Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sensory receptors

Academic literature on the topic 'Sensory receptors'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Sensory receptors"

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Yu, Jerry. "Deflation-activated receptors, not classical inflation-activated receptors, mediate the Hering-Breuer deflation reflex." Journal of Applied Physiology 121, no. 5 (November 1, 2016): 1041–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00903.2015.

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Many airway sensory units respond to both lung inflation and deflation. Whether those responses to opposite stimuli come from one sensor (one-sensor theory) or more than one sensor (multiple-sensor theory) is debatable. One-sensor theory is commonly presumed in the literature. This article proposes a multiple-sensor theory in which a sensory unit contains different sensors for sensing different forces. Two major types of mechanical sensors operate in the lung: inflation- and deflation-activated receptors (DARs). Inflation-activated sensors can be further divided into slowly adapting receptors (SARs) and rapidly adapting receptors (RARs). Many SAR and RAR units also respond to lung deflation because they contain DARs. Pure DARs, which respond to lung deflation only, are rare in large animals but are easily identified in small animals. Lung deflation-induced reflex effects previously attributed to RARs should be assigned to DARs (including pure DARs and DARs associated with SARs and RARs) if the multiple-sensor theory is accepted. Thus, based on the information, it is proposed that activation of DARs can attenuate lung deflation, shorten expiratory time, increase respiratory rate, evoke inspiration, and cause airway secretion and dyspnea.
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Montell, Craig. "Drosophila sensory receptors—a set of molecular Swiss Army Knives." Genetics 217, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyaa011.

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Abstract Genetic approaches in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, have led to a major triumph in the field of sensory biology—the discovery of multiple large families of sensory receptors and channels. Some of these families, such as transient receptor potential channels, are conserved from animals ranging from worms to humans, while others, such as “gustatory receptors,” “olfactory receptors,” and “ionotropic receptors,” are restricted to invertebrates. Prior to the identification of sensory receptors in flies, it was widely assumed that these proteins function in just one modality such as vision, smell, taste, hearing, and somatosensation, which includes thermosensation, light, and noxious mechanical touch. By employing a vast combination of genetic, behavioral, electrophysiological, and other approaches in flies, a major concept to emerge is that many sensory receptors are multitaskers. The earliest example of this idea was the discovery that individual transient receptor potential channels function in multiple senses. It is now clear that multitasking is exhibited by other large receptor families including gustatory receptors, ionotropic receptors, epithelial Na+ channels (also referred to as Pickpockets), and even opsins, which were formerly thought to function exclusively as light sensors. Genetic characterizations of these Drosophila receptors and the neurons that express them also reveal the mechanisms through which flies can accurately differentiate between different stimuli even when they activate the same receptor, as well as mechanisms of adaptation, amplification, and sensory integration. The insights gleaned from studies in flies have been highly influential in directing investigations in many other animal models.
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Yu, Jerry. "Spectrum of myelinated pulmonary afferents (III) cracking intermediate adapting receptors." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 319, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): R724—R732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00136.2020.

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Conventional one-sensor theory (one afferent fiber connects to a single sensor) categorizes the bronchopulmonary mechanosensors into the rapidly adapting receptors (RARs), slowly adapting receptors (SARs), or intermediate adapting receptors (IARs). RARs and SARs are known to sense the rate and magnitude of mechanical change, respectively; however, there is no agreement on what IARs sense. Some investigators believe that the three types of sensors are actually one group with similar but different properties and IARs operate within that group. Other investigators (majority) believe IARs overlap with the RARs and SARs and can be classified within them according to their characteristics. Clearly, there is no consensus on IARs function. Recently, a multiple-sensor theory has been advanced in which a sensory unit may contain many heterogeneous sensors, such as both RARs and SARs. There are no IARs. Intermediate adapting unit behavior results from coexistence of RARs and SARs. Therefore, the unit can sense both rate and magnitude of changes. The purpose of this review is to provide evidence that the multiple-sensor theory better explains sensory unit behavior.
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Birder, Lori A., and Edward R. Perl. "Cutaneous Sensory Receptors." Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 11, no. 6 (November 1994): 534–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004691-199411000-00002.

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Burnside, Beth. "Cytoskeletal functions in sensory receptors." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 796–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100155955.

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Since the shapes of sensory receptors are so exquisitely specialized for mediating their unique functions, the cytoskeletons of sensory cells are deployed for morphogenetic and motile objectives in particularly interesting ways. Receptors erect cytoskeletal scaffolding to support two basic sorts of surface elaborations: 1) those designed to achieve the most effective presentation of specialized membrane laden with receptor proteins (photoreceptors, olfactory receptors, taste cells, and chemoreceptors), and 2) those designed to respond directly to mechanical perturbations in the cell's environment (auditory hair cells, mechanoreceptors). Each of these receptor types has specific structural requirements.Sensory receptors have built their surface elaborations upon either microtubule- or actin-based scaffoldings. Microtubule-based scaffoldings have evolved from motile cilia, and the axoneme has been modified to various ends. All ciliary-derived receptors so far described, except (curiously) those from the worm Caenorhabdites elegans, are associated with basal bodies which nucleate the assembly of surface specializations. The mechanisms for elaborating the myriad membrane specializations associated with ciliary receptors are not yet understood. Recently it has been shown that in vertebrate photoreceptors, actin is not required for the addition of membrane to the outer segment, but it is required for the proper assembly of new disks .
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Adetunla, Adedotun O., Olanrewaju Kolade, Adeyinka M. Adeoye, and Saheed Akande. "Development of a Prototype Sensory Device as a Substitute for Single Sided Deaf People in Developing Nations." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 55, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.550608.

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Hearing loss is the inability to hear sounds ranging from 20 decibels or more in one or both ears. It can affect one or both ears and leads to difficulty in hearing speech or sounds in general. Single-sided deafness or unilateral hearing loss is a very widespread disability. However, most people only see hearing loss as being a binary problem assuming that you either have perfect hearing in both ears or are completely deaf in both ears, and dismiss the other types of hearing loss. Sensory substitution involves remapping the information gathered by one sensory receptor to another. Sensory receptors regardless of the signals they receive or capture, all encode the gathered information as electrochemical signals. This biological property of sensory receptors, coupled with the human brain’s neuroplasticity allows sensory receptors to be substituted, giving rise to new methods of sensory perception. This study aims to develop a sensory device known as a localizer. The localizer detects sound using numerous sound sensors, and feeds the input to the microcontrollers which then use the input to control the eccentric mass motor by implementing various motor drivers. The results gotten from this prototype device shows great improvement in the ability of a single-sided deaf person to localize sound.
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Jablońska, Beata, and Jolanta Skangiel-Kramska. "Sensory conditioning and sensory stimulation do not affect GABAA receptor binding in the barrel field of mice." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 55, no. 4 (December 31, 1995): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-1995-1088.

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The whisker-to-barrel system of adult mice was used in a study on the effects of short-lasting tactile stimulation and sensory conditioning training on GABAA receptor binding in the barrel field of somatosensory cortex. In vitro receptor binding autoradiography was used to examine the pattern and intensity of [3H]muscimol binding to GABAA receptors. A well-defined pattern of GABAA receptors in the barrel field remained unaffected after both procedures used. Also, no differences in intensity of GABAA receptor binding were observed. These results suggest that GABAA receptors are not involved in the plastic changes developing during sensory conditioning training.
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Julius, D., and J. Nathans. "Signaling by Sensory Receptors." Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology 4, no. 1 (November 22, 2011): a005991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a005991.

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Proske, U., J. E. Gregory, and A. Iggo. "Sensory receptors in monotremes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 353, no. 1372 (July 29, 1998): 1187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1998.0275.

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This is a summary of the current knowledge of sensory receptors in skin of the bill of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus , and the snout of the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus . Brief mention is also made of the third living member of the monotremes, the long–nosed echidna, Zaglossus bruijnii . The monotremes are the only group of mammals known to have evolved electroreception. The structures in the skin responsible for the electric sense have been identified as sensory mucous glands with an expanded epidermal portion that is innervated by large–diameter nerve fibres. Afferent recordings have shown that in both platypuses and echidnas the receptors are excited by cathodal (negative) pulses and inhibited by anodal (positive) pulses. Estimates give a total of 40 000 mucous sensory glands in the upper and lower bill of the platypus, whereas there are only about 100 in the tip of the echidna snout. Recordings of electroreceptor–evoked activity from the brain of the platypus have shown that the largest area dedicated to somatosensory input from the bill, S1, shows alternating rows of mechanosensory and bimodal neurons. The bimodal neurons respond to both electrosensory and mechanical inputs. In skin of the platypus bill and echidna snout, apart from the electroreceptors, there are structures called push rods, which consist of a column of compacted cells that is able to move relatively independently of adjacent regions of skin. At the base of the column are Merkel cell complexes, known to be type I slowly adapting mechanoreceptors, and lamellated corpuscles, probably vibration receptors. It has been speculated that the platypus uses its electric sense to detect the electromyographic activity from moving prey in the water and for obstacle avoidance. Mechanoreceptors signal contact with the prey. For the echidna, a role for the electrosensory system has not yet been established during normal foraging behaviour, although it has been shown that it is able to detect the presence of weak electric fields in water. Perhaps the electric sense is used to detect moving prey in moist soil.
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DeMaria, Shannon, and John Ngai. "The cell biology of smell." Journal of Cell Biology 191, no. 3 (November 1, 2010): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201008163.

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The olfactory system detects and discriminates myriad chemical structures across a wide range of concentrations. To meet this task, the system utilizes a large family of G protein–coupled receptors—the odorant receptors—which are the chemical sensors underlying the perception of smell. Interestingly, the odorant receptors are also involved in a number of developmental decisions, including the regulation of their own expression and the patterning of the olfactory sensory neurons' synaptic connections in the brain. This review will focus on the diverse roles of the odorant receptor in the function and development of the olfactory system.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sensory receptors"

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Piñón, Luzia Giraldez Pereira. "Neurotrophin switching in developing sensory neurons." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14774.

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The main aim of this project was to define the neurotrophin survival requirements of sensory neurons during the early stages of their development both in vivo and in vitro. The in vitro survival of neural crest-derived but not placode-derived cranial sensory neurons is promoted by several different neurotrophins early in their development. Neural crest-derived neurons subsequently lose responsiveness to all neurotrophins except NGF. Loss of responsiveness of neural crest-derived sensory neurons to BDNF and NT3 is associated with a marked shift in the dose responses of these neurons to higher neurotrophin concentrations. Analysis of the timing of cell death in the trigeminal ganglia of mouse embryos that are homozygous for null mutations in the TrkA, TrkB and TrkC genes which encode high affinity receptors for NGF, BDNF and NT3 respectively, show that there is an early peak of apoptosis in TrkB and TrkC knockouts which is consistent with the early survival response of trigeminal neurons to BDNF and NT3 in vitro. The elevated peak of apoptosis in TrkA knockouts occurs at the same development stages as in wild type embryos which is consistent with the later response of trigeminal neurons to NGF in vitro. Furthermore, there is a high level of expression of TrkC mRNA in early trigeminal neurons which accords with the early survival response of these neurons to NTS. It is also shown that subsets of trigeminal neurons discriminate between neurotrophins at very high concentrations during the period of cell death, indicating that neurotrophin responses can be far more highly specific than previously thought. Taken together, these results show that neurotrophin switching is a physiologically relevant phenomenon in certain populations of developing sensory neurons.
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Overend, Tim. "The effect of frusemide on intrapulmonary sensory receptors." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337788.

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Assis, Temilce Simoes de. "Characterisation of P2 receptors expressed in sensory neurones." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288723.

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Brumovsky, Pablo R. "Neuropeptides, sensory neurons and pain modulation /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-442-2/.

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Hörnberg, Maria. "Effects of retinoic acid in the mouse olfactory sensory systems /." Umeå : Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1371.

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Karchewski, Laurie Ann. "Neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors in adult primary sensory neurons." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0034/NQ63884.pdf.

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Meira, Guilherme Louzada Silva. "Analíse da expressão do receptor olfativo M93 em sistemas heterólogos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-31082016-115408/.

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O sistema olfatório de mamífero pode discriminar milhares de odores presentes no meio ambiente. Aproximadamente 1000 diferentes receptores olfatórios (ORs) são expressos no epitélio olfatório (OE) do nariz, Os ORs detectam os odores e transmitem os sinais resultantes para o bulbo olfatório (OB) no cérebro. Os ORs pertencem a super família dos receptores acoplados a proteína G (GPCR) e apresentam sete domínios transmembrânicos putativos. Por razões desconhecidas, os ORs são retidos no retículo endoplasmático quando expressos em linhagens de células de mamíferos heterólogas. Provavelmente, proteínas acessórias sejam requeridas para o endereçamento dos Ors para a superficie celular. No presente estudo, utilizamos o OR M93 para estudar os mecanismos de expressão de um ORo A dissertação teve como objetivos específicos: (l) construção de um vetor para expressão do OR M93 em fusão com GFP em levedura e análise de sua localização celular; (2) identificar proteínas expressas no epitélio olfatório de camundongo que interajam com os ORs. A análise por microscopia de fluorescência revelou que a expressão do OR M93 fusionado a GFP demonstrou um padrão de fluorescência que sugere a retenção do OR M93 no retículo endoplasmático. Nós utilizamos o sistema de duplo híbrido em levedura para varrer uma biblioteca de cDNA de epitélio olfatório de camundongo com uma isca correspondente à região N-terminal do OR M93. Quatro proteínas candidatas foram identificadas: HLA-B associado ao transcrito 3 (BAT-3/ Scythe), superfamília transmembrana 4 (membro CD82), superfamília transmembrana 4 (membro OAP-I) e sindecan (membro SDC2) (\"GenBank accession numbers\": BC026647, D14883, BC0430n e BC047144). A análise da hibridação in situ destas proteínas, revelou que a proteína OAP-1 é a melhor candidata a interação com OR M93. Dessa maneira, nós indicamos a proteína OAP-1 como possível proteína candidata a auxiliar o OR a ser expresso de maneira funcional em sistemas heterólogos.
The mammalian olfactory system can discrim inate thousands of odorants present in the environrnent. Approximately 1000 different olfactory receptors (ORs) are expressed in the olfactory epithelium (OE) of the nose. The ORs detect odorants and transmit the resulting signals to the olfactory bulb (OB) of the brain. ORs belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) super family and have seven putative transmembrane domains. For unknown reasons, the ORs are retained in the endoplasmatic reticulum when expressed in heterologous mammalian cell lines. Probably accessory proteins are required for the sorting of the ORs to the cell surface. In the present work, we used the OR M93 to study the mechanisms of OR expression. Our goals were to (1) construct an expression vector for OR M93 in fusion with GFP in yeast and (2) to identify proteins expressed in the mouse OE that interact with ORs. The analysis by fluorescence microscopy suggested that OR M93 in fusion with GFP was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of yeast. We used the yeast two-hybrid system to screen a mouse OE cDNA library with a bait corresponding to the N-terminal region ofthe üR M93. Four potential candidates were identified: HLA-B associated transcript 3 (BAT-3/Scythe), transmembrane 4 superfamily (CD82 member), transmembrane 4 superfamily (TSPN-3 member) and syndecan (SDC2). In situ hybridization analysis suggests that OAP-l protein represents the best candidate for interaction with OR M93. We suggest the OAP-l protein could be an accessory protein required for the sorting of the ORs to the cell surface in heterologous cell lines.
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Jones, Christopher M. "Expression and folding studies of the ankyrin repeat domain of the capsaicin receptor." Click here for download, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/villanova/fullcit?p1432833.

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Johnson, Claire. "Sensory and chemical analysis of the bitter-sweet taste interaction." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262530.

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Salazar, Eduardo 1962. "GABAᴀ Receptors in Rat Whisker Barrel Cortex: Effects of Sensory Deprivation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279232/.

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The GABAergic system in adult sensory cortex is affected by sensory deprivation, but little is known about how this predominant inhibitory system is affected during ontogeny. The present study investigates developmental effects of whisker trimming on GABAa receptors in rat barrel cortex. Rats trimmed for 6 wk beginning at birth and adulthood showed similar decreases in [3H]muscimol binding in deprived relative to non-deprived barrels, suggesting absence of a critical period.
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Books on the topic "Sensory receptors"

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W, Hamann, Iggo Ainsley, and Chinese University of Hong Kong., eds. Transduction and cellular mechanisms in sensory receptors. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1988.

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Lee, Spudich John, and Satir Birgit H, eds. Sensory receptors and signal transduction. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1991.

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Symposium on Regeneration of Vertebrate Sensory Receptor Cells (1990 : Ciba Foundation), ed. Regeneration of vertebrate sensory receptor cells. Chichester: Wiley, 1991.

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Sukhov, A. G. Neĭronnai͡a︡ organizat͡s︡ii͡a︡ taktilʹnogo analizatora krysy. Rostov-na-Donu: Izd-vo Rostovskogo universiteta, 1992.

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P, Corey David, and Roper Stephen D, eds. Sensory transduction: Society of General Physiologists, 45th annual symposium, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 5-8 Sept. 1991. New York: Rockefeller University Press, 1992.

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C, Goris Richard, and Terashima Shin-ichi, eds. Infrared receptors and the trigeminal sensory system. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic, 1998.

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E, Vartani͡a︡n M., ed. Neuronal receptors, endogenous ligands, and biotechnical approaches. Madison, Conn: International Universities Press, 1988.

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1994), Göttinger Neurobiologentagung (22nd, and Göttinger Neurobiologentagung (22nd 1994). Sensory transduction: Proceedings of the 22nd Göttingen Neurobiology Conference 1994 = Sensorische transduktion : Beitrage zur 22. Göttinger Neurobiologentagung 1994. Stuttgart: G. Thieme, 1994.

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J, Correia Manning, and Perachio Adrian A, eds. Contemporary sensory neurobiology: Proceedings of the Third Symposium of the Galveston Chapter of the Society for Neuroscience, held in Galveston, Texas, May 14 and 15, 1984. New York: Liss, 1985.

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Mirsky, Vladimir M. Artificial Receptors for Chemical Sensors. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sensory receptors"

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Park, Kwang Suk. "Sensory Receptors." In Humans and Electricity, 123–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20784-6_6.

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Gutman, Sharon A., and Marianne H. Mortera. "Sensory Receptors." In Quick Reference Neuroscience for Rehabilitation Professionals, 134–51. 4th ed. New York: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003526223-9.

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Iggo, Ainsley. "Sensory Receptors, Cutaneous." In Sensory Systems: II, 109–10. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6760-4_47.

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Stuart, Douglas G. "Muscle Receptors, Mammalian." In Sensory Systems: II, 51–53. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6760-4_23.

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Rambaud, Loïc, and Laurence Kocher. "Skin Sensory Receptors." In Measuring the skin, 659–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08585-1_66.

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Holzer, Peter. "Acid-Sensitive Ion Channels and Receptors." In Sensory Nerves, 283–332. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79090-7_9.

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Bignetti, E., S. Grolli, and R. Ramoni. "Molecular and Cellular Receptors in Olfaction: A Novel Model under Investigation." In Sensory Transduction, 99–106. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5841-1_7.

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Willis, William D., and Richard E. Coggeshall. "Sensory Receptors and Peripheral Nerves." In Sensory Mechanisms of the Spinal Cord, 19–90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0035-3_2.

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Willis, William D., and Richard E. Coggeshall. "Sensory Receptors and Peripheral Nerves." In Sensory Mechanisms of the Spinal Cord, 19–90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0037-7_2.

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Nishio, Takeshi, Shinobu Koike, Hiroyuki Okano, and Yasuo Hisa. "Sensory Receptors and Nerve Endings." In Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology of the Larynx, 3–10. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55750-0_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sensory receptors"

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Yu, Jerry, Yuwen He, Huafeng Li, Jerome Walker, Bogdan Moldoveanu, and Juan Guardiola. "Does Hydrogen Sulfide Stimulate Airway Sensory Receptors?" In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a5547.

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Sarvestani, Alireza S., and Arsha Moorthy. "Spontaneous Enlargement of Receptor Clusters in Response to Pulling Traction." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-89397.

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Abstract Most adherent cells are capable of sensing the external forces and probing the mechanical properties of their surroundings. These are classical hallmarks of what is termed mechanotransduction. Mechanotransduction is generally attributed to the sensory functions of focal adhesion (FA) proteins upon activation by mechanical stimuli. A striking feature of cell mechanosensing is the growth of FAs in response to increased cytoskeletal or extracellular tension. Despite growing knowledge about the molecular structures of cell focal adhesions, it has remained elusive as to how these anchorage points grow and how their sensory function operates. The aim of this contribution is to show that force-dependent enlargement of FAs could be driven by spontaneous clustering of transmembrane receptors, independent from active sensory mechanisms. The elasticity of bonds is the key regulator of this process. The mechanical work associated with the cytoskeletal tension alters the free energy landscape and facilitates the recruitment of free receptors to establish new bonds with ligands. Therefore, mechanotransduction could be the manifestation of a thermodynamic process in cell FAs to achieve the state of minimum free energy, independent from the sensory function of molecular sensors in FAs, as postulated in available models.
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Porcino, Caterina. "NEUROTROPHINS, TRK-RECEPTORS AND CALCIUM BINDING PROTEIN LOCALIZATION IN MECHANOSENSORY SYSTEMS AND RETINA OF NOTHOBRANCHIUS GUENTHERI." In Dubai International Conference on Research in Life-Science & Healthcare, 22-23 February 2024. Global Research & Development Services, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/icrlsh.2024.4243.

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Neurotrophins are growth factors playing a crucial role in the survival, differentiation, development, and plasticity of neurons. They exert their effects by binding to specific receptors (Trks) in the central and peripheral nervous systems, including sensory organs. Calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) are also present in these systems. They are involved in essential physiological functions related to calcium ions, such as nerve impulse transmission, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and transmission. Further, CaBPs are supposed to be involved in neuron protection. Neurotrophins and CaBPs perform their roles in various vertebrates, including fish. Nonetheless, based on existing knowledge, there is no record of the presence of neurotrophins in the sensory organs of Nothobranchius guentheri. Due to its relatively short lifespan, N. guentheri has emerged as a valuable model for aging studies, holding significant relevance in the field of translational medicine. As a teleost, its sensory systems share several morphological and functional similarities with mammals, including humans. However, unlike mammals, fish sensory organs keep the regeneration capability. In light of this, the present research sought to identify the neurotrophin-receptor systems and calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) in the mechanosensory organs and retina of N. guentheri. Utilizing immunoperoxidase, single, and double immunofluorescence methods, the investigation unveiled the localization of neurotrophins and CaBPs in the inner ear, neuromasts of the lateral line system, and retinal cells of N. guentheri. This newfound information indicates the influence of these proteins on the biology of N. guentheri, reinforcing its suitability as a model for aging studies. The implications of these findings could significantly contribute to research on age-related neurodegeneration within the realm of translational medicine.
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Liu, Jun, Nana Song, and Jerry Yu. "Are Sensory Receptors Bigger In Large Airways Than In Small Airways?" In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a2148.

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Wortley, M. A., S. J. Bonvini, J. J. Adcock, E. D. Dubuis, S. A. Maher, R. B. Penn, M. G. Belvisi, and M. A. Birrell. "Agonism of EP4 Receptors Expressed on Airway Sensory Nerves Inhibits Cough." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a2862.

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Wortley, Michael A., Sara J. Bonvini, John J. Adcock, Eric D. Dubuis, Sarah A. Maher, Raymond B. Penn, Maria G. Belvisi, and Mark A. Birrell. "EPAC drives the anti-tussive effect of EP4 receptors on airway sensory nerves." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.4562.

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Taylor, Graham, Donald Leo, and Andy Sarles. "Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxin/A Insertion Using an Encapsulated Interface Bilayer." In ASME 2012 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2012-8101.

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Many signaling mechanisms in living cells occur at biological boundaries via cell surface receptors and membrane proteins embedded in lipid bilayers. The coordination of actions of sensory and motor neurons in the nervous system represents one example of many that heavily depends on lipid membrane bound receptor mediated signaling. As a result, chemical and biological toxins that disrupt these neural signals can have severe physiological effects, including paralysis and death. Botulinum neurotoxin Type A (BoNT/A) is a proteolytic toxin that inserts through vesicle membranes and cleaves membrane receptors involved with synaptic acetylcholine uptake and nervous system signal conduction. In this work, we investigate the use of a Bioinspired liquid-supported interface bilayer for studying the insertion of BoNT/A toxin molecules into synthetic lipid bilayers. DPhPC lipid bilayers are formed using the regulated attachment method (RAM), as developed by Sarles and Leo, and we perform current measurements on membranes exposed to BoNT/A toxin to characterize activity of toxin interacting with the synthetic bilayer. Control tests without toxin present are also presented. The results of these tests show an increase in the magnitude of current through the bilayer when the toxin is included. We interpret these initial results to mean that incorporation of BoNT/A toxin at a high concentration in an interface bilayer increases the permeability of the membrane as a result of toxin molecules spanning the thickness of the bilayer.
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Jiang, Biwang, Yan Zhang, Shailesh Sahay, Sudipta Chatterjee, and Wayne E. Jones, Jr. "Conjugated polymers containing pendant terpyridine receptors: highly efficient sensory materials for transition-metal ions." In Photonics East '99, edited by Ronald E. Shaffer and Radislav A. Potyrailo. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.371294.

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Sarlo, Rodrigo, and Donald Leo. "Airflow Sensing With Arrays of Hydrogel Supported Artificial Hair Cells." In ASME 2015 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2015-9014.

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The hair cell is a biological sensor that uses microscopic hair-like structures to detect delicate motions of surrounding fluid. Inspired by this principle, we have created an artificial hair cell (AHC) sensory method based on biomolecular transduction for sensing spatial variations in air flow. The key feature of this method is the use of one-dimensional arrays built from modular AHC units which measure local velocity at different points in a flow profile. Each of the AHC units uses thinly extruded glass fibers as mechanical receptors of air velocity. Hair vibrations are converted to current via hydrogel-supported lipid bilayer membranes through their mechanocapacitive properties. Preliminary tests with linear arrays of three AHC units attempt to measure the air source profile with varying position and intensity. Each unit was fabricated with a hair of different length, giving it a unique vibrational response. This technique was inspired by how organisms use hair cells with tuned responses to mechanically process flow stimuli. A significant challenge in processing the sensors’ output was the limitation of one input channel on the current measurement unit, thus each sensor output had to be sent over the same channel. When several AHC units are excited simultaneously by an airflow, the resulting signal is a superposition of each sensor’s individual response. To separate the signals back into their individual measurements, the Hair Frequency Response Decomposition method is developed, which maps the spectral content of a combined output to the location of excitation in the array. This method takes advantage of the AHC’s high signal-to-noise ratio (compared to other membrane-based AHCs) and linear output response to flow velocity. Results show that the bilayers’ consistent spectral responses allow for an accurate localization of sensor excitation within the array. However, temporal variations in bilayer size affect sensitivity properties and make accurate flow velocity estimation difficult. Nevertheless, under stable bilayer conditions the measured velocity profiles matched closely with theoretical predictions. The implementation of the array sensing method demonstrates the sensory capability of bilayer-based AHC arrays, but highlights the difficulties of achieving consistent performance with bio-molecular materials.
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Turano, Kathleen, Susan Herdman, and Teresa Spears. "Postural Stability in Low-Vision Subjects: A Preliminary Investigation." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1992.sub3.

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It is widely recognized that postural stabilization is multisensory. The normal anterior-posterior (AP) body sway of an individual results in visual cues of postural instability such as changes in apparent stimulus movement, image size and retinal disparity. Changes in pressure on the skin, muscle and joint receptors as well as changes in angular/translational head movements and head position also serve as somatosensory and vestibular cues to postural instability. Although it is known that information about postural stability is available from each of the three sensory modalities, little is known about how they interact.
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Reports on the topic "Sensory receptors"

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Pravdov and Akinfeev. THE PROBLEM OF YOUNG GOALKEEPERS’ TECHNICAL TRAINING ANALYSIS IN FOOTBALL IN TERMS OF THE SENSORY RECEPTORS FUNCTIONS DEVELOPMENT OF VISUAL AND VESTIBULAR SENSORY SYSTEMS. Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Vocational Education "Povolzhskaya State Academy of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism" Naberezhnye Chelny, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.14526/48_2013_22.

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Naim, Michael, Gary R. Takeoka, Haim D. Rabinowitch, and Ron G. Buttery. Identification of Impact Aroma Compounds in Tomato: Implications to New Hybrids with Improved Acceptance through Sensory, Chemical, Breeding and Agrotechnical Techniques. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585204.bard.

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The tomato, a profitable vegetable crop in both the USA and Israel, has benefited significantly from intensive breeding efforts in both countries, and elsewhere (esp. Holland). : Modem hybrids are highly prolific and resistant to a variety of major pests. They produce attractive, firm fruit for both processing and fresh-marketing. In all cases, however, reduction in flavor and aroma have occurred concomitantly with the increase in yield. Sugars-acids ratio dominate fruit taste, whereas aroma volatiles (potent at minute ppb and ppt levels) contribute to the total characteristic tomato flavor. An increase in sugars (1-2%) contributes significantly to tomato fruit taste. However, because of energy reasons, an increase in fruit sugars is immediately compensated for by a decrease in yield. Our main objectives were to: (a) pinpoint and identify the major impact aroma components of fresh tomato; (b) study the genetic and environmental effects on fruit aroma; (c) determine precursors of appealing (flavors) and repelling (off-flavors) aroma compounds in tomato. Addition of saturated salts blocked all enzymatic activities prior to isolation of volatiles by dynamic and static headspace, using solvent assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) and solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) from highly favored (FA-612 and FA-624) and less preferred (R 144 and R 175) tomato genotypes. Impact aroma components were determined by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- MS) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). The potent odorant (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one, was identified for the first time in fresh tomato. From the ca. 400 volatile compounds in the headspace of fresh tomato, the following compounds are proposed to be impact aroma compounds: (Z)-3-hexenal, hexanal, 1-penten-3-one, 2-phenylethanol, (E)-2-hexenal, phenyl acetaldehyde, b-ionone, b-damascenone, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3-(2H)-furanone (FuraneolR), (Z)-l,5-octadien-3-one, methional, 1-octen-3-one, guaiacol, (E,E)- and (E,Z)- 2,4-decadienal and trans- and cis-4,5-EPOXY -(E)-2-decenal. This confirms the initial hypothesis that only a small number of volatiles actually contribute to the sensation of fruit aroma. Tomato matrix significantly affected the volatility of certain impact aroma components and thus led to the conclusion that direct analysis of molecules in the headspace . may best represent access of tomato volatiles to the olfactory receptors. Significant differences in certain odorants were found between preferred and less-preferred cultivars. Higher consumer preference was correlated with higher concentrations of the following odorants: l-penten-3-one, (Z)-3-hexenal, (E,E)- and (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal and especially Furaneol, whereas lower consumer preference was associated with higher concentrations of methional, 3-methylbutyric acid, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-phenylethanol, and 2-isobutylthiazole. Among environmental factors (salinity, N source, growth temperature), temperature had significant effects on the content of selected aroma compounds (e.g., 3-methylbutanal, 1- penten-3-one, hexanal, (Z)-3-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenal, 2-isobutylthiazole, 6-methyl-5-hepten- 2-one, 1-octen-3-one, methional, 2-phenylethanal, phenyl acetaldehyde, and eugenol) in fresh tomatoes. Salt stress (20 mM NaCl) increased the content of odorants such as (Z)-3-hexenal, 2-phenylethanol and 3-methylbutanal in the R-144 cultivar whereas salinity had minor effects on 1-pentene-3-one, 2-isobutylthiazole and b-ionone. This fundamental knowledge obtained by comprehensive investigation, using modem chemical, sensory and agrotechnical methodology will assist future attempts to genetically modify the concentrations of key odorants in fresh tomatoes, and thus keep the tomato production of Israel and the USA competitive on the world market.
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Naim, Michael, Andrew Spielman, Shlomo Nir, and Ann Noble. Bitter Taste Transduction: Cellular Pathways, Inhibition and Implications for Human Acceptance of Agricultural Food Products. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695839.bard.

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Historically, the aversive response of humans and other mammals to bitter-taste substances has been useful for survival, since many toxic constituents taste bitter. Today, the range of foods available is more diverse. Many bitter foods are not only safe for consumption but contain bitter constituents that provide nutritional benefits. Despite this, these foods are often eliminated from our current diets because of their unacceptable bitterness. Extensive technology has been developed to remove or mask bitterness in foods, but a lack of understanding of the mechanisms of bitterness perception at the taste receptor level has prevented the development of inhibitors or efficient methods for reducing bitterness. In our original application we proposed to: (a) investigate the time course and effect of selected bitter tastants relevant to agricultural products on the formation of intracellular signal molecules (cAMP, IP3, Ca2+) in intact taste cells, in model cells and in membranes derived therefrom; (b) study the effect of specific bitter taste inhibitors on messenger formation and identify G-proteins that may be involved in tastant-induced bitter sensation; (c) investigate interactions and self-aggregation of bitter tastants within membranes; (d) study human sensory responses over time to these bitter-taste stimuli and inhibitors in order to validate the biochemical data. Quench-flow module (QFM) and fast pipetting system (FPS) allowed us to monitor fast release of the aforementioned signal molecules (cGMP, as a putative initial signal was substituted for Ca2+ ions) - using taste membranes and intact taste cells in a time range below 500 ms (real time of taste sensation) - in response to bitter-taste stimulation. Limonin (citrus) and catechin (wine) were found to reduce cellular cAMP and increase IP3 contents. Naringin (citrus) stimulated an IP3 increase whereas the cheese-derived bitter peptide cyclo(leu-Trp) reduced IP3 but significantly increased cAMP levels. Thus, specific transduction pathways were identified, the results support the notion of multiple transduction pathways for bitter taste and cross-talk between a few of those transduction pathways. Furthermore, amphipathic tastants permeate rapidly (within seconds) into liposomes and taste cells suggesting their availability for direct activation of signal transduction components by means of receptor-independent mechanisms within the time course of taste sensation. The activation of pigment movement and transduction pathways in frog melanophores by these tastants supports such mechanisms. Some bitter tastants, due to their amphipathic properties, permeated (or interacted with) into a bitter tastant inhibitor (specific phospholipid mixture) which apparently forms micelles. Thus, a mechanism via which this bitter taste inhibitor acts is proposed. Human sensory evaluation experiments humans performed according to their 6-n-propyl thiouracil (PROP) status (non-tasters, tasters, super-tasters), indicated differential perception of bitterness threshold and intensity of these bitter compounds by different individuals independent of PROP status. This suggests that natural products containing bitter compounds (e.g., naringin and limonin in citrus), are perceived very differently, and are in line with multiple transduction pathways suggested in the biochemical experiments. This project provides the first comprehensive effort to explore the molecular basis of bitter taste at the taste-cell level induced by economically important and agriculturally relevant food products. The findings, proposing a mechanism for bitter-taste inhibition by a bitter taste inhibitor (made up of food components) pave the way for the development of new, and perhaps more potent bitter-taste inhibitors which may eventually become economically relevant.
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Coplin, David, Isaac Barash, and Shulamit Manulis. Role of Proteins Secreted by the Hrp-Pathways of Erwinia stewartii and E. herbicola pv. gypsophilae in Eliciting Water-Soaking Symptoms and Initiating Galls. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580675.bard.

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Many bacterial pathogens of plants can inject pathogenicity proteins into host cells using a specialized type III secretion system encoded by hrpgenes. This system deliver effector proteins, into plant cells that function in both susceptible and resistant interactions. We have found that the virulence of Erwinia stewartii(Es; syn. Pantoea stewartii) and Erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae (Ehg, syn. Pantoea agglomerans), which cause Stewart's wilt of corn and galls on Gypsophila, respectively, depends on hrpgenes. The major objectives of this project were: To increase expression of hrpgenes in order to identify secreted proteins; to identify genes for proteins secreted by the type-III systems and determine if they are required for pathogenicity; and to determine if the secreted proteins can function within eukaryotic cells. We found that transcription of the hrp and effector genes in Es and Ehg is controlled by at least four genes that constitute a regulatory cascade. Environmental and/or physiological signaling appears to be mediated by the HrpX/HrpY two component system, with HrpX functioning as a sensor-kinase and HrpY as a response regulator. HrpYupregulateshrpS, which encodes a transcriptional enhancer. HrpS then activates hrpL, which encodes an alternate sigma factor that recognizes "hrp boxes". All of the regulatory genes are essential for pathogenicity, except HrpX, which appears only to be required for induction of the HR in tobacco by Es. In elucidating this regulatory pathway in both species, we made a number of significant new discoveries. HrpX is unusual for a sensor-kinase because it is cytoplasmic and contains PAS domains, which may sense the redox state of the bacterium. In Es, a novel methyl-accepting protein may function upstream of hrpY and repress hrp gene expression in planta. The esaIR quorum sensing system in Es represses hrp gene expression in Es in response to cell-density. We have discovered six new type III effector proteins in these species, one of which (DspE in Ehg and WtsE in Es) is common to both pathogens. In addition, Es wtsG, which is a homolog of an avrPpiB from P. syringae pv. pisi, and an Ehg ORF, which is a homolog of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola AvrPphD, were both demonstrated to encode virulence proteins. Two plasmidborne, Ehg Hop proteins, HsvG and PthG, are required for infection of gypsophilia, but interestingly, PthG also acts as an Avr elicitor in beets. Using a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase (cyaA) reporter gene, we were successful in demonstrating that an HsvG-CyaA fusion protein can be transferred into human HeLa cells by the type-III system of enteropathogenic E. coli. This is a highly significant accomplishment because it is the first direct demonstration that an effector protein from a plant pathogenic bacterium is capable of being translocated into a eukaryotic cell by a type-III secretion system. Ehg is considered a limiting factor in Gypsophila production in Israel and Stewart’s Wilt is a serious disease in the Eastern and North Central USA, especially on sweet corn in epidemic years. We believe that our basic research on the characterization of type III virulence effectors should enable future identification of their receptors in plant cells. This may lead to novel approaches for genetically engineering resistant plants by modifying their receptors or inactivating effectors and thus blocking the induction of the susceptible response. Alternatively, hrp gene regulation might also provide a target for plant produced compounds that interfere with recognition of the host by the pathogen. Such strategies would be broadly applicable to a wide range of serious bacterial diseases on many crops throughout the USA and Israel.
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Wisniewski, Michael, Samir Droby, John Norelli, Dov Prusky, and Vera Hershkovitz. Genetic and transcriptomic analysis of postharvest decay resistance in Malus sieversii and the identification of pathogenicity effectors in Penicillium expansum. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597928.bard.

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Use of Lqh2 mutants (produced at TAU) and rNav1.2a mutants (produced at the US side) for identifying receptor site-3: Based on the fact that binding of scorpion alpha-toxins is voltage-dependent, which suggests toxin binding at the mobile voltage-sensing region, we analyzed which of the toxin bioactive domains (Core-domain or NC-domain) interacts with the DIV Gating-module of rNav1.2a. This analysis was based on the assumption that the dissociation of toxin mutants upon depolarization would vary from that of the unmodified toxin should the substitutions affect a site of interaction with the channel Gating-module. Using a series of toxin mutants (mutations at both domains) and two channel mutants that were shown to reduce the sensitivity to scorpion alpha-toxins, and by comparison of depolarization-driven dissociation of Lqh2 derivatives off their binding site at rNav1.2a mutant channels we found that the toxin Core-domain interacts with the Gating-module of DIV. Details of the experiments and results appear in Guret al (2011). Mapping receptor site 3 at Nav1.2a by extensive channel mutagenesis (Seattle): Since previous studies with photoaffinity labeling and antibody mapping implicated domains I and IV in scorpion alpha-toxin binding, Nav1.2 channel mutants containing substitutions at these extracellular regions were expressed and tested for receptor function by whole-cell voltage clamp. Of a large number of channel mutants, T1560A, F1610A, and E1613A in domain IV had ~5.9-, ~10.7-, and ~3.9-fold lower affinities for the scorpion toxin Lqh2, respectively, and mutant E1613R had 73-fold lower affinity. Toxin dissociation was accelerated by depolarization for both wild-type and mutants, and the rates of dissociation were also increased by mutations T1560A, F1610A and E1613A. In contrast, association rates for these three mutant channels at negative membrane potentials were not significantly changed and were not voltage-dependent. These results indicated that Thr1560 in the S1-S2 loop, Phe1610 in the S3 segment, and Glu1613 in the S3-S4 loop in domain IV participate in toxin binding. T393A in the SS2-S6 loop in domain I also showed a ~3.4-fold lower affinity for Lqh2, indicating that this extracellular loop may form a secondary component of the toxin binding site. Analysis with the Rosetta-Membrane algorithm revealed a three-dimensional model of Lqh2 binding to the voltage sensor in a resting state. In this model, amino acid residues in an extracellular cleft formed by the S1-S2 and S3-S4 loops in domain IV that are important for toxin binding interact with amino acid residues on two faces of the wedge-shaped Lqh2 molecule that are important for toxin action. The conserved gating charges in the S4 transmembrane segment are in an inward position and likely form ion pairs with negatively charged amino acid residues in the S2 and S3 segments (Wang et al 2011; Gurevitz 2012; Gurevitzet al 2013).
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