Journal articles on the topic 'Sensory impairment'
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Cai, Yurun, Yuri Agrawal, Jennifer Schrack, Alden Gross, Nicole Armstrong, Eleanor Simonsick, and Susan Resnick. "Sensory Impairment and Algorithmic Classification of Early Cognitive Impairment in Middle-Aged and Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 436–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1697.
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Abstract Sensory function has been linked to cognitive impairment and dementia, but the link between multiple sensory impairments and early cognitive impairment (ECI) is unclear. Sensory function (vision, hearing, vestibular, proprioception, and olfaction) was measured in 390 BLSA participants (age=75±8 years; 57% women; 69% white) from 2012 to 2018 over a mean 3.6 years. ECI was defined based on 1 standard deviation below age-and race-specific means in Card Rotations or California Verbal Learning Test immediate recall. Cox proportional hazard models examined the risk of ECI for each sensory impairment and across categories of impairments. Vision impairment (vs. no vision impairment) was associated with a 70% greater risk of ECI (HR=1.70, p=0.05). Participants with 1 or ≥2 sensory impairments had triple the risk of ECI (HR=3.74 and 3.44, p=0.008 and 0.02, respectively) compared to those without impairment. Future studies are needed to examine whether treatment for sensory impairments can modify these risks.
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Keating, Elizabeth, and R. Neill Hadder. "Sensory Impairment." Annual Review of Anthropology 39, no. 1 (October 21, 2010): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.012809.105026.
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Fuller-Thomson, Esme, Aliya Nowaczynski, and Andie MacNeil. "The Association Between Hearing Impairment, Vision Impairment, Dual Sensory Impairment, and Serious Cognitive Impairment: Findings from a Population-Based Study of 5.4 million Older Adults." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports 6, no. 1 (May 2, 2022): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/adr-220005.
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Background: Sensory impairments and cognitive impairment are increasing in scope due to the aging population. Objective: To investigate the association between hearing impairment, vision impairment, and dual sensory impairment with cognitive impairment among older adults. Methods: Secondary analysis of a combination of ten consecutive waves (2008–2017) of the nationally representative American Community Survey. The sample included 5.4 million community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults aged 65 and older. Bivariate and logistic regression models were conducted to examine the association hearing impairment, vision impairment, and dual sensory impairment with cognitive impairment. Results: After controlling for age, race, education, and income, older adults with only hearing impairment had more than double the odds of cognitive impairment (OR = 2.66, 95% CI = 2.64, 2.68), while older adults with only vision impairment had more than triple the odds of cognitive impairment (OR = 3.63; 95% CI = 3.59, 3.67). For older adults with dual sensory impairment, the odds of cognitive impairment were eight-fold (OR = 8.16; 95% CI = 8.07, 8.25). Similar trends were apparent in each sex and age cohort. Conclusion: Hearing and vision impairment are both independently associated with cognitive impairment. However, dual sensory impairment is associated with substantially higher odds of cognitive impairment, even after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Practitioners working with older adults may consider treatment for sensory impairments and cognitive impairment concurrently. Future research is needed to determine if the association is causal, and to investigate the effectiveness of common methods of treatment for sensory impairment for reducing the prevalence of cognitive impairment.
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Gopinath, Bamini, Gerald Liew, George Burlutsky, and Paul Mitchell. "Associations Between Vision, Hearing, and Olfactory Impairment With Handgrip Strength." Journal of Aging and Health 32, no. 7-8 (April 15, 2019): 654–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264319843724.
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Objectives: We aimed to assess the cross-sectional associations between sensory impairments (vision, hearing, and/or olfactory loss) and handgrip strength. Method: In the Blue Mountains Eye Study, 947 participants aged 65+ years had handgrip strength measured using a dynamometer. Visual impairment was defined as visual acuity <20/40 (better eye), and hearing impairment as average pure-tone air conduction threshold >25 dBHL (500-4,000 Hz). Olfaction was measured using the San Diego Odor Identification Test. Results: Marginally significant associations between sensory impairment and handgrip strength were observed after multivariable adjustment. For example, women with two or three sensory impairments had lower adjusted mean handgrip strength (17.47 ± 0.5 kg) versus women who had no sensory loss (18.59 ± 0.3 kg; p = .06) or only one sensory impairment (18.58 ± 0.3 kg; p = .05), respectively. No significant associations were observed in men. Discussion: Women who had multiple sensory impairments had reduced muscle strength as indicated by ~1.1 kg lower mean handgrip strength.
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Morales, Emmanuel Garcia, and Nicholas Reed. "Early Retirement and Sensory Impairments: The Modifying Effect of Total Assets." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1712.
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Abstract Sensory impairments are common among older adults. Little is known on the association between sensory impairments, which impact labor productivity, and the effect modification of wealth. We used the 2006-2018 rounds of the Health and Retirement Study. Hearing (HI) and vision (VI) impairments (self-report) at baseline, and working status throughout the study period was observed. Logistic regression models, adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and health characteristics, were used to characterize the association of sensory impairment and early retirement (i.e., before age 65). Secondary analysis stratified by assets. Among 1,688 adults ages 53-64, 1,350 had no impairment, 140 had HI only, 141 VI only, and 57 had dual sensory impairment (DSI). Only adults with HI had higher odds of early retirement (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.6; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.0,2.5) relative to those without sensory impairment. Among those with large assets, those with HI had higher odds (OR:2.6, 95% CI: 1.4,5.2) and those with VI had lower odds (OR. 0.37; 95% CI: 0.2,0.8) of early retirement. Among the low asset group, we found no differences across impairment groups for the odds of retirement. In sample of older adults, we provide evidence that the presence of hearing impairment is associated early retirement. Secondary analyses suggest wealth may modify this association which highlights the wealth disparities faced by people with sensory impairments.
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Deal, Jennifer, Pei-Lun Kuo, Alison Huang, Joshua Ehrlich, Judith Kasper, Nicholas Reed, Frank Lin, and Bonnielin Swenor. "Prevalence of Concurrent Functional Vision and Hearing Impairment and Its Association with Dementia." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1688.
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Abstract Vision and hearing impairment are common and independently linked to dementia risk. Adults with concurrent vision and hearing impairment (dual sensory impairment, DSI) may be particularly at-risk. Data were from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) (2011–2018, N=7,562). Functional sensory impairments were self-reported (no impairment, vision only, hearing only, and DSI). We calculated age-specific prevalence of sensory impairments. Discrete time proportional hazards model with a complementary log-log link were used to assess 7-year dementia risk. Of 7,562 participants, overall prevalence of functional vision, hearing and DSI was 5.4%, 18.9% and 3.1%, respectively. DSI prevalence increased with age, impacting 1 in 7 adults ≥90 years. DSI was associated with a 50% increased 7-year dementia risk (adjusted hazard ratio 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–2.02) compared to no impairment. Sensory rehabilitative interventions for multiple impairments may be an avenue for consideration in efforts to reduce dementia risk.
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Khurana, Maitri, Natalie Shoham, Claudia Cooper, and Alexandra Laura Pitman. "Association between sensory impairment and suicidal ideation and attempt: a cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative English household data." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (February 2021): e043179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043179.
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ObjectivesSensory impairments are associated with worse mental health and poorer quality of life, but few studies have investigated whether sensory impairment is associated with suicidal behaviour in a population sample. We investigated whether visual and hearing impairments were associated with suicidal ideation and attempt.DesignNational cross-sectional study.SettingHouseholds in England.ParticipantsWe analysed data for 7546 household residents in England, aged 16 and over from the 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey.ExposuresSensory impairment (either visual or hearing), Dual sensory impairment (visual and hearing), visual impairment, hearing impairment.Primary outcomeSuicidal ideation and suicide attempt in the past year.ResultsPeople with visual or hearing sensory impairments had twice the odds of past-year suicidal ideation (OR 2.06; 95% CI 1.17 to 2.73; p<0.001), and over three times the odds of reporting past-year suicide attempt (OR 3.12; 95% CI 1.57 to 6.20; p=0.001) compared with people without these impairments. Similar results were found for hearing and visual impairments separately and co-occurring.ConclusionsWe found evidence that individuals with sensory impairments are more likely to have thought about or attempted suicide in the past year than individuals without.
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Maharani, Asri, Piers Dawes, James Nazroo, Gindo Tampubolon, Neil Pendleton, Geir Bertelsen, Suzanne Cosh, et al. "Associations Between Self-Reported Sensory Impairment and Risk of Cognitive Decline and Impairment in the Health and Retirement Study Cohort." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 6 (April 12, 2019): 1230–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz043.
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Abstract Objectives We aimed to determine whether self-assessed single (hearing or visual) and dual sensory (hearing and visual) impairments are associated with cognitive decline and incident possible cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) and probable dementia. Method Data were drawn from the 1996–2014 surveys of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), involving 19,618 respondents who had no probable dementia and who were aged 50 years or older at the baseline. We used linear mixed models to test the association between self-assessed sensory impairment and cognitive decline followed by a Cox proportional hazard model to estimate the relative risk of incident possible CIND and probable dementia associated with the presence of sensory impairment. Results Respondents with self-assessed single and dual sensory impairment performed worse in cognitive tests than those without sensory impairment. The fully adjusted incidence of developing possible CIND was 17% higher for respondents with hearing impairment than those without hearing impairment. Respondents with visual impairment had 35% and 25% higher risk for developing possible CIND and probable dementia, respectively, than those without visual impairment. Respondents with dual sensory impairment at baseline were 38% and 26% more likely to develop possible CIND and probable dementia, respectively, than those with no sensory impairment. Discussion Self-assessed sensory impairment is independently associated with cognitive decline and incident possible CIND and probable dementia. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanism underlying this association and to determine whether treatment of sensory impairment could ameliorate cognitive decline and delay the onset of dementia among older adults.
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Zhou, Yifan, Jin Wei, Qinglei Sun, Haiyun Liu, Ye Liu, Jianfeng Luo, and Minwen Zhou. "Do Sensory Impairments Portend Cognitive Decline in Older Chinese Adults? Longitudinal Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey, 2011–2018." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020430.
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Previous studies on longitudinal sensory-cognition association are limited and have yielded inconsistent conclusions in western and developed countries. The present study obtained data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS, 2011–2018) and aimed to investigate the longitudinal effects of sensory impairments including single vision impairment (SVI), single hearing impairment (SHI), and dual sensory impairment (DSI) on cognitive decline in middle-aged and older Chinese population. In total, 11,122 participants accomplished all 4 interviews over 8 years and were included. Cognitive performances were assessed using Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and self-reported sensory status were accepted as well. Confounding variables included age, sex, educational level, marital status, medical, and lifestyle related information. The impact of sensory impairment on cognitive decline over time was assessed using linear mixed-effects models (LMM). After being adjusted for multiple confounders, SVI/SHI/DSI were all shown to be significantly associated with executive functions, episodic memory impairment, and global cognitive decline over 8 years (all p < 0.05). Such associations become less significant among female and relatively younger populations (45–59 years old). Single vision and hearing impairments, along with dual sensory impairment, are all independently associated with subsequent cognitive decline among middle-aged and older Chinese populations over 8 years of longitudinal observation.
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Deardorff, William, Phillip liu, Richard Sloane, Courtney Van Houtven, Susan N. Hastings, Harvey J. Cohen, and Heather E. Whitson. "ASSOCIATION OF SENSORY AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT WITH HEALTHCARE UTILIZATION AND COST IN MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.170.
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Abstract The combination of sensory and cognitive impairment is increasingly prevalent among older adults and may be an important driver of healthcare cost due to functional disability and reduced self-care. This presentation focuses on the relationship between hearing and/or vision impairment and cognitive impairment with hospital admissions and healthcare cost using data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling adults. We show that the presence of sensory impairment is associated with increased risk of hospitalization regardless of dementia status. In adjusted models, annual total healthcare costs were generally higher among those with sensory impairments compared to those without sensory impairments. We will also discuss work related to the development of a prognostic model that provides estimates of hospitalization risk among older adults with self-reported hearing and/or vision impairment. This model may help inform allocation of health care resources to those at highest risk for adverse outcomes.
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Richardson, Stephanie, Corinna Tanner, and Jeremy Yorgason. "Sensory Impairment and Social Isolation: Implications for the Hispanic Population." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2096.
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Abstract Although the likelihood of developing a disability increases with age among all demographics, older adults of hispanic origin are more likely to experience vision and hearing impairment than both their white and black non-hispanic counterparts. Both hearing impairment and vision impairment are known risk factors for social isolation, yet little research has examined this association in Hispanic populations. Using data from 472 Hispanic and 5,186 White participants of the NHATS study, we examined 8-year trajectories of social isolation, along with how sensory impairment was associated with initial levels and change over time. Findings suggest that sensory impairments are linked with steeper increases over time among White participants. Among Hispanics vision and hearing impairments were linked with higher initial levels of social isolation, yet no associations were found across time. It may be that Hispanic older adults maintain social connections across time despite potentially isolating sensory impairments.
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Smith, Annetta, Ashley Shepherd, Ruth Jepson, and Seonaid Mackay. "The impact of a support centre for people with sensory impairment living in rural Scotland." Primary Health Care Research & Development 17, no. 02 (April 17, 2015): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463423615000225.
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AimThe overall aim of this study was to evaluate whether attendance at a Sensory Support Centre for people with a sensory impairment living in the Western Isles of Scotland had an impact on their lives.BackgroundDemographic forecasts show that the prevalence of sensory impairment in the population will increase, as a significant proportion of sensory loss is age related. People with sensory impairments are more likely to experience social exclusion, and are more at risk of injury and physical and mental illness. Therefore, strategies to improve service access and provision for people with sensory impairments are important to reduce the disability associated with sight and/or hearing loss.MethodsAll clients who accessed the service during a six-month period were invited to complete a postal questionnaire about their service experience. Semi-structured individual interviews with clients (n=12) described their experience of living with a sensory impairment and the impact (if any) that access to the Sensory Centre had on their lives. Individual interviews were also conducted with healthcare and social-care professionals (n=7) to ascertain their level of service awareness.FindingsClients who experienced sensory impairment described how the impairment negatively impacted on their activities of living, safety and independence. Following Sensory Centre assessment and support, some clients were able to identify ways in which interventions had reduced their sense of social isolation, impacted positively on self-confidence and sense of self-esteem and safety. Importantly, interventions had supported greater functional independence in their own homes.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that access to sensory services are important to people with sensory impairments living in remote areas, and should be considered when planning healthcare services, as they are one way of ameliorating health inequalities in this population group.
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Tkacheva, O. N., N. K. Runikhina, Yu V. Kotovskaya, N. V. Sharashkina, and E. I. Lesina. "Nursing protocol: management of older adults with sensory deficits." Russian Journal of Geriatric Medicine, no. 1 (April 19, 2021): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37586/2686-8636-1-2021-116-118.
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The prevalence of sensory deficits in older patients is high and is associated with falls, cognitive impairment, depression, functional impairment, disability, and mortality. Regularly assessing sensory systems and organizing adequate care measures is an essential task of nursing elderly patients. Nurses who are most in contact with patients can play a leading role in screening for sensory impairments and ensuring timely corrections.
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Huang, Alison, George Rebok, Nicholas Reed, Jonathan Suen, Bonnielin Swenor, Thomas Cudjoe, and Jennifer Deal. "FUNCTIONAL HEARING AND VISION IMPAIRMENT AND SOCIAL ISOLATION OVER 8 YEARS IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.538.
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Abstract One in four older adults experience social isolation. Sensory impairment is a potentially modifiable risk factor for social isolation. Little is known about the long-term impact of sensory impairment on social well-being. This study quantifies the longitudinal associations between hearing, vision, and concurrent hearing and vision impairment (dual sensory impairment) and social isolation over 8 years among older adults. Data were from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally representative longitudinal study (2011- 2019) of U.S. Medicare beneficiaries. Social isolation was measured by a composite that incorporated four domains: living arrangement, core discussion network size, religious services attendance, and social participation. Baseline hearing and vision were measured by self-report. Associations between sensory impairments and odds of overall social isolation over 8 years were assessed using multivariate generalized logistic mixed models adjusted for demographic and health characteristics. Among 5,552 participants, 18.9% reported hearing impairment, 4.8% reported vision impairment, and 2.3% reported dual sensory impairment. Over 8 years, hearing impairment was associated with 28% greater odds of social isolation. Specifically, participants with hearing impairment were more likely to live alone and limit engagement in social activities. A similar pattern of association was observed for dual sensory impairment; however, estimates did not reach statistical significance. No association was observed between vision impairment and social isolation. Older adults with hearing impairment may be a clinically important subgroup to monitor for social isolation. Interventions for increasing social support and social participation may be especially valuable for older adults with hearing impairment.
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Papsin, Blake, and Sharon Cushing. "Cochlear Implants and Children with Vestibular Impairments." Seminars in Hearing 39, no. 03 (July 20, 2018): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1666820.
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AbstractSensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children occurs in 1 to 3% of live births and acquired hearing loss can additionally occur. This sensory deficit has far reaching consequences that have been shown to extend beyond speech and language development. Thankfully there are many therapeutic options that exist for these children with the aim of decreasing the morbidity of their hearing impairment. Of late, focus has shifted beyond speech and language outcomes to the overall performance of children with SNHL in real-world environments. To account for their residual deficits in such environments, clinicians must understand the extent of their sensory impairments. SNHL commonly coexists with other sensory deficits such as vestibular loss. Vestibular impairment is exceedingly common in children with SNHL with nearly half of children exhibiting vestibular end-organ dysfunction. These deficits naturally lead to impairments in balance and delay in motor milestones. However, this additional sensory deficit likely leads to further impairment in the performance of these children. This article focuses on the following:1. Defining the coexistence of vestibular impairment in children with SNHL and cochlear implants.2. Describing screening methods aimed at identifying vestibular dysfunction in children with SNHL.3. Understanding the functional implications of this dual-sensory impairment.4. Exploring possible rehabilitative strategies to minimize the impact of vestibular impairment in children with SNHL
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Fischer, Mary E., Karen J. Cruickshanks, Carla R. Schubert, Alex A. Pinto, Cynthia M. Carlsson, Barbara E. K. Klein, Ronald Klein, and Ted S. Tweed. "Age-Related Sensory Impairments and Risk of Cognitive Impairment." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 64, no. 10 (September 9, 2016): 1981–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.14308.
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Dullard, Brittney, and Gabrielle H. Saunders. "Documentation of Dual Sensory Impairment in Electronic Medical Records." Gerontologist 56, no. 2 (May 20, 2014): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu032.
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Abstract Purpose of the Study: To examine the documentation of sensory impairment in the electronic medical records (EMRs) of Veterans with both hearing and vision losses (dual sensory impairment [DSI]). Design and Methods: A retrospective chart review of the EMRs of 20 patients with DSI was conducted. Providers’ documentation of the presence of sensory impairment, the use of assistive technology during clinical appointments, and the content of notes mentioning communication issues were extracted from each chart note in the EMR for the prior 6 years. Results: Primary care providers documented DSI in 50% of EMRs, vision loss alone in 40%, and hearing loss alone in 10% of EMRs. Audiologists documented vision loss in 50% of cases, whereas ophthalmologists/optometrists documented hearing loss in 15% of cases. Examination of two selected cases illustrates that care can be compromised when providers do not take note of sensory impairments during planning and provision of clinical care. Implications: Sensory impairment is poorly documented by most providers in EMRs. This is alarming because vision and hearing affect patient–physician communication and the use of medical interventions. The results of this study raise awareness about the need to document the presence of sensory impairments and use the information when planning treatment for individuals with DSI.
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Byeon, Gihwan, Gyu Han Oh, Jin Hyeong Jhoo, Jae-Won Jang, Jong Bin Bae, Ji Won Han, Tae Hui Kim, et al. "Dual Sensory Impairment and Cognitive Impairment in the Korean Longitudinal Elderly Cohort." Neurology 96, no. 18 (April 7, 2021): e2284-e2295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000011845.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of single sensory impairment (SSI; visual or auditory) or dual sensory impairment (DSI; visual and auditory) on dementia and longitudinal changes of neuropsychological test scores.MethodsIn this nationwide, prospective, community-based elderly cohort study, KLOSCAD (the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia), 6,520 elderly individuals (58–101 years) representing the general population were included. We defined visual and auditory sensory impairment via self-report questionnaire: 932 had normal sensory function, 2,957 had an SSI, and 2,631 had a DSI. Demographic and clinical variables including cognitive outcomes were evaluated every 2 years over 6 years. Through logistic regression, Cox regression, and linear mixed model analysis, the relationship between SSI or DSI and dementia prevalence, dementia incidence, and change in neuropsychological scores were evaluated.ResultsAt baseline, DSI was significantly associated with increased dementia prevalence compared to normal sensory function (odds ratio [OR] 2.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17–4.02), but SSI was not (OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.66–2.41). During the 6-year follow-up, the incidence of dementia was significantly higher in the DSI group than in the normal sensory function group (hazard ratio 1.9, 95% CI 1.04–3.46) and neuropsychological scores significantly decreased (β −0.87, 95% CI [−1.17 to −0.58]).ConclusionsOur results suggest that coexisting visual and hearing impairments facilitate dementia prevalence, dementia incidence, and cognitive decline, but visual or hearing impairment alone do not. Visual and hearing impairment may lead to dementia or cognitive decline independent of Alzheimer pathology.
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Yorgason, Jeremy, Corinna Trujillo Tanner, Stephanie Richardson, Allison Burch, Brian Stagg, and Melanie Hill. "Social Isolation as a Mechanism Linking Sensory Impairment With Cognitive Functioning." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2095.
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Abstract Hearing and vision loss have been linked with cognitive decline in older adults. There may be various pathways through which sensory impairments impact cognitive functioning. Sensory impairments may lead individuals to be less socially connected, which may impact cognitive functioning due to less cognitive stimulation. As such, sensory impairments and social isolation may cascade to negatively impact cognitive functioning. Using data from 8,334 individuals aged 65-90+ in waves 6, 7, and 8 of the NHATS study, we estimated a longitudinal mediation structural equation model. Findings indicate that both self-reported vision and hearing impairment in wave 6 of NHATS were linked to concurrent cognitive functioning through social isolation. Only hearing impairment demonstrated longitudinal impact through social isolation across 2 and 3 waves. Findings suggest that medical professionals working with older adults with vision or hearing impairment should assess social isolation, as a point of intervention to maintain cognitive function.
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Simning, Adam, Meghan L. Fox, Steven L. Barnett, Silvia Sorensen, and Yeates Conwell. "Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Older Adults With Auditory, Vision, and Dual Sensory Impairment." Journal of Aging and Health 31, no. 8 (June 13, 2018): 1353–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264318781123.
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Objective: The objective of the study is to examine the association of auditory, vision, and dual sensory impairment with late-life depressive and anxiety symptoms. Method: Our study included 7,507 older adults from the National Health & Aging Trends Study, a nationally representative sample of U.S. Medicare beneficiaries. Auditory and vision impairment were determined by self-report, and depressive and anxiety symptoms were evaluated by the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) and two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-2), respectively. Results: Auditory, vision, and dual impairment were associated with an increased risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms in multivariable analyses accounting for sociodemographics, medical comorbidity, and functional impairment. Auditory, vision, and dual impairment were also associated with an increased risk for depressive and anxiety symptoms that persist or were of new onset after 1 year. Discussion: Screening older adults with sensory impairments for depression and anxiety, and screening those with late-life depression and anxiety for sensory impairments, may identify treatment opportunities to optimize health and well-being.
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Karvonen-Gutierrez, Carrie, Michelle Hood, Joshua Ehrlich, Richard Neitzel, and Kelly Ylitalo. "Sensory Impairment is Associated With Recurrent Falls: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2901.
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Abstract This study evaluated the relationship between individual and combined sensory impairments (vision, hearing, peripheral nerve (PN)) with recurrent falls in the past year among 1951 women (mean age 65.6 years) from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation. Sensory impairments were defined as self-reported vision difficulty, hearing loss, or ≥4 on the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument. Recurrent falls were defined as ≥2 self-reported falls. Hearing was the most commonly reported impairment (39.2%), followed by vision (22.1%) and PN (16.0%). Among those with any impairments, 7.0% of women reported impairments in all domains. Recurrent falls were more common among women with vision (19.4%), hearing (17.3%), or PN impairments (24.7%) as compared to women without sensory impairments (7.0%). The greatest burden of recurrent falls was among women with all three sensory impairments; one-third (34.6%) of women with vision, hearing and PN impairment were recurrent fallers. In an adjusted logistic regression model, vision, hearing, and PN impairments were associated with statistically significantly higher odds of recurrent falls in the past year (odds ratio (OR) = 1.58, 1.76, 2.11, respectively; all p<0.01), after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, economic strain, and depressive symptoms. The presence of all three sensory impairments was associated with nearly 6-fold increased odds of recurrent falls (OR=5.65, 95% CI 3.25, 9.82) compared to women with no impairments. Sensory impairments often onset during mid-life and early late adulthood. This work demonstrates that these impairments are associated with falls and that women with impairments across multiple sensory domains are at greatest risk.
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Armstrong, Nicole, Yurun Cai, Hang Wang, Jennifer Schrack, Yuri Agrawal, Eleanor Simonsick, and Susan Resnick. "Sensory Impairment and Beta-Amyloid Deposition in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1698.
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Abstract Studies have demonstrated a link between sensory impairment and dementia risk, but little is known about the presence of beta-amyloid plaques in individuals with single and multisensory impairments. Sensory function (combinations of vision, hearing, vestibular function, and proprioception) and amyloid PET imaging were measured in 170 BLSA participants (age=78± 9 years; 53% women; 77% white; 28% amyloid positive) from 2012 to 2019. Log-binomial regression models were used to examine the prevalence ratios (PR) of amyloid positivity for individual sensory impairments and across categories of impairments. While crude associations indicate associations of vision impairment (PR=1.72, p=0.04) and impairments in all four senses (PR=2.38, p=0.03) with amyloid positivity, these associations were insignificant after adjusting for age, sex, race, and education. There were no other crude and adjusted associations. These results suggest sensory impairments may be related to dementia independent of AD pathology. Future studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.
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Shakarchi, Ahmed, Varshini Varadaraj, Lama Assi, Nicholas Reed, and Bonnielin Swenor. "The Association of Vision, Hearing, and Dual Sensory Impairments With Walking Speed and Incident Slow Walking." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.698.
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Abstract Vision (VI), hearing (HI) and dual sensory (DSI, concurrent VI and HI) impairments are increasing in prevalence as populations age. Walking speed is an established health indicator associated with adverse outcomes, including mortality. Using the population-based Health and Retirement Study, we analyzed the longitudinal relationship between sensory impairment and walking speed. In multivariable mixed-effects linear models, we found differences in baseline walking speed (m/s) by sensory impairment: Beta=-0.05 (95%CI=-0.07, -0.04), Beta=-0.02 (95%CI=--0.03, -0.003), and Beta=-0.07 (95%CI=--0.08, -0.05) for VI, HI and DSI, respectively, as compared to those without sensory impairment. However, similar annual declines (0.014 m/s) in walking speeds occurred in all groups. In time-to-event analyses, events were defined as “slow walking” (speed <0.60m/s) and “very slow walking” (<0.40m/s). Incident “slow walking” was 43% (95%CI=25%, 65%), 29% (95%CI=13%, 48%) and 35% (95%CI=13%, 61%) greater in VI, HI and DSI, respectively, than the no sensory impairment group, while incident “very slow walking” was 21% (95%CI=-4%, 54%), 30% (95%CI=3%, 63%) and 89% (95%CI=47%, 143%) greater; the increase was significantly greater in DSI than VI and HI. These results suggest that older adults with vision and hearing impairments walk slower and are at increased risk of slow walking than older adults without these sensory impairments. Additionally, older adults with DSI are at greatest risk of very slow walking.
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Odinokova, Natalya Aleksandrovna, Victoria Eduardovna Gamanovich, and Olga Vyacheslavovna Dalivelya. "Organization of Extracurricular Activities of Primary School Children with Sensory Disabilities in an Inclusive Educational Environment." Siberian Pedagogical Journal, no. 3 (July 7, 2021): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15293/1813-4718.2103.08.
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The article presents the author’s view of the organization extracurricular activities of primary school age children with sensory impairment based on a humanistic approach, focused on the personality of students with special educational needs, taking them into account individual characteristics, abilities and interests. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence, evolution of formation and meaning in educational space of the school of extracurricular activities, emphasizing attention to the peculiarities of its organization with children of primary school age with sensory impairment. Methodology. The methodological basis is made up of research domestic and foreign authors, the experience of practicing teachers, testifying to the relevance of theoretical and practical software implementation of extracurricular activities with children with sensory impairment. Results. Based on the analysis of regulatory documents, scientific research, literature and teaching materials the concept of “extracurricular activities” was identified and substantiated, issues of structure, content, requirements for the conditions of its conduct on an example of organizing an excursion with children with visual impairments. In detention, conclusions are drawn about the features of the organization of extracurricular activities of primary school children with sensory impairments. In the future, it is envisaged to conduct a practical diagnostic research and analysis of the results obtained, which will reveal efficiency and prioritization of extracurricular activities, organized with children of primary school age with sensory impairment.
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Liljas, Ann E. M., Kate Walters, Cesar de Oliveira, S. Goya Wannamethee, Sheena E. Ramsay, and Livia A. Carvalho. "Self-Reported Sensory Impairments and Changes in Cognitive Performance: A Longitudinal 6-Year Follow-Up Study of English Community-Dwelling Adults Aged ⩾50 Years." Journal of Aging and Health 32, no. 5-6 (December 6, 2018): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264318815391.
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Objective: To investigate the influence of single and dual sensory impairments prospectively on cognition in adults aged ⩾50 years. Method: Community-dwelling English adults ( n = 4,621) were followed up from 2008 to 2014. Self-reported hearing and vision were collected in 2008. Change in cognitive performance on working memory and executive function between 2008 and 2014 was evaluated. Results: Compared with good hearing and good vision, respectively, poor hearing and poor vision were associated with worse cognitive function (hearing: unstandardized coefficient B = 0.83, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = [0.29, 1.37]; vision: B = 1.61, 95% CI = [0.92, 2.29] adjusted for age, sex, baseline cognition). Compared with no sensory impairment, dual sensory impairment was associated with worse cognition ( B = 2.30, 95% CI = [1.21, 3.39] adjusted for age, sex, baseline cognition). All associations remained after further adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, chronic conditions, falls, mobility, depression, and lack of companionship. Discussion: The findings are important as age-related sensory impairments are often preventable or modifiable, which may prevent or delay cognitive impairment.
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Mueller, Kathryn. "Impairment Tutorial: Rating Peripheral Nerve Disorders of the Upper Extremity." Guides Newsletter 1, no. 1 (September 1, 1996): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.1996.sepoct02.
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Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, (AMA Guides) Fourth Edition, states that peripheral nerve impairments are determined by determining the percentage of the patient's motor and sensory loss. This article discusses the six steps necessary to rate a peripheral nerve impairment of the upper extremity: First, identify the nerve or nerves affected using relevant tables and figures. Second, locate the table that lists the nerve identified, and record the maximum loss attributed to that nerve for motor and sensory function. A table lists peripheral nerve charts in the AMA Guides, including nerves rated, table and page numbers, and type of rating (upper or lower extremity, foot, and so on). Third, grade the motor deficit of the nerve, and, using the appropriate table, find the percentage range and choose a number within the range that is appropriate for the patient; multiply the graded percentage by the total motor impairment found in step two. Fourth, determine the total deficit for the nerve by combining the motor and sensory deficits using the Combined Values Chart. Fifth, combine the total nerve deficit with other appropriate impairments. A table instructs raters how to convert to a whole person impairment. Sixth, grade the sensory deficit of the nerve. An example illustrates application of the six steps.
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Wanigatunga, Amal, Chenxin Tian, Yang An, Yurun Cai, Alden Gross, Eleanor Simonsick, Jennifer Schrack, and Yuri Agrawal. "MULTISENSORY IMPAIRMENTS AND BRAIN VOLUMES IN MID-TO-LATE LIFE." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2531.
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Abstract Age-related sensory impairment, such as loss in vision or hearing, have been linked to poor brain health. Yet, the relationship between co-occurring sensory impairments and brain volumes remains unclear. We used cross-sectional sensory and brain imaging data from 208 cognitively normal participants of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (mean age 72 years; 59% women). Sensory impairments were separately identified with vision, hearing, smell, proprioception, and vestibular function testing. Brain imaging volumes were derived using an automated multi-atlas approach. Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate brain volumetric differences by number of sensory impairments (0-5) or by multisensory impairment status (MSI; ≥2 impairments). For every one additional sensory impairment, there was lower volume in the orbitofrontal gyrus (beta=0.35 cc [SE=0.17], p=0.04) but higher volumes in the caudate (0.14 cc [0.05], p=0.006) and putamen (0.13 cc [0.06], p=0.043). Participants with MSI (versus no MSI) had lower volumes in superior frontal gyrus (-1.01 cc [=0.34], p=0.003), lower orbitofrontal gyrus (-0.91 cc [0.38], p=0.018), superior parietal lobe (0.68 cc [0.27], p=0.011), and precuneus (-0.74 cc [0.35], p=0.038), but similar volumes in the caudate (p=0.12) and putamen (p=0.14). A negative relationship between MSI and brain volume across multiple regions was largely observed yet our exploratory findings raise the possibility that MSI is associated with compensatory maintenance of brain volume structures in the basal ganglia. Future directions include replication of these findings in other studies and longitudinal analyses to determine how MSI relates to brain atrophy.
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Takeda, Katsuhiko. "Rehabilitation Medicine for Sensory Impairment." Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 58, no. 12 (December 18, 2021): 1399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.2490/jjrmc.58.1399.
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Wallhagen, Margaret I., Elaine Pettengill, and Meredith Whiteside. "SENSORY IMPAIRMENT IN OLDER ADULTS." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 106, no. 10 (October 2006): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200610000-00030.
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&NA;. "Sensory Impairment in Older Adults." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 106, no. 10 (October 2006): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200610000-00031.
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Whiteside, Meredith M., Margaret I. Wallhagen, and Elaine Pettengill. "Sensory Impairment in Older Adults." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 106, no. 11 (November 2006): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200611000-00019.
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&NA;. "Sensory Impairment in Older Adults." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 106, no. 11 (November 2006): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200611000-00020.
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Griffiths, Janet. "Effective communication and sensory impairment." Dental Nursing 4, no. 10 (October 2008): 560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denn.2008.4.10.31200.
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du Feu, Margaret, and Kenneth Fergusson. "Sensory impairment and mental health." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 9, no. 2 (March 2003): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.9.2.95.
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Sensory impairment is often regarded from a medical/disability point of view and its effects on mental health can be poorly recognised. Communication is a key issue for deaf and deaf–blind people and difficulties here underlie developmental, psychological and emotional problems and delay or prevent appropriate assessment and treatment. Children may have additional problems associated with the cause of their sensory impairment and need early multi-disciplinary intervention. Emotional and practical support is needed for families to make fully informed choices. Those with and without sensory impairment need the same access to mental health services and this is particularly difficult to achieve for deaf and deaf–blind people. Local and specialist teams need to work together to implement the National Service Framework for this vulnerable patient group.
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Kiani, Reza, and Helen Miller. "Sensory impairment and intellectual disability." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 16, no. 3 (May 2010): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.108.005736.
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SummarySensory (visual and hearing) impairment has significant detrimental impact on sociocognitive and language development. Despite this, it is very much underrecognised and underdiagnosed in people with intellectual disability. Raising awareness of sensory impairment among professionals and carers is extremely important for early management to prevent further social handicap in people with intellectual disability. This article reviews sensory impairment in intellectual disability and its association with autism-spectrum disorder and mental illness.
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Ehrlich, Joshua. "The Study of Sensory Aging in Existing Cohorts of Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2946.
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Abstract Sensory impairments in later life are associated with numerous adverse health outcomes, including falls, depression, cognitive decline and dementia, and loss of independence. While population-based cohort studies offer a wealth of data for studying health and aging, these studies have not been widely leveraged to investigate the epidemiology of sensory impairment and the effect of sensory impairments on health outcomes and well-being in older adults. This symposium will provide attendees with examples from presenters’ own research using sensory function data from large-scale and population-based cohort studies. Presentations will also describe available sensory data and opportunities to improve measures of sensory function in cohort studies. Finally, presenters will focus on methodological considerations when studying the effect of sensory impairment on health outcomes, trends, and trajectories in older adults using data from cohort studies. The symposium will include presentations on vision, hearing, olfaction, and nesting of a randomized controlled trial within an existing cohort study. Participants will gain a clear understanding of the importance of measuring sensory function; methods for integrating sensory measures into existing cohorts; and the original results of analyses that have used sensory data from existing cohorts to study health and well-being in older adults. Sensory Health Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.
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Merten, Natascha, Amy Schultz, Matthew Walsh, Suzanne van Landingham, Paul Peppard, Carol Ryff, and Kristen Malecki. "Mental Health and Well-Being Among Individuals With a Sensory Loss During COVID-19 Lockdown Measures." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 407–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1580.
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Abstract Hearing and vision impairment are highly prevalent chronic conditions and are associated with poorer mental health and well-being. Mental health problems may be exacerbated by COVID-19-related lockdown measures and limitations of in-person contacts may affect those with sensory impairments more severely. We aimed to determine whether hearing and/or visual impairment were associated with worse mental health and psychological well-being during lockdown measures in Spring/Summer 2020 in Wisconsin. We included 1341 (64% women, aged 20-92 years) Survey of the Health of Wisconsin participants of a COVID-19 survey (May-June, 2020). We assessed self-reported current mental health and psychological well-being and vision and hearing impairment. Logistic regression models with vision and hearing impairments as determinants and multiple mental health and well-being outcomes were used and adjusted for age, gender, race, education, heart disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. In preliminary analyses, we found associations of vision impairment with increased odds of generalized anxiety disorder (odds ratio=2.10; 95% confidence interval=1.32-3.29) and depression (2.57; 1.58-4.11). Individuals with a vision impairment were more likely to be taking medication for depression (1.75; 1.13-2.68), report being lonely (1.65; 1.00-2.64) and report hopelessness (1.45; 1.01-2.08). Individuals with a hearing impairment were more likely to be taking depression medications (1.72; 1.07-2.73) and to report being lonely (1.80; 1.05-2.98). Sensory impairment was not associated with stress levels or sense of purpose in life. Individuals with sensory impairment may represent a particularly vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research should determine underlying reasons and interventions to mitigate this populations’ disadvantages.
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Swenor, Bonnielin, Bonnielin Swenor, Yasmeen Alshabasy, Emily Pedersen, Jennifer Deal, Amber Willink, and Nicholas Reed. "IMPACT OF DUAL SENSORY IMPAIRMENT ON HEALTH CARE INTERACTION." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.169.
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Abstract Using data from 46,029,364 Medicare beneficiaries included in the 2015 Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS), we examined the relationship between dual sensory impairment (DSI) – concurrent vision impairment (VI) and hearing impairment (HI) – and accompaniment to physician visits. Analyses examined reasons for accompaniment and self-reported sensory impairment was categorized as: no sensory impairment (89%), hearing impairment (HI) only (5%), vision impairment only (4%), and DSI (1%). There was no difference in odds of accompaniment among HI compared to those without sensory impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.84,1.29); however, VI and DSI were associated with accompaniment: (OR=2.14; [CI]:1.6,2.8 and [OR]= 2.70; [CI]:1.55,4.72, respectively). Our study further demonstrates that older adults with sensory impairment are accompanied to physician visits more often than those without sensory impairment, and transportation is the most frequently reported reason for accompaniment among adults with VI and communication for those with HI.
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Oh, Esther, Julie Yi, Corrine Pittman, Carrie Price, and Carrie Nieman. "Considering the Technological and Sensory Needs of Patients With Cognitive Impairment in the Era of Telehealth." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.326.
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Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth has become an important means of delivering memory care. Telehealth that is responsive to the technological abilities and preferences as well as the sensory needs of persons living with dementia is critical to advancing access to care. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the use of telehealth among older adults with cognitive impairment. The search yielded 3,551 titles and abstracts that led to 17 full-text articles. Studies showed that telehealth can be used for routine care, cognitive assessment and telerehabilitation with good efficacy and satisfaction. Three studies investigated telemedicine delivery in the home and 16/17 studies relied on support staff and care partners to navigate technology. No studies reported adaptations to account for sensory impairments and 5/17 studies excluded individuals with sensory impairments. This talk will review barriers and facilitators totelehealth for older adults with cognitive impairment and adaptations to address sensory needs.
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Salkic, Naim, Zulfo Ahmetovic, Safet Velic, and Nedžad Prazina. "Sensory integration of the tactile sensory system of children with developmental disabilities." Technium Social Sciences Journal 29 (March 9, 2022): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v29i1.6100.
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Sensory integration is the organization of the senses for their use. It is a neuro-biological activity that allows the reception and processing of sensory information, which in large quantities from the senses come to the brain, at all times. The aim of the study is to examine the prevalence of sensory integration difficulties of the tactile sensory system of children with developmental disabilities, and to establish the statistical significance of differences in relation to the type of difficulty. The total sample of respondents (N=60) consisted of four subsamples of 15 respondents, namely; children with autism, children with Down syndrome, children with hearing impairment and children with sight impairment. The Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon W test at the level of statistical significance of p<0.05 were used to test the statistical significance of the differences between the subsamples of the subjects. The results of the study show that 86.67% of children with autism, 66.67% of children with Down syndrome, 20% of children with hearing impairment and 40% of children with sight impairment have difficulties with sensory integration of the tactile system. Children with hearing impairment (Rank M 43.97), children with sight impairment (Rank M 35.03), children with Down syndrome, and children with autism (Rank M 14.93) show the least difficulty in sensory integration of the tactile sensory system. There is a statistically significant difference in the difficulties of sensory integration of the tactile sensory system between children with autism, children with Down syndrome, children with hearing impairment and children with sight impairment at the level of statistical significance of p<0.05.
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Martin, John H., Beverly Diamond, Jonathan E. Aviv, Ralph L. Sacco, Monte S. Keen, and Dario Zagar Andrew Blitzer. "Supraglottic and Pharyngeal Sensory Abnormalities in Stroke Patients with Dysphagia." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 105, no. 2 (February 1996): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949610500202.
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Dysphagia and aspiration are two devastating sequelae of stroke, accounting for nearly 40,000 deaths from aspiration pneumonia each year in the United States. While motor deficits in the larynx and pharynx are thought responsible for dysphagia and aspiration in stroke patients, no prior study has evaluated whether these patients also have sensory deficits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensory capacity of the laryngopharynx (LP) in supratentorial or brain stem stroke patients who presented with dysphagia. Fifteen stroke patients (mean age, 66.7 ± 13.8 [SD] years) were prospectively evaluated by means of our previously described method whereby air pulse stimuli were delivered via a flexible fiberoptic telescope to the mucosa innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve. There were 15 age-matched controls. No LP sensory deficits were found in any of the age-matched controls. In all stroke patients studied, either unilateral (n = 9) or bilateral (n=6) sensory deficits were identified. Deficits were defined as either a moderate impairment in sensory discrimination thresholds (3.5 to 6.0 mm Hg) or a severe sensory impairment (>6.0 mm Hg). These sensory discrimination thresholds were significantly greater than in age-matched controls (7.05 ± 0.17 mm Hg for the supratentorial group and 6.05 ± 1.22 mm Hg for the infratentorial group versus 2.61 ± 0.69 mm Hg for the controls). Among patients with unilateral deficits, sensory thresholds were moderately to severely elevated in all 9 cases on the affected side compared with the unaffected side (p < .01, Fisher's exact test). Moreover, the sensory thresholds of the unaffected side were not significantly different from those of age-matched controls (2.51 ± 0.25 mm Hg versus 2.61 ± 0.69 mm Hg, respectively). All 6 patients with bilateral deficits had severe impairments. The results of an outcome assessment in 13 of 15 patients revealed that 2 out of 5 patients with moderate LP sensory impairment and 5 out of 8 with severe impairment developed aspiration. Our results show for the first time that stroke patients with dysphagia have significant sensory deficits in the LP and that these impairments are likely to contribute to the development of aspiration.
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Hayes, Emily, Avalon White, Corinna Trujillo Tanner, and Jeremy Yorgason. "VISION IMPAIRMENT AND SOCIAL ISOLATION IN OLDER AFRICAN AMERICANS: THE IMPACT ON COGNITIVE DECLINE." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 651–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2407.
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Abstract Evidence suggests a consistent correlation between vision impairments, social isolation, and cognitive decline. The National Eye Institute reports that African Americans have an increased risk of developing certain vision impairments such as cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. At the same time, older African Americans often receive care from family members and this family care may act as a buffer against social isolation and resulting cognitive decline. Using data from 737 African Americans that participated in waves 5, 6, and 7 of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), we explored associations between vision impairment, social isolation, and cognitive functioning. Results showed that vision impairment at round 5 was related to increased social isolation, and higher social isolation at round 5 was related to decreased delayed word recall scores at the same wave. No significant longitudinal associations were found between these constructs. Findings suggest that concurrent associations exist between sensory impairments, social isolation, and cognitive functioning, but that these relationships are not robust across time. Despite support provided by unpaid family caregivers, African American older adults with vision impairment are at an increased risk for concurrent social and cognitive challenges. It may be that family support of those with sensory impairments helps so that these impairments aren’t related to social isolation or cognitive functioning across time. Researchers and clinicians could benefit older African Americans with sensory impairments by providing and encouraging support during early stages of vision loss.
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Alhusein, Nour, Leah Macaden, Annetta Smith, Kathleen M. Stoddart, Andrea J. Taylor, Kirsty Killick, Thilo Kroll, and Margaret C. Watson. "‘Has she seen me?’: a multiple methods study of the pharmaceutical care needs of older people with sensory impairment in Scotland." BMJ Open 8, no. 8 (August 2018): e023198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023198.
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ObjectivesTo explore the pharmaceutical care needs of, and service provision to, older people with sensory impairment (visual, hearing and dual impairment) on prescribed polypharmacy (≥4 medicines) in Scotland.DesignInterviews were conducted with older people with sensory impairment and community pharmacy personnel, which informed the content of a subsequent national cross-sectional survey of community pharmacists.SettingScotland, 2015–2016.ParticipantsOlder people with sensory impairment and community pharmacy personnel.ResultsInterviews were completed with 23 older people with sensory impairment (dual impairment n=13, visual or hearing impairment n=5 of each) and 30 community pharmacy personnel from eight of 14 Scottish Health Boards. A total of 171 survey responses were received.Older people reported that they did not always disclose their sensory impairment to pharmacy personnel. They also reported that medicines were difficult to identify particularly when their name, shape or colour changed. Pharmacy personnel relied on visible cues such as white canes or guide dogs to identify visual impairment and suggested that hearing loss was less visible and more difficult to identify. Many assistive aids in support of medicine management, such as dosette boxes, seemed inadequate for complex medication regimens. Few community pharmacy personnel reported receiving training in the care of people with sensory impairment.ConclusionsThis is the first comprehensive, multistakeholder, in-depth exploration of the pharmaceutical care needs of older people with sensory impairment. Strategies are needed to enable people with sensory impairment to disclose their impairment to pharmacy personnel (and other healthcare providers). Community pharmacy personnel require training to deliver person-centred pharmaceutical care for older people with sensory impairment particularly regarding communication with individuals in this vulnerable population.
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Schroyen, Sarah, Céeline Meillon, Manon Marquet, Jean-François Dartigues, Karine Pérès, and Hélène Amieva. "Subjective Age in the Oldest Old: What is the Association with Disability and Sensory Impairment?" Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 31, no. 04 (April 2020): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.18087.
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Abstract Background and Purpose Disability and sensory impairment are particularly pronounced among the oldest old population (80 years and older). Considering these specificities, we analyzed the association of such parameters with subjective age, a strong predictor of health-related outcomes. We assumed that greater disability and sensory impairment (hearing and visual) would be linked with an older subjective age. Research Design Prospective population-based study. Study Sample Data were gathered from the 27th year follow-up of the PAQUID cohort, visit where the question on subjective age was collected. Our sample included 75 participants older than 93 years, with a mean age of 96 years. Data Collection and Analysis Disability was assessed with Activities of Daily Living and sensory impairments by asking participants if they have visual or hearing difficulties. A multiple linear regression model was performed with subjective age as the dependent variable. Independent variables were functional disability and visual and hearing impairments. Results On average, the participants felt 12 years younger than their actual age. Multiple regression analyses controlled for age, gender, education, depression, and dementia indicated that self-reported hearing loss (p = 0.03) was associated with an older subjective age, whereas no significant associations were observed for disability (p = 0.42) and self-reported visual loss (p = 0.18). Conclusions Hearing impairment, in contrast to visual impairment and disability, is associated with feeling older. These results are discussed in light of health consequences and age stigma carried by hearing impairment.
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Morales, Emmanuel Garcia, and Nicholas Reed. "Sensory Loss and Delirium Among Medicare Beneficiaries." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2890.
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Abstract Sensory impairment is prevalent among older adults and may increase risk for delirium via mechanisms including sensory deprivation and poor communication which may result in confusion and agitation. In the Medicare Current Beneficiary Study (MCBS), delirium was measured using a validated algorithm of claims data. Sensory impairment was defined as any self-reported trouble hearing or seeing, with the use of aids, and was categorized as no impairment, hearing impairment only (HI), vision impairment only (VI), and dual sensory impairment (DSI). Among, 3,240 hospitalized participants in 2016-2017, 346 (10.7%) experienced delirium. In a model adjusted for socio-demographic and health characteristics, those with HI only, VI only, and DSI had 0.84 (95% CI: 0.6-1.3), 1.1 (95% CI 0.7-1.7), and 1.5 (95% CI 1.0-2.1) times the odds of experiencing delirium compared to those without sensory impairment. Future research should focus on mechanisms underlying association and determine the impact of treatment of sensory loss.
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Leekam, Susan. "Social cognitive impairment and autism: what are we trying to explain?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1686 (January 19, 2016): 20150082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0082.
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Early psychological theories of autism explained the clinical features of this condition in terms of perceptual and sensory processing impairments. The arrival of domain-specific social cognitive theories changed this focus, postulating a ‘primary’ and specific psychological impairment of social cognition. Across the years, evidence has been growing in support of social cognitive and social attention explanations in autism. However, there has also been evidence for general non-social cognitive impairments in representational understanding, attention allocation and sensory processing. Here, I review recent findings and consider the case for the specificity and primacy of the social cognitive impairment, proposing that we should focus more explicitly on clinically valid features for insights on the integration of ‘social’ and ‘non-social’ cognition.
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Mihocek, Melani, and Ana Marija Hošnjak. "Quality Of Life of Persons with Sensory Impairments." Croatian nursing journal 6, no. 1 (July 22, 2022): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24141/2/6/1/1.
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Introduction. Quality of life is a multidimensional concept that includes social, affective, cognitive, and physical domains. people with disabilities include persons with sensory impairments, i.e., the visually impaired, the blind, the hard of hearing, the deaf, and the deafblind. Their diagnosis is a real challenge ineveryday life because it hinders them from gather- ing visual and auditory information from the environ- ment. This affects their abilities and interaction with others, which affects their quality of life.Aim. To examine how sensory impairment is related to the quality of life and activities of daily functioning.Methods. The research was conducted using a questionnaire completed by 57 respondents diagnosed with deafness, hearing impairment, low vision, blindness, and deafblindness. data were collected online, using the snowball method from members of the Association of the blind, Association of the deaf, and Association of the deafblind. The survey consisted of two parts: the first part consisted of general demographic questions, while the second part consisted of selected questions from the WHoQol-bref quality of life questionnaire where respondents marked their answers on a five-point likert scale.Results. by calculating the mean of all quality of life issues, the results showed that deaf people are the most satisfied with their quality of life, followed by the hard of hearing, visually impaired, and blind people. deafblind people are the most dissatisfied with the quality of life.Conclusion. There is a significant difference in the quality of life of people with sensory impairment depending on the category of impairment. The analysis of the results showed a difference in the quality of life concerning the diagnosis of sensory impairment and that people with deafblindness consider their quality of life the worst.
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Deal, Jennifer, and Heather Whitson. "Understanding the Sensory Loss–Cognitive Function Relationship in Older Adults: Biomarker or Causal Risk Factor?" Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2920.
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Abstract Sensory impairment in older adults is common, over 55% of Americans 60 years and older have either hearing or vision impairment, and it is linked to accelerated cognitive decline and increased risk of incident dementia in population-based observational studies. However, whether sensory impairment is a marker or a cause of cognitive decline and dementia is unknown. Both sensory impairment and cognitive decline/dementia may be caused by a common underlying pathology (e.g., microvascular disease), or sensory impairment may be a marker of dementia-related pathological changes in the brain. Alternatively, causal mechanisms include increased cognitive load, changes brain structure/function, depression, social isolation and/or reduced activity. This session will investigate the role of sensory impairment in cognitive decline and dementia in older adults and discuss the ramifications of these different possibilities for risk prediction and stratification, and potentially, for disease prevention. The co-occurrence of multiple sensory deficits will be described, and the potential utility of the use of retinal signs as predictive markers for cognitive decline/dementia will be discussed. We will also describe current evidence for both non-causal and causal relationships between sensory impairment and cognition with a focus on hearing impairment. Finally, we will describe the relationship of dual sensory (both hearing and vision) impairment on cognitive performance and dementia in a biracial population-based study.
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Davila, Evelyn P., Alberto J. Caban-Martinez, Peter Muennig, David J. Lee, Lora E. Fleming, Kenneth F. Ferraro, William G. LeBlanc, et al. "Sensory Impairment Among Older US Workers." American Journal of Public Health 99, no. 8 (August 2009): 1378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2008.141630.
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