Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sensory node

Academic literature on the topic 'Sensory node'

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Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sensory node"

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Socarrás Bertiz, Carlos Alberto, Juan Jesús Fernández Lozano, Jose Antonio Gomez-Ruiz, and Alfonso García-Cerezo. "Integration of a Mobile Node into a Hybrid Wireless Sensor Network for Urban Environments." Sensors 19, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19010215.

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Robots, or in general, intelligent vehicles, require large amounts of data to adapt their behavior to the environment and achieve their goals. When their missions take place in large areas, using additional information to that gathered by the onboard sensors frequently offers a more efficient solution of the problem. The emergence of Cyber-Physical Systems and Cloud computing allows this approach, but integration of sensory information, and its effective availability for the robots or vehicles is challenging. This paper addresses the development and implementation of a modular mobile node of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), designed to be mounted onboard vehicles, and capable of using different sensors according to mission needs. The mobile node is integrated with an existing static network, transforming it into a Hybrid Wireless Sensor Network (H-WSN), and adding flexibility and range to it. The integration is achieved without the need for multi-hop routing. A database holds the data acquired by both mobile and static nodes, allowing access in real-time to the gathered information. A Human–Machine Interface (HMI) presents this information to users. Finally, the system is tested in real urban scenarios in a use-case of measurement of gas levels.
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Belej, Olexander. "The Main Cluster Node Formation in Wireless Sensory Networks." Computer Design Systems. Theory and Practice, no. 1 (2020): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/cds2019.01.034.

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In wireless sensor networks, the clustering method is often used to transmit information, which is one of the most energy efficient approaches. Since the master cluster node interacts with other nodes in the network, a node with a high residual energy is selected to perform its functions. The technology of selecting the main node based on fuzzy logic, which involves the use of a number of input parameters, the effect of which is demonstrated in the article, is proposed.
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Shukur, Marwan Ihsan. "S-CDCA: a semi-cluster directive-congestion protocol for priority-based data in WSNs." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i1.pp438-444.

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The internet of things (IoT) protocols and regulations are being developed forvarious applications includes: habitat monitoring, machinery control, general health-care, smart-homes and more. A great part of I0T comprised of sensors nodes in connected networks (i.e. sensor networks.). A sensor network is a group of nodes with sensory module and computational elements connected through network interfaces. The most interesting type of sensor networks are wireless sensor networks. The nodes here are connected through wirless interfaces. The shared medium between these nodes, creates different challenges. Congestion in such network is ineavitable. Different models andmethods were proposed to alleviate congestion in wireless sensor networks.This paper presents a semi-cluster directive congestion method that allivatenetwork congestion forpriority-baseddata transmission. The method simprove the network performance by implementing temporary cluster forlow level priority data packets while providing a clear link between highpriority data source node and the network base station. Simulation resultsshow that. The proposed method outperformes ad hocOn-demand distance vector (AODV) reactive procotol approach and priority-based congestion control dynamic clustering (PCCDC) a cluster-based methodin network energy consumption and control packets overhead during network operation.The proposed method also shows comparative improvments in end-to-enddelays versus PCCDC.
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Yoon, Ikjune, and Dong Noh. "Energy-Aware Control of Data Compression and Sensing Rate for Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks." Sensors 18, no. 8 (August 9, 2018): 2609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082609.

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Wireless rechargeable sensor nodes can collect additional data, which leads to an increase in the precision of data analysis, when enough harvested energy is acquired. However, because such nodes increase the amount of sensory data, some nodes (especially near the sink) may blackout because more transmitted data can make relaying nodes expend more energy. In this paper, we propose an energy-aware control scheme of data compression and sensing rate to maximize the amount of data collected at the sink, while minimizing the blackout time. In this scheme, each dominant node determines the data quota that all its descendant nodes can transmit during the next period, which operates with an efficient energy allocation scheme. Then, the node receiving the quota selects an appropriate data compression algorithm and sensing rate according to both its quota and allocated energy during the next period, so as not to exhaust the energy of nodes near the sink. Experimental results verify that the proposed scheme collects more data than other schemes, while suppressing the blackout of nodes. We also found that it adapts better to changes in node density and harvesting environments.
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Bondarchuk, Andrii, Zoreslava Brzhevska, Nadiia Dovzhenko, Anatoliy Makarenko, and Valentin Sobchuk. "THE RESEARCH OF PROBLEMS OF THE INFORMATION ALGORITHM FUNCTIONING IN THE PRESENCE OF PRESERVED NODES IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS." Cybersecurity: Education Science Technique, no. 4 (2019): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2663-4023.2019.4.5461.

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Sensor networks are one of the most relevant and promising technologies for wide application in various spheres of human life. Relatively inexpensive components, namely, sensor nodes are combined into one network. Due to the use of a significant number of nodes, in addition to the overall impact on functionality, this also leads to a decrease in the reliability of the network. Wireless connectivity has a number of limitations when it comes to the direct connection to the public communications network or the next-generation networks with optical components. For example, the relatively small distance to send information between constituent components. It follows next idea -sooner or later there will be the denial of nodes, which will lead to the isolation of other sensors. To avoid this, or at least to ensure the network connectivity during a failover, more nodes on a separate site need to be used. Also, due to the presence of connectivity between touch nodes, there are a number of general features that should be taken into account when designing such a network and deploying it in real-world conditions. One of these tasks is to ensure the accuracy of packets of information’s transfer between the sensor nodes, as violations of its integrity, quality, reliability and safety can lead to serious consequences. Due to insignificant volumes of memory, sensor nodes are not able to capture data about all nodes, their physical addresses, metrics for the fastest transmission of information packets. In view of this, the number of requests for the same node may exceed the critical rate at a certain time. However, there may also be a situation where a node that has not been earlier tested can be connected to the network. In this case, the question of the authenticity of the data that will circulate in the network from a similar, hidden node to others is sharply raised. Therefore, it is necessary to study the existing and the introduction of new algorithms for the transmission of information in the presence of hidden nodes in wireless sensory networks at the present stage of development.
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Ayedi, Mariem, Esraa Eldesouky, and Jabeen Nazeer. "Energy-Spectral Efficiency Optimization in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks Using Salp Swarm Algorithm." Journal of Sensors 2021 (January 15, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6683988.

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Achieving high data rate transmission is critically constrained by green communication metrics in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). A unified metric ensuring a successful compromise between the energy efficiency (EE) and the spectral efficiency (SE) is, then, an interesting design criterion in such systems. In this paper, we focus on EE-SE tradeoff optimization in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) where signals penetrate through a challenging lossy soil medium and nodes’ power supply is critical. Underground sensor nodes gather and send sensory information to underground relay nodes which amplify-and-retransmit received signals to an aboveground sink node. We propose to optimize source and relay powers used for each packet transmission using an efficient recent metaheuristic optimization algorithm called Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA). Thus, the optimal source and relay transmission powers, which maximize the EE-SE tradeoff under the maximum allowed transmission powers and the initial battery capacity constraints, are obtained. Further, we study the case where the underground medium properties are dynamic and change from a transmission to another. For this situation, we propose to allocate different maximum node powers according to the soil medium conditions. Simulation results prove that our proposed optimization achieves a significant EE-SE tradeoff and prolongs the network’s lifetime compared to the fixed allocation node power scheme. Additional gain is obtained in case of dynamic medium conditions.
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Saleh Almurisi, Nasr Musaed, and Tadisetty Srinivasulu. "A novel scheme for energy-efficient bridge layer in sensor-cloud." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 18, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i2.pp1048-1056.

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<span>Recently, Sensor-Cloud has been widely utilized in various domains, providing real-time monitoring and remote observations. The sensory data is collected from different heterogeneous WSNs, uploaded to the cloud, virtualized, and served for many user applications. However, the survivability of the physical sensors is a challenge, where the nodes are battery-powered and must be utilized wisely. The need is to extend their lifetime and, thus, ensuring cloud functionality and user satisfaction. In this paper, we address the energy-efficiency of the physical sensors in the Sensor-Cloud paradigm. We propose a new scheme based on layered architecture, in which data transmitted to the cloud through a multi-hop routing. The new scheme introduces a novel algorithm to define a set of nodes called the bridge layer, receiving data from the cluster-head-layer and forwards to the sink node layer. Nodes in the bridge layer are selected according to their final score defined based on their energy-efficiency and distance-efficiency as given by the algorithm. Thus, ensuring a robust layer that helps in reducing the transmission energy and extending overall network lifetime. Our simulation results show an improved performance of our scheme over the scenario without the bridge layer, in terms of several parameters we considered.</span>
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Kvasnikov, V., and A. Dudnik. "Scientific Basis of Distance Determination Between Objects by the Computerized Systems of Mechanical Quantities Measurement." Metrology and instruments, no. 3 (March 7, 2018): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(3)2018.21-26.

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Nowadays, wireless technologies are increasingly used in information measuring systems. The article will describe the concept of using wireless sensory networks (WSN) as a computerized system for measuring mechanical quantities, namely, the distance (object localization). Wireless sensor networks consist of a large number of sensory nodes that are used to control a particular area. This type of network has become popular due to its application, which includes several areas, such as environmental, medical, industrial, household, agricultural and meteorological. In this article it is proposed to consider sensor networks as a kind of computerized systems for measuring mechanical quantities, for example, measuring the distance between objects and analyzing the measurement error. It is proposed to describe the mathematical model of this problem, as well as formulate the basic definitions of system elements. In this work a structural diagram of the measu­ring device of a wireless sensor network, consisting of a sensor, a microcontroller, a power element and a transceiver was constructed. The mathematical model of determination of coordinates in a wireless sensor network is proposed, which includes the distance between adjacent nodes, the number of sensor nodes forming the system of equations and the distribution function. A number of definitions have been introduced that characterize the process of establishing the current state of the node of the sensor network, namely: Defined nodes, Anchor nodes, Units of additional information, Localization problem. The criteria for classification of localization algorithms are defined, namely: data identification, data correlation, node addressing, network management, geographic algorithms. A study of a mathematical model was conducted. The purpose of these studies was to find new alternative methods for determining the distance between objects, which, in addition to the classical means of measuring mechanical quantities, was proposed to use the function of localization of objects of wireless sensor networks. As a result of the research, the error of the localization of the nodes of the sensor network was estimated. The experiment data with the model of the sensor network made it possible to analyze the possible ways to reduce the localization error in further research.
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Liu, Liang, Zhenhai Hu, and Lisong Wang. "Energy-efficient and privacy-preserving spatial range aggregation query processing in wireless sensor networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 15, no. 7 (July 2019): 155014771986100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147719861005.

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The existing privacy-preserving aggregation query processing methods in sensor networks rely on pre-established network topology and require all nodes in the network to participate in query processing. Maintaining the topology results in a large amount of energy overhead, and in many cases, the user is interested only in the aggregated query results of some areas in the network, and thus, the participation of the entire network node is not necessary. Aiming to solve this problem, this article proposes a spatial range aggregation query algorithm for a dynamic sensor network with privacy protection (energy-efficient privacy-preserving data aggregation). The algorithm does not rely on the pre-established topology but considers only the query area that the user is interested in, abandoning all nodes to participate in distributing the query messages while gathering the sensory data in the query range. To protect node data privacy, Shamir’s secret sharing technology is used to prevent internal attackers from stealing the sensitive data of the surrounding nodes. The analysis and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms in terms of energy and privacy protection.
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Yadav, Ramnaresh, Keshav Singh, Sudip Biswas, and Ashwani Kumar. "Multi-User AF Relay Networks with Power Allocation and Transfer: A Joint Approach." Energies 12, no. 16 (August 16, 2019): 3157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12163157.

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The Internet-of-Things (IoT) framework has been considered as an enabler of the smart world where all devices will be deployed with extra-sensory power in order to sense the world as well as communicate with other sensor nodes. As a result, smart devices require more energy. Therefore, energy harvesting (EH) and wireless power transfer (WPT) emerge as a remedy for relieving the battery limitations of wireless devices. In this work, we consider a multi-user amplify-and-forward (AF)-assisted network, wherein multiple source nodes communicate with destination nodes with the help of a relay node. All the source nodes and the relay node have the capability of EH. In addition, to cope with a single point of failure i.e., failure of the relay node due to the lack of transmit power, we consider the WPT from the source nodes to the relay node. For WPT, a dedicated energy control channel is utilized by the source nodes. To maximize the sum rate using a deadline, we adopt a joint approach of power allocation and WPT and formulate an optimization problem under the constraints of the battery as well as energy causality. The formulated problem is non-convex and intractable. In order to make the problem solvable, we utilize a successive convex approximation method. Furthermore, an iterative algorithm based on the dual decomposition technique is investigated to get the optimal power allocation and transfer. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the performance of the proposed iterative algorithm.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sensory node"

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Sakib, Kazi Muheymin-Us, and s3091580@rmit edu au. "Energy Balanced Sensor Node Organisation For Maximising Network Lifetime." RMIT University. Computer Science and Information Technology, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080805.135709.

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Recent advances in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and low-power short-range radios have enabled rapid development of wireless sensor networks. Future sensor networks are anticipated to include hundreds or thousands of these devices in many applications, such as capturing multimedia content for surveillance, structural health monitoring, tracking of accidental chemical leaks, machine failures, earthquakes and intrusion detection. With the increase of sensor applications, a number of challenging problems related to the network protocol design has emerged - the most important ones relating to energy efficiency and lifetime maximisation. Techniques devised for sensor networks should deal with a large number of sensors distributed in the field. Wireless sensor nodes are deployed with limited energy reserves, so the networks should operate with minimum energy overhead. In fact, the network should take into account not only individual node's energy efficiency but also consider the global picture, because surviving nodes' energy reserves in a failed network are wasted energy. This thesis examines a node organisation technique to deal with the above challenges. The focus is on improving network lifetime via organising the nodes in a distributed and energy efficient manner. The main goal is lowering wasted energy via energy balancing and exploiting node redundancy in case of node failure. In particular, this thesis proposes Energy Balanced Clustering (EBC) method for node self-organisation where network tasks (such as data aggregation and data forwarding) are shifted to high-energy neighbours to reduce the energy consumption of low energy nodes. After showing how to extend network lifetime by energy balanced node organisation, the effect of redundant node deployments on network lifetime is addressed. Redundant nodes consume energy by performing unnecessary tasks so a method called Self-Calculated Redundancy Check (SCRC) is proposed to deactivate redundant nodes. A deactivated redundant node can be used as a replacement for a failed node. The Asynchronous Failed Sensor node Detection (AFSD) proposed in this thesis uses the data packets exchanged between neighbours to identify failed neighbours. To restore coverage for network holes caused by failed nodes, policies are given for re-activating redundant nodes. Detailed analytical analysis and simulation of the proposed methods demonstrate that by taking into account energy balancing, eliminating redundant tasks and replacing failed nodes sensor network lifetime can significantly be improved.
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Туранська, Олена Сергіївна. "Розвиток методів захисту інформації в безпроводових сенсорних мережах." Master's thesis, Київ, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/23470.

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Робота містить 67 сторінку, 4 ілюстрацій, 1 таблиць. Було використано 23 джерела інформації. Актуальність. В наш час проблема захисту інформації є дуже важливою і для її вирішення витрачається дуже багато ресурсів. Оскільки, безпроводові сенсорні мережі в наш час стають все популярнішими і знаходять своє застосування в багатьох галузях нашого життя, збільшуються і вимоги до такого типу мереж. Безпроводовий зв'язок і особливості експлуатації таких мереж вимагають особливого підходу до питання захисту безпеки в БСМ. Тому дана тема є актуальною. Метою даної роботи є дослідити особливості експлуатації безпроводових сенсорних мереж, атаки на мережу та існуючі методи захисту інформації. А також запропонувати новий метод захисту інформації в БСМ. Для досягнення поставленої мети в роботі вирішуються наступні задачі:  дослідження особливостей експлуатації БСМ;  дослідження показників надійності системи безпеки в БСМ;  визначення найрозповсюдженіших атак на мережі такого типу;  дослідження існуючих методів захисту інформації в БСМ;  розробка математичної моделі запропонованого методу покращення захисту інформації в БСМ. Об’єкт дослідження – безпроводові сенсорні мережі. Предмет дослідження – атаки на мережу та методи захисту інформації. Наукова новизна роботи полягає у створенні покращеного методі захисту інформації в безпроводових сенсорних мережах. Апробація. Результати, що включені у дану роботу, були оприлюднені на двох міжнародних наукових конференціях: 1. ХI Міжнародна Науково-технічна Конференція "ПРОБЛЕМИ ТЕЛЕКОМУНІКАЦІЙ 2017" 18.04-21.04.2017р. на базі Інституту телекомунікаційних систем та НДІ телекомунікацій НТУУ "КПІ"; 2. ХІI Міжнародна Науково-технічна Конференція "ПРОБЛЕМИ ТЕЛЕКОМУНІКАЦІЙ 2018" 16.04-20.04.2018р. на базі Інституту телекомунікаційних систем та НДІ телекомунікацій КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського. Публікації: 1. Туранська О.С., Лисенко О.І. Захист інформації у безпроводових сенсорних мережах // Туранська О.С., Лисенко О.І. - «Проблеми телекомунікації»: одинадцята міжнародна науково-технічна конференція, присвячена Дню науки та Всесвітньому Дню телекомунікацій (ПТ-17) 18-21 квітня 2017 р., К.: с. 420…422; 2. Туранська О.С., Петрова В.М. Керівні принципи та підходи до захисту інформації у безпроводових сенсорних мережах // Туранська О.С., Петрова В.М. - «Проблеми телекомунікації»: дванадцята міжнародна науково-технічна конференція, присвячена Дню науки та Всесвітньому Дню телекомунікацій (ПТ-18) 16-20 квітня 2018 р., К.: с. 383…385. Ключові слова: безпроводова сенсорна мережа, сенсорний вузол, захист інформації, атака на мережу, математична модель.
The work contains 67 pages, 4 illustrations, 1 tables, 23 sources of information were used. Topicality. Nowadays the problem of information security is very important and a lot of resources are spent to solve it. Because wireless sensory networks are becoming more popular in our day and are used in many areas of our lives, requirements for such networks also increase. Wireless communication and the features of the operation of such networks require a special approach to security issues in the WSN. The aim of this work is to explore the features of the operation of wireless sensor networks, attacks on the network and existing methods of information protection. And also to propose a new method of information security in WSN. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set:  study of the features of the operation of the WSN;  study of reliability indicators of the security system in the WSN;  determining the most common attacks on the network of this type;  research of existing methods of information security in WSN;  development of a mathematical model of the proposed method for improving the protection of information in WSN. The object of research - wireless sensor networks. The subject of research - attacks on the network and methods of information protection. Scientific novelty of work is to create an improved method for protecting information in wireless sensory networks. Approbation. The results included in this work were presented at two international conferences: 1. XI International Scientific Conference "Problems TELECOMMUNICATIONS 2017" 18.04-21.04.2017r. at the Institute of Telecommunication Systems and Telecommunications Research Institute KPI them. Igor Sikorsky. 2. XII International Scientific Conference "Problems TELECOMMUNICATIONS 2018" 16.04-20.04.2018r. at the Institute of Telecommunication Systems and Telecommunications Research Institute "KPI"; Publications: 1. Turanska OS, Lysenko OI Information Security in Wireless Sensor Networks // Turanska OS, Lysenko OI - "Problems of Telecommunications" eleventh international scientific conference dedicated to the Day of Science and World Day of Telecommunications (PT-17) 18-21 April 2017, K .: with. 420…422; 2. Turanska OS, Petrova VM Guiding principles and approaches to information security in Wireless Sensor Networks// Turanska OS, Petrova VM - "Problems of Telecommunications", the twelfth international scientific conference dedicated to the Day of Science and World Day of Telecommunications (PT-18), 16-20 April 2017, K .: p. 383…385; Key words: wireless sensor networks, sensory node, security of information, attack on the network, mathematical model
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Clark, Geoffrey Stuart Williamson. "Improving the energy efficiency and transmission reliability of battery-powered sensor nodes at the edges of a mains-powered wireless network." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10033.

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A masters thesis focussing on achieving improvements in transmission reliability and energy efficiency for a battery-powered wireless sensor node on the edge of an industrial heterogeneous wireless network that consists predominantly of mains-powered nodes. A router-switching technique is proposed to allow the sensor node to make gains in transmission reliability and energy efficiency by taking advantage of the scenario where multiple wireless routers are in range and switching between them, instead of only being able to transmit to one router. The research involves simulation of a number of network scenarios where the router-switching technique is enabled and disabled, to measure the advantage gained for the sensor in terms of its functional lifetime. The simulation is based on an abstract model that focusses on the edge of the mains-powered area of the network, where the battery-powered sensor is located. The simulation results show that for many cases, router-switching provides a higher level of transmission reliability and lower levels of energy consumption than the scenario where router-switching is disabled, as well as improvements in data loss rates.
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Vera, Carrasco Luciano. "Sensory quality control of alcoholic beverages using fast chemical sensors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9061.

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Control de calidad sensorial de bebidas alcohólicas utilizando rápidos sensores químicos
En la presente tesis Doctoral, han sido aplicados dos sensores artificiales para el análisis de
bebidas alcohólicas: la nariz electrónica basada en la espectrometría de masas (MS) y la lengua
electrónica basada en la espectroscopía infrarroja con transformada de Fourier (FTIR). El
propósito fue desarrollar nuevas estrategias para analizar la autenticidad de estos productos,
desde un punto de vista sensorial, por medio de técnicas las espectrales antes mencionadas.
Adicionalmente, ha sido utilizado un espectrofotómetro UV-visible como ojo electrónico. El
trabajo presentado pretende ser un avance significativo hacia el desarrollo de un catador
electrónico mediante la fusión de los tres sensores químicos: nariz electrónica, lengua
electrónica y ojo electrónico.
Sensory quality control of alcoholic beverages using fast chemical sensors
In the present Doctoral Thesis, two chemical artificial sensors are applied to the analysis of
alcoholic beverages: the Mass Spectrometry (MS)-based electronic-noses and Fourier
transform infrared (FTIR)-based electronic-tongue. The aim was developing new strategies to
test the authenticity of these products, from a sensory point of view, by means of the spectral
techniques above mentioned. Additionally, has been used an UV-visible spectrophotometer as
electronic eye. The work presented wants to be a significant advance towards the development
of an electronic taster through the fusion of three chemical sensors: electronic nose, electronic
tongue and electronic eye.
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Simkhada, Shailendra, Christopher Lee, David Venderwerf, Miranda Tyree, and Tyler Lacey. "Wireless Sensor Network." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/595644.

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ITC/USA 2011 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Seventh Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2011 / Bally's Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada
The scope of this document is the description of design and implementation of the wireless sensor network realized as a part of our Senior Design Capstone Project. The various components and sub-systems that comprise the final product are discussed, followed by the implementation procedures and results.
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Cochran, Travis. "Ultra Low Power Wake-up Receiver with Unique Node Addressing for Wireless Sensor Nodes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76909.

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Power consumption and battery life are of critical importance for medical implant devices. For this reason, devices for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) applications must consume very little power. To save power, it is desirable to turn off or put to sleep a device when not in use. However, a transceiver, which is the most power hungry block of a wireless sensor node, needs to listen for the incoming signal continuously. An alternative scheme, is to listen for the incoming signal at a predetermined internal, which saves power at the cost of increased latency. Another and more sophisticated scheme is to provide a wake-up receiver, which listens for the incoming signal continuously, and upon detection of an incoming signal, it wakes the primary transceiver up. A wake-up receiver is typically simple and dissipates little power to make the scheme useful. This thesis proposes a low-power wake-up receiver, which listens for a wake-up signal, identifies the target node, and wakes up the primary receiver only when that specific node is called upon. When a wake up signal is transmitted to all of the nodes on a network, our wake-up receiver allows all the nodes on a network except the targeted node to remain asleep to save power. Several wake-up receiver topologies have been proposed. This work uses a passive Cockcroft-Walton multiplier circuit as an RF envelope detector followed by a simple detector circuit. A novel serial code detector is then used to decode the pulse width modulated input signal to wake-up the designated node. A passive RF front end and simple decoding circuit reduce power consumption substantially at the cost of low sensitivity. The sensitivity of the wake-up receiver can be improved though the addition of an RF amplifier, but at the cost of increased power consumption.
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7

Lwanga, Evans Leonidace. "Feasibility-Study and Developing of a LoRaWAN® IoT Sensor Node." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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The increasing implementation of IoT technologies guarantees a growing number of connected devices. These devices range in features depending on their respective applications. Because of the growing interest and rapid technological advancement of sensor technology, the designing, and deployment of wireless sensor networks has also seen a substantial expansion. This thesis focuses on developing a sensor-node for a LoRaWAN network, which is one of the dominant low-power wide-area network technologies. It does so by taking into account an existing end-device and based on its design and essential performing features, a new design is proposed and implemented. It comprehensively discusses power consumption, size, hardware and firmware development and on how all the mentioned contribute to the overall significance of the end-device. Ultimately, the proposed design is tested by establishing a complete LoRaWAN network to observe and evaluate the performance upon actual deployment.
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Elliott, Joanne Margaret. "Conducting polymer odour sensors." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242764.

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Al-Riyami, Ahmed. "Towards an adaptive solution to data privacy protection in hierarchical wireless sensor networks." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/towards-an-adaptive-solution-to-data-privacy-protection-in-hierarchical-wireless-sensor-networks(a096db2a-251c-4e9e-a4ff-8bfe4c6f1bf4).html.

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Hierarchical Wireless Sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming attractive to many applications due to their energy efficiency and scalability. However, if such networks are deployed in a privacy sensitive application context such as home utility consumption, protecting data privacy becomes an essential requirement. Our threat analysis in such networks has revealed that PPDA (Privacy Preserving Data Aggregation), NIDA (Node ID Anonymity) and ENCD (Early Node Compromise Detection) are three essential properties for protecting data privacy. The scope of this thesis is on protecting data privacy in hierarchical WSNs byaddressing issues in relation to two of the three properties identified, i.e., NIDA and ENCD, effectively and efficiently. The effectiveness property is achieved by considering NIDA and ENCD in an integrated manner, and the efficiency property is achieved by using an adaptive approach to security provisioning. To this end, the thesis has made the following four novel contributions. Firstly, this thesis presents a comprehensive analysis of the threats to data privacy and literature review of the countermeasures proposed to address these threats. The analysis and literature review have led to the identification of two main areas for improvements: (1) to reduce the resources consumed as the result of protecting data privacy, and (2) to address the compatibility issue between NIDA and ENCD.Secondly, a novel Adaptive Pseudonym Length Estimation (AdaptPLE) method has been proposed. The method allows the determination of a minimum acceptable length of the pseudonyms used in NIDA based on a given set of security and application related requirements and constraints. In this way, we can balance the trade-off between an ID anonymity protection level and the costs (i.e., transmission and energy) incurred in achieving the protection level. To demonstrate its effectiveness, we have evaluated the method by applying it to two existing NIDA schemes, the Efficient Anonymous Communication (EAC) scheme and theCryptographic Anonymous Scheme (CAS).Thirdly, a novel Adaptive Early Node Compromise Detection (AdaptENCD) scheme for cluster-based WSNs has been proposed. This scheme allows early detections of compromised nodes more effectively and efficiently than existing proposals. This is achieved by adjusting, at run-time, the transmission rate of heartbeat messages, used to detect nodes' aliveness, in response to the average message loss ratio in a cluster. This adaptive approach allows us to significantly reduce detection errors while keeping the number of transmitted heartbeat messages as low as possible, thus reducing transmission costs. Fourthly, a novel Node ID Anonymity Preserving Scheme (ID-APS) for clusterbased WSNs has been proposed. ID-APS protects nodes ID anonymity while, at the same time, also allowing the global identification of nodes. This later property supports the identification and removal of compromised nodes in the network, which is a significant improvement over the state-of-the-art solution, the CAS scheme. ID-APS supports both NIDA and ENCD by making a hybrid use of dynamic and global identification pseudonyms. More importantly, ID-APS achieves these properties with less overhead costs than CAS. All proposed solutions have been analysed and evaluated comprehensively to prove their effectiveness and efficiency.
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Resul, Hulya. "Node replication detection in sensor networks." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3253.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Books on the topic "Sensory node"

1

Gardner, Julian W. Sensors and Sensory Systems for an Electronic Nose. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992.

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Gardner, Julian W., and Philip N. Bartlett, eds. Sensors and Sensory Systems for an Electronic Nose. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7985-8.

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Huang, Fan. Wu xian chuan gan qi wang luo ji shu ji ying yong yan jiu: WUXIAN CHUANGANQI WANGLUO JISHU JI YINGYONG YANJIU. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo shui li shui dian chu ban she, 2014.

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Yŏn'guwŏn, Han'guk Chŏnja T'ongsin. RFID/USN-yong sensŏ t'aegŭ mit sensŏ nodŭ kisul kaebal =: Development of sensor tag and sensor node technologies for RFID/USN. [Kyŏnggi-do Kwach'ŏn-si]: Chisik Kyŏngjebu, 2009.

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The electronic nose: Artificial olfaction technology. New Delhi: Springer, 2014.

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Matteo, Pardo, and Sberveglieri G. (Giorgio), eds. Olfaction and electronic nose: Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose, Brescia, Italy, 15-17 April 2009. Melville, N.Y: American Institute of Physics, 2009.

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Harpe, Pieter, Kofi A. A. Makinwa, and Andrea Baschirotto, eds. Hybrid ADCs, Smart Sensors for the IoT, and Sub-1V & Advanced Node Analog Circuit Design. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61285-0.

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Rogers, John A. A new optical `electronic nose' sensor using an array of polymer films and the resonant mirror. Manchester: UMIST, 1997.

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International, Symposium on Olfaction and the Electronic Nose (5th 1998 Baltimore Md ). Electronic noses & sensor array based systems: Design & applications : proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Olfaction and the Electronic Nose. Lancaster, PA: Technomic Pub. Co., 1999.

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Millefiorini, Andrea. Costruzione di senso e società: Note sul rapporto micro-macro e sul potere politico nei padri della sociologia. Milano, Italy: FrancoAngeli, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sensory node"

1

Pelosi, Paolo, and Krishna Persaud. "Gas Sensors: Towards an Artificial Nose." In Sensors and Sensory Systems for Advanced Robots, 361–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83410-3_17.

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Dodd, G. H., P. N. Bartlett, and J. W. Gardner. "Odours — The Stimulus for an Electronic Nose." In Sensors and Sensory Systems for an Electronic Nose, 1–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7985-8_1.

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Dibbern, U. "Miniaturisation of Gas Sensor Substrate. Problems and Benefits of Microelectronic Technology." In Sensors and Sensory Systems for an Electronic Nose, 147–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7985-8_10.

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Gardner, J. W., and P. N. Bartlett. "Pattern Recognition in Odour Sensing." In Sensors and Sensory Systems for an Electronic Nose, 161–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7985-8_11.

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Horner, G., and R. Muller. "Desired and Achieved Characteristics of Sensor Arrays." In Sensors and Sensory Systems for an Electronic Nose, 181–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7985-8_12.

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Cranny, A. W. J., and J. K. Atkinson. "The Use of Pattern Recognition Techniques applied to Signals Generated by a Multi-Element Gas Sensor Array as a Means of Compensating for Poor Individual Element Response." In Sensors and Sensory Systems for an Electronic Nose, 197–215. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7985-8_13.

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Moriizumi, T., T. Nakamoto, and Y. Sakuraba. "Pattern Recognition in Electronic Noses by Artificial Neural Network Models." In Sensors and Sensory Systems for an Electronic Nose, 217–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7985-8_14.

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Persaud, K. C., and P. Pelosi. "Sensor Arrays Using Conducting Polymers for an Artificial Nose." In Sensors and Sensory Systems for an Electronic Nose, 237–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7985-8_15.

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Ólafsson, R., E. Martinsdottir, G. Ólafsdottir, P. I. Sigfusson, and J. W. Gardner. "Monitoring of Fish Freshness Using Tin Oxide Sensors." In Sensors and Sensory Systems for an Electronic Nose, 257–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7985-8_16.

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Stetter, J. R. "Chemical Sensor Arrays: Practical Insights and Examples." In Sensors and Sensory Systems for an Electronic Nose, 273–301. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7985-8_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sensory node"

1

Zhaoyan Fan and R. Gao. "Architectural Design of a Sensory-Node-Controller for Sensor Network." In Proceedings of the IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imtc.2005.1604124.

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Lee, Jae-Yong, and Suhada Jayasuriya. "Multi-Layered Mobile Sensor Network With Robot Team." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81438.

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This paper presents a concept and its application of the dynamic multi-layered sensor network for gathering environment information. The architecture of the system is composed of sensor layer, physical layer, and communication layer. Sensor layer is the combination and the network of the sensor components in each sensor node. A sensor node has multiple numbers of sensors, and a number of robots for the mobile sensor network. Each mobile robot plays a role of mobile base for a sensor node, and consists of physical layer. We discuss the formation of the multi-layered sensor network, which is active, adaptive, and task oriented in the surrounding environment. As each sensor node consists of multiple numbers of heterogeneous sensors, sensor combination is not restricted to one particular objective or task. This fact allows the network to be multi-functional. Same kind of sensors can establish ad-hoc sensor network, while different kind of sensors fuse the data for improved interpretation of the environment. Experiments with mobile sensors nodes are conducted and illustrated to show the concept of the multi-layered mobile sensor network.
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Chou, Yu-Cheng. "Sensor Agent Cloud: A Cloud-Based Autonomic System for Physical Sensor Nodes Management." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48732.

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An embedded sensor network is a network of sensor nodes deployed in the physical world that interacts with the environment. Each sensor node is a physically small and relatively inexpensive computer that has one or more sensors. These sensor nodes are often networked, allowing them to communicate and cooperate with each other to monitor the environment. Typically, an embedded sensor network is controlled by its own applications that can access the sensor nodes within the network. On the other hand, the sensor nodes cannot be easily accessed by applications outside of the network. Moreover, even within the same network, different applications might encounter a race condition when they are trying to access a sensor node simultaneously. The issue is related to system management. However, not much research has been done with a focus on the management of sensor nodes. In the past few years, Cloud computing has emerged as a new computing paradigm to provide reliable resources, software, and data on demand. As for resources, essentially, Cloud computing services provide users with virtual servers. Users can utilize virtual servers without concerning about their locations and specifications. With such an inspiration, this paper proposes a system, Sensor Agent Cloud, where users can access the sensor nodes without worrying about their locations and detailed specifications. Sensor Agent Cloud virtualizes a physical sensor node as a virtual “sensor agent”. Users can use and control sensor agents with standard functions. Each sensor agent operates on behalf of its user. The mandatory coordination of these sensor agents is related to the system management. Therefore, Sensor Agent Cloud must be an autonomic system that manages itself with minimum human interference. In addition, Sensor Agent Cloud supports international standard technologies regarding programming and agent communication (C and IEEE FIPA standard). Thus, it is expected that the proposed Sensor Agent Cloud can enhance the applicability and usability of embedded sensor networks in many application areas.
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Bolte, Philipp, Ulf Witkowski, and Rolf Morgenstern. "Open Lorawan Sensor Node Architecture for Agriculture Applications." In 3rd International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2021). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.111505.

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In agriculture, it becomes more and more important to have detailed data, e.g. about weather and soil quality, not only in large scale classic crop farming applications but also for urban agriculture. This paper proposes a modular wireless sensor node that can be used in a centralized data acquisition scenario. A centralized approach, in this case multiple sensor nodes and a single gateway or a set of gateways, can be easily installed even without local infrastructure as mains supply. The sensor node integrates a LoRaWAN radio module that allows long-range wireless data transmission and low-power battery operation for several months at reasonable module costs. The developed wireless sensor node is an open system with focus on easy adaption to new sensors and applications. The proposed system is evaluated in terms of transmission range, battery runtime and sensor data accuracy.
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Blokhin, Y. I., A. V. Belov, S. Y. Blokhina, and A. V. Dvirnik. "WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK – NEW OPPORTUNETES FOR SOIL MOISTURE MONITORING." In INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itno.2020.161-165.

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Currently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are an actively developing area of scientific research. WSN can be used to monitor a variety of conditions, such as soil properties for agricultural applications. In particular, various underground sensors are used to monitor soil moisture. Existing underground sensing technology consists of buried sensors connected to the data logger for recording the sensor readings for subsequent information retrieval. The article introduces the concept of wireless underground sensor networks (WUSN), where the most of the sensor devices, including the means of transmitting and receiving signals, are deployed completely belowground. A prototype of the WUSN sensor node is presented, including a borehole moisture meter for real-time monitoring of soil moisture in an agricultural field. Communication between sensor nodes is carried out using the ZigBee protocol.
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Hasan, Mohammad H., Fadi Alsaleem, Amin Abbasalipour, Siavash Pourkamali Anaraki, Muhammad Emad-Un-Din, and Roozbeh Jafari. "Machine Learning Augmentation in Micro-Sensor Assemblies." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22665.

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Abstract The size and power limitations in small electronic systems such as wearable devices limit their potential. Significant energy is lost utilizing current computational schemes in processes such as analog-to-digital conversion and wireless communication for cloud computing. Edge computing, where information is processed near the data sources, was shown to significantly enhance the performance of computational systems and reduce their power consumption. In this work, we push computation directly into the sensory node by presenting the use of an array of electrostatic Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors to perform colocalized sensing-and-computing. The MEMS network is operated around the pull-in regime to access the instability jump and the hysteresis available in this regime. Within this regime, the MEMS network is capable of emulating the response of the continuous-time recurrent neural network (CTRNN) computational scheme. The network is shown to be successful at classifying a quasi-static input acceleration waveform into square or triangle signals in the absence of digital processors. Our results show that the MEMS may be a viable solution for edge computing implementation without the need for digital electronics or micro-processors. Moreover, our results can be used as a basis for the development of new types of specialized MEMS sensors (ex: gesture recognition sensors).
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Xue, Xin, Luis Gonzalez-Argueta, and V. Sundararajan. "Energy Scavenging for Wireless Sensor Networks." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35829.

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Conventional condition monitoring of electrical machinery is conducted by measuring signals such as currents and vibrations outside the motor. Wireless sensors now provide a means of accessing and measuring useful signals inside the motor where the phenomena responsible for failure occur. These sensors are capable of not merely sensing, but also processing, storage and eventually communication. Since all these activities require power that is supplied conventionally by batteries, the useful life of the sensor node is limited by the life of the battery. This paper describes the design of an energy scavenger capable of collecting energy from the fringing field in a three-phase induction motor. The field in the magnetic filed is converted to electrical energy for use in intelligent wireless sensor nodes. The alternating magnetic field in a three phase induction motor is first measured by the hall-effect sensors. A coil wound on a ferrite core harvests the leaked energy. The experimental results are compared to the theoretical calculations of induced voltage. The paper describes results from tests conducted with a prototype coil that is used to power wireless sensor nodes in a motor running at full speed.
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Inasaridze, Nino, and Vaidotas Vaišis. "FILLING LEVEL MEASUREMENTS OF MIXED WASTE BINS USING LOW POWER IOT SENSORS AND LORA WAN TECHNOLOGY." In 22-oji jaunųjų mokslininkų konferencijos „Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis“ teminė konferencija APLINKOS APSAUGOS INŽINERIJA. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aainz.2019.006.

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The article deals with sensor-related solutions to improve waste collection and monitoring in public waste bins. Availability of use of an inexpensive monitoring system for measurement process was tested. The system consists of wireless nodes that use ultrasonic sensors to measure the empty space in the waste bins. A sensor gateway based on Long Rage Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) protocol was used. Purpose of this work was to describe the new sensor node typology based on low-power and low-cost components. The article analyses the architecture of nodes in detail, focusing on energyefficient technologies and policies to extend battery life by reducing energy consumption through hardware and software optimization. Measurements were performed at five points in two size of containers with different two levels of filling and mixed type of waste. The results show that existing technologies are mature enough to create and deploy inexpensive additional sensors for outbound bins and that such a system can provide the necessary insights on how to optimize waste collection processes and avoid overflowing containers.
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Senel, Numan, Gordon Elger, and Andreas Festag. "Sensor Time Synchronization in Smart Road Infrastructure." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-acm-083.

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In smart cities, infrastructure-side sensors are already used to increase safety, to mitigate traffic congestion and to reduce pollution caused by vehicles. In the future, infrastructural safeguarding is expected to get a large potential due to availability of advanced infrastructure sensors (camera,radar,lidar) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. In principle, installations of infrastructure-side sensor systems can be divided into two main categories as temporary and permanent. Permanent systems are typically installed for highly used part of urban environments such as city centers, whereas temporary systems are setup for events in cities (concerts,sports games,etc.) with a temporally high density of traffic participants. For both categories different networking options (wired,wireless) as well as sensor data fusion methods (centralized, decentralized data fusion) are possible in order to meet requirements of the specific use case. In this paper, we consider two main architecture options: (1) wired networking with centralized data fusion (centralize architecture) and (2) wireless networking with decentralized data fusion (decentralized architecture). In the centralized network architecture, the we assume that raw data from multiple sensors will be transmitted to a central processor unit (master). In this architecture, a single node handles the data processing and the fusion process. In the decentralized network architecture, every sensor is equipped with a computing and a communication component. Sensors use a co-located processor unit (slave) to, preprocess data and to transmit these data to a master node. In both architecture options, the master node will be responsible for combining all inputs from multiple sensors to form a common estimate for future state. A centralized architecture requires high-bandwidth connectivity between the sensors and the master, whereas the preprocessing in the decentralized approach has lower demands on the networking bandwidth. Considering the two architectures the synchronization of the sensor time strongly impacts the state estimation. Sensor nodes need to synchronize their operation and collaborate to accomplish the sensing task. For example, in order to track a vehicle, sensors need to report the location and detection time of vehicle to master node. Then, the master node combines the information to estimate the location and velocity of the vehicle. Evidently, if the sensors do not have a common timescale, the state estimation will be inaccurate. Other aspect is how old the fused data (estimation) are before it delivered to road participants. When road participants receive a current estimation at the timestamp T2, these data represent state at time T1. The time difference between T1 and T2 depends on primarily on the network delay and process time of sensor data. For performance evaluation of the network options with respect to time synchronization the data processing will be separated as an additional source of delay. In this paper, we study the two architecture options for a smart road infrastructure. The study is based on prototype system using the Robot Operating System (ROS) and cameras, whereas also other sensors (radar,LiDAR) are considered. We specifically assess the impact of sensor time synchronization on the reliability of the sensor data fusion and evaluate the latency between the acquisition of sensor data and reception of the data by the road participants.
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Nunes, Flávio, and José Maia. "Continuous Monitoring in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Fuzzy-Probabilistic Approach." In Encontro Nacional de Inteligência Artificial e Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/eniac.2019.9275.

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This work presents and evaluates a fuzzy-probabilistic strategy to save energy in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The energy savings are obtained with the sensor nodes, no longer sensing and transmitting measurements. In this simple strategy, in each epoch each sensor node transmits its measurement with probability p, and does not transmit with probability (1 􀀀 p), does not correlate with that of any other sensor node. The task at the sink node, which is to estimate the sensor field at non-sensed points, is solved using fuzzy inference to impute the non-transmitted data followed by regression or interpolation of the sensed scalar field. In this, Nadaraya-Watson regression, regression with Fuzzy Inference and Radial Base Functions Interpolation are compared. The compromise curve between the value of p and the accuracy of the sensor field estimation measured by root mean square error (RMSE) is investigated. When compared to a published linear prediction strategy of the literature, the results show a small loss of performance versus the great simplification of the procedure in the sensor node, making it advantageous in applications that require extremely simple network nodes.
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Reports on the topic "Sensory node"

1

Agarwal, Vivek, and Yanliang Zhang. Integration of Thermoelectric Generator and Wireless Sensor Node Simulators. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1364497.

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Agarwal, Vivek, Shelton Jacinto, and Yanliang Zhang. Thermoelectric Generator Powered Wireless Sensor Node Prototype for Nuclear Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1467405.

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Nguyen, Tim, Hubert Ley, Richard Vilim, Yuxuan Liu, and Brendan Kochunas. Performance Results for Sensor Assignment Problem as Solved on a Multi-Node Cluster. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1820138.

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Vilim, Richard, Tim Nguyen, Haoyu Wang, and Roberto Ponciroli. Description of Sensor Assignment Optimization Method as Deployed on a Multi-Node Cluster. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1767168.

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Nooshabadi, Saeid. ADAPTable Sensor Systems Phase 2. Topic 2: Reusable Core Software. Distributed Synchronization Software for the Sensor Nodes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada619961.

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Agarwal, Vivek, Joseph Richardson, and Yanliang Zhang. Wireless Sensor Node Power Profiling Based on IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15.4 Communication Protocols. Modeling and Simulation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1245527.

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Matson, Edward F., Stephen Licht, and Eric A. Adams. Integration of UUV-Based Mobile Sensor Nodes With a Model-Assisted Wide Area Surveillance System for Persistent Maritime Scene Awareness in Support of the Maritime Security Laboratory (MSL). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada535726.

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Rouseff, Russell L., and Michael Naim. Characterization of Unidentified Potent Flavor Changes during Processing and Storage of Orange and Grapefruit Juices. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585191.bard.

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Citrus juice flavor quality traditionally diminishes after thermal processing and continuously during storage. Our prior studies found that four of the five most potent off-aromas formed during orange juice storage had not been identified. The primary emphasis of this project was to characterize and identify those potent flavor degrading aroma volatiles so that methods to control them could be developed and final flavor quality improved. Our original objectives included: 1 Isolate and characterize the most important unidentified aroma impact compounds formed or lost during pasteurization and storage. 2. Determination of thiamine and carotenoid thermal decomposition and Strecker degradation pathways in model solutions as possible precursors for the unidentified off-flavors. 3. Evaluate the effectiveness of an "electronic nose" to differentiate the headspace aromas of from untreated and heat pasteurized orange and grapefruit juices. 4. Use model systems of citrus juices to investigate the three possible precursor pathways (from 2) for flavor impact compounds formed or lost during pasteurization or storage. RESULTS - The components responsible for citrus storage off flavors and their putative precursors have now been identified. Certain carotenoids (b-carotene) can thermally degrade to produce b-ionone and b-damascenone which are floral and tobacco smelling respectively. Our GC-O and sensory experiments indicated that b-damascenone is a potential storage off-flavor in orange juice. Thiamine (Vitamin B1) degradation produces 2-methyl-3-furan thiol, MFT, and its dimer bis(2- methyl-3-furyl) disulfide which both produce meaty, savory aromas. GC-O and sensory studies indicated that MFT is another storage off-flavor. Methional (potato aroma) is another off flavor produced primarily from the reaction of the native amino acid, methionine, and oxidized ascorbic acid (vitamin C). This is a newly discovered pathway for the production of methional and is more dominant in juices than the classic Maillard reaction. These newly identified off flavors diminish the flavor quality of citrus juices as they distort the flavor balance and introduce non-typical aromas to the juice flavor profile. In addition, we have demonstrated that some of the poor flavor quality citrus juice found in the market place is not only from the production of these and other off flavors but also due to the absence of desirable flavor components including several potent aldehydes and a few esters. The absence of these compounds appears to be due to incomplete flavor volatile restoration after the making of juice concentrates. We are the first to demonstrate that not all flavor volatiles are removed along with water in the production of juice concentrate. In the case of grapefruit juice we have documented which flavor volatiles are completely removed, which are partially removed and which actually increase because of the thermal process. Since more that half of all citrus juices is made into concentrate, this information will allow producers to more accurately restore the original flavor components and produce a juice with a more natural flavor. IMPLICATIONS - We have shown that the aroma of citrus juices is controlled by only 1-2% of the total volatiles. The vast majority of other volatiles have little to no direct aroma activity. The critical volatiles have now been identified. The ability to produce high quality citrus juices requires that manufacturers know which chemical components control aroma and flavor. In addition to identifying the critical flavor components (both positive and negative), we have also identified several precursors. The behavior of these key aroma compounds and their precursors during common manufacturing and storage conditions has been documented so manufacturers in Israel and the US can alter production practices to minimize the negative ones and maximize the positive ones.
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