Academic literature on the topic 'Sentinel genes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sentinel genes"
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Oh, Chang-Kyu, and Yuseok Moon. "Dietary and Sentinel Factors Leading to Hemochromatosis." Nutrients 11, no. 5 (May 10, 2019): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11051047.
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Although hereditary hemochromatosis is associated with the mutation of genes involved in iron transport and metabolism, secondary hemochromatosis is due to external factors, such as intended or unintended iron overload, hemolysis-linked iron exposure or other stress-impaired iron metabolism. The present review addresses diet-linked etiologies of hemochromatosis and their pathogenesis in the network of genes and nutrients. Although the mechanistic association to diet-linked etiologies can be complicated, the stress sentinels are pivotally involved in the pathological processes of secondary hemochromatosis in response to iron excess and other external stresses. Moreover, the mutations in these sentineling pathway-linked genes increase susceptibility to secondary hemochromatosis. Thus, the crosstalk between nutrients and genes would verify the complex procedures in the clinical outcomes of secondary hemochromatosis and chronic complications, such as malignancy. All of this evidence provides crucial insights into comprehensive clinical or nutritional interventions for hemochromatosis.
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Lee, J. H., H. Torisu-Itakura, Y. Huynh, and R. Essner. "Quantitative analysis of immunosuppressive genes expressed in melanoma sentinel nodes." Annals of Surgical Oncology 11, S2 (February 2004): S86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02524075.
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Hao, Hongying, Deyi Xiao, Jianmin Pan, Jifu Qu, Michael Egger, Sabine Waigel, Mary Ann G. Sanders, Wolfgang Zacharias, Shesh N. Rai, and Kelly M. McMasters. "Sentinel Lymph Node Genes to Predict Prognosis in Node-Positive Melanoma Patients." Annals of Surgical Oncology 24, no. 1 (September 23, 2016): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1245/s10434-016-5575-7.
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Torisu-Itakura, Hitoe, Jonathan H. Lee, Randall P. Scheri, Young Huynh, Xing Ye, Richard Essner, and Donald L. Morton. "Molecular Characterization of Inflammatory Genes in Sentinel and Nonsentinel Nodes in Melanoma." Clinical Cancer Research 13, no. 11 (June 1, 2007): 3125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2645.
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Krajaejun, T., G. M. Gauthier, C. A. Rappleye, T. D. Sullivan, and B. S. Klein. "Development and Application of a Green Fluorescent Protein Sentinel System for Identification of RNA Interference in Blastomyces dermatitidis Illuminates the Role of Septin in Morphogenesis and Sporulation." Eukaryotic Cell 6, no. 8 (May 11, 2007): 1299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00401-06.
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ABSTRACT A high-throughput strategy for testing gene function would accelerate progress in our understanding of disease pathogenesis for the dimorphic fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis, whose genome is being completed. We developed a green fluorescent protein (GFP) sentinel system of gene silencing to rapidly study genes of unknown function. Using Gateway technology to efficiently generate RNA interference plasmids, we cloned a target gene, “X,” next to GFP to create one hairpin to knock down the expression of both genes so that diminished GFP reports target gene expression. To test this approach in B. dermatitidis, we first used LACZ and the virulence gene BAD1 as targets. The level of GFP reliably reported interference of their expression, leading to rapid detection of gene-silenced transformants. We next investigated a previously unstudied gene encoding septin and explored its possible role in morphogenesis and sporulation. A CDC11 septin homolog in B. dermatitidis localized to the neck of budding yeast cells. CDC11-silenced transformants identified with the sentinel system grew slowly as flat or rough colonies on agar. Microscopically, they formed ballooned, distorted yeast cells that failed to bud, and they sporulated poorly as mold. Hence, this GFP sentinel system enables rapid detection of gene silencing and has revealed a pronounced role for septin in morphogenesis, budding, and sporulation of B. dermatitidis.
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Torisu-Itakura, Hitoe, Randall Scheri, Young Huynh, Xing Ye, and Richard Essner. "Molecular profiling of inflammatory genes predicts tumor positivity of sentinel nodes in melanoma." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 203, no. 3 (September 2006): S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.05.113.
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Young, Barry P., Kathryn L. Post, Jesse T. Chao, Fabian Meili, Kurt Haas, and Christopher Loewen. "Sentinel interaction mapping – a generic approach for the functional analysis of human disease gene variants using yeast." Disease Models & Mechanisms 13, no. 7 (May 29, 2020): dmm044560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dmm.044560.
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ABSTRACTAdvances in sequencing technology have led to an explosion in the number of known genetic variants of human genes. A major challenge is to now determine which of these variants contribute to diseases as a result of their effect on gene function. Here, we describe a generic approach using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to quickly develop gene-specific in vivo assays that can be used to quantify the level of function of a genetic variant. Using synthetic dosage lethality screening, ‘sentinel’ yeast strains are identified that are sensitive to overexpression of a human disease gene. Variants of the gene can then be functionalized in a high-throughput fashion through simple growth assays using solid or liquid media. Sentinel interaction mapping (SIM) has the potential to create functional assays for the large majority of human disease genes that do not have a yeast orthologue. Using the tumour suppressor gene PTEN as an example, we show that SIM assays can provide a fast and economical means to screen a large number of genetic variants.
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Karapetyan, Lilit, William Gooding, Aofei Li, Xi Yang, Andrew Knight, Hassan M. Abushukair, Danielle Vargas De Stefano, et al. "Sentinel Lymph Node Gene Expression Signature Predicts Recurrence-Free Survival in Cutaneous Melanoma." Cancers 14, no. 20 (October 11, 2022): 4973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14204973.
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We sought to develop a sentinel lymph node gene expression signature score predictive of disease recurrence in patients with cutaneous melanoma. Gene expression profiling was performed on SLN biopsies using U133A 2.0 Affymetrix gene chips. The top 25 genes associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) were selected and a penalized regression function was used to select 12 genes with a non-zero coefficient. A proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the association between clinical covariates, gene signature score, and RFS. Among the 45 patients evaluated, 23 (51%) had a positive SLN. Twenty-one (46.7%) patients developed disease recurrence. For the top 25 differentially expressed genes (DEG), 12 non-zero penalized coefficients were estimated (CLGN, C1QTNF3, ADORA3, ARHGAP8, DCTN1, ASPSCR1, CHRFAM7A, ZNF223, PDE6G, CXCL3, HEXIM1, HLA-DRB). This 12-gene signature score was significantly associated with RFS (p < 0.0001) and produced a bootstrap C index of 0.888. In univariate analysis, Breslow thickness, presence of primary tumor ulceration, SLN positivity were each significantly associated with RFS. After simultaneously adjusting for these prognostic factors in relation to the gene signature, the 12-gene score remained a significant independent predictor for RFS (p < 0.0001). This SLN 12-gene signature risk score is associated with melanoma recurrence regardless of SLN status and may be used as a prognostic factor for RFS.
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Ouellette, Rodney J., Dominique Richard, and Emmanuel Maïcas. "RT-PCR for Mammaglobin Genes,MGB1andMGB2, Identifies Breast Cancer Micrometastases in Sentinel Lymph Nodes." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 121, no. 5 (May 2004): 637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1309/mmactxt55l8qtkc1.
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Kondragunta, Bhargavi, Bharat H. Joshi, Jing Han, Kurt A. Brorson, Raj K. Puri, Antonio R. Moreira, and Govind Rao. "Bioreactor environment-sensitive sentinel genes as novel metrics for cell culture scale-down comparability." Biotechnology Progress 28, no. 5 (September 2012): 1138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/btpr.1606.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Sentinel genes"
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Filho, Helio Rubens de Oliveira. "Predição de comprometimento metastático axilar em pacientes com câncer de mama em estádio inicial de acordo com o subtipo imunoistoquímico, idade e tamanho tumoral." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-24052011-132738/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: O aprimoramento dos métodos de rastreamento e a conscientização da população geral contribuíram para o diagnóstico cada vez mais precoce do câncer de mama e proporcionou, juntamente com o avanço na terapêutica, altas taxas de sobrevida. O estado do acometimento axilar por metástase é um dos principais fatores prognósticos em pacientes com câncer de mama, particularmente naquelas com diagnóstico em estádio inicial. Na última década, esforços científicos foram direcionados para simplificar a amostragem dos linfonodos axilares, diminuindo a morbidade, mas respeitando os princípios oncológicos. Nesse sentindo, a biópsia do linfonodo sentinela foi considerada o avanço mais importante. Ao se obter um método preditor do estado axilar, que apresente os benefícios da abordagem padrão dissecção axilar e biópsia de linfonodo sentinela porém sem seus efeitos colaterais e que seja facilmente reproduzível, realizaremos um grande avanço na avaliação e terapêutica do câncer de mama inicial. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo transversal retrospectivo com base nos prontuários de pacientes com câncer de mama invasivo, não metastático, com qualquer idade, atendidas entre 1999 e 2007 no Setor de Mastologia da Disciplina de Ginecologia do Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo e Clínica Professor José Aristodemo Pinotti, cujo estudo histopatológico e imunoistoquímico foi supervisionado por um único médico patologista. Realizamos uma subdivisão imunoistoquímica dos tumores, sendo considerado luminal A os tumores com receptores hormonais positivos e HER 2 negativo; luminal B os com receptores hormonais positivos e HER 2 positivo; HER 2 as pacientes com receptores hormonais negativos e HER 2 positivo e triplo negativo aquelas com receptores hormonais e HER 2 negativos. Correlacionamos esses subtipos com as variáveis clínicas idade e tamanho tumoral para predizer a probabilidade de acometimento linfonodal axilar. RESULTADOS: Duzentos e trinta e nove casos foram analisados. No subtipo luminal A, a possibilidade de metástase foi maior quanto menor a idade da paciente e maior o tamanho do tumor. Essa foi a única associação que apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante. As pacientes que possuíam tumores triplo negativo tiveram, aproximadamente, 90% menos chance de metástase linfonodal que as pacientes com tumor luminal A. CONCLUSÕES: As pacientes com tumor luminal A apresentaram, significativamente, maior probabilidade de metástase linfonodal axilar. As pacientes com de tumores triplo negativo, com idade superior a 55 anos ou tumores menores que 2 cm, revelaram menor probabilidade de metástase axilarINTRODUTION: The improvement of screening methods and awareness of general population contributed to the increasingly early diagnosis of breast cancer and provided, together with advances in therapy, high survival rates. The status of axillary involvement is a major prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer, particularly those with early stage. In the last decade, research efforts were directed to simplify the sampling of axillary lymph nodes, decreasing the morbidity, but respecting the oncological principles. In this sense, the sentinel lymph node biopsy was considered the most important advance. If we obtain a method to predict the axillary status, with the benefits of the standard approach - axillary dissection and sentinel lymph node biopsy - without its side effects and easily reproducible, we will hold a major advance in the assessment and treatment of early breast cancer. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study based on records of patients with invasive breast cancer, non metastatic, with any age, treated between 1999 and 2007 in the breast cancer Sector of the Gynecology Discilpine of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo and Private Clinic of Professor José Aristodemo Pinotti, whose histopathological studies were supervised by a single pathologist. We performed an immunohistochemical subdivision of the tumors, and considered luminal A tumors with positive hormonal receptors and negative HER 2, luminal B with positive hormonal receptors and positive HER 2, HER 2 patients with negative hormonal receptors and positive HER 2 and the triple-negative those with negative hormonal receptors and HER 2. Those subtypes were correlated with the clinical variables age and tumor size in predicting the likelihood of axillary lymph node involvement. RESULTS: Two hundred and nine cases were analyzed. In the luminal A, the possibility of axillary metastasis was higher in the younger patients and larger tumors. That was the only combination that showed statistically significant difference. The patients who had triplenegative tumors had approximately 90% less chance of lymph node metastasis than patients with tumors luminal A. CONCLUSIONS: The patients with luminal A tumors showed a significantly association with greater likelihood of axillary lymph node metastasis. The patients with triple negative tumors, age over 55 years or tumors smaller than 2 cm showed a lower likelihood of axillary lymph node metastasis
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SAVOCA, Dario. "STUDIO DELLA BIODISTRIBUZIONE DI SOSTANZE BIOLOGICAMENTE ATTIVE IN ORGANISMI ACQUATICI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/564226.
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NANNELLI, CATERINA. "Somatic mutation rate and cancer: an exploratory study of mutant frequency in classical Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1157579.
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Oncogenesis is tightly related to the occurrence of somatic mutations. Somatic mutations are constantly produced by DNA replication processes, as the activity of DNA polymerases and DNA repair systems is highly efficient, but not perfect. The great part of spontaneous somatic mutations is irrelevant to cancer, but a very small fraction of them is oncogenic. Therefore, the individual predisposition to develop somatic mutations may be considered as a risk factor for tumor development. In order to investigate whether there is any association between the rate of occurrence of somatic mutations and the individual risk of developing cancer, we used the flow cytometry PIGA mutant assay to measure the mutant frequency in peripheral blood granulocytes of 177 healthy subjects and of a cohort of 195 patients affected by Philadelphia-negative classical MPN.
Books on the topic "Sentinel genes"
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Un pas, un sentier, une vie: Roman. Plantagenet, ON: Chardon bleu, 2010.
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Smith, Jad. Parallel Worlds. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037337.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter discusses the metaphor of parallel worlds as it relates to the work of John Brunner. Brunner once observed that while we all inhabit the same world, we live in and among parallel worlds. He believed that a good science-fiction writer should cultivate awareness of parallel forms of experience and open up vistas onto the future that make readers more mindful of them. In keeping with this view, he developed plots with an eye toward the possible interplay of parallel worlds, imagining zones of contact as native to human experience as the tense friendship of the WASP and “Afram” roomies Donald Hogan and Norman House in Stand on Zanzibar (1968), and as foreign to it as the alternate ecology and symbiotic biotechnologies of The Crucible of Time (1983). Throughout his career, he made a practice of conducting idiosyncratic “thought experiments” in his fiction. These ranged from mirroring the moves of a famous 1892 Steinitz-Chigorin chess game in the plot of The Squares of the City (1965) to exploring the ethical quandaries of artificial intelligence through the grafted consciousness of a sentient spaceship in A Maze of Stars (1991). Time and again, Brunner proved himself an idea merchant of the first and best order. His narrative ventures often brought together parallel genres just as dynamically as parallel worlds, and he enjoyed a lasting reputation for handling even conventional storylines and concepts with an alluring difference that made them distinct—and distinctly his.
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Keats, Jonathon. Virtual Words. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195398540.001.0001.
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The technological realm provides an unusually active laboratory not only for new ideas and products but also for the remarkable linguistic innovations that accompany and describe them. How else would words like qubit (a unit of quantum information), crowdsourcing (outsourcing to the masses), or in vitro meat (chicken and beef grown in an industrial vat) enter our language? In Virtual Words: Language on the Edge of Science and Technology, Jonathon Keats, author of Wired Magazine's monthly Jargon Watch column, investigates the interplay between words and ideas in our fast-paced tech-driven use-it-or-lose-it society. In 28 illuminating short essays, Keats examines how such words get coined, what relationship they have to their subject matter, and why some, like blog, succeed while others, like flog, fail. Divided into broad categories--such as commentary, promotion, and slang, in addition to scientific and technological neologisms--chapters each consider one exemplary word, its definition, origin, context, and significance. Examples range from microbiome (the collective genome of all microbes hosted by the human body) and unparticle (a form of matter lacking definite mass) to gene foundry (a laboratory where artificial life forms are assembled) and singularity (a hypothetical future moment when technology transforms the whole universe into a sentient supercomputer). Together these words provide not only a survey of technological invention and its consequences, but also a fascinating glimpse of novel language as it comes into being. No one knows this emerging lexical terrain better than Jonathon Keats. In writing that is as inventive and engaging as the language it describes, Virtual Words offers endless delights for word-lovers, technophiles, and anyone intrigued by the essential human obsession with naming.
Book chapters on the topic "Sentinel genes"
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Youseff, Brian H., and Chad A. Rappleye. "RNAi-Based Gene Silencing Using a GFP Sentinel System in Histoplasma capsulatum." In Host-Fungus Interactions, 151–64. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-539-8_10.
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Mehdipour, Parvin, and Fatemeh Karami. "Sentinel Gene Within Cell Territory and Molecular Platforms in Cancer: Methylation Diversity of p53 Gene in Brain Tumors." In Epigenetics Territory and Cancer, 221–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9639-2_8.
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Russell, Andrew. "‘Eloquence and Oracle’: Tobacco in Eighteenth-Century Life and Literature." In The Life of Breath in Literature, Culture and Medicine, 261–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74443-4_13.
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AbstractIn a seventeenth-century play, tobacco argues for the superiority of its ‘divine breath’ in distilling eloquence and oracle upon the tongue. This essay argues that tobacco’s arrival on European shores is reflected in two distinctive eighteenth-century literary genres, namely ‘object’- or ‘it’-narratives and the ‘poetry of attention’. Such literary works reflect eighteenth-century interest in questions of ‘sentient matter’ and ‘material agency’ and the increasingly detailed examination of nature demanded by empirical science. Using concepts derived from material culture studies and Actor-Network Theory, and examples from the deep history and current landscapes of tobacco in lowland South America, this essay argues that tobacco’s transit from ‘New’ to ‘Old’ World brought with it some cognitive changes that may have had a hitherto unrecognized influence on Enlightenment life and literature.
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"Breast surgery." In Oxford Handbook for Medical School, edited by Kapil Sugand, Miriam Berry, Imran Yusuf, Aisha Janjua, Chris Bird, David Metcalfe, Harveer Dev, et al., 623–34. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199681907.003.0032.
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Chapter 32 provides an overview of breast surgery including common presenting symptoms, an approach to clinical assessment, and the investigation and management of breast lumps. An approach to the clinical assessment of breast lumps is described, including helpful mnemonics to assist in the recall of the key questions to ask in a focused history (including appropriate identification of risk factors). A systematic approach to breast examination is presented, followed by the key imaging modalities used to identify a breast lump, including mammography, ultrasound, fine needle aspiration cytology, and sometimes magnetic resonance imaging. The pathophysiology and genetic contributions of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are described. The role of screening for breast cancer is described in detail, including commonly used descriptions of grading and staging of disease. The management of options including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and adjuvant treatment (such as tamoxifen, anastrozole, and trastuzumab) are provided. Common benign breast lumps include fibroadenomas, breast cysts, duct ectasia, breast abscesses, and fat necrosis and the presentation and management of each are described. Breast surgery may form part of the management of breast cancer and include mastectomy, wide local excision, sentinel lymph node biopsy, axillary dissection, and breast reconstruction at a later date. Essential clinical skills including focused history taking, a systematic approach to breast examination is provided.
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"Are Bacteria Sentient?" In The Enlightened Gene, 11–38. University Press of New England, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1xx9hgh.5.
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Masood, Shahla, Roberto Salgado, Peter Regitnig, and Rudi Pauwels. "The Status of Breast Pathology around the Globe." In Breast cancer: Global quality care, edited by Hans Junkermann, Wolfgang Buchberger, Sylvia Heywang-Köbrunner, Michael Michell, Alexander Mundinger, Carol Benn, and Sophia Zackrisson, 126–43. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198839248.003.0012.
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Abstract: Breast cancer has received remarkable attention at the global level, and as a result, substantial progress has been made over the past several years in the diagnosis and management of this disease. Emphasis on breast cancer screening and advances in breast imaging have led to increased early breast cancer detection. Minimally invasive sampling procedures such as fine needle aspiration biopsy and core needle biopsy have almost replaced open surgical biopsy. Breast conserving therapy and sentinel lymph node biopsy have become attractive alternatives to mastectomy and total axillary dissection. Advances in molecular diagnostics and targeted therapies have opened more effective options for individualised breast cancer therapy. In addition, discovery of breast cancer genes and recognition of breast cancer risk factors have provided opportunities for introducing various risk reduction modalities. Similarly, enhanced public awareness and the efforts of patient advocates have resulted in increased funding for breast cancer research. More importantly, integrated breast cancer care via a multidisciplinary approach has provided the foundation for the establishment of breast centres around the globe. The above-mentioned efforts have been complemented by the role that pathologists have played in the realization of these advancements. Pathologists have been central in the development, validation, implementation, and appropriateness of providing diagnostic and predictive/prognostic information. Throughout the years, pathologists have evolved from being a morphologist into becoming clinicians/scientists with in-depth understanding of integrated breast cancer care, research, and education. Currently, pathologists make the ultimate determination about the nature of a disease and help design the course of therapy for individualized patients.
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Bezerra-Neto, João P., Flávia C. Araújo, José R. C. Ferreira-Neto, Roberta L. O. Silva, Artemisa N. C. Borges, Mitalle K. S. Matos, Jéssica B. Silva, Manassés D. Silva, Ederson A. Kido, and Ana M. Benko-Iseppon. "NBS-LRR genes—Plant health sentinels: Structure, roles, evolution and biotechnological applications." In Applied Plant Biotechnology for Improving Resistance to Biotic Stress, 63–120. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-816030-5.00004-5.
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Odetti, L. M., M. F. Simoniello, P. A. Siroski, and G. L. Poletta. "The Broad-snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris): A Model Species for Environmental Pesticide Contamination Assessment Through Molecular Markers." In Bird and Reptile Species in Environmental Risk Assessment Strategies, 196–216. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781837670765-00196.
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Caiman latirostris, commonly known as the broad-snouted caiman, is considered to be a sentinel organism to evaluate the effect induced by different pesticides, since many populations living in the north-central region of Argentina are located in the vicinity of areas with high agricultural activity. To date, most of the biomarkers used to identify the impact of pesticides on this species include markers of DNA damage, oxidative damage to DNA and lipids, imbalances in antioxidant enzymes and immunological alterations. The possibility of applying gene expression markers in C. latirostris will allow the understanding of the specific significance of many pesticide-induced alterations observed through the aforementioned traditional biomarkers. The aim of this chapter is to present the usefulness of these molecular markers applied in C. latirostris blood to shed some more light on many physiological alterations caused by pesticides and previously detected by traditional toxicological biomarkers.
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Sousa, Ricardo, João Delgado, José A. González, Mafalda Freitas, and Paulo Henriques. "Marine Snails of the Genus Phorcus: Biology and Ecology of Sentinel Species for Human Impacts on the Rocky Shores." In Biological Resources of Water. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71614.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Sentinel genes"
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Feijão, Maria Clara Tomaz, Fernanda Pimentel Arraes Maia, Mateus Coelho Gondim de Oliveira Lima, Vitória Moreira Soares, and Luiz Gonzaga Porto Pinheiro. "CONCERNING A FAMILY WITH BRCA2 MUTATION." In XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1019.
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Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and represents a major obstacle to public health worldwide. The molecular diagnosis of this type of cancer is one of the main contemporary challenges in oncology, since it is hampered by a complex inheritance pattern, characterized by both genetic and environmental factors. Only a minority of breast cancers are explained by the presence of high penetrance gene mutations, such as those in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which together with mutations in intermediate penetrance genes explain only up to 25% of the risk. In fact, much of the genetic influence is elucidated by low penetrance variants. Mutations in the germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the most common alterations in cases of early onset or of family history of breast cancer. It is also important to acknowledge that BRCA2 mutations can increase the risk of developing other cancers. Some studies show a relation between BRCA2 mutations and the development of leukemia, especially acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Also, some of these mutations, when inherited from both parents, cause a rare form of Fanconi anemia, a syndrome associated with the development of AML. In addition, there are studies evaluating a higher risk of pancreatic and esophageal cancer in carriers of BRCA2 mutations. The risk of colorectal cancer is also increased in patients with BRCA1 mutations. However, there are also some authors who defend that BRCA2 mutations could also be related. The specific statistics are not well defined because of the lack of data focusing on the relationship with the aforecited types of cancers, demonstrating the need for further analysis. This study aims to report the case of a woman with breast cancer at an early age. Such malignancy is associated and was somehow induced by the rich family history, represented by the high prevalence of cancer in the ancestry. We report a 34-year-old woman with an extensive history of carcinoma in the family, who was diagnosed with breast cancer in July 2016. In order to confirm the diagnosis, it was required an ultrasound, which resulted in a 2.2×1.5 cm node on the right breast’s left superior quadrant, classified as BIRADS 4A. It also performed an ultrasound-guided biopsy that showed a tubular carcinoma on the right breast with the following characteristics: positive for estrogen and progesterone receptor, positive for KI 67 (5%), and negative for HER2, with staging of T1cN0M0. During anamnesis, the patient mentioned menarche at 12 years old, history of birth control pills use for 10 years, no pregnancy, and no breastfeeding. When it comes to family history, a great number of relatives were previously diagnosed with some type of cancer. Her paternal grandfather had rectum cancer at 42 years old and breast cancer at 62 years old. The paternal grandmother passed away because of a fast-progression leukemia at the age of 68. It is important to mention that her progenitors were first cousins. Furthermore, the patient’s dad was diagnosed with breast cancer at 62 years, alongside his three brothers who were also diagnosed with cancer: one with prostatic cancer at the age of 64 years and the other two with intestinal cancer at the ages of 64 and 68 years old. Considering such a family history, a genetic panel was performed, analyzing the genes related to hereditary cancer risk, and it identified mutations in the patient’s BRCA2 gene. Then, firstly, she performed a bilateral mastectomy in January 2017 with sentinel lymph node investigation, which was negative for neoplastic cells in the lymph nodes. Later, considering the BRCA2 mutation, in August 2017, the patient had to undergo prophylactic surgery: oophorectomy with salpingectomy.
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Gomes, Martha Velloso Murta, Nadya Alves de Sousa Guimarães, Thais Karla Vivan, and Vinicius Xavier de Santana. "SECOND BREAST CANCER IN A WOMAN WITH GENETIC SYNDROME." In XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1074.
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Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease and is the most common neurocutaneous syndrome. It results from a defect in the gene located on chromosome number 17 that produces the protein neurofibromin, involved in controlling cell growth. Women with NF1 have a higher risk of developing breast and contralateral breast cancers. There is a relationship between high estrogen receptor (ER) and worse survival, which is also affected by the low overall life expectancy of patients with neurofibromatosis. Given that data also suggest that there are genes that interact with the NF1 gene, particularly in relation to the Breast Cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) subset. The interaction of altered expression of the NF1 neurofibromin protein in breast cell lines with upregulation of Ras is not inhibited through the PI3K and Raf/MAPK/ERK pathways. Increased PI3K activity has often been related to poor survival and resistance to hormone treatment in ER-negative breast cancer, while elevated Ras/MAPK/ERK activity has been related to metastasis and poor survival in both ER positive and negative. Mutations and deletions in NF1 are even more prevalent in HER2-amplified breast cancer subtypes and in basal tumor subtypes. In fact, all women with NF1, such as the case reported below, should start screening for breast cancer from the age of 30 and not from the age of 50 as in women not affected by the disease, as well as adequate and early counseling of oncogenetic. MSF, 56 years old, female, with neurofibromatosis was treated for invasive ductal carcinoma (ICD) in the left breast, RH negative in 2006, with mastectomy and axillary emptying, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Menarche at age 17, menopause around age 41, at which time she underwent chemotherapy, was nulliparous, and denied hormone use. She had a negative family history. She was admitted to the Mastology Unit of the HBDF in March 2021 with an ultrasound examination of the right breast on February 19, 2021, BIRADs 4 at the expense of a solid, irregular nodular image and imprecise limits at 12 o’clock, measuring 21×16 mm. On physical examination, nodular lesions (neurofibromas) of varying sizes were observed, distributed throughout the trunk and limbs, and a 3 cm nodulation was palpated in the upper internal quadrante (QSM) of the right breast, close to the NAC with a negative axillae and plastron on the left, staging cT2N0M0 — IIA. Core biopsy confirms CDI, grade II, with ductal carcinoma in situ present, and luminal B-like immunohistochemistry (IHC). Staging tests without an evidence of distant disease. In July 2021, a mastectomy was performed with a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) on the right in view of the clinical staging and IHC profile, but of the four lymph nodes stained with patent blue, three were positive in intraoperative frozen section biopsy; therefore, the axilla was completed with dissection. The patient was discharged on the first postoperative day with weekly follow-up at an outpatient clinic, and the dressing was discharged in August 2021. Biopsy results confirmed a 6.5-cm ICD, grade III, ICD present with intermediate nuclear grade, and with all diseasefree margins. The patient was referred to a clinical oncology but arrived at the oncology more than 120 days after surgery, with time loss for adjuvant treatment.
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Lustosa, Alysson Bastos, João Paulo Holanda Soares, Iago Mateus Rocha Leite, Rilciane Maria dos Reis Ribeiro, and Olívio Feitosa Costa Neto. "SECRETORY CARCINOMA BREAST IN A YOUNG MAN." In XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1075.
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Introduction: Secretory carcinoma of the breast is a rare disease, accounting for approximately 0.15% of breast cancer cases. This entity was first described in a child in 1966. However, one of the largest case series with SEER data, encompassing a total of 190 patients, showed that the median age at diagnosis was 56 years, and it can affect both sexes, being much more common in women. In this same series, 58% and 40% of patients were positive for estrogen and progesterone hormone receptors, respectively. Most cases (86.86%) were well to moderately differentiated tumors without lymph node involvement. Older patients had a worse prognosis. In general, the secretory breast carcinoma has a more indolent course with excellent prognosis. The treatment is based mainly on surgery, followed by radiation therapy. The role of chemotherapy and hormone therapy in these cases is not yet well established in the literature. Parallel to basal-like breast cancer, the indolent clinical course as well as prolonged survival seems opposite to that of common triple-negative breast cancer. In most cases of secretory breast carcinoma, reaching a 92% positivity rate, there is a fusion of the ETV6-NTRK3 genes, activating aberrant cell proliferation pathways. Studies with NTRK inhibitors are being developed and will bring this therapeutic possibility soon. Due to the rarity of secretory carcinoma of the breast, notably in men, we report the case of a young man with this neoplasm. A.S.R., 20 years old, male, from Guaraciaba do Norte (CE), white, single, telecommunications technician, reported that he noticed a painless, small, stable nodule in his left breast in 2012. He did not seek medical help at the time. In June 2021, the patient suffered trauma to her left breast during a soccer match. After this event, she noticed a considerable growth of a nodule in the left breast, which became painful to palpation. He then sought medical attention in a health center and underwent an ultrasonography of the left breast in August 2021, which detected a hypoechoic nodular image, oval, with well-defined limits, and regular contours, measuring 16.1×9.6×13.7 cm, 1.8 mm away from the skin, without vascularization inside the nodule (CATEGORY: BIRADS 3); little amount of stromal and glandular tissue were observed. A core biopsy of the nodule, performed in August 26, 2022, showed atypical epithelial proliferation. Immunohistochemistry was compatible with hypersecretory atypical epithelial proliferation. After the diagnosis of secretory carcinoma of the breast, the patient was referred to the Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital, a reference hospital in oncologic treatment in the North/Northeast of Brazil, where he underwent a slide review and immunohistochemistry, which confirmed invasive carcinoma of the secretory type of breast. Staging CT scans and bone scintigraphy were performed in September 2021. Chest CT showed a nodule with irregular contours and contrast medium concentration in the left breast, in close contact with the retropectoral musculature, measuring 19×10×12 mm, in addition to adenomegaly in the right axillary region (levels I and II), measuring up to 38×27 mm. There were no other relevant findings, with no evidence of secondary disease in the abdomen and bones. Investigation of right axillary adenomegaly with core biopsy continued and was negative for neoplasia. Histological picture and immunohistochemical profile were compatible with mixed lymphoid hyperplasia, follicular, and interfollicular. In December 28, 2022, the patient underwent a left mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy, which revealed a secretory invasive carcinoma, measuring 1.9×1.5 cm, grade I, lymphovascular invasion, and negative margins, no lymph nodes were involved, nipple with compromised dermis and intraductal extension. Pathological staging: pT1c pN0 (sn-). The patient is currently on adjuvant systemic treatment (chemotherapy) with good tolerance.
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Punalekar, Suvarna M., Carole Planque, Patryk Poslajko, Richard Lucas, Sebastien Chognard, Christopher J. Owers, Peter Bunting, Daniel Clewley, and Claire Horton. "Mapping dominant genus/species types in natural and seminatural landscapes across Wales through application of Sentinel-2 time-series data." In Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology XXII, edited by Christopher M. Neale and Antonino Maltese. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2574005.
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BenHamadou1, Alexandra Leitao, Zenaba Khatir, Noora Al-Shamary, Hassan Hassan, Zainab Hizan, Aisha Al-Ashwal, Mark Chatting, et al. "Pearl Oyster: From National Icon To Guardian of Qatar's Marine Environment." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0051.
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The NPRP9-394-1-090 project “Pearl Oyster: from national icon to guardian of Qatar's marine environment” had as main aim to develop and apply an integrated suite of chemical and biological methods as early warning tools to assess the “health” of Qatar’s marine environment. The central theme consisted in an investigative monitoring program around the use of the pearl oyster, Pictada imbricata radiata, as a sentinel or guardian species. We have characterized the main environmental contaminants of concern at a selected number of sites around the Qatari coast (UmmBab, Al Khor, Al Wakra and Simaisma), during 2 years, in summer and winter. Potential ecological effects of contaminants (targeted and untargeted) were investigated at different biological organization levels (gene, chromosome, cell, individual, population), through a multidisciplinary approach, using classical and genotoxicological endpoints, integrative histopathology and transcriptomic responses to the different environmental stresses. To our knowledge, this is the first time an integrated approach connecting all these disciplines has been applied in the Qatari marine environment. We present here the main results, of this 3 years project, obtained in all different disciplinary approaches. The results of this project will leave a legacy of resources for future Qatari researchers, including an open access transcriptome data base and the first description of common pathologies observed in the pearl oyster P. i. radiata. Moreover, they will also represent a sound science-based baseline data essential for conservation and management planning, by integration of the data from all the different disciplines applied in the project to assess the potential ecological effects of contaminants at different biological levels.
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Majeske, Audrey J., Timothy J. Geddes, Richard Keidan, and George D. Wilson. "Abstract 2412: Development of a gene signature to predict positive or negative sentinel nodes as a prognostic marker in melanoma." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-2412.
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Majeske, Audrey J., Timothy J. Geddes, Richard Keidan, and George D. Wilson. "Abstract 2412: Development of a gene signature to predict positive or negative sentinel nodes as a prognostic marker in melanoma." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-2412.
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Küller, Marina Bellatti, Gabriela Marçal Rios, Gabriela Bezerra Nobrega, Jonathan Yugo Maesaka, and Jose Roberto Filassi. "LI-FRAUMENI SYNDROME: A CASE REPOR." In XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1051.
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Li-Fraumeni syndrome is a disease with an autosomal dominant inheritance of high penetrance and was originally described in 1969. The definitive diagnosis is based on the identification of a pathogenic variant in the TP53 gene. Birch and Chompret and classical models were used as the clinical criteria to identify individuals who are the candidates for molecular screening. It is responsible for about 1% of hereditary breast cancers and is related to other neoplasms, the most common sarcomas, leukemias, and adrenal carcinoma. Among the differential diagnoses, we can consider pathogenic variants of BRCA1/BRCA2 and Lynch syndrome. The behavior of cancer is usually similar to that of patients without Li-Fraumeni syndrome except for the age of early onset. Screening for the breast cancer with an annual magnetic resonance is recommended in women from the age of 20, colon cancer with colonoscopy every 2 or 5 years from the age of 25, and osteosarcoma and soft-tissue tumor with full-body resonance at an early age. Interventions are recommended for patients with a family history or individuals with a reported mutation. Mastectomy is generally recommended for women with breast cancer due to the risks of a second primary breast cancer or a second radiation-induced cancer. The risk of contralateral breast cancer in patients with TP53 diagnosed under 35 years of age is approximately 4%–7% per year. In this scenario, we bring a case report of a young female patient with synchronous tumors of maxillary osteosarcoma and breast cancer to study the approach, prevention, and guidance in these cases. N.O.B., 21 years old, single, born in São Paulo, nonparturient, mother’s death due to breast cancer at age 36, and sister’s death due to neuroblastoma at age 2. At the first medical appointment in June 2021, she complained of the presence of a nodule in her left breast persisting for 2 years and reported a palate lesion present for 1 month and with rapid growth, associated with existing oral cavity deformity. On the breast ultrasound examination performed in June 2021, a solid, hypoechogenic, irregular, microlobulated, nonparallel to skin was revealed, measuring 1.5×1.2×1.3 cm at 10 h of the left breast (BI-RADS classification®: 5). The pathological report from a directed biopsy of the nodule showed an invasive carcinoma of nonspecial histological type, estrogen receptor 80%, progesterone receptor 100%, Her2 negative, and Ki67 60% — clinical staging cT1N0. The examination of her palate lesions reported high histological osteosarcoma — cT1N0M0. Considering the double-tumor diagnosis plus the highly aggressive lesion of the patient’s palate, the team chooses to start the treatment with partial maxillectomy and bilateral infrastructure surgery, tracheostomy, and reconstruction with a microsurgical flap of the right fibula in July 2021. Later in October 2021, the patient’s treatment was followed by a combination of left adenomastectomy, left sentinel lymph node biopsy, and reconstruction with bilateral prosthesis. Due to family and personal history, she went through genetic testing for pathogenic mutation on the TP53 gene. Fertility preservation was performed with oocyte freezing. As an adjuvant treatment, it is scheduled for four cycles of docetaxel and cyclophosphamide. As prophylactic measures, the patient is expected for an adenectomy in the contralateral breast and to follow up with clinical examinations twice a year, as well as both mammography and MRI once a year.
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Nunes, Mirella Laranjeira, João Esberard de Vasconcelos Beltrão Neto, Rossano Robério Fernandes Araújo, Ana Leide Guerra dos Santos, and Guilherme Simão dos Santos Figueira. "A CASE REPORT OF BREAST CANCER TREATMENT IN TRANSGENDER MEN WITH BILATERAL SUBCUTANEOUS MASTECTOMY." In Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1090.
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Introduction: The risk of breast cancer in transgender men is similar to that of cisgender women. The average age at diagnosis is 44 years, suggesting an early incidence with greater tumor aggressiveness. It commonly presents as a palpable mass, years after masculinizing mastectomy, and has a histological subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma and luminal molecular subtype. Although there are no screening and treatment protocols for these cases, similar follow-up to CIS is recommended, including mastectomy, hormone therapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Case report: Patient, 42 years old, woman, transgender, nulliparous, no use of hormones, presented to an appointment asking for aesthetic mastectomy. She reported a family history of aunt and two cousins with breast cancer and a 32 year-old sister with atypical ductal hyperplasia. She identified a mass in the superolateral quadrant of the left breast through self-examination of the breasts. The mammography showed dense breasts, BIRADS 0. Breast ultrasound resulted in a solid, hypoechoic nodule, irregularly contoured, microlobulated, measuring 1.1x0.6 cm, between 2h and 3h, and about 3 cm from the areola of the left breast and BIRADS 5. Resonance imaging showed this hypointense nodule with lobulated contours measuring 1.3 x 0.6 cm, 3.3 cm from the nipple and 1.7 cm from the pectoral muscles. USG-guided thick needle biopsy diagnosed IDC (Invasive ductal carcinoma), histological grade 2, nuclear grade 3, with moderate stromal fibrosis, severe stromal elastosis, mild lymphocytic inflammatory infiltratation and vascular invasion present. It was 100% positive estrogen receptor and 50% positive progesterone receptor, with 12% Ki67 and negative HER-2, luminal molecular subtype A at immunohistochemistry. A bilateral skin and papillary areolar complex saving mastectomy was performed with sentinel node biopsy on the left. Anatomopathological examination showed absence of metastatic neoplasia in the lymph nodes and left breast with IDC in the retroareolar region, with the same characteristics as the previous biopsy. Pathological staging was T1N0M0 and anatomical staging and pathological prognosis was Ia. Oncotype DX Recurrence Score test was equal to 26. The patient was subjected to six cycles of Taxotere plus Cyclophosphamide and is using Tamoxifen and hormone with Androgel. We report a case of subcutaneous mastectomy used in an innovative way with preservation of the areola-papillary complex (APC), with an aesthetic contour of the chest wall and adjustment of the APC, allowing greater satisfaction in the experience of the genus. The same breast pathology that occurs in women should be expected in transgender women. So, we must consider that the focus on the aesthetic result may result in less precaution with the thickness of the remaining dermogreasy flap, with residual breast glandular tissue, and a higher risk of breast cancer.
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Maia, Fernanda Pimentel Arraes, Maria Clara Tomaz Feijão, Emanuel Cintra Austregésilo Bezerra, Ana Carolina Filgueiras Teles, and Luiz Gonzaga Porto Pinheiro. "MALE BREAST CANCER AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: A CASE REPORT." In XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1053.
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Male breast cancer (MBC) is an uncommon disease representing only 1% of the total cases. This low incident rate could be due to the low amount of breast tissue and the hormonal differences between men and women. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) program reported that the incidence rate of breast cancer was 1.1 per 100,000 men in the mid-1970s and raised to 1.44 per 100,000 men by 2010. There are a lot of characteristics that are common to male and female breast carcinomas, especially given the fact that a lot of the factors that influence malignant changes are similar, but there are also some singularities. In this matter, it is important to understand the existence of risk factors for MBC, particularly the genetic abnormalities, such as BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 mutations. Therefore, a man with this type of predisposition is more likely to develop breast cancer, especially if submitted to an immunosuppressive therapy, normally used to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs. This study aimed to report a case of a patient with chronic alcoholism history, who later developed a liver tumor and breast cancer. This patient reported gynecomastia, which could be related to his health condition, given the fact that liver failure and cirrhosis probably started preventing the inactivation of the estrogens by the liver, causing and stimulating proliferation of the mammary tissue, and increasing the chance of gene mutations. We report a 56-year-old man with a history of smoking, chronic alcoholism, and gynecomastia with 10 years of evolution who was diagnosed with cirrhosis and liver tumor in 2014. He underwent two sessions of a chemoradiotherapy treatment, resulting in reduction of the tumor size as a result. In 2015, the patient had a liver transplant. To prevent organ rejection, it was established an immunosuppressive therapy with tacrolimus 10 mg/day and myfortic 720 mg/day. In 2016, the patient noticed a breast lump and searched for medical assistance. At the appointment, after physical examination, the presence of a 2-×2-cm lump in the right breast was confirmed. A few examinations were requested, such as ultrasonography, which showed a BIRADS4 as a result, chest tomography, and abdominal tomography. The examinations concluded that the lump had a high probability of malignancy. Then, to confirm the suspicion, it was proposed the performance of a fine-needle aspiration of the lump was followed by a core biopsy. The results showed an invasive breast carcinoma positive for estrogen receptors, negative for progesterone receptors, negative for HER-2 oncoprotein, and KI67 5%. Therefore, the molecular classification by immunohistochemistry is a LUMINAL A, which indicates the possibility of a better prognosis. A few days later, the patient was submitted for a radical mastectomy on the right breast. During the surgery, it was also performed a sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) scintigraphy and analysis of the material collected from the right breast. The conclusion expressed positive screening for malignant cells, two lymph nodes compromised by macrometastasis (large focus measuring 1.2 cm with capsular transposition associated) and positive screening for malignant cells suggestive of carcinoma. The tumor, according to a grading system, presented a Scarff-Bloom Richardson modified by Elston and Ellis grade III, with tubular grade 3, nuclear grade 3, and mitotic index 2. It was also identified as focal tumor necrosis, vascular invasion, and perineural invasion. The pathological staging of the tumor was pT2 pN1a (SN+) pMx.
Reports on the topic "Sentinel genes"
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Bingham, Sonia, and Craig Young. Sentinel wetlands in Cuyahoga Valley National Park: I. Ecological characterization and management insights, 2008–2018. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2296885.
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Sentinel wetlands at Cuyahoga Valley National Park (NP) comprise a set of twenty important management areas and reference sites. These wetlands are monitored more closely than other wetlands in the wetlands monitoring program and are the focus of the volunteer monitoring program for water levels. We used the Ohio Rapid Assessment Method (ORAM) to evaluate habitat in the sentinel wetlands. A total of 37 long-term sample plots have been established within these wetlands to monitor biological condition over time using vegetation as an indicator. Vegetation is intensively surveyed using the Vegetation Index of Biotic Integrity (VIBI), where all plant species within the plot are identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible (genus or species). Sample plots were surveyed twice from 2008 to 2018 and the vegetation data were evaluated using five metrics: VIBI, Floristic Quality Assessment Index (FQAI), percent sensitive plant species, percent invasive graminoids, and species richness. These metrics are discussed for each location. This report also highlights relevant land use histories, common native plant species, and invasive species of concern at each wetland. This is the first report in a two-part series, designed to summarize the results from intensive vegetation surveys completed at sentinel wetlands in 2008–2018. Boston Mills, Virginia Kendall Lake, Stumpy Basin, Columbia, and Beaver Marsh are all in excellent condition at one or more plots. They have unique habitats with some specialized plant species. Fawn Pond is in good condition at most plots and scores very high in comparison to other wetlands within the riverine mainstem hydrogeomorphic class. Metric scores across mitigation wetlands were low. Two of the three wetlands (Brookside and Rockside) are not meeting the benchmarks originally established by the United States Army Corps of Engineers and Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. Krejci is still a young mitigation site and success will be determined over time. Park-supported invasive species control efforts will be crucial for long-term success of these sites and future mitigation/restoration projects. The wetlands monitored because of proposed ecological restoration projects (Pleasant Valley, Stanford, and Fawn Pond) have extensive invasive plant communities. These restoration sites should be re-evaluated for their feasibility and potential success and given an order of prioritization relative to the newer list of restoration sites. Cuyahoga Valley NP has added many new areas to their list of potential wetland restoration sites after these areas were selected, and there may be better opportunities available based on restoration objectives. Restoration goals should be based on the park's desired future conditions, and mitigation goals of outside partners may not always be in line with those. The multiple VIBI plots dispersed throughout the large wetlands at Cuyahoga Valley NP detected and illuminated spatial patterns in condition. Many individual wetlands had a wide range of VIBI scores within their boundaries, sometimes reflecting localized disturbances, past modifications, and management actions. Most often, these large fluctuations in condition were linked to local invasive plant infestations. These infestations appear to be the most obvious and widespread threat to wetland ecosystems within the park, but also the most controllable threat. Some sensitive species are still present in some of the lowest scoring plots, which indicates that invasive plant species control efforts may pay off immediately with a resurgence of native communities. Invasive plant control at rare habitat sites would have large payoffs over time by protecting some of the park's most unique wetlands. Reference wetlands would also be good demonstration sites for park managers to try to maintain exemplary conditions through active management. Through this work, park managers can evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness, and scalability of management practices required to maintain wetland condition.