesser extent, a return to the center of the agglomeration. Some surveys have also observed urban movements. This was the cases of the pioneers of periurbanization with access to the ownership of an individual home in a holding and of the pioneers of gentrification in certain districts of the capital located in the immediate vicinity. Analysis by generation shows the different effect on residential and geographical routes. Above all, it reveals the impact of marital changes on trajectories. Although the residential trajectories of the pre-war generations, like their family trajectories, were shown in a linear manner in a scheme that went from rental to ownership, the trajectories of the generations born after 1945 were far more chaotic, due to unions, separations and the eventual formation of new couples. Ownership, oftenpresented as the ultimate goal of the course, becomes a stage in an increasingly complex trajectory for some.
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13

Vale, Chris. "Intellectual property rights at France '98." Journal of Brand Management 6, no. 2 (November 1998): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/bm.1998.53.

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14

Pogrebnyak, M. "PLACE OF LIFE MAINTENANCE (CARE) CONTRACT IN MANDATORY LAW." Scientific Notes Series Law 1, no. 12 (October 2022): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-9230-2022-12-275-280.

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The purpose of this article is to determine the place of the contract of lifelong support (care) in the law of obligation. It has been established that in modern civil legislation and doctrine, the approach to understanding the legal essence of an obligation, as a legal relationship between a creditor and a debtor, characteristic of Roman private law, has been preserved. As a result of the study of the doctrinal positions regarding the place of the contract of lifelong support (care) in the mandatory law, it was concluded that there are three positions of scientists: 1) the contract of lifelong support does not have the right to exist; 2) the lifetime maintenance contract is a type of other civil law contracts; 3) the lifetime maintenance contract is an independent civil law contract. It was established that the first position of the scientists was caused by the prevailing Soviet-era requirement for the rules of behavior of Soviet people, which expressed the essence of communist morality," therefore the contract of lifelong maintenance completely contradicted the rules of socialist coexistence. The second position of scientists is due to the fact that this contract was first legally regulated in the Central Committee of the Ukrainian SSR in 1963 within the scope of the contract of sale. It has been established that the life maintenance contract has received legal regulation as a type of annuity contract in many countries of the world (civil codes of France, Germany, Moldova, etc.). The position of scientists regarding the independent nature of the lifetime maintenance contract is explained on the basis of its characteristic features, which are determined by the legal nature of this contract: 1) the purpose of concluding the contract is the alienation of property rights and the provision of material maintenance (care); 2) retaliatory character; 3) real character; 4) bilateral; 5) fixed-term; 6) fiduciary (trust) character. To date, the debate about the place of a life-long maintenance (care) contract in the law of obligations was finally resolved in the Central Committee of Ukraine of January 16, 2003 by separating a separate chapter 57 "Lifelong maintenance (care)" in sub-section 1 "Contractual obligations" : obligation, right of obligation, lifetime maintenance (care) contract, legal nature, independent character.
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15

Chung, Sung-Bum, and Yun-Chul Baek. "The Separation of Powers in France." Han Yang Law Review 31, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 203–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35227/hylr.2020.11.31.4.203.

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16

Alon, Noga, and Asaf Shapira. "A separation theorem in property testing." Combinatorica 28, no. 3 (May 2008): 261–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00493-008-2321-1.

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17

Diestel, Reinhard. "A separation property of planar triangulations." Journal of Graph Theory 11, no. 1 (1987): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgt.3190110108.

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FERRARI, MARIANO A., and PABLO PANZONE. "SEPARATION PROPERTIES FOR ITERATED FUNCTION SYSTEMS OF BOUNDED DISTORTION." Fractals 19, no. 03 (September 2011): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x11005361.

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In this paper we study a general separation property for subsystems G, whose attractor KG is a sub-self-similar set. This is a generalization of the Lau-Ngai weak separation property for the bounded distortion case. For subsystems with positive Hausdorff measure in its similarity dimension, we characterize the subsets of KG with positive measure where the separation property may fail. We exhibit two examples of fractal sets, one not satisfying the weak separation property and whose existence was questioned by Zerner, the other having positive Hausdorff measure in its dimension and with the separation property failing on a subset of positive measure.
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19

Fortunet, E. "Arbitrability of Intellectual Property Disputes in France." Arbitration International 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 281–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arbitration/26.2.281.

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20

Buller, Henry. "Urban land and property markets in France." Land Use Policy 12, no. 1 (January 1995): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(95)90019-5.

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21

Koryogdiev, Bobur. "OWNERSHIP AND OTHER PROPERTY RIGHTS IN FRANCE." Jurisprudence 2, no. 5 (October 25, 2022): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.jurisprudence.2.5./lbpv1572.

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In this scientific study, the civil law of France has been investigated according to the current French civil code. The article analyzes material rights, in particular, property rights and methods of their protection, as well as the influence of Roman law, revolutionary legislation, and norms regulating canon law, for the formation of a new bourgeois law free from feudal prohibitions and restrictions. Also, the peculiarities of French civil law, including the institutional nature of private law and dualism in law, have been analyzed. Although the legal system of the Republic of Uzbekistan is similar to the legal system of the French Republic from the point of view of the same legal family, some differences related to material law have also been analyzed, taking into account the adaptation of the law to the social life and national values ​​of each country. In particular, the concept of the right of ownership existing in the civil legislation of our country is different in the Republic of France, and there is also a theory that such a right does not exist because even intangible things are recognized as property. In addition, it has been studied that in the Republic of France, the acquisition of property rights using the period of ownership is 30 years in relation to immovable property, with greater protection of the owner’s interests, if the factual owner is honest (good faith) and it is a factor that shortens the period.
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22

Bullock, David AC. "A Defence of Statutory Property." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 48, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v48i4.4728.

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In "Statutory Property: Is it a Thing?" (2016) 47 VUWLR 411, Ben France-Hudson argues that tradable environmental allowances, like emissions units and fishing quota, are not "statutory property" and should instead simply be described and understood as "private property". In doing so, France-Hudson draws on a theory of private property as embodying norms of social obligation. This article defends the view of tradable environmental allowances as statutory property – though that term has a number of definitions – and argues that property in tradable environmental allowances can be explained by an orthodox understanding of the law of property.
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Goldin, Gerald A., and George Svetlichny. "Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations and the Separation Property." Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics 2, no. 2 (January 1995): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jnmp.1995.2.2.3.

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Chen, Shui-Li, and Zheng-Xing Wu. "Urysohn separation property in topological molecular lattices." Fuzzy Sets and Systems 123, no. 2 (October 2001): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0114(00)00115-9.

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25

Jofré, Alejandro, and Jorge Rivera Cayupi. "A nonconvex separation property and some applications." Mathematical Programming 108, no. 1 (April 25, 2006): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10107-006-0703-y.

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Broll, Udo, and Itzhak Zilcha. "Capital markets, the separation property and hedging." Economics Letters 44, no. 1-2 (January 1994): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(93)00312-c.

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Goldin, Gerald A., and George Svetlichny. "Nonlinear Schrödinger equations and the separation property." Journal of Mathematical Physics 35, no. 7 (July 1994): 3322–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.530470.

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Borwein, Jonathan M., and Alejandro Jofré. "A nonconvex separation property in Banach spaces." Mathematical Methods of Operations Research 48, no. 2 (November 1998): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001860050019.

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29

Qiu, Jing Hui. "Strong Minkowski Separation and Co-Drop Property." Acta Mathematica Sinica, English Series 23, no. 12 (September 13, 2007): 2295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10114-007-0980-2.

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Boiarchuk, С. М. "Protection of intellectual propertyrights: peculiaritiesofimplementation in Ukraine, the USA and some countries of the European Union (Germany, France)." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 6 (December 27, 2023): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.06.32.

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In our work, we consider the peculiarities of the protection of intellectual property rights in Ukraine, USA and EU countries (Germany, France). Intellectual property is a unique creation of the human mind and one of the important achievements of every developed and democratic country. The field of law in the field of intellectual property is currently in a state of active and unceasing development: legislative norms are constantly regulated, the experience of successful countries in the field of intellectual property is analyzed and borrowed. Taking into account the possibilities of modern technologies, intellectual property rights are increasingly subject to violations, which determines the specifics of their protection in Ukraine and the countries of the European Union (USA, Germany, France). Taking into account the above and on the basis of scientific approaches and legally established provisions, the concepts of «intellectual property», «intellectual property right», «protection of intellectual property rights» have been defined. In the course of the analysis of national and foreign legislation, normative legal acts were established, according to which intellectual property rights were established in the studied countries. Detailed attention is paid to the peculiarities of the protection of intellectual property rights in Ukraine, the USA, Germany and France, and to the identification of similar features and opportunities for borrowing better experience in the protection of intellectual property rights. Attention is focused on the peculiarities of judicial protection in Ukraine under the conditions of martial law. The article analyzes the methods of protecting intellectual property rights, taking into account the peculiarities of Ukraine, the USA, Germany and France, namely, the civil-law, criminal and administrative means of protection of Ukraine and the USA, the organizational and economic mechanisms of Germany and Ukraine, proposed for even more effective protection intellectual property rights and the reduction of violations in this area, to implement the successful experience of France regarding the obligation of citizens to patent and obtain a license for inventions and the experience of the French Republic in improving the judicial system and judicial protection of intellectual property rights.
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Chapard, A. "The regional industrial property information network in France." World Patent Information 21, no. 1 (March 1999): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0172-2190(99)00020-4.

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Chase, Myrna. "France and Britain, 1940–1994: The Long Separation." History: Reviews of New Books 26, no. 3 (April 1998): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1998.10528115.

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Özdilek, Ünsal. "Property Price Separation between Land and Building Components." Journal of Real Estate Research 38, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 205–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.2016.12091443.

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Fukuhara, Kiyoshi, Mina Takei, Haruaki Kageyama, and Naoki Miyata. "Di- and Trinitrophenanthrenes: Synthesis, Separation, and Reduction Property." Chemical Research in Toxicology 8, no. 1 (January 1995): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx00043a006.

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Milatovic, Ognjen. "Separation property for Schrödinger operators on Riemannian manifolds." Journal of Geometry and Physics 56, no. 8 (August 2006): 1283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomphys.2005.07.001.

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Wickstead, A. W. "Spaces of operators with the Riesz separation property." Indagationes Mathematicae 6, no. 2 (June 1995): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0019-3577(95)91246-r.

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37

Choi, Kyoung Hwan, Da Young Hwang, Jeong Eon Park, and Dong Hack Suh. "Meta‐Separation: Complete Separation of Organic–Water Mixtures by Structural Property of Metamaterial." Advanced Materials Interfaces 8, no. 11 (May 3, 2021): 2100184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admi.202100184.

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38

Aizpuru, A., and A. Gutiérrez-Dávila. "On Orlicz-Pettis property." Studia Scientiarum Mathematicarum Hungarica 40, no. 1-2 (July 1, 2003): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/sscmath.40.2003.1-2.14.

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In this paper we study the Orlicz-Pettis property for a Boolean algebra. We characterize the countable Boolean algebras with this property and extend that study to some families of P(N). As a consequence, we obtain characterizations of weakly summing families in terms of the space c0 and in terms of some separation properties.
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Ogola, O., N. B. Okelo, and O. Ongati. "On separability criteria for continuous Bitopological spaces." Open Journal of Mathematical Analysis 5, no. 2 (September 6, 2021): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30538/psrp-oma2021.0091.

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In this paper, we give characterizations of separation criteria for bitopological spaces via \(ij\)-continuity. We show that if a bitopological space is a separation axiom space, then that separation axiom space exhibits both topological and heredity properties. For instance, let \((X, \tau_{1}, \tau_{2})\) be a \(T_{0}\) space then, the property of \(T_{0}\) is topological and hereditary. Similarly, when \((X, \tau_{1}, \tau_{2})\) is a \(T_{1}\) space then the property of \(T_{1}\) is topological and hereditary. Next, we show that separation axiom \(T_{0}\) implies separation axiom \(T_{1}\) which also implies separation axiom \(T_{2}\) and the converse is true.
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ZAPLETAL, JINDŘICH. "SEPARATION PROBLEMS AND FORCING." Journal of Mathematical Logic 13, no. 01 (May 28, 2013): 1350002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219061313500025.

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Certain separation problems in descriptive set theory correspond to a forcing preservation property, with a fusion type infinite game associated to it. As an application, it is consistent with the axioms of set theory that the circle 𝕋 can be covered by ℵ1 many closed sets of uniqueness while a much larger number of H-sets is necessary to cover it.
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41

Hoggart, K., and H. Buller. "Geographical Differences in British Property Acquisitions in Rural France." Geographical Journal 161, no. 1 (March 1995): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3059929.

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Égert, Balázs, and Rafaƚ Kierzenkowski. "Exports and Property Prices in France: Are They Connected?" World Economy 37, no. 3 (December 8, 2013): 387–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/twec.12122.

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43

Murray, Neil. "Property investment and development finance in European jurisdictions: France." Briefings in Real Estate Finance 4, no. 2 (September 2004): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bref.129.

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44

Han, Sang-Eon. "Hereditary properties of semi-separation axioms and their applications." Filomat 32, no. 13 (2018): 4689–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1813689h.

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The paper studies the open-hereditary property of semi-separation axioms and applies it to the study of digital topological spaces such as an n-dimensional Khalimsky topological space, a Marcus-Wyse topological space and so on. More precisely, we study various properties of digital topological spaces related to low-level and semi-separation axioms such as T1/2 , semi-T1/2 , semi-T1, semi-T2, etc. Besides, using the finite or the infinite product property of the semi-Ti-separation axiom, i ? {1,2}, we prove that the n-dimensional Khalimsky topological space is a semi-T2-space. After showing that not every subspace of the digital topological spaces satisfies the semi-Ti-separation axiom, i ?{1,2}, we prove that the semi-Tiseparation property is open-hereditary, i ? {1,2}. All spaces in the paper are assumed to be nonempty and connected.
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LEUCHTER, TYSON. "THE ILLIMITABLE RIGHT: DEBATING THE MEANING OF PROPERTY AND THEMARCHÉ À TERMEIN NAPOLEONIC FRANCE." Modern Intellectual History 15, no. 1 (March 28, 2016): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244316000081.

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At a critical moment during the Napoleonic era, the stockbrokers of Paris were summoned before the Council of State to defend themarché à terme, or futures contract in public debt. Surprisingly, despite official disdain and ample legal opportunity for prohibition, the brokers’ argument was successful, and themarché à termeescaped repression. The defense of themarché à termeturned on the nature of property. To critics, it divided property from possession, severing property from any concrete anchors. Advocates, by contrast, pointed to the inherent abstraction of property encoded in legal norms. These debates helped shape a concept of property in which economic utility, legal validity, and moral grounding converged. As a central pillar of the new regime, this concept of property also constrained political authority. The successful defense of themarché à termeshows that property was a right that not even authoritarian regimes could restrict arbitrarily.
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Jin, Xin, Hui Jiang, Yi Chen, Xin Han, Ken Sun, Linlin Shi, Xin-Qi Hao, and Mao-Ping Song. "A Cavity-Tailored Metal-Organic Tetrahedral Nanocage and Gas Adsorption Property." Nanomaterials 12, no. 24 (December 9, 2022): 4402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12244402.

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Porous organometallic nanomaterials are a new class of materials based on a three-dimensional structure. They have excellent applications in different fields, but their applications in gas storage and separation have not been fully developed. CO2 adsorption storage and hydrocarbon separation has been a challenging industrial problem. Several typical molecular adsorbents have been used to study the separation, but the problems of long-term stability, high selectivity and synthetic complexity of these adsorbents remain to be solved. Here, we have designed and synthesized tetrahedral metal supramolecular nanocage with custom cavities based on the unique rigid structure of triptycene derivatives. Using the unique discrete porous structure of tetrahedral metal nanocages, the gas adsorption and separation performance of the metal supramolecular nanocage was investigated. By analyzing the adsorption and desorption isotherms and the multi-component competitive adsorption curves, we noticed that the tetrahedral supramolecular nanocages had good CO2 storage capacity and good separation capacity for C2H2/CO2 and C2H2/N2. All these indicate that porous organic metal nanomaterials are expected to be a new energy saving separation material.
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Savoie, Sylvie. "Women's marital difficulties: Requests of separation in New France." History of the Family 3, no. 4 (January 1998): 473–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1081-602x(99)80259-0.

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48

Kramarz, Francis, and Marie-Laure Michaud. "The shape of hiring and separation costs in France." Labour Economics 17, no. 1 (January 2010): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2009.07.005.

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Puteri, Erriyanti Samuhedah, and Meliyana Yustikarini. "Pemisahan Harta Bersama Tanpa Adanya Perjanjian Perkawinan pada Perkawinan Campuran (Mixed Marriage)." Wajah Hukum 8, no. 1 (April 4, 2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v8i1.1343.

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This study has the aim of knowing the legal consequences that arise against property in mixed marriage and knowing the legal arrangements for the separation of joint property in mixed marriage without a marriage agreement. Joint property is one of the legal consequences that arise in marriage. In a marriage without a marriage agreement, joint property will be created. However, conflicts will arise if what happens is a mixed marriage. This writing has the aim of knowing how the legal arrangements for the separation of joint property in a mixed marriage without a marriage agreement and what legal consequences arise for property in a mixed marriage. In this research the author uses doctrinal legal research methods. The conclusion that can be drawn in this study is that the legal consequences arising from property in a mixed marriage if referred to based on Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, if the parties do not make a marriage agreement, there will be joint property.
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Hao, Mengge, Shichun Xu, Jingnan Zhang, and Xiaona Meng. "The Supervision Mechanism of Residents’ Waste Separation Behavior: Analysis Using a Tripartite Evolutionary Game Model." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2023 (January 31, 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2551973.

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To promote residents’ waste separation behavior, waste separation supervision has been a crucial need. This paper aims to explore the supervision mechanism of residents’ waste separation behavior using a tripartite evolutionary game model. The evolutionary stability conditions of resident, property service enterprise, and the government were analyzed. The influences of the main parameters on the strategy of three stakeholders were explored through numerical simulation. The results show that the regulatory mechanism of waste separation will reach the optimal stable strategy when the following conditions are satisfied: (1) the penalty for nonclassification is higher than the difference between classification cost and the total benefit of classification; (2) the subsidy to property services enterprise is greater than the total cost of positive participation management. Residents’ behaviors are mainly influenced by rewards and punishments. The behavioral strategies of property service companies are more sensitive to subsidies than penalties. In the early stage of mandatory waste separation, it is important to reduce the cost of residents’ separation, develop the publics’ environmental awareness, and increase the willingness of properties to participate in management. This paper presents a new perspective and theoretical guidelines for the local government and communities to supervise residents’ waste separation behaviors in China and other developing countries and offers useful insights into waste separation management for other countries.
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