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Válek, Vít. "Flexibilní bezdrátový systém pro měření CO2 v budově." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442452.
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Monitoring of the carbon dioxide concentration in the building is carried out for several reasons. One is to ensure hygiene conditions. With the advent of Bluetooth 5.0 came the support of mesh network technology, which is defined by the Bluetooth Mesh standard. By implementing this standard, we can create an extensive network of devices monitoring the concentration of carbon dioxide in the building. Based on the monitored concentration, we can control the air conditioning and ventilation of the spaces, ensuring that the hygiene conditions are met. Thanks to the compatibility of Bluetooth Mesh with Bluetooth Low Energy, it is possible to access individual nodes, e.g. from a mobile phone. The aim of this work is to design and implement a measuring system whose elements will communicate with each other using Bluetooth Mesh wireless technology.
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Peňák, Vlastimil. "Návrh kontrolního přípravku pro plastový výrobek interiéru osobního vozidla." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241711.
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This diploma thesis deals with the development, disign and manufacturing inspection device that is able to detect the presence of components in the assembly of the plastic molding. Evaluation of information are indicated by the operator device and sent for further processing. Rechecked product will be marked with a uniquemark.
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Machýček, David. "Konstrukce bioinkubátoru pro transport buněčných kultur." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230378.
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In a research part, this diploma thesis deals with dividing incubators into groups according to their kind of use. From the groups biological incubators have been chosen to describe their construction, to explain possibilities of doing sampling and temperature and CO2 control. The research part is concluded by an overview of biological transport incubators for a transfer of cell cultures. In the part of the thesis which deals with a new construction solution some variations are suggested. The most suitable variation has been chosen after a structural technological description, and it is further described in a constructional solution. The frame of the incubator is made from aluminium alloy and is controlled by FEM. There are individual structural nodes being explained and visualised step by step in the construction solution. In the end of the construction solving some information about making the construction and prices of all continuing manufacture are stated.
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Khunou, Ramotseng. "Gas sensing properties of Ceo2 nanostructures." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7909.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScThe industrial safety requirements and environmental pollution have created a high demand to develop gas sensors to monitor combustible and toxic gases. As per specifications of World Health Organization (WHO) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), lengthy exposure to these gases lead to death which can be avoided with early detection. Semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) has been utilized as sensor for several decades. In recent years, there have been extensive investigations of nanoscale semiconductor gas sensor.
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Edmark, Marcus, and Olle Benzler. "Measurement Method Analysis of Photonic CO2 Sensor." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-200580.
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Zhu, Yongming [Verfasser]. "CO2 sensor based on lithium ion conductor / Yongming Zhu." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1019813350/34.
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Nygård, Skalman Jonas. "CO2 Sensor Core on FPGA : ASIC prototyping and cost estimates." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-35963.
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Demand of CO2 gas sensors is expected to continue to increase in the foreseeable future, due to an increasing awareness of air pollution and fossil fuel emissions. A truly low cost and accurate NDIR sensor has the potential of greatly benefiting the environment by an increased human awareness due to CO2 measurements. In the objective to reach these goals, a CO2 sensor core on an ASIC needs to be investigated. In this study an ASIC prototype design is tested on an FPGA and evaluated towards logic resource requirements, power analysis and estimated cost impacts towards a full ASIC. The results show that a potential ASIC implementation would have a very small cost impact on a full system design if the use of a preexisting ASIC design is utilized. Using a manufacturing process of 180 nm, the total logic implementation would require between 0.54-0.76 mm2. The cost impact of such a logic area would be around $0.025 USD per chip. The power consumption of the logical part would also be very small when compared to the various analog components of a full system design.
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Schaeffer, Robson Dagmar. "Estudo e desenvolvimento de um sensor de CO2 de baixo custo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/4199.
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Este trabalho descreve um estudo e desenvolvimento de um sensor de dióxido de carbono (CO2), de baixo custo, para monitoramento da qualidade do ar em ambientes climatizados. O sensor aqui proposto baseia-se na técnica de absorção em infravermelho não dispersivo (NDIR). Este trabalho avalia alguns métodos já empregados e propõe um modelo alternativo visando uma solução de baixo custo que possa ser incorporada a sistemas de monitoramento e/ou condicionamento existentes, permitindo o controle do teor de CO2. A metodologia inclui o estudo dos diferentes tipos de sensores de CO2, a seleção da técnica mais apropriada para medição, o estudo das alternativas para implementação da técnica selecionada, o desenvolvimento, testes e avaliações da solução. Especificamente desenvolveu-se uma solução em termos de sensor de CO2 que utiliza componentes comerciais, sendo facilmente reprodutível e de custo reduzido. O sensor desenvolvido tem faixa de medição entre 330 a mais de 10000 ppm, com resolução estimada em torno de 20 a 30 ppm, com erro em relação ao padrão menor que 10% da medição ou 150 ppm,o que for maior.
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Kuutmann, Hanna, and Emelie Rosén. "Smartphone Capnography : Evaluation of the concept and the associated CO2 indicating sensor." Thesis, KTH, Medicinsk teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-152640.
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Smartphone capnography is a new concept for respiratory monitoring using a colorimetric sensor in combination with a smartphone and an Android application. Compared to using an infrared spectrophotometric carbon dioxide analyzer (IR-analyzer), the gold standard for respiratory carbon dioxide monitoring, smartphone capnography offers a cheaper and less bulky solution. This master thesis evaluates the performance of smartphone capnography and the colorimetric sensor engineered for this concept. Three different techniques (side stream, shunt stream and main stream) were tested. Additionally, an iPhone application was developed as a proof of concept when using an iPhone for smartphone capnography. An experimental set-up simulating human breathing was assembled and measurements, at different breathing rates (6-30 breaths/min) and carbon dioxide levels (2-7vol%), were performed with an IR-analyzer as reference. Results showed that capnograms from smartphone capnography was comparable to those from the IR-analyzer and that the approximate accuracy was ±0.25vol% for up to 6 days of use. Results strongly motivate further elaboration of the concept and the three different techniques for measuring.”Smartphone capnography” är ett nytt koncept för att monitorera andning. Principen är en kombination av en kolorimetrisk sensor, en smartphone samt en Androidapplikation. Jämfört med den dominerande tekniken, en IR-spektrofotometrisk koldioxidanalysator (IR-analysator), så är “smartphone capnography” både billigare och mindre skrymmande. Detta examensarbete utvärderar konceptet ”smartphone capnography” och en kolorimetrisk sensor speciellt utvecklad för ändamålet. Tre olika tekniker (side stream, shunt stream och main stream) har utvärderats. Slutligen utvecklades en iPhoneapplikation för att visa att konceptet ”smartphone capnography” kan användas även med denna typ av smartphone. Utvärderingen bestod i att göra mätningar i en experimentell uppställning som simulerar andning. Mätningar gjordes vid varierande andningsfrekvenser (6-30 andetag/min) och koldioxidnivåer (2-7vol%). Mätdata från ”smartphone capnography” jämfördes med mätdata från en IR-analysator. Resultaten visar att kapnogram från ”Smartphone capnography” är jämförbara med kapnogram från IR-analysatorn och att den uppskattade noggrannheten är ±0,25vol% för upp till 6 dagars användning. De goda resultaten motiverar fortsatt utveckling av konceptet smartphone capnography samt de olika mätteknikerna.
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Zuo, Ziwei. "Fabrication of intensity-based Long-Period-Gratings fiber sensor with CO2 Laser." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54599.
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This thesis investigates the fabrication technique and procedures for producing long period grating (LPG) fiber sensors with point-by-point irradiation under a CO2 laser beam. The type of fiber sensor under examination is desirable to be highly sensitive to the variation of the thickness and refractive index of a thin film deposited on the LPGs, making it a promising candidate as a core sensor component in a biosensor system developed for detection and verification of pathogenic bacteria, such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Francisella tularensis, and so on.
We have previously demonstrated that a UV-induced long-period-grating (LPG) based fiber sensor is extremely sensitive to small variation of refractive index (RI) and thickness of the surrounding medium. In this thesis, we will present a CO2 laser and step- stage system that operate automatically under control of a Matlab program to inscribe LPGs with desired grating period and fabrication conditions.
Examples of CO2 laser induced LPGs have been found to exhibit high sensitivity, with transmissive power attenuation of more than 15 dB at the resonant peak of 1402 nm under deposition of Ionic Self-Assembled Monolayer (ISAM) thin film that is around 50 nm in thickness. When tuned to its maximum sensitivity region, this LPG has shown a transmission power reduction of 79% with the deposition of only 1 bilayer of ISAM thin film at the monitored wavelength. This result is comparable in sensitivity with the UV-induced LPGs, yet with the advantage of lower fabrication cost and simplified fabrication procedure.Master of Science
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Lee, Chong-Hoon. "Study of reversible electrode reaction and mixed ionic and electronic conduction of lithium phosphate electrolyte for an electrolchemical co2 gas sensor." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1073047249.
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Yoon, Junro. "A Study of Interface Reaction of Li0.35La0.55TiO3-Li2CO3 and Its Effect on Potentiometric CO2 Gas Sensors." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1354666091.
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Warburton, P. R. G. "An amperometric sensor for carbon dioxide." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233047.
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Maxwell, Andrew Douglas. "A CO2 measurement system for low-cost applications using chemical transduction." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2002. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001468/.
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It is demonstrated that by using a miniature chemical reaction vessel under adaptive mechatronic control, it is possible to design and construct a low-cost carbon dioxide measurement system. With further development such a system would be potentially suitable for low-cost commercial application, in particular as sacrificial, single-mission instrumentation packages in horticultural cargo monitoring. Current instrumentation systems for carbon dioxide (CO2) gas measurement are reviewed and their limitations with respect to low cost commercial applications determined. These utilise technology intended for laboratory measurements. In particular the optical energy absorbance of CO2 in the infra-red electromagnetic spectrum. These systems require large optical paths (typically 10cm) in order to measure small CO2 concentrations. This in turn has a large impact on the physical size of the sensing system. Of the many applications requiring online CO2 sensing packages (such as medical, petroleum, environmental and water treatment)the horticultural industry is the primary focus for this research. CO2 sensing systems are primarily used in horticulture to monitor the produce environment and help extend storage time. For these applications CO2 concentrations are typically low (in the range 0 to 1%) and the paramount need is for low-cost (and possibly disposable) sensing packages. The basis of the measurement technique is the use of bulk (but small volume) aqueous chemical reaction under mechatronic control. Unlike thin film technologies where very thin membranes are passively exposed to the gaseous sample, here a small volume (approximately 2mL) of simple and very cheap liquid chemical indicator (calcium hydroxide solution) is used to produce an opaque precipitate. CO2 concentration is then assessed by low-cost optical attenuation measurements of the developing opacity of the solution. The instrumentation package comprises pumps, flowmeter, reaction cell and infra-red optics for the turbidity measurement, plus reagent and waste vessels, pipelines and electronics. During each measurement cycle, the reaction cell is flushed, with fresh chemical indicator and a sample of gas admitted. The indicator and the sample gas are then vigorously mixed and the change in the indicators optical properties measured at regular intervals. An embedded 8-bit microcontroller performs the necessary analysis to deduce the CO2 concentration (as percentage by volume) for the sample gas by reference to one or more of five ``Time-To-Threshold'' calibration models. These models evaluate the trend in turbidity development as precipitate is formed. First and second prototypes of the measurement system have been constructed and their (low-cost) components and overall performance evaluated, the first a `proof-of-concept' and the second to investigate methodology shortcomings. As a result the design of a third prototype is outlined. The measurement systems have been shown to work adequately well within expected limitations, resulting in a usable low-cost measurement technique. The current prototypes have a useful range of at least 5% to 100% CO2 with a discrimination of typically +-6%. Deficiencies, particularly performance at low concentrations, are identified and potential enhancements for future prototypes proposed.
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Borkar, Chirag. "Development of Wireless Sensor Network System for Indoor Air Quality Monitoring." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc177181/.
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This thesis describes development of low cost indoor air quality (IAQ) monitoring system for research. It describes data collection of various parameters concentration present in indoor air and sends data back to host PC for further processing. Thesis gives detailed information about hardware and software implementation of IAQ monitoring system. Also discussed are building wireless ZigBee network, creating user friendly graphical user interface (GUI) and analysis of obtained results in comparison with professional benchmark system to check system reliability. Throughputs obtained are efficient enough to use system as a reliable IAQ monitor.
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Lander, Jasmine. "Cost-efficient approaches to measure carbon dioxide (CO2) under different environmental factors such as temperature and humidity using mini loggers." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165993.
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Fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), being a major greenhouse gas, are of great importance to understand and monitor. Findings have shown that while CO2 emissions enhanced by humans triggered the greenhouse gas effect, several significant CO2 fluxes in nature that are climate sensitive may still be poorly constrained, especially those from inland waters and its surrounding soils and sediments. This including different processes such as decomposers degrading organic material. At present, direct measurements of CO2 from soils, waters or CO2 concentrations in surface water, are typically labour intensive or require costly equipment. Therefore, small inexpensive CO2 mini loggers, originally made for indoor air quality monitoring, are for this project being developed further for field use, as a convenient equipment to measure CO2 emissions. However, a requirement is that the mini loggers are stable and robust against interference by other air components, including water vapour, and physical factors such as temperature. Therefore, the mini loggers were for this project studied further under different environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity in a controlled environment. The results were analysed using multiple regression analysis where the CO2 concentration (CO2), measured by the LGR instrument, versus the logger IR signal (IR), temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) were studied. Unlike some previous studies, this project studied a large CO2 concentration interval (400 – 10 000 ppm). The results show that there was a strong regression for IR versus CO2. The regression for both RH and the T was on the other hand very weak. However, there were factors that could have affected the mini logger. This since it was noticed that the mini loggers’ ability to calculate the CO2 concentration was worsened when the humidity was increased during the experiments. It is believed that the cause was condensed water, gathering in the inner parts of the mini logger. This because the sensor chamber had a lower temperature than the hot air entering the sensor chamber from the humidity bottle, together with the CO2, leading to condensation. Hence, prevention of condensation inside the measurement cell is important. However, the results from the analysis shows that the factors; RH and T do not need to be taken into account when studying the CO2 concentration over a larger interval, as long as the conditions are not condensing.
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Sánchez-Cañete, Enrique P., Russell L. Scott, Haren Joost van, and Greg A. Barron-Gafford. "Improving the accuracy of the gradient method for determining soil carbon dioxide efflux." AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623105.
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Soil CO2 efflux (F-soil) represents a significant source of ecosystem CO2 emissions that is rarely quantified with high-temporal-resolution data in carbon flux studies. F-soil estimates can be obtained by the low-cost gradient method (GM), but the utility of the method is hindered by uncertainties in the application of published models for the diffusion coefficient. Therefore, to address and resolve these uncertainties, we compared F-soil measured by 2 soil CO2 efflux chambers and F-soil estimated by 16 gas transport models using the GM across 1year. We used 14 published empirical gas diffusion models and 2 in situ models: (1) a gas transfer model called Chamber model obtained using a calibration between the chamber and the gradient method and (2) a diffusion model called SF6 model obtained through an interwell conservative tracer experiment. Most of the published models using the GM underestimated cumulative annual F-soil by 55% to 361%, while the Chamber model closely approximated cumulative F-soil (0.6% error). Surprisingly, the SF6 model combined with the GM underestimated F-soil by 32%. Differences between in situ models could stem from the Chamber model implicitly accounting for production of soil CO2, while the conservative tracer model does not. Therefore, we recommend using the GM only after calibration with chamber measurements to generate reliable long-term ecosystem F-soil measurements. Accurate estimates of F-soil will improve our understanding of soil respiration's contribution to ecosystem fluxes.
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Bučko, Ondrej. "Efektivní řízení technologií budov s důrazem na měření vlhkosti a koncentrace CO2." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442540.
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The diploma thesis deals with automated measurement of humidity and CO2 concentration inside buildings. Results of this measurement form the input parameters for the effective management of technologies reducing the energy performance of buildings. In the introduction, the issue of indoor air quality of buildings and indicators characterizing this quality are approached. The technical part of the thesis consists of making a measuring device which contains two prototype sensors provided by Teco Inc. with online access to measured data. The measurement of relative humidity, CO2 concentration and temperature in the interior of the building with the made device is compared with commercially available devices for measuring selected parameters. For unambiguous interpretation of online data, the virtual machine with an online database is configured for the created measuring device. The possibilities of using the prepared measuring device to achieve a reduction in the energy performance of buildings are discussed in the final part.
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Santos, Camila Paixão [UNESP]. "Fabricação e caracterização de filmes espessos de CeO2 puro para aplicação em sensores de gás." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144639.
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Este trabalho apresenta e discute o uso do óxido de cério na fabricação de filmes espessos por “screen printing” para aplicações em sensores de gás. Nesse estudo o CeO2 puro foi obtido pelo método dos precursores poliméricos utilizando como resina precursora o citrato de céria. O “puff” – espuma resultante da primeira fase do tratamento térmico da resina- foi calcinado a 550, 600, 700 e 750°C. O pó foi caracterizado por termogravimetria (TG) e as propriedades estruturais, morfológicas foram avaliadas por difratometria de raios X (DRX), espectroscopia Raman, área de superfície por isotermas Brunauer, Emmett e Taller (BET) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). A resposta sensora foi estudada em uma câmara de teste construída no Laboratório de Catálise e Superfícies do Instituto de Ciência de Tecnologia de Materiais (INTEMA) da Universidade de Mar del Plata. A TG mostrou a formação de óxido de cério a 550°C, temperatura relativamente baixa quando comparada com outros métodos. Mediante DRX todas as amostras mostraram picos correspondentes à fase pura de CeO2 o qual cristaliza em uma estrutura cúbica do tipo fluorita, entretanto, maiores temperaturas de calcinação mostraram aumento da cristalinidade e tamanho do cristalito. No espectro Raman, um forte pico em torno do 461 cm-1 foi detectado, atribuído às vibrações simétricas do Ce-O. A área de superfície BET dos pós foi de 301, 77 m2/g o que evidencia a formação de partículas muito pequenas e altamente reativas. As micrografias obtidas por MEV mostram a presença de diferentes tamanhos na forma de aglomerados. A caracterização da resposta sensora mostrou que o sensor fabricado a partir de pós de CeO2 puro apresenta um bom tempo de resposta, alcançando a melhor performance com temperatura de trabalho de 400 °C, tanto em atmosferas redutoras e oxidantes. A característica principal observada foi que os resultados são dependentes dos ciclos anteriores, a reprodutibilidade do sistema é garantida quando se apaga a “memória” do sistema, expondo-o ao vácuo.
This paper presents and discusses the use of cerium oxide in the production of thick films for "screen printing" for applications in gas sensors. In this study the pure CeO2 was obtained by the polymeric precursor method using as a precursor resin citrate ceria. The "puff" - resulting foam from the first stage of thermal treatment of the resin-calcined at 550, 600, 700 and 750 °C. The powder was characterized by thermogravimetry (TG) and structural, morphological were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, isothermal Brunauer surface area, Emmett and Taller (BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) . The sensor response was studied in a test chamber built in the Laboratory of Catalysis and Surface Materials Technology Institute of Science (INTEMA), University of Mar del Plata. The thermogravimetry showed the formation of cerium oxide at 550° C, relatively low temperature compared with other methods. Upon XRD all samples showed peaks corresponding to pure CeO2 phase which crystallizes in a cubic fluorite type structure, however, higher calcination temperatures showed increased crystallinity and crystallite size. In the Raman spectrum, a strong peak around 461 cm-1 was detected, assigned to symmetric vibrations of the Ce-O. The BET surface area of the powders was 301, 77 m2 /g which shows the formation of very small and highly reactive particles. The SEM micrographs show the presence of different sizes in the form of agglomerates. The characterization of the sensor response showed that the sensors manufactured from pure CeO2 powder has a good response time, achieving better performance at 400 °C working temperature in both reducing and oxidizing atmospheres. The main feature observed was that the results are dependent on previous cycles, the system reproducibility is guaranteed when it deletes the "memory" of the system, exposing it to vacuum.
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Hwang, Ji-Young. "Biochemical and biophysical studies on guanylate cyclase activating protein 1, a Ca2+-sensor in Phototransduction." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962777412.
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El, Younsi Imane. "Elaboration et caractérisation de nouvelles couches sensibles pour la réalisation de capteurs de CO2." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30344/document.
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La mesure du taux de CO2 est un besoin relativement récent. Les travaux sur l'utilisation de nouveaux matériaux pour la réalisation de capteurs de gaz, efficaces et peu chers, suscitent des intérêts scientifique et technologique croissants. L'objectif de ces travaux de thèse est l'élaboration et la caractérisation de nouvelles couches sensibles obtenues par pulvérisation cathodique radiofréquence pour la réalisation de capteurs de CO2. Les films minces ont été déposés à partir d'une cible céramique de CuO, dans diverses conditions de dépôt, en variant la pression d'argon dans l'enceinte et la puissance RF appliquée. Dans un premier temps, nous avons caractérisé la structure et la microstructure des films bruts et recuits sous air par DRX, MEB, AFM et spectroscopie Raman. Nous avons également étudié les propriétés physiques des films minces ainsi que leur surface accessible par adsorption de gaz krypton (méthode de Brunauer, Emmett et Teller). Le traitement thermique à 450°C n'affecte pas la structure cristalline des couches, en revanche il tend à faire chuter fortement la surface accessible entre les colonnes. Après l'optimisation des paramètres de fonctionnement de la cellule de mesure, nous avons caractérisé les performances des films de CuO pour la détection du CO2. La meilleure réponse (?R/R=51 %) a été obtenue pour une couche élaborée à 2 Pa avec une puissance RF de 30W. De plus, la température optimale de mesure est relativement basse (T= 250°C). Le contrôle de la microstructure et plus particulièrement de la taille des grains s'est avéré être le paramètre principal qui impacte la réponse sous CO2. Les meilleurs résultats ont été obtenus avec des tailles de grains proches d'une vingtaine de nanomètres de diamètre. Une bonne modélisation de la réponse électrique en fonction de la taille des grains a pu être réalisée en prenant en compte un circuit électrique équivalent comportant une zone enrichie en porteur de type trous à la surface des grains et dont l'épaisseur est de l'ordre de la longueur de DebyeThe measure of the rate of CO2 is a recent need. The works on the use of new materials for the conception of gas sensors based semiconductor oxides, effective and not expensive; arouse a huge interest in our society. The objective of this thesis is the elaboration and the characterization of new sensitive layers obtained by RF sputtering for the realization of the sensors of CO2. Thin films were deposited using two targets: CuFeO2 and CuO, under three conditions by varying argon pressure and RF power. First of all, the structure and the microstructure were studied for the as-deposited samples. Surface investigations carried out by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, BET measurements and MEB-FEG images have shown a strong influence of deposition technique parameters on film surface topography and morphology. In a second step, the thin films were annealed in air in order to oxidize the phase. For the composite CuO/CuFe2O4, Glow discharge optical emission spectrometry technique showed a structure in two layers stacked on top of each other for the thinner films. For the cupric films, no changes on both structure and microstructure have been revealed. Our films have then been evaluated for CO2 detection. The sensitive layers with different thicknesses were sensitive to 5000 ppm of CO2. The deposition parameters are optimized to obtain microstructure features which can enhance the sensitivity of the thin films as gas sensors. Best response was obtained for a cupric sample deposited in P2 30W conditions and was close to 50% at T = 250°C. We have demonstrates that cupric oxide alone can detect the CO2 gas and that the growth conditions determine the film surface characteristics. The gas sensing characteristics of these films are strongly influenced by both surface morphology and microstructure
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Sebem, Renan. "Customização de sensibilidade de sensores a redes de período longo em fibras ópticas monomodo padrão e aplicações." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2015. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2086.
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Previous issue date: 2015-09-21Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This work explores the potential and shows the implementation of the long period gratings as refractive index sensors. It is proposed a sensor design where the refractive index sensitivity is improved. The design includes the use of the sensor with simple and low cost interrogation. Several manufacturing parameters are investigated and the process is enhanced to meet the design specifications, and also to obtain repeatability in the process. New ideas were proposed to manufacture tilted gratings and to control the index modulation duty cycle in a practical way with inexpensive equipment. The inscription of the fiber sensor is made by CO2 laser, point to point, with a uniform index modulation. The gratings were interrogated by an optical spectrum analyzer and also by edge filter demodulation in the 1550 nm region through an electronic board, developed in this work with automatic normalization of the signal. Results show that the refractive index sensitivity is influenced by several design and manufacturing parameters of the fiber grating. Performed experiments show a considerable increase in the refractive index sensitivity of the grating.
Este trabalho explora o potencial e demonstra a implementação das redes de período longo em fibra como sensores de índice de refração. É proposto um projeto do sensor em que a sensibilidade ao índice de refração é aperfeiçoada. O projeto contempla a utilização do sensor com interrogação de maneira simples e de baixo custo. Diversos parâmetros de fabricação são investigados e o processo é aprimorado para atingir as especificações de projeto, e também a fim da obtenção de repetibilidade no processo. Novas ideias foram propostas para fabricação de redes inclinadas e para o controle do duty cycle da modulação de índice da rede de maneira prática com equipamentos de baixo custo. A fabricação do sensor em fibra é feita através de laser de CO2, ponto a ponto, e com modulação de índice uniforme. As redes foram interrogadas através de analisador de espectro óptico e também por demodulação de borda de filtro na região de 1550 nm através de uma placa eletrônica, desenvolvida neste trabalho com normalização automática do sinal. Resultados mostram que a sensibilidade ao índice de refração é influenciada por alguns parâmetros de projeto e fabricação da rede em fibra. Experimentos realizados mostraram um aumento considerável na sensibilidade da rede ao índice de refração.
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Nunes, Bruno Rios Patriarca. "Maximum lifetime broadcast problem in wireless sensor networks." Escola Politécnica / Instituto de Matemática, 2013. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/21338.
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Redes de sensores sem o (RSSF) são compostas por um conjunto de dispositivos, geralmente de baixa capacidade de processamento e autonomia de energia limitada, com o objeto de coletar dados sobre a area onde foi instalada e envia-los ate as unidades de processamento chamadas de estações base. Dentre os recursos de um no sensor, pode-se considerar como um dos mais críticos a carga de bateria, ja que ela de ne em ultimo caso o tempo de vida util do no. Por conta disso, e necessario que os protocolos e aplicações otimizem o uso de energia a m de prolongar o tempo de vida do no sensor e, consequentemente, de toda a RSSF.Este trabalho dedica-se a estudar o problema da maximiza¸c˜ao do tempo de vida da rede durante uma s´erie de opera¸c˜oes de broadcast. Para o escopo desta pesquisa, o tempo de vida da rede de sensor ´e definido como o tempo at´e a falha do primeiro n´o por falta de energia. H´a diversos protocolos na literatura que buscam minimizar o consumo de energia durante a dissemina¸c˜ao de mensagens na rede, por´em neles n˜ao s˜ao considerados aspectos como o custo de recep¸c˜ao ou a presen¸ca de links assim´etricos entre os n´os. Neste trabalho, propomos o algoritmo DLMCA para o problema de maximiza¸c˜ao do tempo de vida da rede. O algoritmo DLMCA baseia-se na constru¸c˜ao de arborescˆencias de custo m´ınimo, ´e localizado e considera redes com custos de comunica¸c˜ao assim´etricos, o que ´e especialmente importante em casos em que a RSSF ´e composta por dispositivos diferentes. Os experimentos realizados mostraram que o DLMCA ´e mais eficiente que solu¸c˜oes alternativas propostas na literatura. A heur´ısitca oferecida pelo DLMCA para redes est´aticas foi levemente adaptada e o problema tamb´em foi analisado para redes m´oveis. Para estas redes, os experimentos demonstraram que a solu¸c˜ao baseada no DLMCA tamb´em foi superior em rela¸c˜ao a outras propostas tanto em rela¸c˜ao `a energia total gasta em cada operação de broadcast quanto em relação ao tempo de vida da rede.
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Chahal, Radwan. "Capteurs optiques en fibres de verre de chalcogénure dopées terres rares appliqués à la surveillance du stockage géologique de CO2." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S066/document.
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L'augmentation des émissions de CO2 entraîne un réchauffement de la planète préjudiciable aux équilibres écologiques terrestres. Dans ce contexte, le stockage de CO2 dans des formations géologiques terrestres et sous-marines se pose comme un moyen intéressant de limiter les conséquences de ces émissions. Cependant cette solution nécessite une surveillance continue afin de détecter d'éventuelles fuites au niveau d'une zone de stockage. Les travaux de thèse présentés concernent le développement d'un capteur optique en fibre de chalcogénures pour la détection de CO2 gazeux fonctionnant dans le moyen infrarouge. Cette détection est basée sur un phénomène de luminescence, jouant le rôle de source déportée et partiellement absorbée en présence de CO2. Le développement de ces fibres optiques a demandé un important travail en sciences des matériaux et en caractérisation spectroscopique. Un prototype a été fabriqué et utilisé avec succès sur le terrain lors de campagnes de mesure menées in-situThe increase of CO2 emissions causes global warming harmful to ecological balances in earth. In this context, CO2 storage in geological formations is an interesting way to limit the consequences of these emissions. However, this solution requires continuous monitoring to detect possible leaks at storage area. The presented work involves the development of an optical fiber sensor based on chalcogenide glasses for the CO2 gas detection operating in the infrared. This detection is based on a luminescent phenomenon, acts as a remote source and partly absorbed in the presence of CO2. The development of these fiber optic asked important work in materials science and spectroscopic characterization. A prototype was manufactured and successfully used in the field during measurement campaigns in situ
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Canning, Anna [Verfasser], Arne [Akademischer Betreuer] Körtzinger, and Bernhard [Gutachter] Wehrli. "Greenhouse gas observations across the Land-Ocean Aquatic Continuum: Multi-sensor applications for CO2, CH4 and O2 measurements / Anna Canning ; Gutachter: Bernhard Wehrli ; Betreuer: Arne Körtzinger." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1211649261/34.
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Lan, Lijuan [Verfasser], Jia [Akademischer Betreuer] Chen, Jia [Gutachter] Chen, and Mark [Gutachter] Wenig. "Development of a CO2 sensor using TDLAS-WMS and its application for emission analysis in Munich / Lijuan Lan ; Gutachter: Jia Chen, Mark Wenig ; Betreuer: Jia Chen." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212178173/34.
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Králová, Petra. "Přídavek oxidu uhličitého do mléka pro výrobu sýrů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216613.
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This work deals with the addition of carbon dioxide to milk for cheese production. The first aim was to elaborate a literary search focused on chemical composition of milk and its changes after addition of carbon dioxide and to describe production processes, with or without addition of carbon dioxide. The opening part was in particular focused on production of cheese with carbon dioxide and what all this gas causes during production. Carbon dioxide significantly decreases pH, thereby preventing from multiplication of undesirable microorganisms, it is also very important for shortening of production time, because it shortens the coagulation time. The main aim of experimental part was to determine the optimum addition of carbon dioxide to milk for production of Balkan cheese and using several analytical methods to compare cheese produced with and without addition of carbon dioxide. The sensory methods suitable for following of sensory differences of produced cheeses were also chosen and applied. By request of Dairy in Polná Ltd., the operation economy was calculated, which revealed that production with carbon dioxide is very useful and can reduce production costs of Balkan cheese, which would certainly be positive. The advantages and disadvantages of cheese production with carbon dioxide for consumers as well as for producer are evaluated as conclusion of this work.
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Aiyar, Avishek R. "Microfabrication of a MEMS piezoresistive flow sensor - materials and processes." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24696.
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Huang, Yun. "Integration of Extracellular and Intracellular Calcium Signals: Roles of Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CASR), Calmodulin and Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1)." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia State University, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/28/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.Title from title page (Digital Archive@GSU, viewed July 1, 2010) Jenny J. Yang, committee chair; Edward Brown, Giovanni Gadda, Zhi-ren Liu, committee members. Includes bibliographical references (p. 230-258).
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Pahlke, Denis. "Synthesis, characterisation and sensor-functionalisation of transmembrane β-peptides." Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0003-C180-1.
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Bahi-Buisson, Nadia. "Etude des mécanismes pathogéniques du retard mental lié aux mutations dans IL-1 Receptor Accessory Protein Like IL1RAPL." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066079.
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Todd, Paul Anthony Christopher. "Characterisation of the Ca2+ signaling pathway involved in the control of temperature dependent locomotion by Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3005922/.
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Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is critical in regulating a number of neuronal functions including synaptic transmission, axonal growth, development and neurotransmitter release/recycling. The EF-hand containing Ca2+ binding protein Neuronal Ca2+ Sensor 1 (NCS-1) has been shown to be important in a number of these processes. NCS-1 is a member of the NCS family of proteins encoded in mammals by 14 genes. Ca2+ bound NCS-1 exposes a hydrophobic binding domain through an altered conformation allowing regulation of downstream processes, dependent on a diverse range of target proteins. Many interacting partners have been identified for NCS-1, some of which are common to Calmodulin (CaM) with others unique to NCS-1. Mammalian NCS-1 has been shown to regulate PQ-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs), although evidence of a direct interaction between the two proteins has been lacking. The initial part of this study investigated interactions between NCS-1 and PQ-type VGCCs (CaV2.1). Within the CaV2.1 C-terminal tail, there are two Ca2+-sensor binding regions; the CBD (CaM binding domain) and the IM/IQ domain. Through cell transfection and fluorescence based experiments, an interaction between these two proteins was established. Co-expression of NCS-1 and a PQ channel C-terminal domain led to the appearance of hallmark aggregated cellular structures. Furthermore, the kinetic behaviour of NCS-1 and PQ in these cells was significantly different to those observed when each protein was expressed in isolation. The second part of this study used C. elegans as a model organism to study in vivo interactions of NCS-1. In C. elegans NCS-1 is primarily found in the nervous system, with highest expression in sensory neurons. Previous studies have identified a defect in isothermal tracking in an ncs-1 defective C. elegans animal. When tested in a locomotion assay, characterised in this thesis, the locomotion rate of wild-type C. elegans decreased at an elevated temperature of 28oC whilst the ncs-1 null C. elegans showed a slight yet significant increase in locomotion at the elevated temperature. During this project a reversible paralysis phenotype was identified in the temperature dependent locomotion assay (TDLA). In the second part of the project this assay was exploited to quantify the paralysis phenotype in various mutant C. elegans strains. Based on the mammalian NCS-1 interactome, a sub-set of protein orthologues were identified within the C. elegans nervous system as potential interacting proteins to be studied. It was established that potential targets were TRP1 & 2, ARF-1.1 and PI4K of which various double mutants were generated through C. elegans genetic crosses. The double mutants identified a genetic interaction between ARF-1.1 and NCS-1 in the TDLA suggestive of a possible functional interaction. Additional studies using a chemical inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 4kinaseIIIb suggests a potential network comprising PI4K-1, NCS-1 and ARF-1.1 regulates this behaviour. These findings allowed a partial elucidation of the interactions and functional relationships between these proteins in a physiological context with an identifiable behavioural output.
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Puccio, Derek. "DESIGN, ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY CODING IN SAW DEVICES USED FOR SPREAD SPECTRUM TAGS AND SENSORS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2836.
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SAW based sensors can offer wireless, passive operation in numerous environments and various device embodiments are employed for retrieval of the sensed data information. Single sensor systems can typically use a single carrier frequency and a simple device embodiment, since tagging is not required. In a multi-sensor environment, it is necessary to both identify the sensor and retrieve the sensed information. This dissertation presents the concept of orthogonal frequency coding (OFC) for applications to SAW sensor technology. OFC offers all advantages inherent to spread spectrum communications including enhanced processing gain and lower interrogation power spectral density (PSD). It is shown that the time ambiguity in the OFC compressed pulse is significantly reduced as compared with a single frequency tag having the same code length and additional coding can be added using a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence. The OFC approach is general and should be applicable to many differing SAW sensors for temperature, pressure, liquid, gases, etc. Device embodiments are shown and a potential transceiver is described. Measured device results are presented and compared with COM model predictions to demonstrate performance. Devices are then used in computer simulations of the proposed transceiver design and the results of an OFC sensor system are discussed.Ph.D.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering
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Tsui, Chi-wing Clement. "Career-oriented curriculum (COC) a case study of implementation in a secondary school in Hong Kong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37641530.
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Golden, Melissa Lynn. "The bioinorganic chemistry of N2S2 metal complexes: reactivity and ligating ability." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2198.
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[N,N??-bis-(mercaptoethyl)-1,5-diazacyclooctanato]NiII, Ni-1, is known to undergo metallation reactions with numerous metals. [N,N??-bis-(mercaptoethyl)-1,5-diazacycloheptanato]NiII, (bme-dach)Ni or Ni-1??, differs from Ni-1 by one less carbon in its diazacycle backbone ring producing subtle differences in N2S2Ni geometry. Metallation of Ni-1?? with PdCl2, Pd(NO3)2, and NiBr2 produced three structural forms: Ni2Pd basket, Ni4Pd2 C4-paddlewheel, and Ni3 slant chair. In attempts to provide a rationale for the heterogeneity in the active site of Acetyl coA Synthase, metal ion capture studies of Ni-1 in methanol found a qualitative ranking of metal ion preference: Zn2+ < Ni2+ < Cu+. Formation constants for metal ion capture of Ni-1?? in water were determined for Pb2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cu+, and Ag+. A quantitative estimate places copper some 15 orders of magnitude above nickel or zinc in binding affinity. Sulfur dioxide uptake by Ni-1?? is characterized by significant color change, improved adduct solubility, and reversible binding of two equivalents of SO2. These combined properties establish Ni-1?? as a suitable model for gas uptake at nickel thiolate sites and as a possibly useful chemical sensor for this poisonous gas. Comparisons of molecular structures, ν(SO) stretching frequencies, and thermal gravimetric analyses are made to reported adducts including the diazacyclooctane derivative, Ni-1·2SO2. Visual SO2 detection limits of Ni-1 and Ni-1?? are established at 25 ppm and 100 ppm, respectively. Structural studies of products resulting from reaction at the nucleophilic S-sites of (bme-dach)Ni and [(bme-dach)Zn]2 included acetyl chloride and sodium iodoacetate as electrophiles are shown. The acetyl group is a natural electrophile important to the citric acid cycle. Acetylation of (bme-dach)Ni produces a five coordinate, paramagnetic species. Iodoacetate is a cysteine modification agent known to inhibit enzymatic activity. The reaction of (bme-dach)Ni and sodium iodoacetate yields a blue, six coordinate nickel complex in a N2S2O2 donor environment. The bismercaptodiazacycloheptane ligand binds lead(II) forming an unprecedented structural form of N2S2M dimers, in which Pb2+ is largely bound to sulfur in a highly distorted trigonal geometry. Its unusual structure is described in comparison to other derivatives of the bme-daco ligand. The synthesis and structural characterization of square pyramidal (bme-dach)GaCl are also given and compared to the analogous (bme-daco)GaCl.
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Pinilla, Pachon Edwin German 1981. "Dispositivos em fibras ópticas baseados em interferência multimodal." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277582.
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Orientadores: Cristiano Monteiro de Barros Cordeiro, Marcos Antonio Ruggieri FrancoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Nesta dissertação se estudou por simulação numérica o efeito de interferência multimodal (MMI, do inglês "multimode interference") em guias de onda, com atenção especial a fibras ópticas, e a resposta óptica do dispositivo MMI a parâmetros externos como temperatura, curvatura e índice de refração. Dispositivos baseados em MMI são formados, em geral, por três guias de onda concatenados sendo as extremidades compostas de guias monomodo e a parte central composta de um guia que permite a propagação de muitos modos, tipicamente, mais do que três. Nesta situação, na seção multimodo, são formadas reimagens que aproximadamente replicam fase e amplitude do campo óptico de entrada. A observação do espectro de transmissão correspondente à primeira reimagem, em dispositivos MMI, permite desenvolver sensores de índice de refração, temperatura e curvatura. A sensibilidade dos sensores foi avaliada frente às variações do mensurando, ou seja, variações no índice de refração, temperatura e curvatura da estrutura MMI em fibra óptica.
Abstract: In this work the effect of multimodal interference (MMI) in waveguides was studied by numerical simulation. Special attention was given to optical fibers and its the optical response when external parameters such as temperature, curvature or refractive índex were varied. MMI devices are usually formed by connecting three waveguides being the input and output ones single mode waveguides while the middle one is a waveguide that allows the propagation of many optical modes, typically more than three. In this situation re-images that replicate both the phase and the amplitude of the input optical field are formed periodically within the multimode section. The analysis of the transmission spectrum of the first re-image in MMI devices were realized in order to get information about the fiber environment, in particular the surrounding refractive índex, radius of curvature and temperature. The sensors sensitivity was evaluated.
Mestrado
Física
Mestre em Física
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Björk, Evelina, and Kim Fast. "Effektivisering av energianvändningen i en förskola." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-17589.
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This rapport contains an examination of the energy consumption of a kindergarten, which areas that have the largest impact on the energy consumption and what can be done to reduce those areas in ways that are relatively easy and profitable. It is also analyzed if it is possible to reduce the energy consumption from today’s consumption to a consumption that fulfils the demands placed on low energy houses by FEBY. The focus has been on reducing the energy consumption of the areas ventilation, heating system and hot water system, since those seemed to be the easiest ones to affect and since the building is quite recently built. There are different kinds of ventilation systems, at the moment the building have a CAV-system, which means that the ventilation is too high during large parts of the day. There are different ways to manage the ventilation system, for example presence detection, humidity sensors, CO2 sensors, temperature sensors and season adjustment. Many of those are in the end dependent on CO2 sensors to guarantee a good indoor climate, therefore the focus have been placed on this system. The building is heated through district heating which is relatively easy to connect to a couple of sun panels to contribute to the heating system and hot water system. There are different ways of connecting district heating with solar panels and those are described, as well as the cost and the repayment time. A comparison with a building with an electric heating system has been made as well. It is important to get solutions that are profitable, that the repayment time isn’t too long. Solar cells and wind turbines are examined as well, but the repayment time for solar cells are too long at the moment. The repayment time for solar cells varies between 42 - 75 years, while the expected lifetime is 25 years. Concerning ventilation, a reduced ventilation of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 % have been examined. With only reduced ventilation the demands on low energy houses could not be matched, but it was possible in two cases with the use of solar panels. The usage of a wind turbine meant that the ventilation had to be reduced even less to match the demands on low energy houses. The repayment times for the solar panels and the wind turbine are both around 14 years.Rapporten behandlar en undersökning av energiförbrukningen vid en projekterad förskola och vilka poster som har störst inverkan på energiförbrukningen, samt vad som kan göras för att åtgärda dessa på ett sätt som är relativt enkelt och som är lönsamt. Det ses över om det är möjligt att få ner energiförbrukningen från dagens förbrukning som uppfyller BBR:s krav, till att uppfylla de lägre energikraven som gäller för minienergihus enligt FEBY. Med utgångspunkt i energiförbrukningsberäkningen som gjorts och det faktum att förskolan är relativt nybyggd så har fokus lagts på att minska ner posterna ventilation, värmesystemet och varmvattnet då dessa är de poster som är lättast att påverka. När det gäller ventilation finns olika styrsätt, byggnaden har i nuläget ett CAV-system, vilket innebär att ventilation under stora delen av dagen är för hög. Det finns olika saker att styra ventilationen och minska ner den på, däribland närvarogivare, fuktgivare, koldioxidgivare, temperaturgivare samt årstidsanpassning. Många av dessa är dock i slutändan beroende av koldioxidgivare för att garantera inomhusklimatet, så därför har fokus lagts på detta system. Byggnaden värms upp via fjärrvärme och det är relativt enkelt att koppla på solfångare för hjälp av uppvärmning av värmesystemet och varmvattnet. Det finns olika sätt att koppla in solfångare på system med fjärrvärme och de olika sätten beskrivs och undersöks, liksom kostnad och återbetalningstid för en anläggning med solfångare. En jämförelse med en byggnad med eluppvärmning har också gjorts. Det är viktigt att få ekonomisk lönsamhet i det hela och således att återbetalningstiden inte ska vara för lång. Även solceller och vindkraftverk tas upp, dock är återbetalningstiden för solceller i nuläget alltför lång för att vara ekonomiskt försvarbart. Återbetalningstiden för solceller varierar mellan 42 – 75 år, medan den beräknade livslängden ligger på 25 år. När det gäller ventilationen så har minskad ventilation med 10, 20, 30, 40 och 50 % undersökts. Med enbart minskad ventilation kan inte kravet för lågenergihus uppfyllas, men inräknat solfångare så nåddes i två fall lågenergihus. Till sist så innebar medräknandet av ett vindkraftverk att ventilationen inte behövdes minskas lika mycket för att uppfylla kraven för lågenergihus. Återbetalningstiden för solfångarna beräknades till 14 år och återbetalningstiden för vindkraftverket till 14 år.
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Menghini, Massimiliano. "Sviluppo e sperimentazione di sensori per il monitoraggio della qualità dell'aria." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10249/.
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Individuare e conoscere la natura degli inquinanti atmosferici e disporre dei dati delle emissioni sono azioni fondamentali per formulare politiche ambientali incentrate sul miglioramento della qualità dell'aria e monitorarne l'efficacia. Sorge l'esigenza di un controllo costante della qualità dell'aria, processo che avviene utilizzando delle centraline di monitoraggio fisse sparse nelle vie delle maggiori città o nei pressi dei principali insediamenti industriali.
Lo scopo di questo progetto è quello di realizzare una stazione di monitoraggio mobile al fine di aumentare la superficie di controllo, realizzando un oggetto dinamico capace di acquisire dati sull'inquinamento. Questo è stato fatto applicando ad un drone un sistema di sensori capaci di rilevare le variazioni dei livelli di concentrazione degli agenti inquinanti. Ciò permette di eliminare le stazioni di monitoraggio fisse, le quali rappresentano una spesa ingente. Inoltre, attraverso l'utilizzo di un drone, è possibile monitorare siti più vasti, permettendo un monitoraggio costante e ripetuto nel tempo.
La prima parte dell'elaborato analizza il sistema Embedded utilizzato per l'acquisizione dei dati, concentrando l'attenzione prevalentemente sui moduli utilizzati.
La seconda descrive quali sono i primi passi per cominciare ad utilizzare i sensori posti sulla Gases Board 2.0 e risponde ai dubbi più comuni su quali parametri di configurazione adottare per un avere una risposta adeguata, quale processo di calibrazione seguire o come trasformare i dati acquisiti, espressi in tensioni, in valori di concentrazione di gas.
La terza parte illustra i test effettuati per verificare il corretto funzionamento del sistema completo, con l’esposizione delle problematiche individuate, e una presentazione delle alternative più valide per superarle.
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Matos, Catarina. "Ageing and entrepreneurship : firm creation and performance among older individuals." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15851.
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Doutoramento em Estudos de DesenvolvimentoO actual foco no envelhecimento activo torna o empreendedorismo sénior um fenómeno de crescente relevância. Pouco se conhece sobre as motivações do empreendedorismo sénior e ainda menos sobre os seus efeitos. Esta tese produz conhecimento sobre os empreendedores seniores e analisa o seu desempenho empresarial do ponto de vista objectivo e subjectivo. Assenta em teorias de diferentes disciplinas, como a gerontologia, psicologia e economia. Adicionalmente, analisa dados primários (um questionário) e secundários (“Quadros de Pessoal”). A investigação contempla quatro contributos principais. Primeiro, é desenvolvido e aplicado na revisão da literatura um esquema conceptual de análise do empreendedorismo sénior. Verifica-se uma carência de investigação sobre o desempenho organizacional das empresas. O segundo contributo reflete a realidade Portuguesa do empreendedorismo sénior, verificando-se que os seniores mostram uma reduzida vontade de enveredar pelo empreendedorismo, admitindo-se que as causas estejam relacionadas com os níveis de burocracia, a reduzida dinâmica dos mercados e uma cultura pouco orientada para o desempenho. Em terceiro lugar foi analisado o impacto do capital humano na criação de empresas, e da idade no desempenho organizacional. Concluiu-se que possuir experiência empreendedora e profissional está positivamente relacionada com a criação de empresas por seniores. Adicionalmente, os resultados confirmam o efeito negativo da idade no desempenho organizacional. O último contributo analisa o nível de satisfação do empreendedor para com a empresa. Verifica-se que aspetos monetários e não-monetários são, ambos, relevantes; assim como ter experiência na indústria afeta positivamente a satisfação, ao passo que um período de desemprego superior a 12 meses, prévio à criação da empresa, afeta negativamente a satisfação. Esta tese tem implicações no desenho de políticas públicas relacionadas com empreendedorismo e em futura investigação. Aqui, admite-se que a utilização do conceito de idade percebida pelo próprio (em lugar da idade cronológica) possa ser um indicador útil na adesão e desempenho do empreendedor. O efeito negativo do desemprego anterior à criação da empresa deve ser reconhecido e abordado pelos decisores políticos.
Senior entrepreneurship is a phenomenon of growing interest due to the current focus on active ageing. Little is still known about the determinants of senior entrepreneurship and less regarding its outcomes. This thesis provides insights about senior entrepreneurs and examines firm performance from subjective and objective levels. It is based on a multi-theory approach, from gerontology, psychology, to economic theories. Moreover, primary and secondary data was adopted: a questionnaire and a national database “Quadros de Pessoal”. The research has four main contributions. First, a framework of analysis is developed and applied to review senior entrepreneurship literature. A lack of evidence related to firm performance was found and more theory-based articles should be developed. Second, the Portuguese reality of senior entrepreneurship is examined and we find that Portugal faces an older population who exhibits a low willingness to engage in entrepreneurship, probably due to the levels of bureaucracy, low market dynamics, and a culture not oriented to performance. Third, we explore the impact of human capital traits on firm creation and of age on firm performance. Having entrepreneurial and paid employee experience is positively related to firm creation for older individuals. Furthermore, our results confirm the negative effect of being older on firm performance. Fourth, we examine business satisfaction among senior entrepreneurs –monetary and non-monetary are both important to explain business satisfaction and having industry experience positively affects business satisfaction, whereas having spent more than 12 months unemployed immediately before founding affects it negatively. The thesis leads to implications for policy makers and future research, namely on the appropriateness of considering self-perceived age (instead of chronological age) as an indicator influencing entrepreneurship. The negative effect of unemployment status before startup should be acknowledged and tackled by policy makers.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Elias, Mauro Biscaro. "Sistemas de sensores ópticos baseados em fibra óptica de perfil-W dopada com Érbio." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264962.
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Orientadores: Carlos Kenichi Suzuki, João Batista RosolemTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: Fibras ópticas de casca rebaixada (também conhecidas como fibras ópticas de dupla-casca ou fibras ópticas de perfil-"W") com cortes do modo fundamental proporcionam perdas distribuídas altas em comprimentos de onda longos e perdas baixas em comprimentos de onda curtos. A grandeza da brusca transição entre a perda baixa em comprimentos de onda curtos e a perda alta em comprimentos de onda longos excede 200 dB/km e é extremamente sensível à curvatura aplicada na fibra. O fenômeno é atribuído ao acoplamento modal entre o modo guiado no núcleo e os modos discretos guiados na casca externa. A fibra óptica ativa de casca rebaixada Er: Al/Ge/SiO2 (DC-EDF) pode ser projetada para ter um corte do modo fundamental próximo de 1530 nm o que proporciona supressão distribuída da emissão espontânea amplificada (ASE) na banda-C em proveito da ASE na banda-S. Este fenômeno, associado a um outro, o de perda induzida por curvatura, proporciona um modelo alternativo para obter amplificação óptica na banda-S, exigida para expandir a capacidade de sistemas de multiplexação por divisão de comprimentos de onda (WDM). Um laser à fibra óptica, configurado na forma de anel, de fibra óptica de casca rebaixada dopada com érbio, que pode ser sintonizado através de perdas induzidas por curvatura na fibra óptica, ou pelo uso de um filtro óptico sintonizável, também pode ser projetado. Devido às características de amplificação e "lasing" desenvolvidas para aplicação na banda-S, baseadas em propriedades únicas, a fibra DC-EDF foi base dos sistemas de sensores desenvolvidos neste trabalho. De fato, os sistemas de sensores propostos mostraram alta sensibilidade, larga faixa dinâmica, e ampla largura de banda, e podem ser usados para monitorar parâmetros estáticos, tais como força, pressão, deslocamentos e parâmetros dinâmicos usados em acústica e vibrações. Dois tipos de sistemas de sensores, com diferentes modelos, foram estudados: um sensor-amplificador e um sensor-laser. Os desempenhos desses sistemas de sensores na banda-S (1490 e 1510 nm) foram estudados e analisados nas condições estática e dinâmica
Abstract: Depressed-cladding (often referred to as dual-clad or "W"- fiber) fibers with fundamental-mode cutoffs provide high distributed losses at long wavelengths and low losses at short wavelengths. The magnitude of the abrupt transition between low-loss at short wavelengths and high-loss at long wavelengths exceeds 200 dB/km and is found to be extremely sensitive to fiber curvature. The phenomenon is attributed to mode coupling between the core-guided mode and the discrete modes guided in the outer cladding. The active depressed-cladding Er: Al/Ge/SiO2 fiber (DC ? EDF) may be designed to have a fundamental mode cutoff near 1530 nm and provides distributed suppression of C-band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) to the advantage of that in the S-band. This phenomenon, associated with the mechanism of induced bending loss, provides an alternative approach to obtain amplification in S-band, required to expand the capacity of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) systems. A S-band depressed-cladding erbium-doped fiber ring laser which can be tuned through the active fiber bending losses or by using an optical tunable filter, can be designed as well. Due to the amplification and lasing characteristics developed for S-band, based on unique properties, the DC - EDF was the basis of the optical sensing systems developed in this work. In fact, the sensing systems proposed showed high sensitivity, high dynamic range and wide bandwidth, and can be used to monitor static parameters, such as force, pressure, displacement and dynamic parameters used in acoustics and vibrations. Two types of sensing systems, with different approaches, have been studied: an amplifier-sensor and a laser-sensor. The performances of these sensing systems in S-band (1490 and 1510 nm) were studied and analyzed in static and dynamic conditions
Doutorado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
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Tsui, Chi-wing Clement, and 崔致榮. "Career-oriented curriculum (COC): a case study of implementation in a secondary school in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37641530.
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Faye, Djibril. "Détection fluorimétrique en circuit microfluidique des ions Pb2+, Hg2+ et Cd2+ en milieu aqueux." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00722906.
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Ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans le cas d'un projet européen nommé " microfluiD ". Ce projet vise principalement la détection des polluants organiques par voie microfluidique (les micotoxines dans les aliments de bétail, les bactéries et les métaux lourds). Devant les dangers écologiques des ions Pb2+, Hg2+ et Cd2+ dans l'environnement, il est important de multiplier le nombre d'analyses dans les eaux du robinet. L'utilisation de la fluorescence et des microlasers organiques présente de nombreux avantages. Outre leur faible coût, leur sensibilité ainsi que leur sélectivité, il est possible de concevoir à partir de ces techniques des dispositifs transportables sur le terrain. Deux approches sont principalement développées : Une première est basée sur la fluorescence ; elle a consisté à synthétiser des ligands fluorescents de type DPPS-PEG et CalixDANS-3-OH pour la détection du mercure et du plomb. Les études de la complexation des ions Hg2+, Pb2+ ont d'abord été effectuées en solution. La complexation de Cd2+ en circuit microfluidique à partir du composé commercial Rhod-5N a aussi été étudiée. Des résultats très prometteurs ont été obtenus pour la détection de Hg2+ par DPPS-PEG. Nous avons aussi étudié la possibilité de détecter Pb2+ à partir du CalixDANS-3-OH greffé sur les parois du circuit microfluidique. Malgré une dégradation de la sonde, nous avons réussi à détecter une faible concentration de plomb. Une très bonne sélectivité vis-à-vis des cations interférents testés a été obtenue. La seconde approche est basée sur la détection par microlasers. Nous avons synthétisé deux copolymères blocs pour la détection du plomb et du mercure. Des problèmes de solubilité nous empêchant de fabriquer des microcavités organiques à partir de ces polymères, une deuxième stratégie consistant à greffer les ligands spécifiques de Pb2+ et de Hg2+ sur les microcavités laser PMMA a été développée. Cette dernière nous a permis d'apporter une preuve de principe pour de la détection du mercure en fonctionnalisant le mercaptopropyltriéthoxysilane à la surface du PMMA. Ce travail nous a aussi amené à synthétiser des colorants laser à base de Bodipy pour la fabrication des microcavités lasers par polymérisation à deux photons (2PP).
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Graham, Cathy D. "Chemosensitive Neurons of the Locus Coeruleus and the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius: Three Dimensional Morphology and Association with the Vasculature." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1409665728.
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Zhu, Yurong. "A Study of Smart Ventilation System to Balance Indoor Air Quality and Energy Consumption : A case study on Dalarnas Villa." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Mikrodataanalys, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-34431.
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It is a dilemma problem to achieve both these two goals: a) to maintain a best indoor air quality and b) to use a most efficient energy for a house at the same time. One of the outstanding components involving these goals is a smart ventilation system in the house. Smart ventilation strategies, including demand-controlled ventilation (DCV), have been of great interests and some studies believe that DCV strategies have the potential for energy reductions for all ventilation systems. This research aims to improve smart ventilation system, in aspects of energy consumption, indoor CO2 concentrations and living comfortness, by analyzing long-term sensor data. Based on a case study on an experimental house -- Dalarnas Villa, this research investigates how the current two ventilations modes work in the house and improves its ventilation system by developing customized ventilation schedules. A variety of data analysis methods were used in this research. Clustering analysis is used to identify the CO2 patterns and hence determine the residents living patterns; correlation analysis and regression analysis are used to quantify a model to estimate fan energy consumption; a mathematical model is built to simulation the CO2 decreasing when the house is under 0 occupancy. And finally, two customized schedules are created for a typical workday and holiday, respectively, which show advantages in all aspects of energy consumption, CO2 concentrations and living comfortness, compared with the current ventilation modes.
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Silva, Vlademir Lenine Mendes da. "O efeito da marca na avaliação sensorial de um vinho." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28086.
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Numa época em que o ambiente do marketing muda de uma semana para outra, importa conhecer a influência da marca na apreciação de um vinho, através da análise sensorial.
O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar o efeito da marca de um vinho, na preferência de um painel de consumidores comuns. Foram selecionados 32 provadores para avaliarem 6 vinhos tintos DOC e Regionais produzidos na região Alentejo, com PVP entre os 5 € e os 10 €. Os vinhos foram disponibilizados ao painel de provadores em dois diferentes momentos, avaliação em prova cega e avaliação com prova em que a marca estava visível. Os resultados obtidos mostram que os valores médios mais elevados, situam-se na prova com marca, em todas as variáveis, o que significa que os consumidores provadores são influenciados pela marca dos vinhos. A diferença na pontuação das amostras, após o conhecimento da marca, vem confirmar a tese de que a influência dos atributos extrínsecos é superior ao das caraterísticas sensoriais do vinho; The effect of branding on sensory evaluation of a wine
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At a time when the marketing environment changes from week to week, it is important to know the influence of the brand on the appreciation of a wine through sensory analysis.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a wine brand on the preference of a panel of ordinary consumers. 32 tasters were selected to evaluate 6 DOC and Regional red wines produced in the alentejo region, with PVP between 5 € and 10 €. The wines were made available to the tasting panel at two different times, blind tasting evaluation and matching visible tasting evaluation. The results show that the highest average values are in the branded tasting in all variables, which means that the tasters are influenced by the brand of the wines. The difference in sample points, after brand awareness, confirms the thesis that the influence of extrinsic attributes is greater than the sensory characteristics of wine.
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Loredo, Meirelle Aiane Almeida. "O Col?gio Nossa Senhora das Dores e o projeto educacional das Filhas da Caridade em Diamantina 1905-1925." UFVJM, 2017. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1574.
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O objetivo central desse trabalho ? a an?lise do projeto educacional desenvolvido no Col?gio Nossa Senhora Das Dores em Diamantina, pelas Filhas da Caridade no per?odo de 1905 a 1925. J? os objetivos espec?ficos desse trabalho consistem em analisar o discurso ultramontano presente nas pr?ticas escolares do col?gio e identificar a influ?ncia das caracter?sticas institucionais da Congrega??o das Filhas da Caridade na forma??o da mocidade feminina. O educand?rio recebia alunas internas e externas e cuidava de meninas ?rf?s. As mo?as do Nossa Senhora das Dores eram preparadas para serem boas m?es, esposas e educadoras. Com rela??o ?s pr?ticas pedag?gicas desenvolvidas no col?gio, a presente pesquisa prop?e investig?-las utilizando-se do m?todo qualitativo. Como instrumento para a realiza??o da pesquisa foi utilizada an?lise documental e levantamento bibliogr?fico. Para tanto, prop?e-se investigar os dispositivos legais que foram institucionalizados para a efetiva??o desse projeto tanto no que concerne ?s leis do Estado, como as leis da Igreja e do pr?prio Col?gio. Sendo assim, o resultado da pesquisa ? ressaltar a import?ncia de discutir a organiza??o do ensino feminino e a sua tentativa de sistematiza??o dentro do quadro educacional, utilizando as mulheres como instrumento de expans?o desse novo discurso.
Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Educa??o, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017.
The main objective of this work is the analysis of the educational project developed at the Col?gio Nossa Senhora das Dores in Diamantina by the daughters of charity from 1905 to 1925. The specific objectives of this work are to analyze the ultramontane discourse present in the school practices of the college and to identify the influence of the institutional characteristics of the Congregation of the Daughters of Charity in the formation of the female youth. The educational received internal and external students and take cared of orphaned girls. The girls of Nossa Senhora das Dores were prepared to be good mothers, wives and educators. With respect to the pedagogical practices developed in the college, the present research proposes to investigate them using the qualitative method. As an instrument for conducting the research will be used documentary analysis and bibliographic survey. In order to do so, it is proposed to investigate the legal documents that have been institutionalized for the realization of this project both with regard to the laws of the State, as well as the laws of the Church and of the College itself. Therefore, the expected result of the research is to emphasize the importance of discussing the organization of female teaching and its attempt to systematize within the educational framework, using women as an instrument to expand this new discourse.
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Torquato, Filho Evandro Alves. "Desenvolvimento de indutor variável com fio com memória de forma." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8963.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) is part of an active material class due to a special characteristic, called Shape Memory Effect (SME) that can be activated by a thermal field. In general these materials are made by metallic alloys and belong to a group of conducting materials with electromagnetic properties when circulated by an electric current. If geometrically configured as an inductor and stimulated with an alternating current allows the variable magnetic induction provided by the magnetic flux inside the coil. Using the thermomechanical shape change and the magnetic induction characteristics, this paper presents a study and development of a variable inductor with an alloy Ni-Ti. This study is based in inductance variation through geometric variation of coils made of shape memory wire and keeping the magnetic permeability constant. It was also observed variations in magnetic inductance due to change in temperature through electrical current, showing a possible close relationship with the phase transformation temperature of the material. To collect the experimental results were necessary the development of SME inductors with ferrite nucleus. Results are presented for the inductance variation related to length and temperature variation of a SMA inductor.
As Ligas com Memória de Forma (LMF) fazem parte de uma classe de materiais ativos ou inteligentes por possuírem uma característica especial denominada de Efeito Memória de Forma (EMF) que pode ser ativado por um campo térmico. Por serem geralmente ligas metálicas estão no grupo dos materiais condutores e apresentam propriedades eletromagnéticas quando circulados por uma corrente elétrica. Se configurado geometricamente como um indutor e estimulado com uma corrente alternada possibilita a indução magnética variável proporcionada pelo fluxo magnético no interior das espiras. Aproveitando a característica termomecânica de mudança de forma e o efeito físico de indução magnética, este trabalho apresenta um estudo do desenvolvimento de um indutor variável com liga com memória de forma de NiTi. O estudo se baseou na variação da indutância pela variação geométrica das espiras construídas com fio com memória de forma e mantendo a permeabilidade magnética do núcleo constante. Foram observadas variações na indutância magnética devido à variação de temperatura provocada por corrente elétrica, demonstrando uma possível relação entre as temperaturas de transformação de fase do material. Para a coleta dos resultados experimentais foram desenvolvidos alguns indutores com LMF com núcleo de ferrite. São apresentados resultados da variação da indutância relacionados com a variação do comprimento e temperatura do indutor de LMF.
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Gouin, Olivier. "Etude du rôle de PAR-2 dans l'inflammation neurogène cutanée." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0030/document.
Full textAbstract:
L’inflammation neurogène cutanée (INC) est une inflammation de la peau induite par l’activation des fibres nerveuses intra-épidermiques qui secrètent des neuropeptides tels que la substance P (SP). L’INC est impliquée dans des dermatoses inflammatoires prurigineuses comme le psoriasis, la dermatite atopique (DA) et le syndrome de Netherton (SN). Un nouveau concept émerge, suggérant que les kératinocytes sont également des acteurs majeurs de l’INC. Le récepteur activé par des protéases de type 2 (PAR-2) est fortement incriminé dans l’INC associée à ces dermatoses, ce qui permet de comprendre les voies du prurit non-histaminergique. Les enjeux thérapeutiques sont de taille puisqu’il n’existe actuellement aucun traitement efficace permettant la prise en charge spécifique du prurit histamino-indépendant au cours des dermatoses prurigineuses associées à l’INC.Bien que le rôle de PAR-2 dans la sécrétion de neuropeptides à partir des neurones sensoriels soit clairement établi, son implication dans la modulation de gènes pouvant contribuer à l’entretien ou l’amplification de l’INC reste méconnue. Le rôle inflammatoire de PAR-2 a également été démontré sur des kératinocytes cultivés en monocouche via la sécrétion de cytokines par des mécanismes dépendants du Ca2+. La surexpression de PAR-2 et la perte d’expression de certains canaux calciques impliqués dans sa réponse calcique dans les kératinocytes différenciés suggèrent des mécanismes d’action de PAR-2 différents pour ceux-ci. Dans le but d’étudier le rôle pro-inflammatoire de PAR-2 au cours des dermatoses prurigineuses, nous avons analysé l’effet de son activation sur des monocultures de neurones sensoriels issus de ganglions rachidiens dorsaux (GRD) de rat et de kératinocytes humains différenciés (DhPK), en criblant l’expression de médiateurs de l’inflammation. Pour approfondir, les voies calciques de PAR-2 sous-jacente à la modulation d’expression dans les kératinocytes différenciés, des expériences d’imagerie calcique ont été réalisées et différents antagonistes ont été utilisés pour analyser les acteurs impliqués.Dans le cadre d’un partenariat avec les laboratoires dermatologiques d’Uriage, nous avons testé les effets de l’eau thermale d’Uriage sur la modulation de gènes induite par PAR-2 dans les DhPK. Nous avons également utilisé une lignée de PC12 différenciables en neurones par le NGF afin de les utiliser comme alternatives des neurones sensoriels issus des GRD de rat pour l’étude de l’INC.L’ensemble des résultats obtenus au cours du criblage des gènes modules par PAR-2 confirme le rôle pro-inflammatoire de PAR-2 dans les neurones sensoriels de rat et dans les DhPK. La découverte d’une nouvelle voie calcique de PAR-2 dans les DhPK offre de nouvelles pistes thérapeutiques pour les dermatoses prurigineuses telles que le psoriasis, la DA et le NS. Les résultats obtenus avec l’eau thermale d’Uriage peuvent présenter une perspective thérapeutique pour les patients souffrants de dermatoses prurigineuses réfractaires aux traitements conventionnels. L’utilisation d’une lignée neuronale comme lesPC12 pour l’étude de l’INC serait une alternative utile dans le développement des tests cosmétiques avec les industriels pour notre laboratoireCutaneous neurogenic inflammation (CNI) is an inflammation of the skin induced by the activation of intraepidermal nerve fibers that release neuropeptides such as substance P (SP). CNI is involved in pruritic inflammatory skin disorders such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD) and Netherton syndrome (NS). A new concept is growing, suggesting that keratinocytes could also trigger INC. The proteases activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) is strongly incriminated in CNI associated with these dermatoses, which allow to understand the histamine-independent itching pathways. The therapeutic stakes are high since there is currently no effective treatment allowing the specific management of histamine-independent pruritus during skin disorders associated with CNI.Although the role of PAR-2 in the secretion of neuropeptides from sensory neurons is clearly established, its involvement in the modulation of genes involved in the maintenance or amplification of CNI remains unknown. The inflammatory role of PAR-2 on keratinocytes has also been demonstrated through the production of cytokines in a Ca2+-dependent mechanisms. The overexpression of PAR-2 and the loss of ORAI1 expression, a calcium channel following keratinocytes differentiation suggest different signaling pathways downstream to PAR-2 activation between undifferentiated and differentiated keratinocytes.In order to study the pro-inflammatory role of PAR-2 during pruritic dermatoses, we analyzed the effect of its activation on rat primary sensory neurons from dorsal spinal ganglia (DRG) and on differentiated human primary keratinocytes (DhPK) by screening the expression of inflammatory mediators. To deepen the Ca2+ pathways underlying PAR-2-mediated inflammatory mediator modulation in DhPK, we performed Ca2+ imaging experiments and different antagonists were used to analyze the involvement of intracellular actors. In a partnership with the dermatological laboratories of Uriage, we tested the effects of Uriage thermal water on PAR-2-induced gene modulation in DhPK. We also used a PC12 cell line differentiable in neurons by the NGF in order to use them as alternatives of rat primary sensory neurons from DRG for the study of INC. We also used a PC12 cell line differentiable in neurons by the NGF use them as alternatives of rat primary sensory neurons from DRG for the study of INC.The results obtained during the screening of the PAR-2-modulated genes confirmed the proinflammatory role of PAR-2 in rat primary sensory neurons and in DhPK. The discovery of a new PAR-2-mediated Ca2+ pathway in DhPK offers new therapeutic pathways for pruritic dermatoses such as psoriasis, AD and NS. The results obtained with the thermal water of Uriage can present a therapeutic perspective for patients suffering from pruritic dermatoses refractory to conventional treatments. The use of a neuronal cell line as the PC12 for the study of INC would be an useful alternative in the development of cosmetic tests
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Tibiriçá, Cristiano Bigonha. "Detecção de usuários e suas interações com o ambiente utilizando rede de sensores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18149/tde-17012011-121852/.
Full textAbstract:
O objetivo deste trabalho foi implementar um sistema automático com capacidade de identificar um usuário presente em um determinado ambiente e detectar suas interações com este ambiente. A identificação automática de usuários e suas interações com o ambiente torna possível diversas aplicações vislumbradas em sistemas automáticos de controle que dependem da inserção do usuário e do seu contexto com o ambiente no algoritmo de controle. O maior desafio é desenvolver um sistema que seja ubíquo ao usuário, interferindo minimamente na maneira como ele utiliza o ambiente. Para isso, propôs-se e se implementou num ambiente real um sistema baseado numa rede com sensores distribuídos de baixo custo e na tecnologia de RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification). As interações detectadas são do tipo: usuário trabalhando no computador, abrindo a janela, acendendo a luz, deitando na cama, exercitando-se em aparelhos de ginástica, usando controle remoto, consultando livros ou outras interações de interesse que possam ser detectadas por sensores. O sistema implementado demonstrou ser capaz de identificar os usuários e suas interações com o ambiente desde que os usuários portem pequenos tags RFID para identificação durante a utilização do ambiente.The purpose of this research was the implementation of an automatic system capable to identify a user presence in an environment and to detect his interactions with this environment. Automatic users identifications and their interactions with the environment makes possible several applications planned in automatic control systems that depends on the user context with the environment. The challenge is to develop a system that seems ubiquitous to the user and do not disturb the way he usually uses the environment. A system based in a cheap sensor network and in the RFID (Radio Frequency IDdentification) technology is proposed and implemented in a real environment. Typical examples of interactions detected are: user working on the computer, opening the window, turning on the lamp, laying down in the bed, exercising the body, using the remote control, catching books, using the remote control and other interactions possible to be detected with sensors. The implemented system demonstrated to be capable to identify users and their interactions with the environment since the users carry a small RFID tag for identification during the use of the environment.
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Arruda, Michele Fonseca de. "Das trincheiras da guerra civil às interseções literárias – leitura de Réquiem por un campesino espanõl, de Ramón J. Sender e Cinco horas con Mario, de Miguel Delibes." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3679.
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Fundação de Apoio à Escola Técnica, FAETEC, Armação dos Búzios, RJ
A Guerra Civil, que devastou a Espanha entre os anos de 1936 e 1939, e a posterior implantação do regime autoritário que dominou o país por quase quatro décadas, figuram entre os eventos mais catastróficos do século XX e que mais representações ganharam no âmbito das artes. Muitas dessas expressões artísticas foram produzidas no calor da guerra ou nos imediatos anos que a sucederam, mas, ao longo das oito décadas que nos separam do início do conflito, foram e continuam sendo produzidas cada vez mais obras que retratam os embates ideológicos entre las dos Españas. Da ampla gama de textos que versam sobre o conflito, destacamos duas narrativas produzidas em momentos específicos da vida cultural hispânica: Réquiem por un campesino español (1952), de Ramón J. Sender, publicada no México, durante o exílio de seu autor, e Cinco horas con Mario (1966), de Miguel Delibes, publicada na Espanha, em plena vigência da ditadura franquista. Essas narrativas, elaboradas em função dos mesmos motivos, mas em conjunturas distintas, respondem a demandas próprias de cada circunstância, portanto, os conteúdos e as formas que se criam para representá-los dialogam com as (im)possibilidades de representar os horrores de uma batalha fratricida. Nesta tese, queremos estabelecer a relação de cada uma das obras com a representação da Guerra Civil Espanhola, destacando os aspectos formais e a arquitetura textual das narrativas para estabelecer a tensão entre os dois momentos na literatura espanhola de pós-guerra: a produção literária da Espanha peregrina e a da era franquista, a fim de indicar as relações entre história, memória e literatura através da expressão narrativa dos dois segmentos em causa
The Spanish Civil War, which devastated Spain from 1936 to 1949, along with the subsequent establishment of a totalitarian regime that ruled the country for almost four decades, are both high on the list of the most catastrophic events of the 20th century, being widely portrayed by the world of the arts. Many of these works of art were created during the war; others were produced during the immediate post-war period. Nevertheless, during the eight decades that went by since these events took place, the production of such artistic pieces has significantly increased, especially the ones which depict the ideological conflict between “the two Spains” (las dos Espanãs). Among the wide variety of texts that deal with this conflict, two novels, each written in different and specific moments of the Hispanic cultural life, should be pointed out: Réquiem por un campesino español (1952), by Ramón J. Sender, published in Mexico during Sender’s exile, and Cinco horas con Mario (1966), by Miguel Delibes, published in Spain under General Franco’s dictatorship. These two novels, inspired by the same reasons but produced under different circumstances, meet the demands of the particular situations regarding their authors; therefore, both form and content in these novels are meant to cope with the “(im)possibility” of conveying the horrors of a fratricidal war. In this thesis, we wish to establish how each of these novels manages to portray the Spanish Civil War, highlighting the specific characteristics of both form and content in each text, so as to reveal the tension between these two kinds of literary productions of the post-war period: the works of the so-called España peregrina (“Pilgrim Spain”), and those produced under the Franco regime. In this way, we wish to bring to light the way in which history, memory, and literature are integrated through these different types of narrative expression