Academic literature on the topic 'Sensory Processes, Perception and Performance'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sensory Processes, Perception and Performance"
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Rutherford, Andrew. "Handbook of perception and human performance. Vol 1: Sensory processes and perception. Vol 2: Cognitive processes and performance." Applied Ergonomics 18, no. 4 (December 1987): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(87)90144-x.
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Li, Xin, Dehan Luo, Yu Cheng, Kin-Yeung Wong, and Kevin Hung. "Identifying the Primary Odor Perception Descriptors by Multi-Output Linear Regression Models." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 7, 2021): 3320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083320.
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Semantic odor perception descriptors, such as “sweet”, are widely used for product quality assessment in food, beverage, and fragrance industries to profile the odor perceptions. The current literature focuses on developing as many as possible odor perception descriptors. A large number of odor descriptors poses challenges for odor sensory assessment. In this paper, we propose the task of narrowing down the number of odor perception descriptors. To this end, we contrive a novel selection mechanism based on machine learning to identify the primary odor perceptual descriptors (POPDs). The perceptual ratings of non-primary odor perception descriptors (NPOPDs) could be predicted precisely from those of the POPDs. Therefore, the NPOPDs are redundant and could be disregarded from the odor vocabulary. The experimental results indicate that dozens of odor perceptual descriptors are redundant. It is also observed that the sparsity of the data has a negative correlation coefficient with the model performance, while the Pearson correlation between odor perceptions plays an active role. Reducing the odor vocabulary size could simplify the odor sensory assessment and is auxiliary to understand human odor perceptual space.
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Cuturi, Luigi F. "Perceptual Biases as the Side Effect of a Multisensory Adaptive System: Insights from Verticality and Self-Motion Perception." Vision 6, no. 3 (August 26, 2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vision6030053.
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Perceptual biases can be interpreted as adverse consequences of optimal processes which otherwise improve system performance. The review presented here focuses on the investigation of inaccuracies in multisensory perception by focusing on the perception of verticality and self-motion, where the vestibular sensory modality has a prominent role. Perception of verticality indicates how the system processes gravity. Thus, it represents an indirect measurement of vestibular perception. Head tilts can lead to biases in perceived verticality, interpreted as the influence of a vestibular prior set at the most common orientation relative to gravity (i.e., upright), useful for improving precision when upright (e.g., fall avoidance). Studies on the perception of verticality across development and in the presence of blindness show that prior acquisition is mediated by visual experience, thus unveiling the fundamental role of visuo-vestibular interconnections across development. Such multisensory interactions can be behaviorally tested with cross-modal aftereffect paradigms which test whether adaptation in one sensory modality induces biases in another, eventually revealing an interconnection between the tested sensory modalities. Such phenomena indicate the presence of multisensory neural mechanisms that constantly function to calibrate self-motion dedicated sensory modalities with each other as well as with the environment. Thus, biases in vestibular perception reveal how the brain optimally adapts to environmental requests, such as spatial navigation and steady changes in the surroundings.
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Schaefer, Michael, Marie-Christin Kevekordes, Hanna Sommer, and Matti Gärtner. "Of Orchids and Dandelions: Empathy but Not Sensory Processing Sensitivity Is Associated with Tactile Discrimination Abilities." Brain Sciences 12, no. 5 (May 12, 2022): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12050641.
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Many concepts of the human personality are based on assumptions about underlying physiological processes. The most prominent example is probably the concept of extraversion introduced by H.J. Eysenck decades ago. However, more recent approaches also propose that personality traits may be reflected by physiological processes. For example, empathic personality dimensions have been linked to tactile perception, suggesting that individuals with higher tactile sensitivity are also more empathetic to the sensations of others. Another recent example is the concept of sensory processing sensitivity, which has been linked to enhanced primary sensory processing. However, the exact relationship between tactile abilities and personality is still unclear, thus the current study aims to test whether different personality dimensions affect the performance in a tactile acuity task. Tactile abilities of healthy participants were tested with tactile 2-point-thresholds on the hands. Personality dimensions were examined with respect to empathy, sensory processing sensitivity, and the Big Five. Results revealed that empathy, but not sensory processing sensitivity, was associated with tactile performance. We conclude that the ability to feel with someone else seems to be linked to the perception of our own body. Thus, the sense of touch may play an important role for empathy. We discuss explanations of these results and highlight possible implications of our findings.
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Chaumon, Maximilien, and Niko A. Busch. "Prestimulus Neural Oscillations Inhibit Visual Perception via Modulation of Response Gain." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 11 (November 2014): 2514–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00653.
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The ongoing state of the brain radically affects how it processes sensory information. How does this ongoing brain activity interact with the processing of external stimuli? Spontaneous oscillations in the alpha range are thought to inhibit sensory processing, but little is known about the psychophysical mechanisms of this inhibition. We recorded ongoing brain activity with EEG while human observers performed a visual detection task with stimuli of different contrast intensities. To move beyond qualitative description, we formally compared psychometric functions obtained under different levels of ongoing alpha power and evaluated the inhibitory effect of ongoing alpha oscillations in terms of contrast or response gain models. This procedure opens the way to understanding the actual functional mechanisms by which ongoing brain activity affects visual performance. We found that strong prestimulus occipital alpha oscillations—but not more anterior mu oscillations—reduce performance most strongly for stimuli of the highest intensities tested. This inhibitory effect is best explained by a divisive reduction of response gain. Ongoing occipital alpha oscillations thus reflect changes in the visual system's input/output transformation that are independent of the sensory input to the system. They selectively scale the system's response, rather than change its sensitivity to sensory information.
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Treisman, Michel, Norman Cook, Peter L. N. Naish, and Janice K. MacCrone. "The Internal Clock: Electroencephalographic Evidence for Oscillatory Processes Underlying Time Perception." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 47, no. 2 (May 1994): 241–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640749408401112.
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It has been proposed that temporal perception and performance depend on a biological source of temporal information. A model for a temporal oscillator put forward by Treisman, Faulkner, Naish, and Brogan (1990) predicted that if intense sensory pulses (such as auditory clicks) were presented to subjects at suitable rates they would perturb the frequency at which the temporal oscillator runs and so cause over- or underestimation of time. The resulting pattern of interference between sensory pulse rates and time judgments would depend on the frequency of the temporal oscillator and so might allow that frequency to be estimated. Such interference patterns were found using auditory clicks and visual flicker (Treisman & Brogan, 1992; Treisman et al., 1990). The present study examines time estimation together with the simultaneously recorded electroencephalogram to examine whether evidence of such an interference pattern can be found in the EEG. Alternative models for the organization of a temporal system consisting of an oscillator or multiple oscillators are considered and predictions derived from them relating to the EEG. An experiment was run in which time intervals were presented for estimation, auditory clicks being given during those intervals, and the EEG was recorded concurrently. Analyses of the EEG revealed interactions between auditory click rates and certain EEG components which parallel the interference patterns previously found. The overall pattern of EEG results is interpreted as favouring a model for the organization of the temporal system in which sets of click-sensitive oscillators spaced at intervals of about 12.8 Hz contribute to the EEG spectrum. These are taken to represent a series of harmonically spaced distributions of oscillators involved in time-keeping.
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Alam, Seemen, Riccardo Luccio, and Fulvia Vardabasso. "Regularity, Exposure Time and Perception of Numerosity." Perceptual and Motor Skills 63, no. 2 (October 1986): 883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.63.2.883.
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Two experiments are described. In Exp. 1, subjects compared the apparent numerosity of two kinds of dot patterns, regular vs irregular, with two different exposures (160 vs 2000 msec). In Exp. 2, the subjects had to estimate the numerosity of the same patterns, presented one at a time. Analysis showed a relative overestimation of the regular patterns in Exp. 1 but not in Exp. 2. In general an overestimation occurred with an increase in exposure. Such results support our hypothesis of two separate processes as the basis of the two kinds of performance (estimating vs comparison).
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Tivadar, Ruxandra I., Anna Gaglianese, and Micah M. Murray. "Auditory Enhancement of Illusory Contour Perception." Multisensory Research 34, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-bja10018.
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Abstract Illusory contours (ICs) are borders that are perceived in the absence of contrast gradients. Until recently, IC processes were considered exclusively visual in nature and presumed to be unaffected by information from other senses. Electrophysiological data in humans indicates that sounds can enhance IC processes. Despite cross-modal enhancement being observed at the neurophysiological level, to date there is no evidence of direct amplification of behavioural performance in IC processing by sounds. We addressed this knowledge gap. Healthy adults () discriminated instances when inducers were arranged to form an IC from instances when no IC was formed (NC). Inducers were low-constrast and masked, and there was continuous background acoustic noise throughout a block of trials. On half of the trials, i.e., independently of IC vs NC, a 1000-Hz tone was presented synchronously with the inducer stimuli. Sound presence improved the accuracy of indicating when an IC was presented, but had no impact on performance with NC stimuli (significant IC presence/absence × Sound presence/absence interaction). There was no evidence that this was due to general alerting or to a speed–accuracy trade-off (no main effect of sound presence on accuracy rates and no comparable significant interaction on reaction times). Moreover, sound presence increased sensitivity and reduced bias on the IC vs NC discrimination task. These results demonstrate that multisensory processes augment mid-level visual functions, exemplified by IC processes. Aside from the impact on neurobiological and computational models of vision, our findings may prove clinically beneficial for low-vision or sight-restored patients.
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Kleimaker, Maximilian, Adam Takacs, Giulia Conte, Rebecca Onken, Julius Verrel, Tobias Bäumer, Alexander Münchau, and Christian Beste. "Increased perception-action binding in Tourette syndrome." Brain 143, no. 6 (May 28, 2020): 1934–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa111.
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Abstract Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics. Research in Tourette syndrome has traditionally focused on the motor system. However, there is increasing evidence that perceptual and cognitive processes play a crucial role as well. Against this background it has been reasoned that processes linking perception and action might be particularly affected in these patients with the strength of perception-action binding being increased. However, this has not yet been studied experimentally. Here, we investigated adult Tourette patients within the framework of the ‘Theory of Event Coding’ using an experimental approach allowing us to directly test the strength of perception-action binding. We included 24 adult patients with Tourette syndrome and n = 24 healthy control subjects using a previously established visual-motor event file task with four levels of feature overlap requiring repeating or alternating responses. Concomitant to behavioural testing, EEG was recorded and analysed using temporal signal decomposition and source localization methods. On a behavioural level, perception-action binding was increased in Tourette patients. Tic frequency correlated with performance in conditions where unbinding processes of previously established perception-action bindings were required with higher tic frequency being associated with stronger perception-action binding. This suggests that perception-action binding is intimately related to the occurrence of tics. Analysis of EEG data showed that behavioural changes cannot be explained based on simple perceptual or motor processes. Instead, cognitive processes linking perception to action in inferior parietal cortices are crucial. Our findings suggest that motor or sensory processes alone are less relevant for the understanding of Tourette syndrome than cognitive processes engaged in linking and restructuring of perception-action association. A broader cognitive framework encompassing perception and action appears well suited to opening new routes for the understanding of Tourette syndrome.
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Zuidhoek, Sander, Astrid M. L. Kappers, and Albert Postma. "Effects of Hand Orientation and Delay on the Verbal Judgment of Haptically Perceived Orientation." Perception 34, no. 6 (June 2005): 741–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5330.
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We examined the haptic perception of orientations of a single bar throughout the horizontal plane using a verbal response: participants were to assign a number of minutes to the orientation of a bar defined with respect to the stimulus table. Performance was found to be systematically biased. Deviations were consistent with, yet much smaller than, those resulting from haptic motor matching tasks. The size and direction of the deviations were found to correlate with hand orientation, and not to depend on spatial location per se, suggesting a role for hand-centred reference frames in biasing performance. Delaying the response by 10 s led to a small improvement only of right-hand perceptions, indicating different hemispheric involvement in processes involved in retaining and/or recoding of haptic orientation information. Also the haptic oblique effect was found with the current verbal response. Importantly, it was affected neither by hand orientation nor by delay, suggesting that the oblique effect is independent of the aforementioned deviations in orientation perception.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sensory Processes, Perception and Performance"
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Leitão, José Carlos Gomes de Carvalho. "A relação treinador - atleta: percepção dos comportamentos de liderança e de coesão em equipas de futebol." Phd thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UC-Universidade de Coimbra -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física, 1999. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29085.
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Tese de doutoramento em Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física (Ciências do Desporto) apresentada à Fac. de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física de CoimbraApesar da influência que os comportamentos de liderança e de coesão de grupo parecem ter no rendimento desportivo, poucos são os estudos (Westre e Weiss, 1991 ; Antunes e Cruz, 1997 ; Leitão, 1997) que procuraram avaliar de uma forma processual e concorrente os construtos de liderança e de coesão. Assim, este estudo teve como objectivo geral analisar as relações entre o treinador e o atleta e em particular, observar a influência da percepção dos comportamentos de liderança e de coesão no rendimento desportivo. Os atletas (N=316, M=23.2 anos, DP=4.33) provenientes de 23 equipas de futebol participantes em campeonatos nacionais (2ª e 3ª divisão nacional) e distritais (1ª divisão distrital) foram avaliados em três momentos ao longo de uma época desportiva, através das escalas resultantes do Modelo Multidimensional de Liderança (Chelladurai, 1978, 1991) e do Modelo Conceptual de Coesão (Carron et al., 1985). Como medidas adicionais foram também utilizadas medidas de rendimento individual e de equipa. Desta forma, tendo em vista a análise psicométrica dos instrumentos teóricos de avaliação, foi efectuado um estudo factorial exploratório e confirmatório às escalas - Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS - Chelladurai e Saleh, 1978), Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ - Carron et al., 1985) e à Satisfaction Scale for Athletes (Chelladurai et al., 1988). Através da análise multigrupos, foi igualmente testada a invariância dos parâmetros estruturais dos modelos de liderança, coesão e satisfação. Por sua vez, tendo em atenção os objectivos e hipóteses que orientaram este estudo, as técnicas estatísticas utilizadas - path-analysis, análise discriminante, análise multigrupos e meta-análise - permitiram verificar : i) a existência de diferenças significativas na percepção dos comportamentos de liderança, coesão e de satisfação em função da responsabilidade contratual dos atletas (profissionais e não profissionais) e do estatuto dos atletas (efectivo e não efectivo) ; ii) a instabilidade e mudança permanente dos processos de grupo ; iii) a existência de potenciais variáveis moderadoras (v.g., estatuto dos atletas, obrigação contratual, percepção do rendimento individual e colectivo) da percepção dos comportamentos de liderança, coesão e satisfação e iv) um efeito mais elevado entre o rendimento e coesão do que o observado entre este construto e o rendimento (posterior).
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Sivonen, Päivi Helena. "Event related brain activation in speech perception: from sensory to cognitive processes /." Leipzig : MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015683097&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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MacPhail, William R. "Performance Under Pressure: The Effect of Explanatory Style on Sensory-Motor Performance Under Stereotype Threat." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/166.
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Do participants with external attribution styles outperform participants with internal explanatory styles in pressure-filled situations? Explicit-monitoring theory suggests that performance becomes impaired when conscious attention is devoted to performing a task normally carried out by automatic processes. Attributing potential failure to an external source (e.g., blaming a sudden gust of wind for a poor golf shot) can decrease the negative effects of stereotype threat, a social-psychological predicament known to engender feelings of stress similar to those experienced in pressure-filled situations, by preventing explicit monitoring from taking place. The current study examined whether individual differences in attribution style, as measured by the Attributional Style Questionnaire, affects golf-putting performance under stereotype threat. The present author hypothesized that participants with external explanatory styles would perform better than participants with internal explanatory styles under stereotype threat, because external participants would be predisposed to create external sources to attribute the cause of poor performance.
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Whittle, Joanne K. "'Your place and mine' : heritage management and a sense of place." Lincoln University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1701.
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This study presents an analysis of human encounter with place. It examines the personal and cultural importance of an attachment to place, focusing on the reciprocal relationship between cultural heritage and a sense of place. Place is constructed out of mutual meanings between people and their environment. The study begins with an indepth look at the theory of place. In a series of heritage management case studies, the theory is applied in order to illustrate how meanings of place may be expressed. Place as a normative concept provides a role for resource managers in finding the meanings people associate with places, and in nurturing and enhancing these meanings. This involves the recognition of different values and 'stories' that are associated with place. Recognising these differences helps shift resource management away from the simplicity of grand narratives and totalizing discourses, towards a respect for intangible and multiple meanings in place. To a certain extent an understanding of place is already informing both natural and cultural management decisions in New Zealand, although this may not be explicitly recognised. To approach cultural heritage management from the perspective of place, however, challenges the current directions that heritage management is taking in this country. The study proposes a way of taking up that challenge, and concludes that the importance of place should not be overlooked.
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Penedo, José Luis Marques. "Estudo longitudinal de liderança e clima motivacional percepcionado por ginastas de classes representativas." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTL-Universidade Técnica de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29324.
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Coulson, Andrea Barbara. "Corporate environmental performance considerations within bank lending processes : the social construction of risk perception." Thesis, Durham University, 1997. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1633/.
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Seevinck, Jennifer. "Emergence in interactive art." Thesis, University of Technology, Sydney, 2011.
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This thesis is concerned with creating and evaluating interactive art systems that facilitate emergent participant experiences. For the purposes of this research, interactive art is the computer based arts involving physical participation from the audience, while emergence is when a new form or concept appears that was not directly implied by the context from which it arose. This emergent ‘whole’ is more than a simple sum of its parts. The research aims to develop understanding of the nature of emergent experiences that might arise during participant interaction with interactive art systems. It also aims to understand the design issues surrounding the creation of these systems.
The approach used is Practice-based, integrating practice, evaluation and theoretical research.
Practice used methods from Reflection-in-action and Iterative design to create two interactive art systems: Glass Pond and +-now. Creation of +-now resulted in a novel method for instantiating emergent shapes. Both art works were also evaluated in exploratory studies. In addition, a main study with 30 participants was conducted on participant interaction with +-now. These sessions were video recorded and participants were interviewed about their experience. Recordings were transcribed and analysed using Grounded theory methods. Emergent participant experiences were identified and classified using a taxonomy of emergence in interactive art. This taxonomy draws on theoretical research.
The outcomes of this Practice-based research are summarised as follows. Two interactive art systems, where the second work clearly facilitates emergent interaction, were created. Their creation involved the development of a novel method for instantiating emergent shapes and it informed aesthetic and design issues surrounding interactive art systems for emergence. A taxonomy of emergence in interactive art was also created. Other outcomes are the evaluation findings about participant experiences, including different types of emergence experienced and the coding schemes produced during data analysis.
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Haase, Janina [Verfasser]. "Development of a measurement concept for sensory perception and investigation of the relationships with marketing-related performance indicators / Janina Haase." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1179909798/34.
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Schaefer, Martina Christina Marion. "The interaction between speech perception and speech production: implications for speakers with dysarthria." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8610.
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The purpose of the research presented here was to systematically investigate the role of speech perception on speech production in speakers of different ages and those with PD and hypokinetic dysarthria. For this, the experimental designs of auditory perturbation and mimicry were chosen. The initial research phase established that the magnitude of
compensation to auditory vowel perturbation was reduced in 54 speakers of New Zealand English (NZE) when compared to previous studies conducted with speakers of American (AE) and Canadian English (CE). A number of factors were studied to determine possible predictors of compensation and distinguish between potential changes associated with ageing.
However, no predictors of compensation were found for the overall group. Post-hoc analyses established an increased variability in response patterns in NZE when compared to previous studies of AE and CE. Subsequent follow-up analyses focused on the response-dependent categories of (1) big compensators, (2) compensators, (3) big followers, and (4) followers. Linear mixed-effect modelling revealed that in big compensators, the magnitude of compensation was greater in speakers who exhibited larger F1 baseline standard deviation
and greater F1 vowel distances of HEAD relative to HEED and HAD. F1 baseline standard deviation was found to have a similar predictive value for the group of compensators. No
predictors of compensation were found for the other two subgroups. Phase two was set up as a continuation of phase one and examined whether a subset of 16 speakers classified as big compensators adapted to auditory vowel perturbation. Linear mixed-effect modelling revealed that in the absence of auditory feedback alterations, big compensators maintained
their revised speech motor commands for a short period of time until a process of de-adaptation was initiated. No predictors of adaptation were found for the group. Due to the
unexpected results from the first two research phases indicating a dominant weighting of somatosensory feedback in NZE compared to auditory-perceptual influences, a different experimental paradigm was selected for phase three - mimicry. The purpose of this study was to determine whether eight speakers with PD and dysarthria and eight age-matched healthy controls (HC) are able to effectively integrate speech perception and speech production when attempting to match an acoustic target. Results revealed that all speakers were able to modify their speech production to approximate the model speaker but the acoustic dimensions of their speech did not move significantly closer to the target over the three mimicry attempts. Although speakers with moderate levels of dysarthria exhibited greater acoustic distances (except for the dimension of pitch variation), neither the perceptual nor the acoustic analyses found significant differences in mimicry behaviour across the two groups. Overall, these findings were considered preliminary evidence that speech perception and speech production can at least to some extent be effectively integrated to induce error-correction mechanisms and subsequent speech motor learning in these speakers with PD and dysarthria.
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Sobrosa, José Francisco Gomes. "Comportamentos de liderança e objectivos de realização no andebol-estudo em atletas e treinadores do desporto escolar e do desporto federado." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 2002. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29595.
Full textBooks on the topic "Sensory Processes, Perception and Performance"
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1934-, Llinás Rodolfo R., and Churchland Patricia Smith, eds. The mind-brain continuum: Sensory processes. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1996.
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The neural bases of multisensory processes. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2011.
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Falk, Bergen Adrienne, and Gottlieb Linda, eds. A normal baby: The sensory-motor processes of the first year. 2nd ed. Valhalla, N.Y: Valhalla Rehabilitation Publications, 1986.
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Pepper, Robert C. A multi-sensory approach to processing information & learning: An aspect of behavioral vision care. Santa Ana, CA: Optometric Extension Program, 1998.
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Berger, Dorita S. Music therapy, sensory integration and the autistic child. London: Jessica Kingsley, 2002.
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Elliott, Digby. Vision and goal-directed movement: Neurobehavioral perspectives. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2010.
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Tsotsos, John Konstantine. Analyzing vision at the complexity level: Constrains on an architecture, an explanation for visual search performance, and computational justification for attentive processes. Toronto: University of Toronto, Dept. of Computer Science, 1987.
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Derek, Chadwick, Diamond Mathew, and Goode Jamie, eds. Percept, decision, action: Bridging the gaps. Hoboken: Wiley, 2005.
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Kuprina, Elena. Co-creation in music and music education. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1019193.
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The monograph is devoted to the problem of musical co-creation, represents the artistic and dynamic system. The author considers the musical co-creation from the perspective of interdisciplinary approach, as the phase of the creative process, featuring self-contained characteristics, manifested in the "I" and "I'm Different" through specific regularities and principles.
In music co-creation differentiated into spheres, types and forms, where the role of the ratio of the subjects and the performance of co-creative artistic projects are analyzed from the position of system dynamics. In music education operates a pedagogy of co-creation, manifesting the specifics through professional, psychological, reflective, and educational facets. Presented to the organizational form of the pedagogy of co-creation, from the perspective of information approach given the findings of a study of the influence of pop on the sensory system of the student of a musician-performer (the performer).
Can be used in courses of the disciplines of the history of music, music psychology and music pedagogy, pedagogy of co-creation. Addressed to students of music schools, teachers, musicians of all disciplines, musicologists and cultural studies, researchers, creative processes, and a wide circle of curious readers.
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(Editor), Kenneth R. Boff, Lloyd Kaufman (Editor), and James P. Thomas (Editor), eds. Handbook of Perception and Human Performance: Sensory Processes and Perception. Wiley-Interscience, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Sensory Processes, Perception and Performance"
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Giampieri-Deutsch, Patrizia. "Perception, conscious and unconscious processes." In Sensory Perception, 245–64. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99751-2_14.
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Shevrin, Howard. "Consciousness, states of consciousness, unconscious psychological processes, and psychological states." In Sensory Perception, 265–73. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99751-2_15.
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Whittle, Paul. "Sensory and Perceptual Processes in Seeing Brightness and Lightness." In From Pigments to Perception, 293–304. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3718-2_35.
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Nelson, Paul C., and Laurel H. Carney. "Psychophysically Driven Studies of Responses to Amplitude Modulation in the Inferior Colliculus: Comparing Single-Unit Physiology to Behavioral Performance." In Hearing – From Sensory Processing to Perception, 133–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73009-5_15.
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Hagn, Korbinian, and Oliver Grau. "Optimized Data Synthesis for DNN Training and Validation by Sensor Artifact Simulation." In Deep Neural Networks and Data for Automated Driving, 127–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01233-4_4.
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AbstractSynthetic, i.e., computer-generated imagery (CGI) data is a key component for training and validating deep-learning-based perceptive functions due to its ability to simulate rare cases, avoidance of privacy issues, and generation of pixel-accurate ground truth data. Today, physical-based rendering (PBR) engines simulate already a wealth of realistic optical effects but are mainly focused on the human perception system. Whereas the perceptive functions require realistic images modeled with sensor artifacts as close as possible toward the sensor, the training data has been recorded. This chapter proposes a way to improve the data synthesis process by application of realistic sensor artifacts. To do this, one has to overcome the domain distance between real-world imagery and the synthetic imagery. Therefore, we propose a measure which captures the generalization distance of two distinct datasets which have been trained on the same model. With this measure the data synthesis pipeline can be improved to produce realistic sensor-simulated images which are closer to the real-world domain. The proposed measure is based on the Wasserstein distance (earth mover’s distance, EMD) over the performance metric mean intersection-over-union (mIoU) on a per-image basis, comparing synthetic and real datasets using deep neural networks (DNNs) for semantic segmentation. This measure is subsequently used to match the characteristic of a real-world camera for the image synthesis pipeline which considers realistic sensor noise and lens artifacts. Comparing the measure with the well-established Fréchet inception distance (FID) on real and artificial datasets demonstrates the ability to interpret the generalization distance which is inherent asymmetric and more informative than just a simple distance measure. Furthermore, we use the metric as an optimization criterion to adapt a synthetic dataset to a real dataset, decreasing the EMD distance between a synthetic and the Cityscapes dataset from 32.67 to 27.48 and increasing the mIoU of our test algorithm () from 40.36 to $$47.63\%$$ 47.63 % .
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Oury, Jacob D., and Frank E. Ritter. "Cognition and Operator Performance." In Human–Computer Interaction Series, 37–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47775-2_3.
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AbstractDeveloping systems that foster situation awareness in operators requires that stakeholders can make informed decisions about the design. These decisions must account for the operator’s underlying cognitive processes based on perception, comprehension, and projection of the system state. This chapter reviews the core cognitive processes responsible for monitoring and responding to changes in system state. Operators must perceive information before they can act in response, and the interface design affects operator accuracy and speed via known mechanisms (i.e., effects of color on visual search time). Perception of key information also relies on how the operator thinks during tasks, and certain design choices can support better attention control and detection of signals. After perceiving the information, operators also must comprehend and interpret the information. Design guidance and factors related to supporting comprehension are presented alongside explanations of how cognitive load and working memory affect the operator’s ability to develop and maintain a useful mental model of the system. This review of cognitive mechanisms gives designers a strong foundation to make informed decisions ranging from choosing an alarm color to assessing how much information should be on screen at once.
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Gueorguiev, David, Bernard Javot, Adam Spiers, and Katherine J. Kuchenbecker. "Larger Skin-Surface Contact Through a Fingertip Wearable Improves Roughness Perception." In Haptics: Science, Technology, Applications, 171–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06249-0_20.
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AbstractWith the aim of creating wearable haptic interfaces that allow the performance of everyday tasks, we explore how differently designed fingertip wearables change the sensory threshold for tactile roughness perception. Study participants performed the same two-alternative forced-choice roughness task with a bare finger and wearing three flexible fingertip covers: two with a square opening (64 and 36 mm$$^2$$ 2 , respectively) and the third with no opening. The results showed that adding the large opening improved the 75% JND by a factor of 2 times compared to the fully covered finger: the higher the skin-surface contact area, the better the roughness perception. Overall, the results show that even partial skin-surface contact through a fingertip wearable improves roughness perception, which opens design opportunities for haptic wearables that preserve natural touch.
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da Silveira Coêlho, Marília Lira, Tanja S. H. Wingenbach, and Paulo Sérgio Boggio. "Social and Affective Neuroscience of Embodiment." In Social and Affective Neuroscience of Everyday Human Interaction, 37–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08651-9_3.
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AbstractEmbodiment has been discussed in the context of social, affective, and cognitive psychology, and also in the investigations of neuroscience in order to understand the relationship between biological mechanisms, body and cognitive, and social and affective processes. New theoretical models have been presented by researchers considering not only the sensory–motor interaction and the environment but also biological mechanisms regulating homeostasis and neural processes (Tsakiris M, Q J Exp Psychol 70(4):597–609, 2017). Historically, the body and the mind were comprehended as separate entities. The body was considered to function as a machine, responsible for providing sensory information to the mind and executing its commands. The mind, however, would process information in an isolated way, similar to a computer (Pecher D, Zwaan RA, Grounding cognition: the role of perception and action in memory, language, and thinking. Cambridge University Press, 2005). This mind and body perspective (Marmeleira J, Duarte Santos G, Percept Motor Skills 126, 2019; Marshall PJ, Child Dev Perspect 10(4):245–250, 2016), for many years, was the basis for studies in social and cognitive areas, in neuroscience, and clinical psychology.
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Qi, Yue, Ruqing Zhong, Benjamin Kaiser, Long Nguyen, Hans Jakob Wagner, Alexander Verl, and Achim Menges. "Working with Uncertainties: An Adaptive Fabrication Workflow for Bamboo Structures." In Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES, 265–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_25.
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AbstractThis paper presents and investigates a cyber-physical fabrication workflow, which can respond to the deviations between built- and designed form in real-time with vision augmentation. We apply this method for large scale structures built from natural bamboo poles. Raw bamboo poles obtain evolutionarily optimized fibrous layouts ideally suitable for lightweight and sustainable building construction. Nevertheless, their intrinsically imprecise geometries pose a challenge for reliable, automated construction processes. Despite recent digital advancements, building with bamboo poles is still a labor-intensive task and restricted to building typologies where accuracy is of minor importance. The integration of structural bamboo poles with other building layers is often limited by tolerance issues at the interfaces, especially for large scale structures where deviations accumulate incrementally. To address these challenges, an adaptive fabrication process is developed, in which existing deviations can be compensated by changing the geometry of subsequent joints to iteratively correct the pose of further elements. A vision-based sensing system is employed to three-dimensionally scan the bamboo elements before and during construction. Computer vision algorithms are used to process and interpret the sensory data. The updated conditions are streamed to the computational model which computes tailor-made bending stiff joint geometries that can then be directly fabricated on-the-fly. In this paper, we contextualize our research and investigate the performance domains of the proposed workflow through initial fabrication tests. Several application scenarios are further proposed for full scale vision-augmented bamboo construction systems.
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"Perception." In Utilizing Consumer Psychology in Business Strategy, 20–61. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3448-8.ch002.
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Consumer perception contains valuable insights for marketers; consumers decide to buy a product judging quality and performance of a product by product's sensory cues like shape, smell, or taste. Perception, on the other side, is rather a subjective process (i.e., people receive same stimuli, but their meaning can be different). Some of the consumers love certain brands while others hate them is an example of perception subjectivity. This chapter discusses perception process, elements, and characteristics.
Conference papers on the topic "Sensory Processes, Perception and Performance"
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Olowo, Olalekan O., Ruoshi Zhang, Zhong Yang, Brian Goulet, and Dan O. Popa. "Organic Piezoresistive Robotic Skin Sensor Fabrication, Integration and Characterization." In ASME 2021 16th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-63942.
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Abstract Advanced applications for human-robot interaction require perception of physical touch in a manner that imitates the human tactile perception. Feedback generated from tactile sensor arrays can be used to control the interaction of a robot with their environment and other humans. In this paper, we present our efforts to fabricate piezoresistive organic polymer sensor arrays using PEDOT: PSS or poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate). Sensors are realized as strain-gauges on Kapton substrates with thermal and electrical response characteristics to human touch. In this paper, we detail fabrication processes associated with a Gold etching technique combined with a wet lift-off photolithographic process to implement a circular tree designed sensor microstructure in our cleanroom. The testing of this microstructure is done on a load testing apparatus facilitated by an integrated circuit design. Furthermore, a lamination process is employed to compensate for temperature drift while measuring pressure for double-sided sensor substrates. Experiments carried out to evaluate the performance of the fabricated structure, indicates 100% sensor yields with the updated technique implemented.
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Marinov, Rusi. "THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COGNITIVE DOMAINS IN EMERGENCIES." In 6th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2020.259.
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This report discusses the role of information domain and cognitive technologies in emergency management in the context of the global pandemic problems, which is also caused by a lack of leader’s capacity, knowledge transfer, lack of major investments in the security and health systems. Global emergency response plans should be based on the “artificial” reality of our planetary condition and used as a starting point for planning. Innovative companies are trying to take advantage of cognitive technologies to automate processes to solve a wide range of problems that require specific knowledge. The main aspects of knowledge are related to the so-called „P” categories (Perceive, Perception, Predict) of our critical environment and data input to such systems coming from sensors and smart elements. The new model for effective reactions in crisis refers to cognitive technologies, which, if available use an aesthetic language, generate unstructured texts, process information, used sensors for data in real-time, reading signals, access to “smart objects” and other algorithmic approaches for searching of solutions in extreme situations. The cognitive technologies used during contingency planning is oriented towards the further development of AI in order to improve the performance of machines in terms of intuition, sensitivity, emotions, and other factors that enhance the planning and decision-making tasks.
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Martins, Amadeu, Ana Nunes, Andreia Lima, Carlos Ribeiro, Carolina Pedro, Jéssica Oliveira, Monalisa Vieira, and Patrícia Monteiro. "Strategic Design for “Smellscapes”: Do Smells Get Into Our Decisions?" In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001402.
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Most design interventions manipulate the environment to convey sensory information to the public. However, aside from cosmetic industry, research on the olfactory modality has been broadly overlooked. Being one of the most ancient senses, smell provides motivational guidance within the environment, and some evidence has pointed to multisensory influences of smell. Thus, if the olfactory experience could surpass its mere perception and extend to our decisions, it would become a critical topic for design R&D. We assessed the influence of environmental smells on the performance of two distinct decision tasks, namely, a parallel response selection / conflict monitoring task (see Beste et al. 2013) and a cocoa taste-discrimination task, respectively employing an orthonasal (experiment 1) and a retronasal (experiment 2) smell exposure. Three identical laboratory rooms were used in both experiments to expose the participants to control, pleasant (apple fragrance scented room), and unpleasant (faecal / putrid room) smells in a counterbalanced within-subject design. Although participants’ response times were equivalent between conditions in experiment 1, the unpleasant room was associated with a decreased (albeit non-significant) number of errors. Remarkably, experiment 2 revealed that the unpleasant smell condition produced significantly more accurate judgments about the cocoa content of the trials than those obtained under pleasant (p< 0.01) and control (p< 0.05) conditions. Our findings are discussed considering the salience of smells (i.e., motivational value), and task demands (i.e., exposure length and type of cognitive processes engaged). Those factors likely combine to determine the resources (e.g., attention) allocated at each task and consequently, the degree of interference that smells could have on decision-making. We argue that olfactory design interventions might benefit those people in various contexts where sharp decisions are an asset (e.g., operating rooms, court rooms, etc).
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Gielo-Perczak, Krystyna. "Multi-Method Systems Modeling and Analysis: Is It Possible to Apply Holistic Design, Linking the Physical and Cognitive Aspects?" In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference (2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001260.
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The objective of this study is to present relevant data which would support proposed taxonomy and methodology in physical-cognitive based control models of human performance. This approach can be applied directly to the development of emerging worker/user body systems with equal emphasis on biomechanical and cognitive performance. The worker’s biomechanical and physiological responses and functions are not imposed by the environment but are established by the system itself. Thus, there is an emerging need for the concept of a human system with perceptive insight into the complexity of the mutual relationships of the human biomechanical measures and cognitive factors. The description of human operators/users should reflect the biomechanical measures of fatigue and the complexity of brain activity, which includes cognition and the dynamic process of knowing. Many system control problems arise from a lack of attention to the interactions among different human system components in relation to the work/activity environment. In order to predict the ecological connectivity there is an arising necessitation to model the mutual relationships of environment, perception, body sensors and task. The proposed method can be represented in terms of control-theoretical features for quantitative predictions in the various work environment behaviors.
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Jinzhu Wang, Jinzhu Wang, Jie Bai Jie Bai, Libo Huang Libo Huang, and Huanlei Chen Huanlei Chen. "Autonomous Driving Decision-making Based on the Combination of Deep Reinforcement Learning and Rule-based Controller." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2021-acm-108.
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As autonomous vehicles begin to drive on the road, rational decision making is essential for driving safety and efficiency. The decision-making of autonomous vehicles is a difficult problem since it depends on the surrounding dynamic environment constraints and its own motion constraints. As the result of the combination of deep learning (DL) and reinforcement learning (RL), deep reinforcement learning (DRL) integrates DL's strong understanding of perception problems such as visual and semantic text, as well as the decision-making ability of RL. Hence, DRL can be used to solve complex problems in real scenarios. However, as an end-to-end method, DRL is inefficient and the final result tend to be poorly robust. Considering the usefulness of existing domain knowledge for autonomous vehicle decision-making, this paper uses domain knowledge to establish behavioral rules and combine rule-based behavior strategies with DRL methods, so that we can achieve efficient training of autonomous vehicle decision-making models and ensure the vehicle to chooses safe actions under unknown circumstances. First, the continuous decision-making problem of autonomous vehicles is modeled as a Markov decision process (MDP). Taking into account the influence of unknown intentions of other road vehicles on self-driving decisions, a recognition model of the behavioral intentions of other vehicles was established. Then, the linear dynamic model of the conventional vehicle is used to establish the relationship between the vehicle decision-making behavior and the motion trajectory. Finally, by designing the reward function of the MDP, we use a combination of RL and behavior rules-based controller, the expected driving behavior of the autonomous vehicle is obtained. In this paper, the simulation environment of scenes of intersections in urban roads and highways is established, and each situation is formalized as an RL problem. Meanwhile, a large number of numerical simulations were carried out, and the comparison of our method and the end-to-end form of DRL technology were discussed. "Due to its robust operation and high performance during bad weather conditions and overnight as well as the ability of using the Doppler Effect to measure directly the velocity of objects, the radar sensor is used in many application fields. Especially in automotive many radar sensors are used for the perception of the environment to increase the safety of the traffic. To increase the security level especially for vulnerable road users (VRU’s) like pedestrians or cyclists, radar sensors are used in driver assistance systems. Radar sensors are also used in the infrastructure, e.g. a commercial application is the detection of cars and pedestrians to manage traffic lights. Furthermore, radar sensors installed in the infrastructure are used in research projects for safeguarding future autonomous traffic. The object recognition and accuracy of radar-based sensing in the infrastructure can be increased by cooperating radar systems, which consist out of several sensors. This paper focus on the data fusion method of two radar sensors to increase the performance of detection and localization. For data fusion the high level cluster data of the two radar sensors are used as input data in a neuronal net (NN) structure. The results are compared to the localization obtained by using only a single radar sensor operating with an ordinary tracking algorithm. First, different models for chosen region of interests (ROI) and operating mode of cooperative sensors are developed and the data structure is discussed. In addition, the data are preprocessed with a coordinate transformation and time synchronization for both sensors, as well as the noise filtering to reduce the amount of clusters for the algorithm. Furthermore, three NN structures (CNN, DNN and LSTM) for static + dynamic objects and only dynamic objects are created, trained and discussed. Also, based on the results further improvements for the NN performance will be discussed."
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Elkefi, Safa, Onur Asan, and Tina W F Yen. "Using Human factors approach to evaluate patient-centered cancer care." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002186.
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Patient-centered care (PCC) approaches are critical for the delivery of high-quality care in cancer care where the therapeutic alliance between patients and the oncologists is frequent over extended periods of time. The concept of patient-centered care has received increased attention since the publication of the 2001 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report Crossing the Quality Chasm. In this study, we create and evaluate a new framework for patient-centered care in cancer using human factors approaches. Many initiatives focused on developing technologies that help foster PCC by increasing patients’ access to information and facilitating self-monitoring and patient convenience. This paper makes an important contribution to the literature by historically examining the evolution of the definitions of care approaches from disease-centered care focusing on curing the diseases to patient-centered care satisfying patients’ needs to person-centered care. Instead of treating people like victims of diseases, this model recognizes their need for more than one professional to support them emphasizing their capabilities and potential to improve their own health by themselves. It also provides a different and complementary way to the visit-oriented approach furnishing more accessible and continuous care over time, Our contribution also covers summarizing the existing measures adopted to measure its components and finally suggests a socio-technical framework based on the human factors approach to measuring PCC effectiveness. Our approach to measuring PCC is grounded in the conceptual framework we are suggesting that evaluates the effectiveness of patient-centered care based on a socio-technical perspective. We link the cognitive perception of patients towards PCC (Cognitive Sensory Input) to their exposure to external factors (Exposure) that may affect their (Cognition) behavior. A holistic approach recognizing health care as a dynamic socio-technical system in which sub-elements interact with each other remains necessary to better understand the system and its constraints in cancer care. We use a case study to emphasize the importance and need of such a human factors-based framework in providing a better quality of care and improving health outcomes. Achieving high-quality care is a complex pursuit in any setting especially for cancer care and improving the patient journey requires an integrated system of care and productive interactions among many system levels. By understanding the work system components, the design and integration of tasks, technology, and clinical processes can be reviewed to better support the respective needs of individuals while optimizing system performance. A supportive work environment and a highly engaged workforce are highly correlated with improved quality of patient-centered care and hospital performance. At the population level, case managers, navigators, quality officers, and administrators may track outcomes across patients.This framework can help organize clinical interventions that aim to control cancer patients’ behavior from a patient-centered perspective. It can also help technology designers by giving them insight into how patient-centeredness in the design of health informatics can impact cancer patients’ behavior. In addition, patient-centered designs can enhance technology acceptance among cancer patients making it easier to adopt technology for follow-up reasons by involving human factors and ergonomics principles in order to ensure successful results.
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Laverdure, Serge, Mokrane Hadj-Bachir, Philippe De Souza, and Dominique Gruyer. "Evaluating Autonomous Functions Performance Through Simulation Using Interoperable Sensor, Vehicle, and Environment Models." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-acm-067.
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The evaluation, validation, certification, and homologation of connected and automated autonomous vehicles will require more and more virtual testing because of a new level of system complexity the automotive industry has never faced before. Ensuring the robustness, accuracy, and reliability of the perception stages of an "intelligent" and automated vehicle is recognized as one of the challenges for the transition of future mobility means to the higher levels of autonomous driving. From a technological perspective, safety is enforced using combinations of sensors systems exploiting different physics principles used by GPS, by optical sensors, by near or thermal infrared sensors, by electromagnetic sensors and by ultrasonic sensors. The consistency of the performance verification, expected for the embedded processing relying on artificial intelligence software stacks, depends on the driving environment's characteristics. It is now obvious that real testing should evolve accordingly and should be completed by virtual testing. Therefore, the industry has embraced the idea of introducing simulation methods to support such validation. At ESI and with our strategic research and development partner University Gustave Eiffel (merge between previously IFSTTAR and 5 other organisms) we are working on the development of new interoperable and interconnected simulation solutions offering the proper agility related to the integration of new methods. In the new generations of simulation platform, the problem is to address a complex multi-layer simulation task not only processed by one software and one computer but by several interoperable remote platforms (i.e Dynamics vehicle modelling, sensors modelling, communication modelling, and traffic modelling). Such a simulation platform must respect important constraints such as the interconnection with real-time data management and processing software, or the capability to share the simulation components, the processing stages, and the driving functions across multiple applications and/or computers. Simulation can evaluate the performance of complex systems from well-defined scenarios and configurations. It intervenes in several phases of system manufacturing in the design and exploitation phases. With virtual prototyping, simulation can be used to predict in real time the system behavior with respect to its control in order to implement optimal strategies. It is also used for verification, validation and improvement of choices in the design phases. Our technical paper aims to present what we did with partners and customers in order to confirm the value brought by such new simulation solution.
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Ghasemi, Mahsa, and Ufuk Topcu. "Perception-Aware Point-Based Value Iteration for Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/329.
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In conventional partially observable Markov decision processes, the observations that the agent receives originate from fixed known distributions. However, in a variety of real-world scenarios, the agent has an active role in its perception by selecting which observations to receive. We avoid combinatorial expansion of the action space from integration of planning and perception decisions, through a greedy strategy for observation selection that minimizes an information-theoretic measure of the state uncertainty. We develop a novel point-based value iteration algorithm that incorporates this greedy strategy to pick perception actions for each sampled belief point in each iteration. As a result, not only the solver requires less belief points to approximate the reachable subspace of the belief simplex, but it also requires less computation per iteration. Further, we prove that the proposed algorithm achieves a near-optimal guarantee on value function with respect to an optimal perception strategy, and demonstrate its performance empirically.
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Prakash Kushvah, Jai, and Gerhard Rinkenauer. "Does Acoustic Feedback Increase the Accuracy of Weight and Force Perception during Fine Motor Activities?" In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001596.
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It is known from basic research that fine motor activities linked to object handling such as grasping and lifting are almost automatised and highly adapted to the properties of manipulated objects. Object surface properties influence the grip-lift force coupling at object-digit-surface and the object weight perception. Such force-coupling relies on visual and somatosensory processes along with the internal models. Limited or affected somatosensory mechanism could lead to disturbed force efforts and deterioration in object weight perception. Present study was aimed to evaluate the strategy to strengthen the somatosensory mechanism by implementing additional sensory channel (grip force related online acoustic feedback) during a standard weight discrimination task. Participants from both young and old age judged the heaviness of objects with different shapes, compared to a reference object using the precision grip. Results showed that object shape manipulation influenced grip force and weight perception. Integration of additional sense supported the forward model by reducing sensorimotor processing time in both age groups. This indicates the facilitatory impact of multisensory integration on motor control. Moreover, it lowered the discrimination threshold of weight perception and improved the accuracy level. Contrarily, the effect of assistive acoustic feedback on grip force application and weight perception was not significant. We clearly observed the overall aging effects for weight perception and grip force application.
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Olgac, Nejat, Rifat Sipahi, and Ali Fuat Ergenc. "The Homicidal Chauffeur Problem With Time Delayed Feedback." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55537.
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The classical pursuit-evasion scenario (target tracking) is studied with an interesting perspective. A homicidal chauffeur (pursuer) tries to capture an evader on a 2-dimensional platform (a parking lot). It utilizes a certain feedback control law, which enables the capture. If, however, a time delay is introduced for the sensory perception of the pursuer the performance of the pursuer can show dramatic changes. It may or may not capture its victim depending on this very critical parameter, the sensory time delay. The unique perspective is introduced at this feature.
Reports on the topic "Sensory Processes, Perception and Performance"
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Martinez, Kimberly D., and Gaojian Huang. Exploring the Effects of Meaningful Tactile Display on Perception and Preference in Automated Vehicles. Mineta Transportation Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2164.
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There is an existing issue in human-machine interaction, such that drivers of semi-autonomous vehicles are still required to take over control of the vehicle during system limitations. A possible solution may lie in tactile displays, which can present status, direction, and position information while avoiding sensory (e.g., visual and auditory) channels overload to reliably help drivers make timely decisions and execute actions to successfully take over. However, limited work has investigated the effects of meaningful tactile signals on takeover performance. This study synthesizes literature investigating the effects of tactile displays on takeover performance in automated vehicles and conducts a human-subject study to design and test the effects of six meaningful tactile signal types and two pattern durations on drivers’ perception and performance during automated driving. The research team performed a literature review of 18 articles that conducted human-subjects experiments on takeover performance utilizing tactile displays as takeover requests. Takeover performance in these studies were highlighted, such as response times, workload, and accuracy. The team then conducted a human-subject experiment, which included 16 participants that used a driving simulator to present 30 meaningful vibrotactile signals, randomly across four driving sessions measuring for reaction times (RTs), interpretation accuracy, and subjective ratings. Results from the literature suggest that tactile displays can present meaningful vibrotactile patterns via various in-vehicle locations to help improve drivers’ performance during the takeover and can be used to assist in the design of human-machine interfaces (HMI) for automated vehicles. The experiment yielded results illustrating higher urgency patterns were associated with shorter RTs and higher intuitive ratings. Also, pedestrian status and headway reduction signals presented shorter RTs and increased confidence ratings compared to other tactile signal types. Finally, the signal types that yielded the highest accuracy were the surrounding vehicle and navigation signal types. Implications of these findings may lie in informing the design of next-generation in-vehicle HMIs and future human factors studies on human-automation interactions.
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Холошин, Ігор Віталійович, Ірина Миколаївна Варфоломєєва, Олена Вікторівна Ганчук, Ольга Володимирівна Бондаренко, and Андрій Валерійович Пікільняк. Pedagogical techniques of Earth remote sensing data application into modern school practice. CEUR-WS.org, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3257.
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Abstract. The article dwells upon the Earth remote sensing data as one of the basic directions of Geo-Information Science, a unique source of information on processes and phenomena occurring in almost all spheres of the Earth geographic shell (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, etc.). The authors argue that the use of aerospace images by means of the information and communication technologies involvement in the learning process allows not only to increase the information context value of learning, but also contributes to the formation of students’ cognitive interest in such disciplines as geography, biology, history, physics, computer science, etc. It has been grounded that remote sensing data form students’ spatial, temporal and qualitative concepts, sensory support for the perception, knowledge and explanation of the specifics of objects and phenomena of geographical reality, which, in its turn, provides an increase in the level of educational achievements. The techniques of aerospace images application into the modern school practice have been analyzed and illustrated in the examples: from using them as visual aids, to realization of practical and research orientation of training on the basis of remote sensing data. Particular attention is paid to the practical component of the Earth remote sensing implementation into the modern school practice with the help of information and communication technologies.
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Kholoshyn, Ihor V., Iryna M. Varfolomyeyeva, Olena V. Hanchuk, Olga V. Bondarenko, and Andrey V. Pikilnyak. Pedagogical techniques of Earth remote sensing data application into modern school practice. [б. в.], September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3262.
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The article dwells upon the Earth remote sensing data as one of the basic directions of Geo-Information Science, a unique source of information on processes and phenomena occurring in almost all spheres of the Earth geographic shell (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, etc.). The authors argue that the use of aerospace images by means of the information and communication technologies involvement in the learning process allows not only to increase the information context value of learning, but also contributes to the formation of students’ cognitive interest in such disciplines as geography, biology, history, physics, computer science, etc. It has been grounded that remote sensing data form students’ spatial, temporal and qualitative concepts, sensory support for the perception, knowledge and explanation of the specifics of objects and phenomena of geographical reality, which, in its turn, provides an increase in the level of educational achievements. The techniques of aerospace images application into the modern school practice have been analyzed and illustrated in the examples: from using them as visual aids, to realization of practical and research orientation of training on the basis of remote sensing data. Particular attention is paid to the practical component of the Earth remote sensing implementation into the modern school practice with the help of information and communication technologies.
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Monetary Policy Report - July 2022. Banco de la República, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr3-2022.
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In the second quarter, annual inflation (9.67%), the technical staff’s projections and its expectations continued to increase, remaining above the target. International cost shocks, accentuated by Russia's invasion of Ukraine, have been more persistent than projected, thus contributing to higher inflation. The effects of indexation, higher than estimated excess demand, a tighter labor market, inflation expectations that continue to rise and currently exceed 3%, and the exchange rate pressures add to those described above. High core inflation measures as well as in the producer price index (PPI) across all baskets confirm a significant spread in price increases. Compared to estimates presented in April, the new forecast trajectory for headline and core inflation increased. This was partly the result of greater exchange rate pressure on prices, and a larger output gap, which is expected to remain positive for the remainder of 2022 and which is estimated to close towards yearend 2023. In addition, these trends take into account higher inflation rate indexation, more persistent above-target inflation expectations, a quickening of domestic fuel price increases due to the correction of lags versus the parity price and higher international oil price forecasts. The forecast supposes a good domestic supply of perishable foods, although it also considers that international prices of processed foods will remain high. In terms of the goods sub-basket, the end of the national health emergency implies a reversal of the value-added tax (VAT) refund applied to health and personal hygiene products, resulting in increases in the prices of these goods. Alternatively, the monetary policy adjustment process and the moderation of external shocks would help inflation and its expectations to begin to decrease over time and resume their alignment with the target. Thus, the new projection suggests that inflation could remain high for the second half of 2022, closing at 9.7%. However, it would begin to fall during 2023, closing the year at 5.7%. These forecasts are subject to significant uncertainty, especially regarding the future behavior of external cost shocks, the degree of indexation of nominal contracts and decisions made regarding the domestic price of fuels. Economic activity continues to outperform expectations, and the technical staff’s growth projections for 2022 have been revised upwards from 5% to 6.9%. The new forecasts suggest higher output levels that would continue to exceed the economy’s productive capacity for the remainder of 2022. Economic growth during the first quarter was above that estimated in April, while economic activity indicators for the second quarter suggest that the GDP could be expected to remain high, potentially above that of the first quarter. Domestic demand is expected to maintain a positive dynamic, in particular, due to the household consumption quarterly growth, as suggested by vehicle registrations, retail sales, credit card purchases and consumer loan disbursement figures. A slowdown in the machinery and equipment imports from the levels observed in March contrasts with the positive performance of sales and housing construction licenses, which indicates an investment level similar to that registered for the first three months of the year. International trade data suggests the trade deficit would be reduced as a consequence of import levels that would be lesser than those observed in the first quarter, and stable export levels. For the remainder of the year and 2023, a deceleration in consumption is expected from the high levels seen during the first half of the year, partially as a result of lower repressed demand, tighter domestic financial conditions and household available income deterioration due to increased inflation. Investment is expected to continue its slow recovery while remaining below pre-pandemic levels. The trade deficit is expected to tighten due to projected lower domestic demand dynamics, and high prices of oil and other basic goods exported by the country. Given the above, economic growth in the second quarter of 2022 would be 11.5%, and for 2022 and 2023 an annual growth of 6.9% and 1.1% is expected, respectively. Currently, and for the remainder of 2022, the output gap would be positive and greater than that estimated in April, and prices would be affected by demand pressures. These projections continue to be affected by significant uncertainty associated with global political tensions, the expected adjustment of monetary policy in developed countries, external demand behavior, changes in country risk outlook, and the future developments in domestic fiscal policy, among others. The high inflation levels and respective expectations, which exceed the target of the world's main central banks, largely explain the observed and anticipated increase in their monetary policy interest rates. This environment has tempered the growth forecast for external demand. Disruptions in value chains, rising international food and energy prices, and expansionary monetary and fiscal policies have contributed to the rise in inflation and above-target expectations seen by several of Colombia’s main trading partners. These cost and price shocks, heightened by the effects of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, have been more prevalent than expected and have taken place within a set of output and employment recovery, variables that in some countries currently equal or exceed their projected long-term levels. In response, the U.S. Federal Reserve accelerated the pace of the benchmark interest rate increase and rapidly reduced liquidity levels in the money market. Financial market actors expect this behavior to continue and, consequently, significantly increase their expectations of the average path of the Fed's benchmark interest rate. In this setting, the U.S. dollar appreciated versus the peso in the second quarter and emerging market risk measures increased, a behavior that intensified for Colombia. Given the aforementioned, for the remainder of 2022 and 2023, the Bank's technical staff increased the forecast trajectory for the Fed's interest rate and reduced the country's external demand growth forecast. The projected oil price was revised upward over the forecast horizon, specifically due to greater supply restrictions and the interruption of hydrocarbon trade between the European Union and Russia. Global geopolitical tensions, a tightening of monetary policy in developed economies, the increase in risk perception for emerging markets and the macroeconomic imbalances in the country explain the increase in the projected trajectory of the risk premium, its trend level and the neutral real interest rate1. Uncertainty about external forecasts and their consequent impact on the country's macroeconomic scenario remains high, given the unpredictable evolution of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, geopolitical tensions, the degree of the global economic slowdown and the effect the response to recent outbreaks of the pandemic in some Asian countries may have on the world economy. This macroeconomic scenario that includes high inflation, inflation forecasts, and expectations above 3% and a positive output gap suggests the need for a contractionary monetary policy that mitigates the risk of the persistent unanchoring of inflation expectations. In contrast to the forecasts of the April report, the increase in the risk premium trend implies a higher neutral real interest rate and a greater prevailing monetary stimulus than previously estimated. For its part, domestic demand has been more dynamic, with a higher observed and expected output level that exceeds the economy’s productive capacity. The surprising accelerations in the headline and core inflation reflect stronger and more persistent external shocks, which, in combination with the strength of aggregate demand, indexation, higher inflation expectations and exchange rate pressures, explain the upward projected inflation trajectory at levels that exceed the target over the next two years. This is corroborated by the inflation expectations of economic analysts and those derived from the public debt market, which continued to climb and currently exceed 3%. All of the above increase the risk of unanchoring inflation expectations and could generate widespread indexation processes that may push inflation away from the target for longer. This new macroeconomic scenario suggests that the interest rate adjustment should continue towards a contractionary monetary policy landscape. 1.2. Monetary policy decision Banco de la República’s Board of Directors (BDBR), at its meetings in June and July 2022, decided to continue adjusting its monetary policy. At its June meeting, the BDBR decided to increase the monetary policy rate by 150 basis points (b.p.) and its July meeting by majority vote, on a 150 b.p. increase thereof at its July meeting. Consequently, the monetary policy interest rate currently stands at 9.0% . 1 The neutral real interest rate refers to the real interest rate level that is neither stimulative nor contractionary for aggregate demand and, therefore, does not generate pressures that lead to the close of the output gap. In a small, open economy like Colombia, this rate depends on the external neutral real interest rate, medium-term components of the country risk premium, and expected depreciation. Box 1: A Weekly Indicator of Economic Activity for Colombia Juan Pablo Cote Carlos Daniel Rojas Nicol Rodriguez Box 2: Common Inflationary Trends in Colombia Carlos D. Rojas-Martínez Nicolás Martínez-Cortés Franky Juliano Galeano-Ramírez Box 3: Shock Decomposition of 2021 Forecast Errors Nicolás Moreno Arias