Academic literature on the topic 'SEO mergers'
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Journal articles on the topic "SEO mergers"
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Pickering, Steve, Seiki Tanaka, and Kyohei Yamada. "THE IMPACT OF MUNICIPAL MERGERS ON LOCAL PUBLIC SPENDING: EVIDENCE FROM REMOTE-SENSING DATA." Journal of East Asian Studies 20, no. 2 (April 3, 2020): 243–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jea.2020.1.
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AbstractHow are resources distributed when administrative units merge? We take advantage of recent, large-scale municipal mergers in Japan to systematically study the impact of municipal mergers within merged municipalities and, in particular, what politicians do when their districts and constituencies suddenly change. We argue that when rural and sparsely populated municipalities merge with more urban and densely populated municipalities, residents of the former are likely to see a reduced share of public spending because they lost political leverage through the merger. Our empirical analyses detect changes in public spending before and after the municipal mergers with remote sensing data, which allows for flexible units of analysis and enables us to proxy for spending within merged municipalities. Overall, our results show that politicians tend to reduce benefits allocated to areas where there are a small number of voters, while increasing the allocation to more populous areas. The micro-foundation of our argument is also corroborated by survey data. The finding suggests that, all things being equal, the quantity rather than quality of electorates matters for politicians immediately after political units change.
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Putri Rahmaty Alimun, Andris Kasim, and Alfiresi Mamonto. "Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Bank Syariah Sebelum dan Setelah Merger dilihat dari Rasio Profitabilitas, Likuiditas dan Aktivitas." Mutanaqishah: Journal of Islamic Banking 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54045/mutanaqishah.v2i1.208.
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Mergers can be one of the steps taken by Islamic banking in terms of accelerating the development and growth of Islamic banks in Indonesia. This can be seen from several companies that have merged and brought changes to the company for the better. Thus, BUMN took the decision to merge 3 state-owned banks in order to grow rapidly. This study aims to see whether there is a comparison between before and after the merger. It is seen based on the ratio of profitability, liability, and activity. After calculating these ratios, it can be seen that the profitability and liability ratios change every quarter after the merger is carried out, while for company activities the changes are not very visible because the time the merger is carried out is only one year running.
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Watakah, Lilian N. "Mergers and Acquisition and Financial Performance of Insurance Companies." Journal of Finance and Accounting 6, no. 3 (September 21, 2022): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t4071.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mergers and acquisition on financial performance of insurance companies in Kenya. The specific objectives were; determine effect of marketing networks, investigate effect of product merger, determine effect of asset merger and to assess the effect of price merger on financial performance of insurance companies in Kenya. The study design was panel design targeting11 insurance companies that had undergone merger and acquisition for the period 2000-2020. Secondary data covering the years 2000 to 2020 was collected for the study. The pre and post M&A performance ratios was compared to see if there was any statistically significant change in performance of the insurance companies before and after M&A using panel regression analysis. The findings revealed that marketing network, product merger, asset merger and price merger were able to contribute to 33.05% of the effects of mergers and acquisition on the financial performance of insurance firms in Kenya pre- merger/acquisition. However, the four independent variables were able to explain 53.11percent of the variation in financial performance of merged/acquired insurance companies in Kenya. The regression analysis results pre-merger revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between marketing network and financial performance (β =.1240957, p=0.009), product merger had positive but insignificant influence on financial performance (β =.0082009, p=0.207), asset merger had positive and significant effect on financial performance (β =.012258, p=0.048), log of price merger had positive, but insignificant effect on financial performance (β =.0006586, p=0.978). However, post mergers results revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between marketing network and financial performance of insurance companies in Kenya (β =.282855, p=0.000), product merger had positive but insignificant influence on financial performance post-merger (β =.0100136, p=0.199), asset merger had positive and significant effect on financial performance (β =.0179906, p=0.013), the log of price merger had positive, and significant effect on financial performance (β =.0013557, p=0.978).The study concludes that post-merger financial performance was higher than pre-merger financial performance indicating that that merged/acquired insurance firms had improved financial performance. The study thus recommended that for insurance firms seeking to improve on their financial performance, a merger/acquisition would be one of the options to consider. Keywords: Mergers, Acquisition, Marketing networks, Product merger, Asset merger, Price merger, Financial performance.
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Yaghoubi, Reza, Mona Yaghoubi, Stuart Locke, and Jenny Gibb. "Mergers and acquisitions: a review. Part 1." Studies in Economics and Finance 33, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 147–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-03-2015-0078.
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Purpose – This paper aims to review the relevant literature on mergers and acquisitions in an attempt to provide a comprehensive account of what we know about mergers and which parts of the puzzle are still incomplete. Design/methodology/approach – This literature review consists of three key sections. The first part of this paper summarises the literature on the cyclical nature of mergers referred to in the literature as merger waves. The second section reviews the causes and consequences of takeovers; it first reviews the causes, or drivers, of acquisitions, while focusing on the fact that acquisitions happen in waves and then reviews the consequences of takeovers, with a predominant focus on the impacts of mergers on the economic performance of acquirers. The third part of the review summarises the theories as well as previous empirical studies on determinants of announcement returns and post-acquisition performance of combined firms. Findings – Merger activity demonstrates a wavy pattern, i.e. mergers are clustered in industries through time. The causes suggested for this fluctuating pattern include industry and economy-level shocks, mis-valuation and managerial herding. Market reaction to announcement of acquisitions is, on average, slightly negative for acquirer stocks and significantly positive for target stocks. The combined abnormal return is positive. These findings have been consistent over several decades of investigation. The prior research also identifies a number of factors that are related to performance of acquisitions. These factors are categorised and reviewed in five different groups: acquirer characteristics, target characteristics, bid characteristics, industry characteristics and macro-environment characteristics. Originality/value – This review illustrates a number of issues. Prior research is heavily biased towards gains to acquirers and factors that affect these gains. It is also biased towards finding sources of value creation through mergers, despite the fact that several theories suggest that mergers can be value-destroying. In fact, value destruction is often attributed to managers’ self-interest (agency problem) and mistakes (hubris). However, the mechanisms through which mergers destroy value are rarely addressed. Aside from that, the possibility of simultaneous creation and destruction of value in acquisitions is not often considered. Finally, after several decades of investigation, a key question is not completely answered yet: “What are the sources of value in mergers and acquisitions?”
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Yaghoubi, Reza, Mona Yaghoubi, Stuart Locke, and Jenny Gibb. "Mergers and acquisitions: a review (part 2)." Studies in Economics and Finance 33, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 437–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-07-2015-0165.
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Purpose This paper aims to review the relevant literature on mergers and acquisitions in an attempt to provide a comprehensive account of what we know about mergers and which parts of the puzzle are still incomplete. Design/methodology/approach This literature review consists of three key sections. The first part of this paper summarises the literature on the cyclical nature of mergers referred to in the literature as merger waves. The second section reviews the causes and consequences of takeovers; it first reviews the causes, or drivers, of acquisitions, while focusing on the fact that acquisitions happen in waves and then reviews the consequences of takeovers, with a predominant focus on the impacts of mergers on the economic performance of acquirers. The third part of the review summarises the theories, as well as previous empirical studies, on determinants of announcement returns and post-acquisition performance of combined firms. Findings Merger activity demonstrates a wavy pattern, i.e. mergers are clustered in industries through time. The causes suggested for this fluctuating pattern include industry- and economy-level shocks, mis-valuation and managerial herding. Market reaction to announcement of acquisitions is, on average, slightly negative for acquirer stocks and significantly positive for target stocks. The combined abnormal return is positive. These findings have been consistent over several decades of investigation. Prior research also identifies a number of factors that are related to performance of acquisitions. These factors are categorised and reviewed in five different groups: acquirer characteristics, target characteristics, bid characteristics, industry characteristics and macro-environment characteristics. Originality/value This review illustrates a number of issues. Prior research is heavily biased towards gains to acquirers and factors that affect these gains. It is also biased towards finding sources of value creation through mergers despite the fact that several theories suggest that mergers can be value-destroying. In fact, value destruction is often attributed to managers’ self-interest (agency problem) and mistakes (hubris). However, the mechanisms through which mergers destroy value are rarely addressed. Aside from that, the possibility of simultaneous creation and destruction of value in acquisitions is not often considered. Finally, after several decades of investigation, a key question is not completely answered yet: “What are the sources of value in mergers and acquisitions?”
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Jung, Jaemin. "How Magazines Covered Media Companies' Mergers: The Case of the Evolution of Time Inc." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 79, no. 3 (September 2002): 681–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900207900309.
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This study examined how magazines covered media companies' mergers. Specifically, the coverage of three mergers involving Time Inc. was content-analyzed to see differences based on ownership and magazine type. The findings suggest that Time and Fortune favored their parent company in terms of valence or direction of coverage of the merger, emphasis on the company, and amount of coverage. Other results showed the difference in how mergers were framed by news magazines and business magazines.
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Haan, Sebastian, Jason Surace, Lee Armus, and Aaron Evans. "Probing the Build-Up of Stellar Mass in the Center of IR Luminous Major Mergers with HST." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S295 (August 2012): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313005139.
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AbstractInteractions and mergers are important drivers of galaxy evolution, transform spiral galaxies into massive ellipticals, and fuel both powerful starbursts and massive nuclear black holes. In particular one galaxy population, namely Luminous Infrared Galaxies (LIRGs), are believed to be responsible for most of the star formation that happened in the history of the universe (see e.g. Le Floch et al. 2005, Caputi et al. 2007, Magnelli et al. 2009), and hence represent a critical phase in the evolution of galaxies where most of the galaxies mass is building up. During a merger process, violent relaxation acts on stars present in gas-rich progenitor disks, while the centers are structured by the relics of dissipational, compact starbursts, imprinting a central “extra light” component or “cusp” into the surface brightness profiles of merger remnants. Our HST NICMOS/WFC3 imaging program of the 88 most luminous LIRGs in the Great Observatories Allsky LIRG Survey (GOALS, see Armus et al. 2009) shows that the central luminosity surface density in nearby LIRGs increases significantly along the merger sequence, indicating that the gas inflow fuels a central starburst and subsequently builds a compact stellar cusp (Haan et al. 2011). A large fraction of all galaxies in our sample possess double or multiple nuclei (~63%). Half of these double nuclei are not visible in the HST B-band images due to dust obscuration, which implies strong limitations on the ability to detect the true nuclear structures of luminous infrared galaxies at high-redshift (z >2) and may explain some of the apparent discrepancy of the LIRG population and merger ratio between local and high-redshift galaxies. We find that ULIRGs (log[LIR/L⊙] > 12.0) have significantly smaller nuclear separations than LIRGs (log[LIR/L⊙] = 11.4 — 12.0) with a median value of 1.2 kpc and 6.7 kpc, respectively. In our sample, merger (regardless of whether LIRG or ULIRG) seem to be prevalent at two time scales (based on the projected nuclear separation and mass ratio of the nuclei): First, at a remaining merger time scale of 0.3<[t-tmerg]<1.3 Gyr (53% of mergers in our sample), and second, at [t-tmerg]~ 0 (26%), likely representing the first passage of interacting galaxies and the final nuclear coalescence, respectively, with a post-merger time (starburst phase after the nuclei merged) of roughly 300 Myrs.
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Hotokezaka, Kenta, Paz Beniamini, and Tsvi Piran. "Neutron star mergers as sites of r-process nucleosynthesis and short gamma-ray bursts." International Journal of Modern Physics D 27, no. 13 (October 2018): 1842005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271818420051.
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Neutron star mergers have been long considered as promising sites of heavy [Formula: see text]-process nucleosynthesis. We overview the observational evidence supporting this scenario including: the total amount of [Formula: see text]-process elements in the galaxy, extreme metal-poor stars, geological radioactive elemental abundances, dwarf galaxies and short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs). Recently, the advanced LIGO and Virgo observatories discovered a gravitational-wave signal of a neutron star merger, GW170817, as well as accompanying multi-wavelength electromagnetic (EM) counterparts. The ultra-violet, optical and near infrared (n/R) observations point to [Formula: see text]-process elements that have been synthesized in the merger ejecta. The rate and ejected mass inferred from GW170817 and the EM counterparts are consistent with other observations. We however, find that, within the simple one zone chemical evolution models (based on merger rates with reasonable delay time distributions as expected from evolutionary models, or from observations of sGRBs), it is difficult to reconcile the current observations of the Eu abundance history of galactic stars for [Fe/H] [Formula: see text]. This implies that to account for the role of mergers in the galactic chemical evolution, we need a galactic model with multiple populations that have different spatial distributions and/or varying formation rates.
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Peng, Chien Y. "What Do Statistics Reveal About the MBH–Mbulge Correlation and Co-Evolution?" Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S267 (August 2009): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310006101.
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AbstractObservational data show that the correlation between the masses of supermassive black holes MBH and galaxy bulge masses Mbulge follows a nearly linear trend, and that the correlation is strongest with the bulge rather than the total stellar mass Mgal. With increasing redshift, the ratio Γ=MBH/Mbulge relative to z = 0 also seems to be larger for MBH≳108.5M⊙. This study looks more closely at statistics to see what effect it has on creating, and observing, the MBH–Mbulge correlation. It is possible to show that if galaxy merging statistics can drive the correlation, minor mergers are responsible for causing a convergence to linearity most evident at high masses, whereas major mergers have a central limit convergence that more strongly reduces the scatter. This statistical reasoning is agnostic about galaxy morphology. Therefore, combining statistical prediction (more major mergers ⟹ tighter correlation) with observations (bulges = tightest correlation), would lead one to conclude that more major mergers (throughout an entire merger tree, not just the primary branch) give rise to more prominent bulges. Lastly, with regard to controversial findings that Γ increases with redshift, this study shows why the luminosity function (LF) bias argument, taken correctly at face value, actually strengthens, rather than weakens, the findings. However, correcting for LF bias is unwarranted because the BH mass scale for quasars is bootstrapped to the MBH–σ* correlation in normal galaxies at z = 0, and quasar–quasar comparisons are mostly internally consistent. In Monte-Carlo simulations, high Γ galaxies are indeed present: they are statistical outliers (i.e., “under-merged”) that take longer to converge to linearity via minor mergers. Additional evidence that the galaxies are undermassive at z≳2 for their MBH is that the quasar hosts are very compact for their expected mass.
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Knapp, Morris, and Alan Gart. "Post-merger changes in bank credit risk: 1991-2006." Managerial Finance 40, no. 1 (January 7, 2014): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-03-2013-0052.
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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the post-merger changes in the credit risk profile of merging bank holding companies and tests whether there is an increase in credit risk after a merger due to changes in the mix of loans in the portfolio. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use the expected variability of the credit risk of a loan portfolio based on the mix of loan types in the portfolio and the variability of the industry credit losses of each type following the standard Markowitz procedure for finding the standard deviation of an investment portfolio. The authors then test to see whether there has been a significant change in the expected variability (the credit risk profile) after a merger. Findings – The authors find that there are significant differences in both the level and variability of loan charge-offs and non-performing loans (NPL) among the various loan categories. The authors also find significant changes in the mix of loan categories in the loan portfolio after a merger. In addition, the authors find that the expected variability in both the charge-off rate and the NPL rate rises significantly after a merger. Research limitations/implications – This is the first of two papers looking at post-merger changes in credit risk based simply on the changes in the mix of loan types; it does not consider the actual post-merger credit performance of the specific mergers. That will be addressed in a subsequent paper. Practical implications – Financial analysts evaluating banking merger announcements may wish to include the impact of the likely shifts in loan mix and credit risk shown in this paper as they project the likely impact of the merger. Originality/value – This paper addresses an aspect of bank mergers that has not been addressed in the literature, the impact of mergers on credit risk. The results are likely to be useful to investors, financial analysts and regulators.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SEO mergers"
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Dahlstrom, Susan G. "Sex role traits and psychological merger in lesbian relationships." PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3869.
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Much of the literature on lesbian relationships links the positive feminine relational trait (intimacy or communion) with problems of psychological merger (Burch, 1982, 1985; Decker, 1984; Elise, 1986; Krestan and Bepko, 1980). Karpel (1976), describes psychological merger as a person's "state of ernbeddedness in and undifferentiation within, the relational context" (p. 67) . This study explores the femininity/masculinity sex role traits as they relate to psychological merger in lesbian couples.
Thirty-eight lesbian couples were recruited through friendship and acquaintance networks, newsletter announcements and direct solicitation of members of the Portland Lesbian Community Project (LCP). Couples had to have been living together in a primary relationship for one year or longer in order to qualify for the study.
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Stastny, Connor. "Analysis of SEC Budget’s Effect on Pre-Merger and Acquisition Announcement Price Run Up." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1679.
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Prior to the announcement of a merger or acquisition, the stock price of the target company often experiences a price run-up prior to the announcement of the transaction. This price run-up can be attributed to information leakage and insider trading. This paper examines how changes in the SEC’s budget effects the pre-announcement price run-up of mergers and acquisitions. Furthermore, this paper explores the political processes surrounding SEC budgeting, as well as flaws in the current system. This paper finds that with a $10 million increase in the SEC’s budget, the average pre-announcement run-up ratio decreases by 0.3%. The findings of this paper suggest a concrete means of reducing insider trading, dependent on an increase in SEC budget.
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Smith, Nathan, Jennifer E. Andrews, Dyk Schuyler D. Van, Jon C. Mauerhan, Mansi M. Kasliwal, Howard E. Bond, Alexei V. Filippenko, et al. "Massive star mergers and the recent transient in NGC 4490: a more massive cousin of V838 Mon and V1309 Sco." OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614748.
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The Galactic transient V1309 Sco was the result of a merger in a low-mass star system, while V838 Mon was thought to be a similar merger event from a more massive B-type progenitor. In this paper, we study a recent optical and infrared (IR) transient discovered in the nearby galaxy NGC4490 named NGC4490-OT2011 (NGC 4490-OT hereafter), which appeared similar to these merger events (unobscured progenitor, irregular multi-peaked light curve, increasingly red colour, similar optical spectrum, IR excess at late times), but which had a higher peak luminosity and longer duration in outburst. NGC4490-OT has less in common with the class of SN 2008S-like transients. A progenitor detected in pre-eruption Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images, combined with upper limits in the IR, requires a luminous and blue progenitor that has faded in late-time HST images. The same source was detected by Spitzer and ground-based data as a luminous IR (2-5 mu m) transient, indicating a transition to a self-obscured state qualitatively similar to the evolution seen in other stellar mergers and in luminous blue variables. The post-outburst dust-obscured source is too luminous and too warm at late times to be explained with an IR echo, suggesting that the object survived the event. The luminosity of the enshrouded IR source is similar to that of the progenitor. Compared to proposed merger events, the more massive progenitor of NGC4490-OT seems to extend a correlation between stellar mass and peak luminosity, and may suggest that both of these correlate with duration. We show that spectra of NGC4490-OT and V838 Mon also resemble light-echo spectra of eta Car, prompting us to speculate that eta Car may be an extreme extension of this phenomenon.
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Wunch, Rebecca Lynn. "The Merger of Jazz and Twentieth Century: A Performance Analysis of Donald Matino’s A Set for Clarinet." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1196200383.
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Albuquerque, Danielle da Costa Filgueiras. "MFP : uma política eficiente de liberação de memória para o operador físico Hash-Merge Join." Universidade de Fortaleza, 2007. http://dspace.unifor.br/handle/tede/76600.
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Previous issue date: 2007-12-18Mobile computers and wireless communication technologies are already a reality in the modern IT environment, resulting in the paradigm of Mobile Computing. These mobile devices may have BD and their data may be shared. However, the junction operators of the conventional search operators do not take into account the limitations of a mobility-supporting environment, such as a disconnection from the communication network, a narrow communication bandwidth, the battery charge level, etc. Therefore, the junction algorithms need to be adjusted to the limitations of the mobile computing in order to render satisfactory results and execute a search requested by the user within a reasonable period of time. The necessary characteristics for an algorithm to be executed in a mobilitysupporting environment are: (1) incremental production of results as the data become available; (2) continuous processing of the search, even if the delivery of data is blocked; and (3) reaction to limited memory situations during the execution of the search [1]. It was evidenced through studies and tests that the Hash-Merge Join (HMJ) is more efficient to guarantee these 3 characteristics (properties) needed when working with junctions in an efficient fashion within a mobile computing environment. When the memory is at its full storage capacity, the HMJ algorithm releases memory partitions according to the memory status. This adaptation to the memory status determines the best pair of partitions, being each partition from a different source, to be sent to the disk in a way that maximizes the time until the next memory overflow. A memory overflow occurs when the memory reaches its storage capacity. The aim of this work is to propose a new memory data flushing policy MFP. This policy offers an optimization of the Adaptive Flushing Policy (AFP) while keeping the same main goal, i.e. to send pairs of partitions to the disk in the event of a memory overflow. The AFP releases corresponding pairs of partitions to the disk based on a summary table kept in memory and on two parameters: (1) memory balance; and (2) minimum partition size. The summary table in memory contains the size of each partition, the sum of the individual sizes of each pair of partitions of both lists and the total size of partitions of each list. 8 The MFP also releases corresponding pairs of partitions to the disk, based on a constant memory balance and a summary table different from the summary table used by the AFP. The summary table of this new policy has one more column, which states the cardinality difference of each pair of partitions of the input lists. The main goal of this new column is to guarantee that the pair of partitions chosen to be sent to the disk will always leave a balanced memory, while it guarantees that there will always be at least one pair of partitions to be sent to the disk.
Em uma MDBC as técnicas de processamento de consultas devem ser adaptadas para lidarem com a instabilidade do ambiente, assim como limitação de recursos, por exemplo memórias limitadas dos computadores móveis. Vejamos um exemplo: as fontes de dados podem ter as taxas de entregas de tuplas previstas pelo otimizador de consultas, no entanto devido a uma desconexão de uma das fontes de dados da rede sem fio, tal fonte de dados ficará desconectada da rede e por conseqüência, não poderá entregar suas tuplas temporariamente, logo o operador de junção ficará parado(bloqueado). Para processar consultas em uma MDBC, os algoritmos de junção precisam ter as características seguintes: (1) produção incremental de resultados à medida que os dados são disponibilizados, (2) continuidade no processamento da consulta mesmo que a entrega dos dados esteja bloqueada, e (3) reação a situações de limitação de memória durante a execução da consulta[Erro! A origem da referência não foi encontrada.]. Esse trabalho é propõe uma nova política de liberação de dados da memória, chamada Mobile Flushing Policy(MFP). A política MFP propõe uma otimização da política Adaptive Flushing Policy(AFP), usada pelo algoritmo de junção Hash-Merge Join, mantendo o mesmo objetivo principal, enviar pares de partições para o disco, em caso de ocorrência de overflow de memória. A política AFP libera pares correspondentes de partições para o disco com base em uma tabela resumo mantida em memória e dois parâmetros: (1) balanceamento de memória e (2) tamanho mínimo de partições. Esta política mantém uma tabela resumo em memória contendo o tamanho de cada partição, o somatório dos tamanhos de cada par de partições de ambas as relações e o tamanho total de partições de cada relação. A política MFP também libera pares correspondentes de partições para o disco com base em uma constante de balanceamento de memória e uma tabela resumo diferenciada da tabela resumo utilizada pela política AFP. A tabela resumo da nova política tem uma coluna a mais discriminando a diferença da cardinalidade de cada par de partições das relações de entrada. O objetivo principal da nova coluna é garantir que o par de partições escolhido para ser enviado ao disco deixará a memória balanceada, além de garantir que sempre haverá no mínimo um par de partições a ser enviado ao disco.
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Meyers, Patrick C. "Development and Analysis of the Systematically Merged Atlantic Regional Temperature and Salinity (SMARTS) Climatology for Satellite-Derived Ocean Thermal Structure." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/271.
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A new oceanic climatology to calculate ocean heat content (OHC) was developed for application year-round in the Atlantic Ocean basin. The Systematically Merged Atlantic Regional Temperature and Salinity (SMARTS) Climatology blends temperature and salinity fields from the World Ocean Atlas 2001 (WOA) and Generalized Digital Environmental Model v.3.0 (GDEM) at 1/4° resolution. This higher resolution climatology better resolves features in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), including the Loop Current and eddy structures, than the previous coarser 1/2° products. Daily mean isotherm depths of the 20° C (D20) and 26° C (D26) (and their mean ratio), reduced gravity (e.g., 2-layer model), mixed layer depth (MLD), and OHC were estimated from the blended climatology. Using SMARTS with satellite-derived surface height anomaly and SST fields, daily values of D20, D26, MLD, and OHC were calculated from 1998 to 2010 using a two-layer model approach. Airborne and ship-deployed eXpendable BathyThermographs (XBT), long-term moorings, and Argo profiling floats provided the in-situ data to blend and assess the SMARTS Climatology. A clear, direct relationship emerged from the detailed analysis between satellite-derived and in-situ measurements of isotherm depths and OHC. This new climatological approach created a more accurate estimation of isotherm depths and OHC from satellite radar altimetry measurements, which can be used in hurricane intensity forecasts from the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS). The Mainelli (2000) technique of calculating OHC was reexamined to most accurately project sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) into changes in depths of D20, D26, and MLD. SSHA surface features were tracked to determine realistic drift velocities ingested into the objective analysis algorithm. The former OHC algorithm assumed a climatological MLD, however observations show large temporal variability of MLD. Using a SSHA-dependent MLD for the OHC estimation improves the two-layer model by 5%. Upper ocean thermal structure estimations improved by 25% using the SMARTS Climatology as compared to that of Mainelli (2000).
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Stanojkovic, Marko, and Marwan Salman. "Internationella fusioner : En studie om de svenska storbankernas globala fusioner." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24439.
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Bakgrund: Det blir allt vanligare att banker vänder sig till förvärv och sammanslagningar för en internationell tillväxt. Då banker inte enbart agerar som en finansiell intermediär samtidigt som globaliseringen skapar allt större bolag ställs högre krav på banker, där dessa utvecklas mot att vara universella med bl.a. bredare produktutbud och kundsegment. Storbankerna är centrala för det finansiella ståndet och är hårt övervakade och komplexa varelser. Förvärv och sammanslagningar kan inneha en stor påverkan på en storbank vilket kan påverka samhället i en större grad än vid andra branscher. Internationell etablering med förvärv är generellt snabbare och innebär fler konkurrensfördelar än en organisk tillväxt. Dock tilltalar många studier att en extern tillväxtmetod sällan är lönsam och organisk tillväxt bör följaktligen föredras. Erkända forskare hävdar även att finansiella nyckeltal även inte förbättras i de flesta fall. Dock tas ingen hänsyn till om målen bakom M&A är direkt finansiella eller ej. Syfte: Att identifiera de effekter som uppstår vid internationella förvärv och sammanslagningar, mätt i finansiella nyckeltal samt att skapa en fördjupad förståelse för vilka bakomliggande faktorer, motiv och målsättningar anses vara viktigast för Handelsbanken och Nordea vid valet av att utföra en internationellt horisontell M&A. Metod: Metodtriangulering tillämpats vilket innebär att både en kvalitativ- samt kvantitativ ansats appliceras. Samtliga globala M&A mellan 1995-2013 har observerats och bearbetats med kvartalsrapporter i kvantitativ metod, där ROE, ROA, ETA samt ETR beräknats med kvartalsrapporter. Öppna intervjuer med väsentliga respondenter från Handelsbanken och Nordea tillämpas för att besvara delsyftet med kvalitativ metod. Slutsats: Inom Sveriges storbanker kan det inte med säkerhet konstateras att varken aktieägare eller ledningen gynnas av M&A. Räntabiliteten på det egna kapitalet och tillgångarna tenderar att avta snarare än tillta, samtidigt som det motsatta förhållandet upplevs inom kostnadseffektivisering. Ses bankerna över individuellt står Nordea för den större delen av en försvagning i nyckeltalen, men detta är eftersom Nordea prioriterar en starkare förhandlingsstyrka och större marknadsandelar, vilket innebär tillväxtförklaringar som önskad synergi och följaktligen är målen mer långsiktiga än Svenska Handelsbankens där dessa önskar en finansiell förbättring omedelbart. Generellt förbättras kostnadseffektiviteten men inte räntabilitet på eget kapital samt tillgångar i samband med M&A. Individuellt skiljer dock resultaten åt p.g.a. bankernas olika strategier. De banker som dock förbättrar nyckeltalen avsevärt är SEB samt Swedbank.Background: It is becoming increasingly common for banks to turn on acquisitions and mergers for global growth. Since banks are acting much more than only financial intermediary, while globalization is making large companies even greater, the demands are becoming higher on banks where they develop towards being universal, including broader range of products and customer segments. Great banks are central to the financial state and are tightly monitored and complex creatures. Acquisitions and mergers are likely to possess a large impact on a major bank, which later can affect the community in a greater degree than in other industries. International establishment of acquisition is generally faster and offers a more competitive edge than organic growth. However, many studies and scholars claim that an external growth method is rarely profitable and organic growth should therefore be preferred. Many scholars also argue that financial ratios do not improve in most cases. However, no consideration is taken if the goals behind M&A are directly financial or not. Purpose: To identify the effects that arise in international M&A, measured in financial ratios and to create a deeper understanding of the underlying factors, motives and objectives that are considered to be most important for Handelsbanken and Nordea in the choice of performing an internationally horizontal M&A. Method: Method triangulation is applied, which means that both a qualitative- and quantitative approach is applied. Global M&A between 1995-2013 preformed by Swedish banks have been observed and processed with quarterly reports in the quantitative method, in which ROE, ROA, ETA and ETR are calculated quarterly. Open interviews with essential respondents from Handelsbanken and Nordea are applied to answer the second aim in the study with a qualitative method. Conclusion: In Sweden's major banks, it cannot be stated with certainty that shareholders or management benefit from M&A. The return on equity and assets tend to diminish rather than grow, while the opposite occurs in the cost efficiency. If we analyse the banks individually, then Nordea stands for the most of a weakening in the financial ratios, but this is because Nordea prioritize a stronger bargaining power and a larger market share. This means growth explanations is the desired synergy effects and therefore financial targets are more long term than the Swedish Handelsbanken's where they want a financial improvement immediately. Generally, the cost efficiency does improve, but not the return on equity and assets. Individually, however, the results differ due to the banks different strategies and goals. However, the banks that improve the ratios most significantly are SEB and Swedbank.
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Isik, Zerrin. "Network Structure Based Pathway Enrichment System To Analyze Pathway Activities." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612951/index.pdf.
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Current approaches integrating large scale data and information from a
variety of sources to reveal molecular basis of cellular events do not
adequately benefit from pathway information. Here, we portray a network structure based pathway enrichment system that fuses and exploits model and data: signalling pathways are taken as the biological models while microarray and ChIP-seq data are the sample input data sources among many other alternatives. Our model- and data-driven hybrid system allows to quantitatively assessing the biological activity of a cyclic pathway and simultaneous enrichment of the significant paths leading to the ultimate cellular response. Signal Transduction Score Flow (SiTSFlow) algorithm is the fundamental constituent of proposed network structure based pathway enrichment system. SiTSFlow algorithm converts each pathway into a cascaded graph and then gene scores are mapped onto the protein nodes. Gene scores are transferred to en route of the pathway to form a final activity score describing behaviour of a specific process in the pathway while enriching of the gene node scores. Because of cyclic pathways, the algorithm runs in an iterative manner and it terminates when the node scores converge. The converged final activity score provides a quantitative measure to assess the biological significance of a process under the given experimental conditions. The conversion of cyclic pathways into cascaded graphs is performed by using a linear time multiple source Breadth First Search Algorithm. Furthermore, proposed network structure based pathway enrichment system works in linear time in terms of nodes and edges of given pathways.
In order to explore various biological responses of several processes in a
global signalling network, the selected small pathways have been unified based on their common gene and process nodes. The merge algorithm for pathways also runs in linear time in terms of nodes and edges of given pathways.
In the experiments, SiTSFlow algorithm proved the convergence behaviour of activity scores for several cyclic pathways and for a global signalling network. The biological results obtained by assessing of experimental data by described network structure based pathway enrichment system were in correlation with the expected cellular behaviour under the given experimental conditions.
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Fernandes, Rute Isabel Onofre. "Aquisição de PME em situação económica difícil : o contexto da recuperação." Bachelor's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18890.
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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia IndustrialAs PME têm um papel cada vez mais importante, sobretudo nas economias desenvolvidas, já que a sua estrutura flexível permite uma adaptação mais rápida em contextos de mudança, com impacte positivo ao nível de emprego e, até, da oferta. Porém, muitas destas empresas enfermam de problemas, nomeadamente ao nivel económico, financeiro e, mesmo, estratégico, que por vezes são difíceis de ultrapassar isoladamente. Desta forma, as PME encontram na aquisição por empresas maiores, com estruturas financeiras sólidas e capacidade de gestão consolidada, o processo de ultrapassarem as suas dificuldades. O objectivo deste estudo é compreender um conjunto de questões associadas à recuperação das PME em situação económica difícil, abordando, nomeadamente, a natureza estrutural, as vias da sua recuperação, bem como as suas motivações e especificidades das aquisições de PME naquelas situações. Para isso, irão ser explorados cinco casos empresariais concretos. As conclusões mostram que as empresas estudadas entraram em situação económica difícil por motivos comuns, centrados numa gestão deficiente por parte dos seus directores. Esta questão acabou por ser facilmente controlável pelas empresas adquirentes, beneficiando de gestores competentes e das vantagens decorrentes de uma F&A, nem sempre obedecendo aos modelos de processos de recuperação defendidos teoricamente, se bem que cumprindo os princípios subjacentes.
The small and medium-sized enterprises have a role of growing importance, especially in developed economies, since their flexible structure allows a faster adaptation in contexts of change, with a positive impact on employment levei, and even, on offer. However, a lots of these enterprises suffer ffom problems, mainly in economic, financial and even strategic leveis, which are sometimes difficult to overcome on their own. This way, the small and medium-sized enterprises find the process to overcome their difficulties in the acquisition by big enterprises, with solid financial structures and a Consolidated management capacity. The goal of this study is to understand a number of issues associated with the recovery of small and medium-sized enterprises in difficult economic situation, especially their structural nature, the ways of recovery, as well as the motivations and specificity of acquisition of small and medium-sized enterprises in those conditions. Thus, five real business cases will be explored. The conclusions show that the studied enterprises got into a difficult economic situation for identical reasons, focused on a deficient management by their directors. These issues tumed out to be easily controlled by the acquirer, benefiting ffom competent managers and from the advantages taken ffom M & A, not always obeying the model of recuperation processes defended in theory, but performing the underlying principies.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Feitosa, Evelyn Seligmann. "A existência e a divulgação de ativos intangíveis em processos de fusões & aquisições na frança e o desempenho empresarial financeiro." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2011. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/777.
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Previous issue date: 2011-11-10Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
The allocation of resources and the constant search for competitive advantages differentiators to reach best results are always business challenges. In the contemporary context, in order to achieve superior performance, it reinforces the company's need to have, and make good use, of scarce, valuable, non-substitutable and inimitable resources. These resources include brands, customer base, knowledge, ability and competence of the work teams, corporate culture, partnerships and operational processes established, among other intangible assets, usually arising from a long and risky development process. Mergers and acquisitions (M & A) arise, then, as an important strategic action, being an alternative means to obtain and accelerate the accumulation of these resources within the companies. That is the subject of this work, which discusses the importance of existing and intangible assets disclosed, previous to the M & A transactions, their classification into various types, measurement, and impact on the resulting firm's financial performance in long term. The overall objective of this thesis was to analyze how this performance, after a minimum period of 36 months of the event, is related to the existence, level of disclosure and the nature of intangible assets in the organizations involved. One hundred-eighteen (118) companies were investigated in fifty-nine (59) cases of M & A occurred in France between 1997 and 2007; the study reflects a multi-method research, pluralistic, on qualitative and quantitative aspects. Intangible assets disclosure indicators were built by applying the content analysis technique to financial and accounting reports provided by the companies prior to the events, as well as financial indicators (proxies) for the existence of intangibles were calculated. These indicators were initially confronted with each other and later their explanatory power in relation to financial ratios of growth and profitability (for the corporation and its shareholders), which are the analyzed dimensions of financial performance. Many methods for statistical analysis were used in the multivariate data analysis (correlations and factor analysis, multiple regressions) and in the structural equation modeling (SEM), via Partial Least Squares (PLS). A total of twelve models, with statistics significance, were established to express the relationship among the constructs examined. Best results were achieved in the models developed with variables of semantic origin, in detriment of those with financial indicators only. The results obtained in this thesis leads to deduce that, in this study, there are positive relationships between the existence and the disclosure of intangible assets by firms involved in the operations of M & A and subsequent financial performance, measured by the corporate profitability and the growth of the resulting organization. This suggests that the strategic choice for business growth via M & A operations is favorable to the accumulation of intangible assets in the firms, in search for better results.
A alocação de recursos e a constante busca por diferenciais competitivos, visando melhores resultados, são grandes desafios empresariais. No contexto contemporâneo, para obter desempenho superior, reforça-se a necessidade de a empresa dispor, e fazer bom uso, de recursos raros, valiosos, não-substituíveis e de difícil imitação. Dentre estes recursos, destacam-se aspectos como as marcas, a base de clientes, o conhecimento, a capacidade e competência das equipes de trabalho, a cultura corporativa, as parcerias e os processos operacionais estabelecidos, dentre outros ativos intangíveis, geralmente decorrentes de longos e arriscados processos de desenvolvimento. As fusões e aquisições (F&A) surgem, então, como movimentos estratégicos importantes, sendo meio alternativo para obter e acelerar a acumulação destes recursos nas empresas. É essa a temática deste trabalho, que discorre sobre a importância dos ativos intangíveis existentes e divulgados previamente às operações de F&A de empresas, sobre a classificação dos seus diversos tipos, a sua mensuração e o seu impacto sobre o desempenho financeiro da firma resultante, no longo prazo. O objetivo geral desta tese foi analisar como este desempenho, após prazo mínimo de 36 meses do evento, está relacionado à existência, ao nível de divulgação e à natureza dos ativos intangíveis das organizações envolvidas. Foram investigadas 118 empresas, em 59 casos de F&A ocorridos na França entre 1997 e 2007, em uma pesquisa multi-métodos, pluralística, nas vertentes qualitativa e quantitativa. Foram construídos indicadores de divulgação (disclosure) de ativos intangíveis, mediante aplicação da técnica de análise de conteúdos aos relatórios contábil-financeiros disponibilizados pelas empresas antes do evento, e calculados indicadores financeiros (proxies) para a existência de intangíveis. Estes indicadores foram inicialmente confrontados entre si e posteriormente quanto ao seu poder explicativo em relação aos índices financeiros de crescimento e de lucratividade (empresarial e para os acionistas), que são as dimensões analisadas do desempenho financeiro. Utilizaram-se métodos de análise estatística de dados multivariados (análises de correlações, fatoriais, regressões múltiplas) e modelagem em equações estruturais, via Partial Least Squares (SEM- PLS). Foram estabelecidos, no total, doze modelos com significância estatística para expressar o relacionamento entre os construtos examinados. Alcançaram-se melhores resultados nos modelos desenvolvidos com variáveis de origem semântica, em detrimento daqueles que utilizaram indicadores exclusivamente financeiros. Os resultados obtidos nesta tese permitiram deduzir que há relações positivas entre a existência e a divulgação de ativos intangíveis pelas firmas envolvidas nas operações de F&A estudadas e o posterior desempenho financeiro, mensurado pela lucratividade empresarial e pelo crescimento, da organização resultante. Isto sugere que a opção estratégica por crescimento empresarial via operações de F&A é favorável ao acúmulo de recursos intangíveis nas firmas, na busca por melhores resultados.
Books on the topic "SEO mergers"
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Schindler, Clemens Philipp, and Harald Stingl. Cross-border mergers in CEE/SEE: Practitioner's guide. Wien: LexisNexis, 2009.
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Koivistoinen, Kari. Yritysoston onnistuminen: Yritysoston onnistumisen selitysmalli ja sen empiirinen koettelu. Helsinki: [Helsingin Kauppakorkeakoulu], 1989.
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Greene, Edward F. Current SEC and cross-border M&A developments. New York: Practising Law Institute, 2000.
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Jenrette, Rita. Conglomerate. Toronto: PaperJacks Ltd., 1987.
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Commission, Great Britain Competition. Stena AB and The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company: A report on the proposed acquisition of certain assets relating to the supply of ferry services on the Irish Sea between Liverpool-Dublin and Fleetwood-Larne. London: TSO, 2004.
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Strohmaier, Alena, and Angela Krewani, eds. Media and Mapping Practices in the Middle East and North Africa. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462989092.
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A few months into the popular uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region in 2009/10, the promises of social media, including its ability to influence a participatory governance model, grassroots civic engagement, new social dynamics, inclusive societies and new opportunities for businesses and entrepreneurs, became more evident than ever. Simultaneously, cartography received new considerable interest as it merged with social media platforms. In an attempt to rearticulate the relationship between media and mapping practices, whilst also addressing new and social media, this interdisciplinary book abides by one relatively clear point: space is a media product. The overall focus of this book is accordingly not so much on the role of new technologies and social networks as it is on how media and mapping practices expand the very notion of cultural engagement, political activism, popular protest and social participation.
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Waern, Annika, and Anders Sundnes Løvlie. Hybrid Museum Experiences. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463726443.
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"So you're the one getting this gift? Lucky you! Someone who knows you has visited the museum. They searched out things they thought you would care about, and they took photos and left messages for you." This is the welcoming message for the Gift app, designed to create a very personal museum visit. Hybrid Museum Experiences use new technologies to augment, expand or alter the physical experience of visiting the museum. They are designed to be experienced in close relation to the physical space and exhibit. In this book we discuss three forms of hybridity in museum experiences: Incorporating the digital and the physical, creating social, yet personal and intimate experiences, and exploring ways to balance visitor participation and museum curation. This book reports on a 3-year cross-disciplinary research project in which artists, design researchers and museum professionals have collaborated to create technology-mediated experiences that merge with the museum environment.
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Snider, Debra H. A Merger of Equals. MJS Publishing Group, LLC, 2006.
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Grewal, J. S. Failure of the Compromise. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199467099.003.0022.
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On the basis of the Regional Formula, Pepsu was merged with the Punjab and the new state was inaugurated on 1 November 1956. The other provisions of the Regional Formula were diluted or indefinitely delayed. Apart from the ‘Save Hindi’ agitation, Master Tara Singh differed widely with Nehru on three major issues. The first related to their understanding about the number of seats to be given to the Akali candidates. The second issue was the defection of Gian Singh Rarewala to join the Congress before the decision of the Akali Dal in favour of merger. The third issue was Nehru’s all-out support to Partap Singh Kairon despite serious charges of misuse of office. By October 1958, the Regional Formula was dead so far as Master Tara Singh was concerned.
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Williams, Sonja D. Moving On. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039874.003.0008.
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This chapter focuses on Richard Durham's efforts to find a new home for Destination Freedom once it ended its run at NBC. Perhaps inspired by his involvement with the Du Bois Theater Guild, Durham planned on writing “a major play” about Underground Railroad conductor Harriet Tubman. When NBC and the WMAQ radio station announced that they were reviving Durham's Destination Freedom series without his consent or input, Durham filed a lawsuit. Also during this time, his and Clarice's small apartment occasionally served as a gathering place for his politically active friends, including members of the United Packinghouse Workers of America (UPWA). In the UPWA's Anti-Discrimination Department, Durham found an outlet for his crusading desire to eradicate inequality and promote justice. He also championed women's rights issues. When the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), UPWA's parent organization, engaged in merger negotiations with the American Federation of Labor (AFL), Durham was able to set up the election of several black officials to the merged leadership.
Book chapters on the topic "SEO mergers"
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Davis, Steven I. "How Banks See the Future." In Bank Mergers, 113–20. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230509399_12.
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Noussia, Kyriaki, Peter Underwood, and Stergios Frastanlis. "Restructuring, Winding-Up & Portfolio Transfer of Insurance Companies in Distress." In AIDA Europe Research Series on Insurance Law and Regulation, 171–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85817-9_8.
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AbstractInsurance companies often need to go through restructuring for various reasons. Such restructuring can happen in company law through the mechanism of M&A, or under EU legislation via portfolio transfer (see e.g. Article 14 of Directive 2002/83/EC and Article 12 of Directive 92/49/EEC in the field of non-life insurance). This chapter discusses reorganising, restructuring and winding-up of insurance companies, as well as insurance portfolio transfers by means of company law mechanisms (M&A) and under the Cross-Border Mergers Directive, as well as under the Solvency II Directive. It then goes on to discuss the position under Greek law, and uses as a case study the winding-up of Aspis Pronia in 2009 and the transfer of the insurance undertakings’ portfolios. The analysis will allow us to identify that the level of insurance portfolio transfers harmonisation in the EU is not as high as expected, and that a common framework and harmonisation is needed.
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Donlon, C. "The Next Generation of Multi-Sensor Merged Sea Surface Temperature Data Sets for Europe." In Remote Sensing of the European Seas, 177–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6772-3_14.
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Pfoser, Sarah. "Policy Measures to Promote Sustainable Freight Transport." In Decarbonizing Freight Transport, 67–89. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37103-6_6.
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AbstractIn the following chapter, policy measures are developed which encourage transport users to implement sustainable freight transport. First, organizational theories are used to provide theoretical insights on how to stimulate the use of sustainable practices in Subchapter 6.1. These organizational theories are merged into a theoretical framework which supports the development of policy measures for sustainable freight transport. A fundamental goal of policy measures is to eliminate market failures. Subchapter 6.2 explains which market failures occur in the area of sustainable freight transport and should be addressed by policy measures. Afterwards, a set of user-centric policy measures is presented in Subchapter 6.3 to promote sustainable freight transport. A new classification scheme is suggested to categorize the user-centric policy measures, namely carrots, means and sermons.
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Ma, Huan, and Wei Wang. "A Label Propagation Based User Locations Prediction Algorithm in Social Network." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 165–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4922-3_12.
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AbstractNetwork community detection is an important service provided by social networks, and social network user location can greatly improve the quality of community detection. Label propagation is one of the main methods to realize the user location prediction. The traditional label propagation algorithm has the problems including “location label countercurrent” and the update randomness of node location label, which seriously affects the accuracy of user location prediction. In this paper, a new location prediction algorithm for social networks based on improved label propagation algorithm is proposed. By computing the K-hop public neighbor of any two point in the social network graph, the nodes with the maximal similarity and their K-hopping neighbors are merged to constitute the initial label propagation set. The degree of nodes not in the initial set are calculated. The node location labels are updated asynchronously is adopted during the iterative process, and the node with the largest degree is selected to update the location label. The improvement proposed solves the “location label countercurrent” and reduces location label updating randomness. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves the accuracy of position prediction and reduces the time cost compared with the traditional algorithms.
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Gekara, Victor Oyaro. "Union Organising in the Context of Regional Labour Market Decline: The Case of Nautilus International." In The World of the Seafarer, 157–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49825-2_13.
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AbstractOver the past few decades the impact of globalisation on society and industry at the national level has been immense and has been studied and extensively documented in the literature. Some of the major benefits and losses accruing from economic globalisation, particularly since the late 1970s have been debated by dominant political economy commentators (see e.g. Harvey 2005; Held et al. 1999; Strange 1996; Scholte 2000; Stiglitz 2002; Giddens 2002; Chomsky 2017). An important aspect of the globalising process has been the extensive restructuring of production and distribution patterns in search of cheaper resources, through aggressive outsourcing and offshoring. The result for many national economies, particularly advanced industrial states, has been a drastic decline in traditional industries affecting both labour and capital (Dunning 1993; Beck 2005; Perraton 2019). This chapter examines the decline in the seafaring labour markets of the so-called Traditional Maritime Countries (TMN), and the implications for union organising focusing on the UK and its seafaring labour. It examines the creation of Nautilus International (NI) Union via a merger of unions for maritime professionals across different countries in Europe initially beginning with Great Britain, the Netherlands and later Switzerland. This was a uniquely strategic response to declining membership and weakening organising capacity. Some of the key challenges associated with unions trying to organise and represent their members in the context of industrial and labour market decline are explored.
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Argren, Rigmor, Marco Evola, Thomas Giegerich, and Ivana Krstić. "The Evolving Recognition of Gender in International and European Law." In Gender-Competent Legal Education, 261–303. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14360-1_8.
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AbstractThis chapter explains the development of international and European law from a gender perspective and describes how the process from a gender-neutral to a gender-sensitive approach was developed.Since 1945 and the adoption of the UN Charter, the idea of achieving greater gender equality was merged into many international documents, including the first catalog of women’s rights—Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women. Many principal and subsidiary bodies were established, contributing to the elimination of gender discrimination and to awareness-raising on some critical issues which were an impediment to achieving gender equality. Twenty years ago, UN Security Council Resolution 1325 was adopted, due to a global effort to establish a platform as a foundation to national and international policies to ensure greater protection of women and girls, during and after, armed conflicts. International Humanitarian Law, enshrined in the Geneva Conventions, also has rules that specifically seek to protect women during armed conflicts. Also, International Criminal Law has been developed to recognize extreme forms of sexual violence as international crimes.On the European level, under the auspices of the Council of Europe, several international conventions were adopted to achieve gender equality. One of the main instruments, the European Convention on Human Rights, provides broad protection from discrimination based on gender, established in a comprehensive jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. The EU has a set of primary and secondary sources on anti-discrimination, which provides comprehensive protection from gender discrimination and serves as an inspiring model to States candidates and other European countries.
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Swart, J. A. A. "Comment: Sharing Our World with Wild Animals." In The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics, 483–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63523-7_26.
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AbstractWild animals are falling increasingly under threat as their habitats are being disrupted by human activities and global warming. At the same time, we see wild animals such as wolves actually settling in human landscapes. This forces us to rethink how we can live together with other living beings, with whom we share one earth. The contributions in this book section can be seen as attempts to do just that. However, these developments also challenge the traditional ethical approach towards wild animals, concisely worded as “Let them be”. That falls short in the current era, in which semi-wild, contact zone, and liminal animals are recognized. Animals, whether living in natural or human landscapes, all make opportunistic use of all sorts of resources – including human ones. If circumstances change, either due to natural or human-made causes, they will enter into new interactions with their environment to survive. They are nodes in a dynamic, heterogeneous network of dependency relationships that increasingly includes humans. In this chapter a framework is proposed to indicate the presence of wild animals in the human landscape based on the species’ adaptability and their degree of dependence on humans. The framework shows that species strongly differ in their vulnerability and that a diversity of measures is required in a world in which human and animal domains increasingly merge. Recognizing that we do not have exclusive rights to the earth implies an impersonal care perspective for wild animals as fellow-earthlings. It requires the reconsideration of our ethics, philosophies, culture and politics.
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Marco Colino, Sandra. "19. The EU merger control regime and the treatment of joint ventures." In Competition Law of the EU and UK, 427–67. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198725053.003.0019.
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This chapter discusses the application of competition law to mergers, focusing on the EU and the EUMR. In the EU, where a merger (‘concentration’) meets the relevant thresholds, it falls within the exclusive competence of the European Commission to examine the merger. Undertakings contemplating such a merger are required compulsorily to notify the Commission. The test of a merger’s acceptance is that of whether it substantially impedes effective competition in the internal market, in particular, but not exclusively, by creating or strengthening a dominant position. Using the powers set out in the Merger Regulation the Commission may authorize, or block, the merger over a two-stage process. Tight time limits apply. Appeals against Commission decisions are to the General Court.
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Klausen, Jan Erling, Lawrence E. Rose, and Marte Winsvold. "Kommunereformen – en reform uten konsekvenser?" In Lokalvalget 2019, 143–69. Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/noasp.134.ch6.
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The outcome of Norway’s largely voluntary 2014–2020 structural local government reform relied heavily on positive citizen’ attitudes towards merging with neighboring municipalities. In the present chapter, we investigate how citizens assessed the potential outcomes of prospective mergers, in terms of service delivery, local democracy and local identity. Contrary to assumptions about “rational” voters, the largest group of respondents reported a set attitude towards merger although they did not foresee any significant consequences. Because a stated aim of the reform was to counter societal and demographic developments that could otherwise jeopardize service delivery and local democracy, the “no consequences” assessment can be interpreted as trust and support in the government’s arguments in support of the reform. A key point in the analysis is that citizens’ assessments of the consequences of a merger were related to whether their own municipality was set to become a center or a periphery in the new, merged unit. The implication is that perceived distributive outcomes affect support for a given merger.
Conference papers on the topic "SEO mergers"
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Mukherjee, Abhijit, and Vijay K. Dhir. "Numerical Study of Lateral Merger of Vapor Bubbles During Nucleate Pool Boiling." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47203.
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Nucleate boiling is one of the most efficient modes of heat transfer. At the start of nucleate boiling, isolated bubbles appear on the heating surface, the regime known as partial nucleate boiling. Transition from isolated bubbles to fully developed nucleate boiling occurs with increase in wall superheat, when bubbles begin to merge in vertical and lateral directions. The laterally merged bubbles form vapor mushrooms, which stay attached to the heater surface via numerous vapor stems. The present study is performed to numerically analyze the bubble dynamics and heat transfer associated with lateral bubble merger during transition from partial to fully developed nucleate boiling. The complete Navier-Stokes equations in three dimensions along with the continuity and energy equations are solved using the SIMPLE method. The liquid vapor interface is captured using the Level-Set technique. Calculations are carried out for multiple bubble-merger in a line and also in a plane and the bubble dynamics and wall heat transfer are compared to that for a single bubble. The results show that the merger process significantly increases the overall wall heat transfer. It is also found that the orientation of the bubbles strongly influences different heat transfer mechanisms.
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Ciribelli, Luan Reis, João Pedro Lima, Heleno de S. Campos Junior, Márcio de Oliveira Barros, André van der Hoek, Leonardo Gresta Paulino Murta, and Gleiph Ghiotto. "Merge Nature: a tool to support research about merge conflicts." In Workshop de Visualização, Evolução e Manutenção de Software. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/vem.2022.226216.
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The modern software development model requires concurrent programming to create more complex programs. As such, existing approaches are able to track and merge the changes made on a code repository, allowing more developers to work collaboratively. Despite these solutions, 10% to 20% of all merges result in conflicts, such as when changes are made on the same file region. Existing studies have analyzed, prevented, predicted, and even automatically resolved merge conflicts. However, they are usually focused on a specific language or on language-independent information from the source-code lines involved in the conflict. This situation hinders the generalization of results. To enrich the information to be used by further studies about merges, we present the Merge Nature Tool, which recreates all project merges and extracts characteristics from conflicts, such as the resolutions adopted by developers, and the language constructs involved in the conflict for Java, C++, and Python files. The tool was evaluated regarding reproducibility and generalization. It was able to reproduce 87.75% of the results of a previous study. The differences can be explained by newly introduced features. On the other hand, regarding generalization, the tool was used to analyze a set of 100 merges from Python projects. The merges were analyzed manually to ensure the reliability of the results. We found that 100% of the data matched the expected result. We expect this tool to facilitate future work regarding merge conflicts. For instance, it may allow comparing the characteristics of merge conflicts from different programming languages.
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Dose, Thies, and Gunar Kachel. "Business-Oriented Reserves and Resource Management - Experiences from a Merger." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206322-ms.
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Abstract In May 2019, the merger between Wintershall GmbH and DEA Deutsche Erdoel AG was closed, which was the start of Wintershall Dea.This paper provides detailed insight into managing reserves and resource information during this merger. After merger, three resource management activities required attention: (i) combining existing resources reporting, (ii) defining a lean but effective resources management and control system, and (iii) ensuring readiness for Initial Public Offering (IPO) by establishing an external independent evaluation of resources ("external resource audit"). This paper describes objectives, challenges and solutions on reserves and resources reporting of the new company. The merged reserves and resources database of the previous year's reports had to consider audits from two different reporting systems in parallel to four different external auditors.With priorities defined by status of external auditing, operatorship and asset share a common database was derived and could immediately be used for financial transactions such as the issuance of an inaugural bond. The new system for internal reporting of petroleum resources provides a fit-for-purpose approach, such as a consistent interpretation of commerciality criteria or definition of resources sub-classes.Particular attention was paid to synergies with respect to business planning, strategic portfolio analysis, and a link to technology & innovation. By defining specific attributes and sub-processes, the portfolio can be analyzed systematically. This provides additional insights and ensures synergies with business planning, strategic planning as well as internal technology initiatives. A systematic resource control system is defined focusing on internal review, external and internal audits as well as synergetic use of project reviews. Moreover, a feedback loop for continuous improvement of reservoir management allows attending to important audit observations. The external resource audit to ensure IPO readiness was structured to assign tasks for head office, business units and auditing company.The sequence of events from introduction to assets to reconciliation of differences between auditor and company was set-up, executed and monitored.Focus was on the definition of a structured but agile approach for external independent evaluation of all reserves and contingent resources.
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Cao, Laisheng, Yingxin Xu, and Jingbo Yu. "Facies analysis with merged 3D seismic data." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2005. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2144432.
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Mahapatra, Sailendra N., and Matthias G. Imhof. "Steam effect on a merged 3D seismic dataset." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2008. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3063707.
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Oceanak, Scott, and Brian Baker. "Development, Design, and Testing of a Standard Gas Turbine Control." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53317.
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This paper outlines the key elements in the development and design of a standard digital control for use in fuel metering control of a gas turbine. A definition and understanding of standard versus custom controls will be presented. The major components or design steps, including digital control hardware, software programming algorithms and modeling/simulation tools for testing, will be discussed. The implementation of a flexible I/O layout, a multi-tiered software architecture and user-friendly control configurability will be introduced. These features allow the standard gas turbine control functionality to be extended to address unique user requirements without directly modifying the standard program. Recent trends in the gas turbine market have included mergers and acquisitions of many OEM suppliers. This has prompted the need for a control system that can be quickly and easily reconfigured to accommodate differences in gas turbine manufacturers’ designs. An important element for success is the understanding that this work is done by service providers at various levels of the supply chain, including OEMs, generator or compressor equipment packagers, and gas turbine retrofitters. This offering details the control development and design process and emphasizes the critical need for high fidelity modeling and simulation tools to promote robust initial control software design. It also highlights the additional value of leveraging this work to support control software application changes that evolve over the lifecycle of the control product.
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Al‐Inaizi, Samir, Ralph Bridle, and Nader Nakhla. "Comparison of pre and post‐stack super‐merge of ten 3D blocks." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2004. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1843308.
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Xiao, Zhenpeng, Xia Liu, Hua Han, Qiwei Xie, and Lijun Shen. "Watershed learning merge tree used for segmenting neurons in SEM images." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icma.2017.8016062.
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Wang, I.-Hsin, and Shen-Iuan Liu. "A 4-bit 10GSample/sec flash ADC with merged interpolation and reference voltage." In 2008 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asscc.2008.4708806.
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Saha, K., S. N. Singh, and V. Seshadri. "Influence of Inlet Shape on Twin Intake Duct Performance." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68056.
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Performance of twin intake ducts with different inlet shapes has been analyzed using a commercial CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code. The performance has been evaluated for incompressible flow at a fixed Reynolds number (1.4×105). The shapes studied are rectangular (Aspect ratio = 2), square, semicircular, elliptic-1, elliptic-2 (inverse-elliptic) and oval shape with all the other geometrical parameters remaining same. The performance of the twin intake ducts in terms of the static pressure recovery coefficient, total pressure loss coefficient and distortion coefficient, and the secondary motion at the merging plane and the downstream planes show that the inverse elliptic shape is the best followed by semi-circular inlet. The vectors plots of secondary motion at the merging plane and downstream have shown the presence of twin pairs of vortical motion possibly caused by the change in centerline curvature. The cross flow vector plots also show four distinct vortices after merger.
Reports on the topic "SEO mergers"
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Dahlstrom, Susan. Sex role traits and psychological merger in lesbian relationships. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5753.
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Shaw, J. Preliminary notes on the marine geology off southwest Newfoundland, based on a merged multibeam/LIDAR data set. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/290202.
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Sembler, Jose Ignacio, Regina Legarreta, Ernesto Cuestas, Roni Szwedzki, Sumiko Andrade Sakaguchi, Damian Galinsky, Fernando Barbosa, et al. Approach Paper: Evaluation of IDB Invest. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004463.
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This approach paper defines the objectives, scope, and methodology for the evaluation of IDB Invest by the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE). At the 2015 annual meeting in Busan, the Boards of Governors of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the Inter-American Investment Corporation (IIC) decided to consolidate the IDB Group's private sector operations into the IIC. This decision was accompanied by a US$2.03 billion capital increase for the IIC over a 10-year period (2016-2025). This process of consolidation and capitalization, known as the private sector merge-out, took effect on 1 January 2016. In 2017, OVE completed a midterm review of implementation of the private sector merge-out to identify emerging lessons that might be helpful in completing the merge-out. In November 2017, the IIC was rebranded as IDB Invest. At the request of the Boards of Executive Directors of the IDB and IDB Invest, this evaluation was included in OVE's 2021-2022 work program. The Busan Resolution set forth a “Renewed Vision” for promoting development through the private sector. This Renewed Vision provides a long-term framework (2016-2025) for IDB Invest and focuses on strengthening development effectiveness, development impact, and additionality of operations, as well as maximizing the efficient use of resources and synergies between the IDB Group's public and private sector activities. The merge-out was selected as the way to implement this Renewed Vision. The challenges posed by the COVID-19 health crisis, as well as current discussions on the need to pursue a new business model for the institution and its financial and operational implications, make this an ideal moment to take stock of lessons learned and provide input for future discussions at the corporate level. Against this backdrop, this evaluation seeks to report independently to the Boards of Executive Directors of the IDB and IDB Invest on the effectiveness of the implementation to date of the Renewed Vision that gave rise to the creation of IDB Invest. This evaluation will also use the findings of OVE's 2017 midterm review of implementation of the merge-out to further analyze areas that had not yet matured at that time (e.g., finance, operations management, development effectiveness, etc.). The evaluation will cover the period from January 2016 (when the merge-out took effect) to December 2021.
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Lever, James, Austin Lines, Susan Taylor, Garrett Hoch, Emily Asenath-Smith, and Devinder Sodhi. Revisiting mechanics of ice–skate friction : from experiments at a skating rink to a unified hypothesis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42642.
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The mechanics underlying ice–skate friction remain uncertain despite over a century of study. In the 1930s, the theory of self-lubrication from frictional heat supplanted an earlier hypothesis that pressure melting governed skate friction. More recently, researchers have suggested that a layer of abraded wear particles or the presence of quasi-liquid molecular layers on the surface of ice could account for its slipperiness. Here, we assess the dominant hypotheses proposed to govern ice– skate friction and describe experiments conducted in an indoor skating rink aimed to provide observations to test these hypotheses. Our results indicate that the brittle failure of ice under rapid compression plays a strong role. Our observations did not confirm the presence of full contact water films and are more consistent with the presence of lubricating ice-rich slurries at discontinuous high-pressure zones (HPZs). The presence of ice-rich slurries supporting skates through HPZs merges pressure-melting, abrasion and lubricating films as a unified hypothesis for why skates are so slippery across broad ranges of speeds, temperatures and normal loads. We suggest tribometer experiments to overcome the difficulties of investigating these processes during actual skating trials.
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Ferrare, Richard A., Tyler Thorsen, Marian Clayton, Detlef Muller, Eduard Chemyakin, Sharon Burton, John Goldsmith, et al. Vertically Resolved Retrievals of Aerosol Concentrations and Effective Radii from the DOE Combined HSRL and Raman lidar Measurement Study (CHARMS) Merged High-Spectral-Resolution Lidar-Raman Lidar Data Set. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1413741.
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Mohammadian, Abolfazl, Amir Bahador Parsa, Homa Taghipour, Amir Davatgari, and Motahare Mohammadi. Best Practice Operation of Reversible Express Lanes for the Kennedy Expressway. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-033.
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Reversible lanes in Chicago’s Kennedy Expressway are an available infrastructure that can significantly improve traffic performance; however, a special focus on congestion management is required to improve their operation. This research project aims to evaluate and improve the operation of reversible lanes in the Kennedy Expressway. The Kennedy Expressway is a nearly 18-mile-long freeway in Chicago, Illinois, that connects in the southeast to northwest direction between the West Loop and O’Hare International Airport. There are two approximately 8-mile reversible lanes in the Kennedy Expressway’s median, where I-94 merges into I-90, and there are three entrance gates in each direction of this corridor. The purpose of the reversible lanes is to help the congested direction of the Kennedy Expressway increase its traffic flow and decrease the delay in the whole corridor. Currently, experts in a control location switch the direction of the reversible lanes two to three times per day by observing real-time traffic conditions captured by a traffic surveillance camera. In general, inbound gates are opened and outbound gates are closed around midnight because morning traffic is usually heavier toward the central city neighborhoods. In contrast, evening peak-hour traffic is usually heavier toward the outbound direction, so the direction of the reversible lanes is switched from inbound to outbound around noon. This study evaluates the Kennedy Expressway’s current reversing operation. Different indices are generated for the corridor to measure the reversible lanes’ performance, and a data-driven approach is selected to find the best time to start the operation. Subsequently, real-time and offline instruction for the operation of the reversible lanes is provided through employing deep learning and statistical techniques. In addition, an offline timetable is also provided through an optimization technique. Eventually, integration of the data-driven and optimization techniques results in the best practice operation of the reversible lanes.
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Kahima, Samuel, Solomon Rukundo, and Victor Phillip Makmot. Tax Certainty? The Private Rulings Regime in Uganda in Comparative Perspective. Institute of Development Studies, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.001.
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Taxpayers sometimes engage in complex transactions with uncertain tax treatment, such as mergers, acquisitions, demergers and spin-offs. With the rise of global value chains and proliferation of multinational corporations, these transactions increasingly involve transnational financial arrangements and cross-border dealings, making tax treatment even more uncertain. If improperly structured, such transactions could have costly tax consequences. One approach to dealing with this uncertainty is to create a private rulings regime, whereby a taxpayer applies for a private ruling by submitting a statement detailing the transaction (proposed or completed) to the tax authority. The tax authority interprets and applies the tax laws to the requesting taxpayer’s specific set of facts in a written private ruling. The private ruling offers taxpayers certainty as to how the tax authority views the transaction, and the tax treatment the taxpayer can expect based on the specific facts presented. Private rulings are a common feature of many tax systems around the world, and their main goal is to promote tax certainty and increase investor confidence in the tax system. This is especially important in a developing country like Uganda, whose tax laws are often amended and may not anticipate emerging transnational tax issues. Private rulings in Uganda may be applied for in writing prior to or after engaging in the transaction. The Tax Procedures Code Act (TPCA), which provides for private rulings, requires applicants to make a full and true disclosure of the transaction before a private ruling may be issued. This paper evaluates the Ugandan private rulings regime, offering a comparative perspective by highlighting similarities and contrasts between the Ugandan regime and that of other jurisdictions, including the United States, Australia, South Africa and Kenya. The Ugandan private rulings regime has a number of strengths. It is not just an administrative measure as in some jurisdictions, but is based on statute. Rulings are issued from a central office – instead of different district offices, which may result in conflicting rulings. Rather than an elaborate appeals process, the private ruling is only binding on the URA and not on the taxpayer, so a dissatisfied taxpayer can simply ignore the ruling. The URA team that handles private rulings has diverse professional backgrounds, which allows for a better understanding of applications. There are, however, a number of limitations of the Ugandan private rulings system. The procedure of revocation of a private ruling is uncertain. Private rulings are not published, which makes them a form of ‘secret law’. There is no fee for private rulings, which contributes to a delay in the process of issuing one. There is understaffing in the unit that handles private rulings. Finally, there remains a very high risk of bias against the taxpayer because the unit is answerable to a Commissioner whose chief mandate is collection of revenue. A reform of the private rulings regime is therefore necessary, and this would include clarifying the circumstances under which revocation may occur, introducing an application fee, increasing the staffing of the unit responsible, and placing the unit under a Commissioner who does not have a collection mandate. While the private rulings regime in Uganda has shortcomings, it remains an essential tool in supporting investor confidence in the tax regime.
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Yilmaz, Ihsan, and Kainat Shakil. Religious Populism and Vigilantism: The Case of the Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/pp0001.
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Religious populism and radicalism are hardly new to Pakistan. Since its birth in 1947, the country has suffered through an ongoing identity crisis. Under turbulent political conditions, religion has served as a surrogate identity for Pakistan, masking the country’s evident plurality, and over the years has come to dominate politics. Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan (TLP) is the latest face of religious extremism merged with populist politics. Nevertheless, its sporadic rise from a national movement defending Pakistan’s notorious blasphemy laws to a “pious” party is little understood. This paper draws on a collection of primary and secondary sources to piece together an account of the party’s evolution that sheds light on its appeal to “the people” and its marginalization and targeting of the “other.” The analysis reveals that the TLP has evolved from a proxy backed by the establishment against the mainstream parties to a full-fledged political force in its own right. Its ability to relate to voters via its pious narrative hinges on exploiting the emotional insecurities of the largely disenfranchised masses. With violence legitimized under the guise of religion, “the people” are afforded a new sense of empowerment. Moreover, the party’s rhetoric has given rise to a vigilante-style mob culture so much so that individuals inspired by this narrative have killed in plain sight without remorse. To make matters worse, the incumbent government of Imran Khan — itself a champion of Islamist rhetoric — has made repeated concessions and efforts to appease the TLP that have only emboldened the party. Today, the TLP poses serious challenges to Pakistan’s long-standing, if fragile, pluralistic social norms and risks tipping the country into an even deadlier cycle of political radicalization.
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Niles, John S., and J. M. Pogodzinski. Steps to Supplement Park-and-Ride Public Transit Access with Ride-and-Ride Shuttles. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1950.
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Public transit ridership in California declined in the five years before the pandemic of 2020–21 and dropped significantly further after the pandemic began. A sharp downward step in the level of transit boarding occurred after February 2020, and continues to the date of this report as a result of the public-health guidance on social distancing, expanded work-at-home, and a travel mode shift from public transit to private cars. A critical issue has come to the foreground of public transportation policy, namely, how to increase the quality and geographic reach of transit service to better serve the essential trips of mobility disadvantaged citizens who do not have access to private vehicle travel. The research focus of this report is an examination of the circumstances where fixed route bus route service could cost-effectively be replaced by on-demand microtransit, with equivalent overall zone-level efficiency and a higher quality of complete trip service. Research methods were reviews of documented agency experience, execution of simple simulations, and sketch-level analysis of 2019 performance reported in the National Transit Database. Available evidence is encouraging and suggestive, but not conclusive. The research found that substitutions of flexible microtransit for fixed route buses are already being piloted across the U.S., with promising performance results. The findings imply that action steps could be taken in California to expand and refine an emphasis on general purpose microtransit in corridors and zones with a relatively high fraction of potential travelers who are mobility disadvantaged, and where traditional bus routes are capturing fewer than 15 boardings per vehicle hour. To be sufficiently productive as fixed route replacements, microtransit service technologies in the same or larger zones need to be capable of achieving vehicle boardings of five per hour, a challenge worth addressing with technology applications. Delivery of microtransit service can be undertaken through contracts with a growing set of private sector firms, which are developing processes to merge general purpose customers with those now assigned to ADA-required paratransit and Medi-Cal-supported non-emergency medical transport.