Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Séparation de l'eau'
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Lafleur, Matthieu. "Développement des membranes pour la séparation in-situ de l'eau à hautes températures." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31686.
Full textThe release of carbon dioxide gas (CO₂) is becoming increasingly alarming and requires that concrete actions get implemented as fast as possible in order to reduce future impacts. One of the solutions could be the catalytic conversion of CO₂ into value-added products like dimethyl ether (DME), which can be used as a clean energy vector. Unfortunately, the direct catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ isn’t thermodynamically favoured if done in a conventional reactor, because of the coproduced water. That’s why this master thesis will work on an in-situ method to remove the produced water from the reactor. This upgrade is essential for an economically viable process to synthesize DME from CO₂. Despite extensive research in the field of in-situ removal of water, very few seem to be able to achieve promising results at the high temperatures required for CO₂ conversion (≈250˚C). An interesting solution seems to lie in a water permselective zeolite membrane made of hydroxy-sodalite (hydroxy-SOD). According to the literature, that zeolite would be capable of withstanding the harsh reaction conditions while being able to separate water with excellent selectivity. However, when made into a membrane, their water selectivity doesn’t seem to reproduce well. This is caused by defects in the synthesized membrane that are cause by less than optimal conventional synthesis methods. That is why this master’s project address the problem by the development of a new membrane synthesis technique for hydroxy-SOD by ‘’pore-plugging’’, which attempt to prevent membrane defects. This technique consists in the mechanical insertion of engineered hydroxy-SOD seeds at a precise location of asymmetric ceramic support. These seeds are then grown by subsequent hydrothermal synthesis up to the point that the smaller pores of the support are completely filled. That results in a really thin composite membrane of hydroxy-SOD zeolite having minimal number of defects. In order to optimize the ‘’pore-plugging’’ technique, a series of synthesis parameters have been examined and improved for both the seeds and the membrane production. This led to the development of a protocol allowing the synthesis of a hydroxy-SOD membrane having water selectivity (SH2O/H2) of 1.4 and a permeance H2O of 1.26 x 10⁻⁷ mol Pa⁻¹ m⁻² s⁻¹ at 250 °C.
Krause, Kevin. "Caractérisation infrarouge operando des électrolyseurs à membrane électrolytique polymère pour la séparation de l'eau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0022.
Full textUnderstanding and improving mass and ionic transport mechanisms within the membrane used in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) water splitting electrolyzers is vital for achieving improved efficiencies that would enable the use of water electrolysis in sustainable energy infrastructures. A better understanding of mass and ion transport within the PEM are essential to achieving the improved performance and efficiencies necessary for wide-scale commercialization of these devices. The work from this thesis aims to improve characterization methods for measuring PEM hydration using an operating microfluidic PEM electrolysis chip coupled with operando infrared (IR) spectroscopy. This development of this thesis is organized through two parts.In part one and prior to the development of the microfluidic electrolyzer, the experimental setup for IR characterization via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and IR thermography was developed. This setup was tested through a microfluidic chip designed for semi-transparency in mid-wave IR light. Two exothermic acid-base reactions were imaged in the chip to simultaneously quantify heat and mass transport in the microfluidic channel. Concentration fields of each chemical species and thermal fields of the chemical reactions were resolved from the acquired IR images. Experimental results were used to validate an advection diffusion simulation of the chemical reaction within a meshed replica of the microfluidic chip, for which there was a strong agreement between the results from each dataset.In part two, the methods from part one were honed for the fabrication of the first microfluidic PEM water electrolyzer for transmission-based IR characterization. The water content within the PEM of the microfluidic water electrolyzer was characterized through two operando IR spectroscopy setups. The first IR experimental setup utilized a synchrotron FTIR spectroscopy setup, where the water content of the PEM was quantified using IR for the first time, albeit only at a single point. The second microfluidic PEM electrolyzer setup used a broadband IR source combined with other techniques to distinguish contributions from ohmic, kinetic, and mass transport losses while acquiring IR images. Images were acquired during potentiostatic operation for a range of anolyte concentrations. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and distribution of relaxation times (DRT) unveiled that higher anolyte concentrations were accompanied by reduced ohmic losses but higher kinetic and mass transport losses. The higher mass transport losses were investigated through images averaged over comparable time scales to EIS and DRT results, and implied that inefficient gas removal occurred at the cathode. These effects were further investigated through the PEM hydration (λ_(H_2 O)) via three characteristic regions where the adjacent channels were either wet, dry, or a mix of both. The local channel wetness was observed to strongly affect the PEM’s hydration through gradients that manifested between cathode and anode channels.Results from this thesis show the potential of transmission-based IR techniques for elucidating transport mechanisms in PEMs of operating microfluidic electrolyzers. Implementing layers that are traditionally implemented in fuel cells and electrolyzers for gas-liquid management into the microfluidic PEM electrolyzer could greatly improve results obtained from the presented methods. Consequently, IR techniques could potentially be used to achieve the contactless quantification of phenomena such as electro- or thermo-osmotic drag. The findings in this thesis provide valuable insights for membrane characterization in electrochemical devices with integrated PEMs, and will inform the next generation of electrolyzer design
Turgeon, Pierre-Alexandre. "Étude de la séparation et des mécanismes de conversion des isomères de spins de l'eau." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11079.
Full textElgendi, Ayman Taha. "Préparation et étude de Membranes Asymétriques Polyalcoxyétherimides (PEI) pour la séparation de composés organiques de l'eau." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL046N/document.
Full textThe work aimed to prepare co-polyalkylether-imide (PEI) asymmetric membranes in order to get high flux water selective polymeric membranes suitable for the separation of organic molecules from aqueous mixtures by membrane processes. The separation of liquid mixtures (i.e. toluene – heptane, water – ethanol and low concentrated organic solute in aqueous solutions) was studied by pervaporation (PV) and by nanofiltration (NF) using homemade integrally skinned asymmetric PEI membranes. These membranes were prepared under controlled experimental conditions from DMF-H2O solutions of the corresponding polyamic acid (PAA) with respect to the ternary phase diagram; after the wet phase inversion in a water bath, the PAA membranes were imidized by thermal treatment. The membrane physical properties (IR, TGA) were characterized and the related morphologies, recorded by SEM, were used to optimize the asymmetric membrane preparation to improve the separation properties by tuning the thickness of the dense top layer. The performances of the pervaporation and nanofiltration separations were examined in the light of the influence of three sets of parameters, i.e. membrane elaboration parameters (dope composition, inversion bath temperature), experimental permeation conditions (temperature, applied pressure) and solute molecular properties (molecular weight, radius, polarity). The PV results showed that tight asymmetric PEI membranes could well be obtained, giving rise to a molecular selectivity in agreement with the solution-diffusion model. The NF results obtained with diluted organics in water (≈500ppm) have shown that the degree of rejection of the organic solutes was strongly linked to the PEI elaboration conditions and to the solute properties. The molecular cutoff values (MWCO) of the membranes were determined with a series of polyethyleneglycol (400 < Mw (g/mole) <6000) for an applied NF pressure up to 10 Bar; it was shown that the PEI membrane MWCO could be ranged between 400 and 1000g/mol at 30°C. It was also found with some PEI membranes that high permeation fluxes together with good separation selectivity could be obtained leading to interesting performances compared to literature data. Thus, it is expected that the development of these new asymmetric block copolyimide rubbery membranes might give rise to high performance membrane systems for applications in liquid-liquid separations, in particular in nanofiltration separations
Magnet, Cécilia. "Mécanismes de capture de nanoparticules magnétiques : application à la purification de l'eau." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932715.
Full textKuswandi, M. "Procédés de séparation en milieu dispersé : régénération du triéthylène glycol par extraction de l'eau à l'aide d'un brouillard. Etude sur pilote et simulation. Séparation d'hydrocarbures par membranes liquides émulsionnées." Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1275.
Full textTolod, Kristine. "Photocatalyseurs actifs dans le visible pour l'oxydation de l'eau : vers les bioraffineries solaires." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1053.
Full textPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a direct way of producing a solar fuel like hydrogen from water. The bottleneck of this process is in the photoanode, which is responsible for the water oxidation side of the reaction1,2. In this work, the use of BiVO4 as a photoanode was extensively studied in order to improve its photoactivity. The optimization of BiVO4 photoanode synthesis via thin film electrodeposition on FTO was performed. The factors affecting the photoelectrochemical activity such as the electrodeposition time, ratio of the Bi-KI to benzoquinone-EtOH in the deposition bath, and the calcination temperature, have been investigated by using the Central Composite Design of Experiments.Surface states on the BiVO4 surface give rise to defect levels, which can mediate electron-hole recombination via the Shockley-Read-Hall mechanism5. In order to protect the BiVO4 surface and minimize the inefficiencies due to electron-hole recombination and passivate the surface states, ultrathin overlayers of Al2O3 and TiO2 were deposited to the BiVO4 thin film electrodes in an ALD-like manner. A photocurrent density of 0.54 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs RHE was obtained for the 2 cycles Al2O3-modified BiVO4, which was a 54% improvement from the bare BiVO4 that demonstrated a photocurrent density of 0.35 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs RHE. A 15% increase in stability of the Al2O3- modified BiVO4 electrode was also observed over 7.5 hours of continuous irradiation. Moreover, through surface capacitance measurements, it was shown that the Al2O3 overlayer was indeed passivating the surface states of the BiVO4 electrodes. The nature of the BiVO4 surface was studied by investigating the reactivity of powder BiVO4 with a chemical titrant. The existence of surface hydroxyl groups on BiVO4 was confirmed and quantified (max 1.5 OH/nm2) via chemical titration. The reaction of the BiVO4 powder with one pulse of AlMe3 and 1 pulse of H2O showed that there were 1.2 molecules of CH4 evolved per Bi-OH. In this work, we were able to highlight which factors are important in the synthesis of BiVO4, and how they affect the resulting photoactivity. We have also achieved the passivation of the BiVO4 surface states using Al2O3, which is not well-explored in literature. Moreover, we were able to probe and discuss the nature of the BiVO4 surface. This is a very fundamental knowledge and the first report of such, to the best of our knowledge. A good understanding of this important semiconductor surface and its interactions will aid in the design of a more efficient BiVO4 photoanode
Smagghe, Freddy. "Séparation des acides tartrique et malique par extraction liquide-liquide. Valorisation et dépollution des effluents viti-vinicoles." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT040G.
Full textHeinze, Sylver. "Etude de l'électrolyse bipolaire de l'eau tritiée appliquée à la séparation des isotopes de l'hydrogène par perméation électrochimique à travers des membranes d'alliage Pd-Ag." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOS008.
Full textCouffin, Nathalie. "Elimination de composes organohalogenes volatils a l'etat de traces dans l'eau par distillation membranaire sous vide." Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0007.
Full textRoyer, Jean-Philip. "Identification aveugle de mélanges et décomposition canonique de tenseurs : application à l'analyse de l'eau." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933819.
Full textVu, Trong-Hung. "Etude par spectrométrie de fluorescence de la solvatation et de la complexation des ions Eu(III) et Cm(III) en milieu octanol et à l'interface avec l'eau." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13083.
Full textPolydentate N-donors ligands like bistriazine-pyridine (BTP) and bistriazine-bispyridine (BTBP) can selectively extract minor actinides (III) from lanthanides (III) ions and therefore have been studied in the field of nuclear waste reprocessing. The aim of the researches carried out during this thesis is a better description of this family in biphasic systems: speciation in the organic phase and around the interfacial area. After an exhaustive description of the solvation of europium(III) cation in mixed solutions n-octanol-water with TRLIF spectrometry, the complexation with nitrogen ligands iPr-BTP, C5-BTBP and CyMe4-BTBP has been studied by TRLIF and ESI-MS techniques. For each compound, the inner sphere of europium has been described and the conditional stability constants determined. The composition of the organic medium, and particularly the hydration degree of n-octanol, has an impact on the nature and the ratio of species ‘cation – counter ion – ligand – water’. With high water content (representative of extraction systems), the complexes observed with Cm(III) and Eu(III) have the same stoechiometry but the affinity towards the curium cation is higher and consistent to separation factors measured with biphasic systems. The method TIRF (total internal reflection fluorescence) was retained to study the behaviour of europium(III) inside the interfacial area. Fluorescence spectra of europium have been obtained but side signals and the high depth resolution of detection lead to difficulty in obtaining the signal of interfacial europium alone. The selected technique remains promising but some improvements need to be implemented for forthcoming measurement at liquid/liquid interface
Siangsanun, Vorasiri. "Hybrid process : hydrocyclone, coagulation, floculation and flotation for water treatment process." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0019/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to develop a hybrid process which combines withcoagulation, floculation and flotation process in a hydroclone for water treatmentprocess. The development is for characterization the hydrodynamics of this process andto find the optimum condition for water treatment process.The hydrodynamics characterization study is carried out by the numericalsimulation (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and experimental work by Dopplerultrasound velocimetry technique to study the hydrodynamics for the further research.The results are used for validating the oil droplet experimental technique and to be thebasis knowledge to explain the phenomena in the hybrid process. Laser diffractiontechnique is involved for determining the micro bubbles size and also study on theparameter affects to the size. The experimental work of a developed hybrid pilot plant is studied with synthesisraw water and natural river water. The objective of this study is to apply this hybridprocess for the water treatment. The parameters have been varied in many operatingconditions to indicate the separation and the water treatment phenomena such as rawwater characteristic, coagulant - floculant type and concentration, air fraction and inletflow rate
Jacquin, Céline. "Caractérisation de la Matière Organique Dissoute (DOM) et de ses interactions avec une séparation par membrane pour l'amélioration du contrôle des BioRéacteurs à Membranes (BàM)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT063/document.
Full textMembrane BioReactors (MBR) are suitable technology to face one of the major 21th century challenges : wastewater reuse.Combining biological treatment with membrane separation step, MBR produce reusable water through total physical disinfection. Nevertheless, it democratization is limited by membrane fouling that is mainly caused by Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) compounds when the system is optimized.In order to understand and control membrane fouling, tools were developed to identify DOM compounds responsible for this phenomenon.Thus, this PhD work, focused on studying the DOM taken from two MBR fed with real wastewater: a full-scale MBR treating urban wastewater (La Grande-Motte wastewaster treatment plant) and a lab-scale MBR treating urine from source-separated toilets.Dissolved organic matter collected in the first MBR was fractionated by size and hydrophobicity to identify fractions’ fouling mechanisms. Then, filtration tests performed on the different fractions highlighted the role of colloids (proteins) in external fouling (cake) and humic substances in internal fouling. Filtration tests were combined with fluorescence3D (3DEEM) measurements, which is a quick identification method with an easy extracted signal, allowing to define qualitative indicators for both foulants classes.After, coupling 3DEEM with a size separation and quantification method (LC-OCD), qualitative signals from foulants indicators were calibrated. Thus, using 3DEEM it was possible to obtain a quantitative and size information about DOM foulants. These new indicators were used on-site and allowed establishing links between DOM and operating parameters or influent quality, which is necessary for DOM global control and its impact on membrane fouling. These tools highlight the potentiality for 3DEEM on-line application for separation step monitoring, control and optimization
Chevrier, Sarah. "Nouvelles membranes à base de matériaux 2D et procédés innovants pour la séparation sélective des ions et des gaz." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF017.
Full textOver the past decades, two-dimensional (2D) materials have triggered much research interest in membrane science and technology. Nanomaterial based membranes exhibit exceptional separation abilities for constituents of liquid or gas mixtures, owing to their unique chemical species transport properties. In addition, these membranes are a sustainable and cost-effective solution for various environmental challenges, including water treatment, metal recycling from electronic waste, and gas separation. Therefore, this PhD work presents the development and characterization of new membranes made of 2D materials for separating gases and ions. Firstly, vanadium pentoxide V₂O₅ based membranes have shown great potential in the separation of binary He/CO₂ and He/N₂ mixtures, surpassing the state of the art of some polymer and inorganic membranes. Secondly, membranes made of charged nanomaterials, such as Na-bentonite or phosphatoantimonic acid H₃Sb₃P₂O₁₄ (H3), have been used for ion separation through forward osmosis. H3 material exhibited exceptional silver selectivity, which could be particularly useful in the context of solar panel recycling. Furthermore, similar results were achieved using H3 modified phases by cation exchange. Finally, these membranes were also studied in an adapted forward osmosis microfluidic device with tangential flow
Graillot, Alain. "Synthèse et caractérisation de copolymères thermosensibles phosphonés : évaluation de leurs propriétés de sorption et séparation au sein d’un nouveau procédé de traitement d’effluents aqueux chargés en métaux." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20226.
Full textThis Ph-D work aims at synthetizing thermosensitive and complexing polymers for the implementation of an innovative process targeting the removal of metallic cations from wastewater. This process is based on the use of copolymers bearing phosphonic acid groups as sorption moieties whereas thermoresponsiveness allows adjusting the solubility of the polymeric sorbent according to the process step considered. First, the synthesis of various thermosensitive copolymers bearing phosphonated moieties is reported. The use of free radical polymerization or Reversible Addition Fragmentation Transfer (RAFT) polymerization allowed synthesizing copolymers with different architectures. Among all macromolecular compounds, the P(NnPAAm-stat-hMAPC1) copolymer was chosen as the most relevant polymeric sorbent for the process. Sorption properties of this copolymer were then evaluated and results highlighted that the contact time, the temperature, the pH and more generally the effluent composition were the main influencing parameters. These studies also enable to figure out the sorption mechanisms involved between phosphonic acid and the cationic metals studied (Ni2+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Al3+).The studies carried on the separation and regeneration steps of the process allowed the development of an innovative process for the removal of metallic pollution from wastewaters named Thermosensitive polymer Enhanced Microfiltration (TEMF) process. Finally, the conception of a pilot plant permitted the study of the TEMF process at larger scale
Hatat, Fraile Mélisa Marie. "Etude des méthodes d'élaboration et de la mise en oeuvre de photocatalyseurs pour le traitement de la micro pollution bio-réfractaire dans l'eau." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20043/document.
Full textThis PhD work is devoted to the elaboration of photocatalytic membranes using TiO2 nanoparticles synthetized by sol-gel process (titanium tetra-isopropoxyde precursor – water). Sols are prepared in sol-gel reactor with rapid turbulent micro-mixing. The effect of hydrodynamic using 3 T mixers (T simple, T with 3 baffles and T with narrow) during the mixing was studied with k-ε modeling Computational fluid Dynamics (CFD), as well as the morphology and the photo-activity of thin layers deposited on alumina support during induction period. Differences on hydrodynamic during micro-mixing have only impact on the time of nanoparticles stability (induction period). Photo-active thin layers and membranes are synthesized for coupling membrane separation and photocatalytic reaction. Photocatalytic activities of thin layers and membranes are performed with an aqueous solution of acid orange 7. Significant increases of permeate flux are observed during the filtration of water and solution containing dye. Effects of concentration and pH are evaluated on permeation flux and photodegradation
Li, Linghui. "Transition metal based electrocatalysts for overall water splitting." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAX080.
Full textWith the growing economy, it becomes increasingly important to find renewable energies to replace fossil fuel resources. However, the challenges of these energies are that they are intermittent and unpredictable. Water splitting driven by green energy can store energy, which is very promising. Water electrolyzer technologies are one of them, but the problem is that the efficient electrocatalysts usually involve noble metals such as Pt and IrO2. New materials for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts in alkaline conditions have been highly investigated. However, issues such as the lack of stability and the use of noble metals as electrocatalysts still need to be addressed.Our research focuses on transition metal based electrocatalysts, aiming at using minimal noble metals or completely replace noble metal electrocatalysts. For HER, Ni-based, and Ru-based materials have received a lot of attention as electrocatalyst candidates. Considering economic factors, it is a promising way if noble metals and non-noble metals are combined. Based on developing a new class of transition metal-based heterofunctional catalysts that are highly active for the HER in the alkaline medium, in the chapter 2, a novel series of Ni-based electrocatalysts were synthesized by seed-mediated growth in polyol media method. The synthesis was mainly divided into four systems: i) Ni decorated with different noble metals, denoted as Ninoble metals (Ru, Ir, Pt, and Pd); ii) NiRu synthesized in different solvents (1,2-butanediol (1,2 BD), 1,2-propanediol (PD), 1,3-butanediol (1,3 BD), and ethylene glycol (EG)); iii) NiRu synthesized with different concentrations, the molar ratio of Ru/Ni is 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5%, 3.5%, and 5%, respectively; iv) NiRu synthesized with different conditions of preformed Ru seeds (with variation of the heating temperature, rate, rotation speed, and additive by controlling the single variable method) also investigated. The materials were characterized by various techniques: X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrum method (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS). NiRu (2.5%) sample synthesized with solvent 1,2 BD (NiRu2.5-1,2BD) exhibits best electrocatalytic performance, which was comparable to 60 wt% Pt/C. These findings may contribute to further studies, such as X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) to explore the reaction mechanism from a microscopic perspective, on the bifunctional principle of electrocatalysts and better utilization of water electrolysis for HER.For OER (chapter 3), developing a new class of transition-metal-based heterofunctional catalysts is a very promising way. Transition metal oxides are utilized as alternate electrocatalysts by tuning their properties towards high-efficient performance, especially for the tungsten-based electrocatalysts. They have received more and more attention because they are earth abundant, highly stabile, and have unique electronic structures. W-based electrocatalysts for OER water splitting were studied and developed. The different transition metals of wolframite (Fe0.5Mn0.5WO4, Ni0.5Mn0.5WO4, Fe0.5Ni0.5WO4, Fe0.5Co0.5WO4, Co0.5Mn0.5WO4) were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by XRD and SEM. Through electrochemical testing, Ni0.5Mn0.5WO4 showed the best electrochemical catalytic activity, which can compare favorably with commercial reference sample, IrO2. To further study the best performance samples, NixMn1-xWO4 (x=1, 0.9, 0.75, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.25, 0) solid solutions were further synthesized, the optimal value of Ni/Mn ratio is 1 towards electrochemical performance for OER. The chronopotentiometry experiments also prove the stability of samples. This study highlights the potential of wolframite tungsten-based materials as a new class of electrocatalysts for OER
Esteban, Christèle. "Etude des procédés utilisables en vue du recyclage de l'eau ultrapure usée dans une usine de micro-électronique." Chambéry, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CHAMS002.
Full textEvrard, Catherine. "Processus métallogéniques associés aux interactions hydrothermales entre l'eau de mer et les roches ultrabasiques du manteau, exemple de la ride Médio-Atlantique." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00927274.
Full textDougniaux, Grégoire. "Étude et développement d'une méthode de discrimination des alpha dans les bêta : application à l'analyse des radionucléides émetteurs alpha dans l'eau par scintillation liquide." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00862476.
Full textSboui, Amel. "Quelques méthodes numériques robustes pour l'écoulement et le transport en milieu poreux." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00284856.
Full textEnfin une méthode numérique pour le calcul de transport de contaminants est proposée. Les techniques précédentes sont implémentées en 3-D et des résultats numériques sont présentés sur le benchmark 3-D champ lointain du GDR Momas et de l'Andra.
Said, Ali. "Synthèse de membranes minérales de nanofiltration par formation de films minces de zéolithes sur un support tubulaire en alumine : étude de l'évolution des propriétés de surface et des caractéristiques de filtration en milieu aqueux." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MULH6212/document.
Full textZeolites are very well-known materials especially for their controlled porosity, their crystalline structures, but also for the different applications where they can be used (catalysis, air treatment,...) . During the past ten years, a lot of developments have been done on the preparation of zeolite membranes for pervaporation applications. The present work explores new developments in the preparation zeolite membranes dedicated to the filtration of salty water. More particularly, we prepared MFI films on specific macroporous alumina tubular supports used for nanofiltration applications. There are different key steps which influence the formation of the MFI films: the cleaning procedure of the substrats, the hydrothermal synthesis conditions, the use of a secondary growth method for when preparing a bi-layered membrane. A complete characterization of the mono and the bi-layered membranes was carried out using various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, mercury porosimetry and nitrogen sorption measurements. Results show that a dense, continuous and highly crystallized thin film of MFI bas been obtained on the u-alumina support after the secondary growth experiment. The weight of zeolite deposited on the support was also estimated by nitrogen sorption measurement using the method of mass assessment. The MFI membrane was stabilized by pure water filtration tests until the hydraulic permeability reached a plateau. This conditioning step was necessary to reach an equilibrium state of the hydraulic membrane performances. Particularly, hydration of the MFI layer was a crucial step of the conditioning process, which leads to the modification of the MFI surface properties. The hydraulic permeability of the mono and bi-layer MFI membrane decreased rapidly at the beginning of the conditioning process, and stabilized alter 15 hours to reach 1.08 x 10.141113.m.2 and 1.02 x 10-15 m3.m-2 respectively. Filtration tests were then carried out with a neutral molecule (VB 12) in order to evaluate the mean pore radius of the mono and the bi-layered membranes. A rejection rate of 5% was obtained with the monolayer MFI membrane, while it reaches a value of 50% with the bi-layered one. These results lead to mean pore radius corresponding to 6.4 and 1.7 mn respectively. It menus that even alter the synthesis of the second MFI layer, the membrane porosity remains higher than the porous diameter of the zeolite. Filtration may occur at the interface of the MFI crystals
Zgheib, Sally. "Flux et sources des polluants prioritaires dans les eaux urbaines en lien avec l'usage du territoire." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00554932.
Full textAl-Juhaishi, Mohammed. "Caractérisation et impact de la pollution dans les rejets urbains par temps de pluie (RUTP) sur des bassins versants de l'agglomération Orléanaise." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2021/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to characterize urban runoff water at the level of stormwater outletson three major urban sub-basins of the Orléans agglomeration, covering land areas ranging in size from463 to 2257 ha and with contrasted land use. 11 individual rain events were sampled at runoff outletsbetween April 2015 and June 2017 and 10 campaigns were also carried out in dry weather.In general, it was observed that the conductivity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemicaloxygen demand (BOD5 and BOD28), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (NT), anions andmajor cations were found to be higher in dry weather conditions than in rainy weather. These resultsindicate a dilution effect due to precipitation.A mixture of rainwater and wastewater was also identified in the sub-basin of Ormes. Land use andhuman activities in the sub-basin studied were found to significantly influence the quality of the resultedrunoff from rainfall events. For example, in the Egouttier sub-basin 2, the presence of a large imperviouszone (industrial and residential, 40% of the surface area) was responsible for an increase in the parametersBOD5, BOD28, COD and NT.The flows at the outlets of the different water quality parameters were evaluated and compared withthose from the four main wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and those from the Loire. The estimatedloads of the three sub-urban basins accounts for approximately 166.61% of the load of the four WWTP.The three sub-basins have a small impact on the Loire in terms of annual flows (about 1.62% for wetweather case).Two versions of a conceptual model of accumulation / washoff were evaluated to estimate pollutantrunoff; the classical version and a modified version in which the pollutant accumulation parameter has alogarithmic form. The performances of the models were found acceptable for the MES and the COD. TheNash-Sutcliffe (NS) coefficients were found as 0.84 and 0.85 for the two versions at the Egouttier subbasin.For trace elements in particulate phase, the correlation with the experimental measured value wasfound good as well. In general, when a measured flow was less than 1 kg.ha-1, the modified model was nolonger applicable.The first simulation tests of the quality and quantity of urban runoff were carried out with MIKEURBAN, which equips both MOUSE and SWMM modeling software. For water quantity, the hydrographsindicated that the maximum flow obtained with SWMM was always lower than that obtained with MOUSE.For water quality, TSS mass was still more strongly impacted by the leaching of TSS in the MOUSE modelthan in the SWMM model.This work can be considered as the first step of the evaluation work of RUTP for the Orléansagglomeration. It provides a solid foundation for a future monitoring program