Journal articles: 'Sensory and motor disturbances'

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Özkan, Neriman, Mehdi Chihi, Tobias Schoemberg, Thiemo Florin Dinger, Moritz Helsper, Ahmet Parlak, Ramazan Jabbarli, et al. "First neurological symptoms in degenerative cervical myelopathy: does it predict the outcome?" European Spine Journal 31, no. 2 (November 25, 2021): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-021-07060-3.

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Abstract Purpose Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is the most common non-traumatic cause of spinal cord dysfunction. Prediction of the neurological outcome after surgery is important. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between first symptoms of DCM and the neurological outcome after surgery. Methods A retrospective analysis over a period of 10 years was performed. First symptoms such as cervicobrachial neuralgia, sensory and motor deficits and gait disturbances were evaluated regarding the postoperative neurological outcome. The modified Japanese Orthopedic Association Score (mJOA Score) was used to evaluate neurological outcome. Results In total, 411 patients (263 males, 64%) with a median age of 62.6 ± 12.1 years were included. Cervicobrachial neuralgia was described in 40.2%, gait disturbance in 31.6%, sensory deficits in 19% and motor deficits in 9.2% as first symptom. Patients with cervicobrachial neuralgia were significantly younger (median age of 58 years, p = 0.0005) than patients with gait disturbances (median age of 68 years, p = 0.0005). Patients with gait disturbances and motor deficits as first symptom showed significantly lower mJOA Scores than other patients (p = 0.0005). Additionally, motor deficits and gait disturbance were negative predictors for postoperative outcome according to the mJOA Score. Conclusion Motor deficits and gait disturbances as the first symptom of DCM are negative predictors for postoperative neurological outcome. Nevertheless, patients with motor deficits and gait disturbance significantly profit from the surgical treatment despite poor preoperative mJOA Score.

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Fadli, Muhammad, Wahyuni Wahyuni, and Farid Rahman. "Penatalaksanaan Fisioterapi pada Pasien Diabetic Peripheral Neuropaty dengan Metode Sensorimotor Exercise." Ahmar Metastasis Health Journal 1, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.53770/amhj.v1i3.53.

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ABSTRACK Introduction:Diabetic peripheral neuropathy causes sensory disturbances such as the reduced sensation of vibration, pressure, pain, and joint position, this will result in reduced ability to balance and coordinate a person's gait. Sensory-motor exercise is used to correct muscle imbalances through sensory input. This study aims to determine the effect of exercise therapy on sensory improvement, balance, and functional ability using the sensory-motor exercise method in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The research method used in this study is an experiment with the case report method, and the sample is taken using an incidental technique. Results: After being given exercise therapy using the sensory-motor exercise method, the results were an increase in sensory input sensitivity, an increase in static balance, an increase in dynamic balance, and an increase in the patient's functional ability in the form of a better walking pattern. Conclusion: exercise therapy using the sensory-motor exercise method effectively improves balance and improves walking patterns in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Suggestion: exercise to increase the movement ability of sensory and functional functions can be combined with sensory training in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Diabetic peripheral neuropati mengakibatkan gangguan sensorik seperti berkurangnya sensasi getaran, tekanan, nyeri dan posisi sendi, hal ini akan mengakibatkan berkurangnya kemampuan keseimbangan dan koordinasi gaya berjalan seseorang, sensory motor exercise merupakan metode latihan yang digunakan untuk memperbaiki ketidakseimbangan otot melalui input sensorik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek terapi latihan terhadap perbaikan sensoris, keseimbangan dan kemampuan fungsional dengan menggunakan metode sensori motor exercise pada pasien dengan diabetic peripheral neuropaty. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada studi ini merupakan eksperimen dengan metode case report, dan sampel di ambil dengan teknik insindental. Hasil: setelah diberikan terapi latihan dengan metode sensory motor exercise didapatkan hasil berupa peningkatan sensitifitas input sensorik, peningkatan keseimbangan statis dan peningkatan keseimbangan dinamis serta peningkatan dari kemampuan fungsional pasien berupa pola berjalan yang lebih baik. Kesimpulan: terapi latihan dengan metode sensory motor exercise efektif untuk meningkatkan keseimbangan dan memperbaiki pola berjalan pada pasien dengan diabetic peripheral neuropaty. Saran: latihan peningkatan kemampuan gerak fungsi sensoris dan fungsional dapat dikombinasikan dengan latihan sensomotori pada penderita diabetic peripheral neuropaty.

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Bon, E. I., and N. Ye Maksimovich. "METHODS FOR ESTIMATING NEUROLOGICAL DISTURBANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA." Biomeditsina, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33647/2074-5982-15-2-69-74.

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Investigation of the brain pathology in experimental ischemia requires adequate methods for assessing the neurological deficit that occurs in laboratory animals, including sensory-based and behavioural disorders. In this research, we aimed to compare motor and behavioural disorders in rats with partial and subtotal experimental cerebral ischemia. The rats modelled with cerebral ischemia are found to exhibit a decrease in muscle strength, resistance to hypoxia, motor and emotional activity. The animals with incomplete cerebral ischemia demonstrated more pronounced sensory-based motor and behavioural disorders compared both with those modelled with partial cerebral ischemia and, in particular, with the control group.

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Vilensky, Joel A., and Sid Gilman. "Sensory Disturbances after Focal Extirpations of the Human “Motor” Cortex." Motor Control 5, no. 3 (July 2001): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mcj.5.3.222.

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Walsh, Mark T. "Interventions in the Disturbances in the Motor and Sensory Environment." Journal of Hand Therapy 25, no. 2 (April 2012): 202–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2011.12.004.

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Hezzi, Abir, Seifeddine Ben Elghali, Yemna Bensalem, Zhibin Zhou, Mohamed Benbouzid, and Mohamed Naceur Abdelkrim. "ADRC-Based Robust and Resilient Control of a 5-Phase PMSM Driven Electric Vehicle." Machines 8, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines8020017.

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The selection of electric machines for an Electric Vehicle (EV) is mainly based on reliability, efficiency, and robustness, which makes the 5-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) among the best candidates. However, control performance of any motor drive can be deeply affected by both: (1) internal disturbances caused by parametric variations and model uncertainties and (2) external disturbances related to sensor faults or unexpected speed or torque variation. To ensure stability under those conditions, an Active Disturbance Rejection Controller (ADRC) based on an online dynamic compensation of estimated internal and external disturbances, and a Linear ADRC (LADRC) are investigated in this paper. The control performance was compared with traditional controller and evaluated by considering parametric variation, unmodeled disturbances, and speed sensor fault. The achieved results clearly highlight the effectiveness and high control performance of the proposed ADRC-based strategies.

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Granadillo, Elias D., and David B. Arciniegas. "Poststroke Subcortical Aphasia and Neurobehavioral Disturbances Without Motor or Sensory Deficits." Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 27, no. 2 (April 2015): e165-e167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.14060138.

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Sk, Roswaldi, and Julsam Julsam. "Rancang Bangun Tacho Generator Sebagai Sensor Kecepatan Pada Praktikum Kendali Motor-Motor Listrik." Elektron : Jurnal Ilmiah 1, no. 1 (September 10, 2009): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/eji.1.1.4.

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The research implementing “Tachogenerator as the sensor for controller of Electric Motor Speed rotation at electric laboratories” Plant (Object controlled) is controlled by the electric motors speed rotation in AC or DC, by setting armature voltage of motor using digital PID controller and fuzzy logic from Personal Computer (PC). Although the load disturbances are changing significantly, but the motor speed rotation can be stabilized by feedback input from tachogenerator which are the focus in this research. PID controller dan fuzzy Logic controller applications are used to find the advantages the disadvatages or controll methode of motor reliability in dinamic controll (speed rotation) which cause the system more stabil. The result can be seen in maintained system responses and the system reliabilty against disturbances.

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Schieszler-Ockrassa, C., and F. Bylsma. "B-27 Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis in an Older Man." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 6 (July 25, 2019): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz034.110.

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Abstract Objective Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease more common in women than men, usually diagnosed between 20-30 years of age. Approximately 50% of individuals with MS develop cognitive dysfunction, with men and progressive MS subtype cases at higher risk (Beatty & Aupperle, 2002). Mr. Doe’s case is unique because he was diagnosed with primary progressive MS at age 56 and demonstrated only mild cognitive dysfunction. Method Mr. Doe presented to his neurologist with complaints of extreme fatigue, slowed processing, and sensory and motor disturbances. He was seen for neuropsychological evaluation one year after diagnosis and was reassessed one year later. He reported worsening mood including passive suicidal ideation since diagnosis. He reported difficulties with work duties (attorney) and household demands due to gradual motor and sensory disturbances, slowed processing speed, fatigue, and mood disturbance. Results Mr. Doe’s initial neuropsychological assessment revealed variability in auditory working memory, weakness in sustained visual attention, and mild deficits in upper extremity fine motor dexterity. Memory, executive functioning, language, and processing speed were all intact unless a motor component was involved (mild decline after one year). His cognitive performances remained generally stable after one year, but depression, anxiety, and hopelessness levels were all significantly worse. Conclusions Although Mr. Doe’s impairments are extremely mild and somewhat unexpected given the primary progressive MS diagnosis, his gender, and age, the affected domains are consistent with the diagnosis. This case demonstrates the importance of understanding base rates for conditions we assess, but also not ruling out lower base rate conditions.

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Suherlim, Richard, Anak Agung Ayu Putri Laksmidewi, and Sudiarini NKA. "CASE REPORT OF ADULT-ONSET CHARCOT MARIE TOOTH TYPE X." MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.mnj.2022.008.01.14.

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Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) or Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy (HMSN) is the most common hereditary peripheral nerve disease with progressive chronic weakness, muscle atrophy, and sensory disturbances. There are several types and subtypes of CMT with their respective clinical manifestations. In this article, we reported a patient with of CMT type X. A 43-year-old male patient was referred to a neurology clinic with weakness in both limbs for 2 years, accompanied by tingling and sensory disturbance in both hands and feet. There are several of his family members who had similar complaints. Lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination revealed mild nucleus pulposus herniation. Electroneuromyography (ENMG) examination revealed demyelinating sensory motor polyneuropathy. Histopathological examination of nerve biopsy showed demyelination of the sural nerve. It is hard to make a diagnosis of CMT, because it requires high suspicion from clinicians once encounter a suspected case and also need to supported by sophisticated equipment such as electrophysiological examinations, nerve biopsy examinations, and genetic examinations. It is vital for clinicians for being able to diagnose CMT correctly and provide treatment as soon as possible in order to maintain the patients’ quality of life.

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Patroclo, Cristiane Borges, Angelina Maria Martins Lino, Paulo Eurípides Marchiori, Mário Wilson Iervolino Brotto, and Maria Teresa Alves Hirata. "Autosomal dominant HMSN with proximal involvement: new Brazilian cases." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 67, no. 3b (September 2009): 892–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2009000500021.

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We report four Brazilian siblings with Autosomal Dominant Hereditary Motor Sensory Neuropathy with Proximal Dominant Involvement (HMSN-P), a rare form of HMSN, that was characterized by proximal dominant muscle weakness and atrophy onset after the age of 30 years, fasciculation, arreflexia and sensory disturbances with autosomal dominant inheritance. Electrophysiological study and sural nerve biopsy were in the accordance with axonal sensory motor polyneuropathy and laboratorial analysis disclosed serum lipids and muscle enzymes abnormalities. Our report is the first done by a group outside Japan, where the disease initially seemed to be restricted and stressed the phenotypic variability from the original report.

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Smirnov, Valery, Anna Lyudagovskaya, Maria Savvova, and Viktor Smirnov. "CLINICAL FEATURES OF ACUTE REFLEX AND COMPRESSION SYNDROMES OF CERVICAL OSTEOCHONDROSIS." Manual Therapy, no. 4 (January 24, 2023): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54504/1684-6753-2023-4-58-67.

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Pain syndromes of cervical osteochondrosis are among the most common in neurological practice. The complex anatomic and physiological features of the cervical spine result in a variety of clinical syndromes in case of cervical osteochondrosis. The clinical features of the formation of refl ex and compression syndromes of cervical steochondrosis were identifi ed as a result of the examination. In patients with refl ex pain syndromes, the distribution of pain over the sclerotome and myotome areas (myosclerotome pain) and the absence of motor and sensory disorders were characteristic. Patients with compression radicular syndrome featured the distribution of pain sensation over dermatome areas, motor disturbances in the form of muscle paresis or hypotonia, corresponding myotome, decrease or absence of corresponding tendon refl exes, and sensory disturbances in the dermatome area of the aff ected radicle.

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Isu, Toyohiko, Yoshinohu Iwasaki, Minoru Akino, and Hiroshi Abe. "Hydrosyringomyelia Associated with a Chiari I Malformation in Children and Adolescents." Neurosurgery 26, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199004000-00006.

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Abstract The clinical presentation, radiological features, and results of surgical treatment were analyzed in 17 cases of hydrosyringomyelia associated with a Chiari malformation, in children and adolescents younger than 20 years of age. The initial symptoms were a skeletal abnormality (71%), such as scoliosis (11 patients) or pes cavus (1 patient), pain or numbness (24%), and motor weakness (6%). Frequently seen signs on admission were sensory deficit (100%), scoliosis (85%), muscle weakness (64%), muscle atrophy (35%), and lower cranial nerve palsy (35%), The characteristic neurological findings were unilateral sensory and motor deficits (65%) with decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes on the same side. The localization of the syrinx on the axial section varied according to the level, even in the same patient. In 11 patients with unilateral sensory disturbances or unilateral sensory and motor deficits, the syrinx was located in the region corresponding to the posterolateral portion on the same side as that of sensory disturbance at the cervical or thoracic level. On the other hand, in 6 patients with bilateral sensory and motor deficits, the syrinx was located in the central portion and extended into the posterolateral portion of the more affected side. A syringosubarachnoid shunt was placed in 16 patients, foramen magnum decompression without closure of the obex was performed in 1 patient, ventriculoperitoneal shunt in 1 patient, terminal syringostomy in 1 patient, and foramen magnum decompression with terminal syringostomy in 1 patient. In 15 of 17 patients (88%), the neurological symptoms improved after an average follow-up of 4 years and 1 month. We think that as a surgical treatment, placement of a syringosubarachnoid shunt is effective.

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Jančić, J. "19.Motor and sensory evoked potentials disturbances in Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy." Clinical Neurophysiology 123, no. 7 (July 2012): e81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2011.11.059.

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Firman, Beny, Hariyo Santoso, Sigit Priyambodo, Hadi Prasetyo Suseno, Prastyono Eko Pambudi, and RR Yuliana Rachmawati Kusumaningsih. "Implementasi Sistem Data Logger pada Alat Pemantau Energi Listrik Motor Induksi 3-Fasa Berbasis Arduino Mega 2560 di PT Madu Baru Yogyakarta." AVITEC 4, no. 1 (February 24, 2022): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/avitec.v4i1.1189.

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An Induction motor is an electric machine that converts electrical energy into kinetics energy and widely used in the industrial fields. Many disturbances that occur in the motor that cause production to be not optimal as for the problems that occur at PT. Madu Baru Yogyakarta is when there is a disturbance in the three-phase induction motor, workers still use manual methods to analyze the disturbance, so that the time used in the analysis takes a long time even the three-phase induction motor cannot work again. In overcoming this, it is necessary to implement a data logger system that can detect the electrical parameters of a three-phase induction motor in real time, in order to make it easier to analyze existing disturbances through graphs. The voltage sensor CYVS13-34U0 and current sensor SCT-019 will detect the electrical parameters which will then be processed by the Arduino Mega 2560 pro so that the processed data will be stored on the microsd card. The data resulting from the processing are electrical parameters in the form of voltage, current, apparent power, real power, reactive power, and power factor. The data will be saved as a file with .txt format which has an interval of about 1 minute for each storage.

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Humphreys, Douglas B., Christine B. Novak, and Susan E. Mackinnon. "Patient outcome after common peroneal nerve decompression." Journal of Neurosurgery 107, no. 2 (August 2007): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns-07/08/0314.

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Object This study examines common peroneal nerve decompression and its effect on nerve function. Methods Fifty-one peroneal nerve decompressions were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively for motor and sensory function of the peroneal nerve as well as for pain. Results Postoperatively, 40 (83%) of 48 patients who had preoperative motor weakness had improvement in motor function. Likewise, 23 (49%) of 47 patients who had sensory disturbances and 26 (84%) of 31 patients who had preoperative pain improved after surgical decompression of the peroneal nerve. Conclusions Common peroneal nerve decompression is a useful procedure to improve sensation and strength as well as to decrease pain.

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Lackner, James R. "Multimodal and Motor Influences on Orientation: Implications for Adapting to Weightless and Virtual Environments1." Journal of Vestibular Research 2, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): 307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-1992-2405.

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Human sensory-motor control and orientation involve the correlation of sensory information from many modalities with motor information about ongoing patterns of voluntary and reflexive activation of the body musculature. The vestibular system represents only one of the acceleration-sensitive receptor systems of the body conveying spatial information. Touch- and pressure-dependent receptors, somatosensory and interoceptive, as well as proprioceptive receptors contribute, along with visual and auditory signals specifying relative motion between self and surround. Control of body movement and orientation is dynamically adapted to the 1G force background of Earth. Exposure to non-1G environments such as in space travel produces a variety of sensory-motor disturbances, and often motion sickness, until adaptation is achieved. Exposure to virtual environments in which body movements are not accompanied by normal patterns of inertial and sensory feedback can also lead to control errors and elicit motion sickness.

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Suroto, Nur Setiawan. "Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: Diagnosis and Treatment." Neurologico Spinale Medico Chirurgico 1, no. 2 (August 7, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/nsmc.v1i2.104.

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Spinal dural arteriovenous (AV) fistulas are the most commonly encountered vascular malformation of the spinal cord and a treatable cause for progressive paraplegia or tetraplegia. They most commonly affected are elderly men and are classically found in the thoracolumbar region.Symptoms gradually progress or decline in a stepwise manner and are commonly associated with pain and sphincter disturbances. Surgical or endovascular disconnection of the fistula has a high success rate with a low rate of morbidity. Motor symptoms are most likely to improve after treatment, followed by sensory disturbances, and lastly sphincter disturbances.

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K, Jayaraj, Shaji C V, Kabeer K A, and Prashanth S R. "A rare variant of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with autonomic dysfunction." IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences 7, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 248–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2021.044.

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A young hypothyroid female with history of chronic inflammatory small joint arthralgias presenting with distal sensory motor symptoms of 8 weeks duration and prominent disturbances of bladder sensations was found to have symmetric motor and distal large fibre sensory loss and blunting of perineal sensations. On evaluation was found to have a normal nerve conduction study at presentation and imaging showing hypertrophic and enhancing cervical and lumbosacral nerve roots with a positive marker of mixed connective tissue disorder on ANA profile, fitting into a diagnosis of Chronic Immune Sensorimotor Polyradiculopathy in the background of a connective tissue disorder.

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Darmawansyah, Darmawansyah, M. Khairul Amri Rosa, and Ika Novia Anggraini. "Sistem Proteksi Motor Induksi 3 Fasa Terhadap Bermacam Gangguan Menggunakan Mikrokontroller." JURNAL AMPLIFIER : JURNAL ILMIAH BIDANG TEKNIK ELEKTRO DAN KOMPUTER 10, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jamplifier.v10i1.15168.

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ABSTRACTIn the current era of globalization, various human jobs depend on electrical equipment such as three-phase induction motors. Three-phase induction motors are very important to use according to their roles and functions. The occurrence of voltage variations in the electric power system is due to the magnitude of the voltages between the three phases which are not the same so that there are differences in the angle of the R, S and T phases, which causes an uneven load overload in the electrical distribution system. Among the disturbances that can occur are overvoltage, under voltage, unbalance voltage between phases, overload, and overheating. Based on these problems, a three-phase induction motor protection system was designed, the system uses current, voltage, temperature sensors, which functions to measure the value when a disturbance occurs, a magnetic contactor as a breaker and a liaison when the disturbance is given in accordance with the set point value given to the microcontroller. The results of the research for unbalanced voltage of V1 112 V, V2 114 V, V3 108 V, overvoltage of V1 228 V, V2 207 V, V3 264 V, over current of A1 104 A, A2 107 A, A3 0.77 A , the overload on the resistance source is 333 ?, 250 ?, 200 ?, 167 ?, and the overheating is 40.75 ºC at 6.5 minutes with tripping conditions in each test. The final results of this study indicate that the protection system which is designed is better used for three-phase induction motors.Keywords: unbalaced, disturbances, protection systems, sensors, magnetic contactor, microcontroller.

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Pula, John H., and Jorge C. Kattah. "Diagnosis and Treatment of Visual Disturbances in Multiple Sclerosis." International Journal of MS Care 12, no. 3 (January 1, 2010): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073-12.3.106.

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In 1868, Jean Charcot described what he considered to be the three cardinal features of multiple sclerosis (MS): dysarthria, intention tremor, and nystagmus. These three symptoms subsequently became known as “Charcot's triad.” Thus visual abnormalities have been a distinguishing feature of MS since the disease's initial clinical description. In this article, we differentiate three major visual problems in MS: visual loss, diplopia, and oscillopsia. We then describe elements of the afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) visual examination in MS. Finally, we present an update on current treatment options related to each of these visual disturbances.

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Hernández, Oscar H., Teresita C. Huchín-Ramirez, and Muriel Vogel-Sprott. "Behaviorally Fractionated Reaction Time to an Omitted Stimulus: Tests with Visual, Auditory, and Tactile Stimuli." Perceptual and Motor Skills 100, no. 3_suppl (June 2005): 1066–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.100.3c.1066-1080.

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Two experiments tested the adequacy of behavioral criteria to fractionate reaction time (RT) into independent premotor (cognitive) and motor components. Healthy participants performed an omitted stimulus reaction time task in which they responded to the termination of a train of lateralized visual, auditory or tactile stimuli. Exp. 1 with 48 participants (24 men) showed premotor RT was independent of motor RT in each sensory modality and did not differ as a function of side of presentation or sex. Repeated tests administered in Exp. 2 ( N = 12) also showed no significant association between the behaviorally fractionated measures. These results are comparable to those obtained using muscle potential to fractionate RT and suggest behaviorally fractionated premotor and motor RT could be a reliable, useful tool in the assessment of cognitive and motor processing in different sensory modalities of healthy people or those with brain injury, disease, or drug-induced disturbances.

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Oliveira, L. M., R. G. Cury, L. H. Castro, and R. Nitrini. "Concomitant Transverse Myelitis and Acute Axonal Sensory-Motor Neuropathy in an Elderly Patient." Case Reports in Immunology 2017 (2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7289474.

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Diagnosing concomitant transverse myelitis (TM) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) can be challenging. We report a case of an elderly patient presenting with acute sensory and motor disturbances in the four limbs, associated with urinary retention, ophthalmoparesis, facial weakness, and dysarthria. Electrodiagnostic studies were consistent with acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN), and imaging showed a longitudinally extensive tumefactive contrast-enhancing hyperintense spinal cord lesion extending from T6 to the cone. Concomitant AMSAN and TM have not been previously reported in the elderly. Comorbid TM and other GBS variants have been previously reported. Intravenous methylprednisolone, plasma exchange, cyclophosphamide, or combination therapies are usually used, although there are no randomized controlled studies regarding treatment choices.

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Popescu, Cyprian. "Severe Acute Axonal Neuropathy Induced by Ciprofloxacin: A Case Report." Case Reports in Neurology 10, no. 2 (May 30, 2018): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000489303.

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Fluoroquinolones increase the risk of peripheral neuropathy. The present work aims to report a case of fluoroquinolone-related severe axonal neuropathy. The subject of this study was a 62-year-old man who exhibited generalized sensory disturbances 4 days after treatment by ciprofloxacin prescribed for urinary infection. Electrodiagnostic studies revealed severe motor-sensory axonal neuropathy with widespread fibrillation potentials in support of generalized motor polyradiculopathy. There was no evidence of conduction blocks or albuminocytologic dissociation in favor of an autoimmune inflammatory reaction. The only pathological biomarker was the reduction of serum folate. According to this case, we suggest that folate level could be routinely measured and supplementation should be performed in patients with fluoroquinolone-induced neuropathy.

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Munhoz, Renato P., Adriana Moro, Laura Silveira-Moriyama, and Helio A. Teive. "Non-motor signs in Parkinson’s disease: a review." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 73, no. 5 (April 17, 2015): 454–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20150029.

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During the past decade the view of Parkinson’s disease (PD) as a motor disorder has changed significantly and currently it is recognized as a multisystem process with diverse non-motor signs (NMS). In addition to been extremely common, these NMS play a major role in undermining functionality and quality of life. On the other hand, NMS are under recognized by physicians and neglected by patients. Here, we review the most common NMS in PD, including cognitive, psychiatric, sleep, metabolic, and sensory disturbances, discuss the current knowledge from biological, epidemiological, clinical, and prognostic standpoints, highlighting the need for early recognition and management.

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Hinnell, Claire, and K. Ray Chaudhuri. "The Effect of Non-motor Symptoms on Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease." European Neurological Review 4, no. 2 (2009): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/enr.2009.04.02.29.

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Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD), affecting up to 90% of patients during their illness, and include neuropsychiatric complications, autonomic disorders, sleep disturbances and sensory symptoms. Although NMS correlate strongly with advancing disease, they may precede the onset of motor symptoms by a number of years. It is increasingly recognised that NMS result in a significant burden for people with PD and affect quality of life (QoL) to a greater extent than motor features. However, NMS often remain undiagnosed and untreated. Herein we review the impact of common NMS on QoL for patients with PD.

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Conte, Antonella, Isabella Berardelli, Gina Ferrazzano, Massimo Pasquini, Alfredo Berardelli, and Giovanni Fabbrini. "Non-motor symptoms in patients with adult-onset focal dystonia: Sensory and psychiatric disturbances." Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 22 (January 2016): S111—S114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.09.001.

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Ito, S., T. Hattori, T. Kanesaka, and M. Asahina. "Posterior spinal artery syndrome presenting with sensory and motor disturbances of unilateral lower limb." Journal of Neurology 252, no. 7 (March 16, 2005): 850–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-005-0758-3.

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C., Shakthi, Sritharan B., Muthuveeran M., Manivannan M. R., Justin C., and GanesaPandian D. "Prevalence of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 5 (April 26, 2019): 1459. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191488.

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Background: Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative movement disorder characterised by motor symptoms of rest tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability and non-motor symptoms (NMS) which include neuropsychiatric symptoms, sleep disturbances, autonomic symptoms, sensory symptoms and symptoms of mixed aetiology. Parkinson’s Disease Non Motor Group (PD-NMG) devised a comprehensive clinic-based self-completed NMS questionnaire that allows easy identification of NMS by the physician. Most NMS have a poor response to dopaminergic therapy as it is due to dysfunction of the serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways. Treatment of these nonmotor symptoms help in improving the quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s disease.Methods: There were 100 patients with Parkinson’s disease who had presented to our neuromedicine movement clinic were included in the study. Patients were diagnosed as PD based on UK Parkinson’s disease brain bank criteria. The inclusion criteria were diagnosis as PD, age >18 yrs, inclusion of both males and females and consent for the study. Patients with atypical parkinsonism and secondary parkinsonism, stroke, intake of antipsychotics were excluded from the study. Non motor symptom questionnaire was given to the study group and frequency of occurrence of each non motor symptoms and their predominance in both males and females were studied. The frequency of each NMS was calculated by computing the number of yes response and calculating the percentage related to the number of patients in the sample. Analysis was done to calculate the frequency of all NMS among the enrolled patient.Results: Nocturnal sleep disturbances (43%) were most common followed by constipation (29%).The most common non motor symptoms in males were constipation (20%), urinary urgency (18%) and nocturia (11%).The most common non motor symptoms in females were nocturnal sleep disturbance (25%), feeling sad (19%), unexplained pains (17%) and being anxious (13%).Conclusions: Non motor symptom questionnaire helps in screening patients with Parkinson’s disease of non-motor symptoms and aims at providing holistic treatment improving the quality of life.

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Fugate, Jennifer E., Giuseppe Lanzino, and Alejandro A. Rabinstein. "Clinical presentation and prognostic factors of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: an overview." Neurosurgical Focus 32, no. 5 (May 2012): E17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.1.focus11376.

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Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), the most common type of spinal cord vascular malformation, can be a challenge to diagnose and treat promptly. The disorder is rare, and the presenting clinical symptoms and signs are nonspecific and insidious at onset. Spinal dural AVFs preferentially affect middle-aged men, and patients most commonly present with gait abnormality or lower-extremity weakness and sensory disturbances. Symptoms gradually progress or decline in a stepwise manner and are commonly associated with pain and sphincter disturbances. Surgical or endovascular disconnection of the fistula has a high success rate with a low rate of morbidity. Motor symptoms are most likely to improve after treatment, followed by sensory disturbances, and lastly sphincter disturbances. Patients with severe neurological deficits at presentation tend to have worse posttreatment functional outcomes than those with mild or moderate pretreatment disability. However, improvement or stabilization of symptoms is seen in the vast majority of treated patients, and thus treatment is justified even in patients with substantial neurological deficits. The extent of intramedullary spinal cord T2 signal abnormality does not correlate with outcomes and should not be used as a prognostic factor.

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Altenmüller, Eckart, and Christos I. Ioannou. "Maladaptive Plasticity Induces Degradation of Fine Motor Skills in Musicians." Zeitschrift für Psychologie 224, no. 2 (April 2016): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000242.

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Abstract. Performing music at a professional level is probably one of the most complex human accomplishments requiring extensive training periods. The superior skills of musicians are mirrored in plastic adaptations of the brain involving gray and white matter increase in sensory motor and auditory areas and enlargement of receptive fields. Motor disturbances in musicians are common and include mild forms, such as temporary motor fatigue, painful overuse injuries following prolonged practice, anxiety-related motor failures during performances, and more persistent losses of motor control, termed “dynamic stereotypes.” Musician’s dystonia is characterized by a permanent loss of motor control when playing a musical instrument linked to genetic susceptibility and to maladaptive plasticity. In this review article, we argue that these motor failures developing on a continuum from motor fatigue to musician’s dystonia require client tailored treatment and accordingly specific psychological and neurological interventions.

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Storey, A. T., and D. J. Kenny. "Growth, Development, and Aging of Orofacial Tissues: Neural Aspects." Advances in Dental Research 3, no. 1 (May 1989): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374890030010101.

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Neural factors influence post-natal growth, development, and aging throughout the body. This influence may be mediated through sensory or motor effects interacting with endocrine and immunological factors. Growth effects may be expressed directly by sensory or motor nerves on the tissue or indirectly by motor function. Direct neurotrophic effects have been well-documented in the development of striated muscle, the taste bud, and the amphibian limb. Evidence for a trigeminal neurotrophic effect on tooth development and facial development is lacking. Growth disturbances of the jaws consequent to lesioning of the trigeminal nerve are due most likely to functional disturbances rather than neurotrophism. Examples of function impact on orofacial growth are abundant. Oral and facial target tissues, like those elsewhere in the body, determine the nature of the target tissue innervation and its central organization. Central effects consequent to tooth loss or dental pulp entirpation are well-documented. Inflammation and pain may exert growth effects through release of "wound hormones" or secondarily to somatic and autonomic effects. There is evidence that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) elaborated from sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons may have a modulatory role in growth. While the effects of longstanding motor pathologies on skeletal growth are well-known, concomitant sensory deficits and soft tissue disturbances have not been examined. However, the pathological models beg the question of normal regulation. While muscle develops in the absence of innervation, neurotrophic effects are clearly identified. Little is known about the interaction of simple and complex motor behavior on growth. Regulation of growth is frequently visualized within a form-function paradigm. For example, anterior open bites have been seen as the consequence of tongue thrusting or tongue thrusting as a consequence of open bites. Low tonic forces in posture are thought to be more important in the development of both the face and the dental alveolar complex than the higher intermittent forces in mastication and swallowing. The need for an active (reflex) contribution to growth at the TMJ is in dispute. The specific chemical regulators of bone cartilage and soft tissue growth identified elsewhere in the body probably act in a similar fashion in orofacial development. The lack of chemical regulators common to both lists of growth factors and putative and demonstrated neural transmitters suggests that most post-natal growth regulation is secondary to function. Short- and long-term strategies are offered to address questions suitable for immediate and future investigation.

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Correll, M. H., N. Datta, H. S. S. Arvidsson, H. A. Melsom, A. K. Thielberg, M. Bjerager, M. C. Brodsky, and J. P. Saunte. "Lyme neuroborreliosis: a treatable cause of acute ocular motor disturbances in children." British Journal of Ophthalmology 99, no. 10 (April 13, 2015): 1401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-306855.

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Leon-Sarmiento, Fidias E., Gustavo Pradilla, and Maria del Rosario Zambrano. "Primary and reversible Pisa syndrome in juvenile normal pressure hydrocephalus." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 25, no. 1 (February 2013): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2012.00657.x.

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ObjectiveTo report a case of Pisa syndrome in a patient with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, who had never been exposed to psychotropic medications.MethodsA 26-year-old, Colombian, male patient, was referred because he had cognitive abnormalities, gait disturbances and urinary incontinence. This patient also displayed pleurothotonos. Neurofunctional evaluations of sensory and motor integration at peripheral and central nervous system levels were done. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) was diagnosed.ResultsPisa syndrome disappeared after spinal tap drainage with further gait, balance and behavioural improvement. A brainstem-thalamocortical deregulation of the central sensory and motor programming, due to the chaotic enlargement of brain ventricles was thought to be the pathophysiological mechanism underlying this case.ConclusionNPH must not be longer considered as an exclusive geriatric disorder. Further, uncommon movement disorders may appear with this disorder, which should be carefully approached to avoid iatrogenic and deleterious pharmacological interventions.

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Kyoshima, Kazuhiko, Takashi Uehara, Junichi Koyama, Koji Idomari, and Shoji Yomo. "Dumbbell C2 Schwannomas Involving Both Sensory and Motor Rootlets: Report of Two Cases." Neurosurgery 53, no. 2 (August 1, 2003): 436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000073992.97761.88.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE Intradural-extradural dumbbell C2 schwannomas are rare. This report concerns two such cases with the intradural compartment located ventral to the spinal cord and involving both sensory and motor rootlets. CLINICAL PRESENTATION One patient was a 57-year-old woman with sensory disturbances in the right extremities and hyperreflexia in the left extremities. The other patient was a 73-year-old man who presented with tetraparesis, walking disability, atrophy of the nuchal and bilateral shoulder muscles, and pain in the right C2 dermatome. INTERVENTION The extradural component of the tumor was removed first; next, the intradural component was removed successfully via the posterior approach combined with a C1–C2 laminectomy. The patients experienced symptomatic improvement without further deficits except for sensory impairment of the C2 dermatome in one of the patients. CONCLUSION Intradural-extradural dumbbell C2 schwannomas can be satisfactorily managed with a posterior approach. Removal of the extradural component and opening of the dural ring of the C2 nerve root are necessary for safe extraction of the intradural ventrally located component after debulking. These tumors may arise extradurally within the nerve sheath, extend intradurally and ventrally toward the spinal cord, and involve both sensory and motor rootlets.

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Fischer, Sigrid GL, and Roberto SGM Perez. "Complex Regional Pain Syndrome - Diagnosis, Treatment and Future Perspectives." European Neurological Review 6, no. 4 (2011): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/enr.2011.06.04.270.

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Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a pain syndrome of the extremities that can result in severe disability. CRPS is diagnosed using diagnostic Budapest criteria based on signs and symptoms, whereby sensory, autonomic, vasomotor, motor and trophic disturbances are assessed. Many pathophysiological mechanisms are proposed in the development and disease course of CRPS, starting with exaggerated inflammation and resulting in vascular deregulation, central sensitisation and cortical reorganisation. Treatment is based primarily on reducing inflammation by using medicinal anti-inflammatory therapy and increasing motor function by physiotherapy. Furthermore, pain reduction, normalisation of vasomotor and motor function, and psychological interventions might be needed. Future research should focus on the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy, effective rehabilitation programmes, modulating neuropathic pain and cortical reorganisation.

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Maalouly, Joseph, Dany Aouad, Hicham G. Abd El Nour, Alexandre Nehme, and Fouad Jabbour. "Isolated Congenital Absence of Lumbosacral Facet Joint." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2019 (February 12, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1465460.

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A congenital absence of the lumbar facet joint is a rare reported condition. This is the case of a 32-year-old male patient presenting with severe low back pain radiating to his right lower limb. Physical examination revealed no motor deficits, but right lower limb numbness was reported over dorsum aspect of the right foot. No other sensory or motor disturbances were reported or found on exam. Imaging studies, consisting of a spine MRI and spine CT scan with 3D reconstruction, revealed the absence of the right L5-S1 zygapophyseal joint. The patient was treated conservatively with resolution of his symptoms on one-month follow-up.

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Rieder, Carlos R. M., and Sofia C. Ziomkowski. "Head tremor and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS patients: report of two cases." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 63, no. 1 (March 2005): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2005000100027.

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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is caused by replication of JC virus in oligodendrocytes of immunocompromised patients. Common manifestations are focal motor and sensory deficits, gait abnormalities, speech and language disturbances, cognitive disorders, headache, and visual impairment. Although the occurrence of movement disorders is rare in PML, bradykinesia, rigidity, dystonia, myoclonic jerks and myoclonic ataxia have been described. Head tremor associated with PML has not been previously reported. We report two cases of PML in whom head tremor was present.

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Liceaga-Castro, Jesús Ulises, Irma Irasema Siller-Alcalá, Jesús Daniel González-San Román, and Roberto Alfonso Alcántara-Ramírez. "PI Speed Control with Reverse Motion of a Series DC Motor Based on the Noise Reduction Disturbance Observer." Actuators 11, no. 5 (April 21, 2022): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act11050117.

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In this paper, the speed control of a series DC motor is presented together with the electronics necessary to ensure inverse motion. The control law is based on the classical PI controller and the noise reduction disturbance observer (NRDOB). This control strategy allows the use of a linear approximation of the motor dynamics due to its excellent properties regarding model uncertainties, sensor noise, and external perturbations. Consequently, a linear model based on the nonlinear modelling with magnetic saturation of the motor is also presented. The NRDOB-based control frequency-domain approach allows for the treating of structured and unstructured disturbances in the spirit of classical control theory. Although PI controllers have proved to provide excellent performance and robustness for the speed control of series DC motor, it cannot cope, without affecting or reducing the performance, with the effects of sensor noise; moreover, to further improve the performance, especially in tracking conditions, it is necessary to design and implement a power driver capable of generating inverse motion. In addition, because NRDOB is in fact an internal model control strategy, a perfect match between process and model is not required. That is, contrary to the common belief that the NRDOB is a 2-DOF, it is in fact a 3-DOF control scheme. Based on these characteristics, it was possible to design and implement a robust high-performance speed control system with reverse motion for the non-linear series DC motor with not well-defined relative degree, together with the electronics required for the reverse motion which is fully described. This results in a control system capable of overcoming the problems generated by input disturbances and sensor noise, ensuring robustness and performance in tracking and regulation conditions. Real-time experimental results are included in support of the approach presented here.

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DeAndrade, Mark P., Russell L. Johnson, Erica L. Unger, Li Zhang, Thomas van Groen, Karen L. Gamble, and Yuqing Li. "Motor restlessness, sleep disturbances, thermal sensory alterations and elevated serum iron levels in Btbd9 mutant mice." Human Molecular Genetics 21, no. 18 (June 7, 2012): 3984–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/dds221.

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DE SCHEPPER, H. U., J. G. DE MAN, T. G. MOREELS, P. A. PELCKMANS, and B. Y. DE WINTER. "Review article: gastrointestinal sensory and motor disturbances in inflammatory bowel disease - clinical relevance and pathophysiological mechanisms." Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 27, no. 8 (January 22, 2008): 621–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03624.x.

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McCabe, C. S., H. Cohen, and D. R. Blake. "Somaesthetic disturbances in fibromyalgia are exaggerated by sensory motor conflict: implications for chronicity of the disease?" Rheumatology 46, no. 10 (August 27, 2007): 1587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kem204.

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Brun, Clémentine, Martin Gagné, Candida S. McCabe, and Catherine Mercier. "Motor and sensory disturbances induced by sensorimotor conflicts during passive and active movements in healthy participants." PLOS ONE 13, no. 8 (August 29, 2018): e0203206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203206.

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Kukurowski, Norbert, Marcin Pazera, and Marcin Witczak. "Fault-Tolerant Tracking Control for a Descriptor System under an Unknown Input Disturbances." Electronics 10, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10182247.

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The paper proposes a fault-tolerant tracking control scheme based on a robust observer for a descriptor system. Thus, it is assumed that the described system can be simultaneously occupied by an unknown input disturbance, along with an actuator and sensor faults. Additionally, it is natural to assume that the unknown input disturbance cannot be estimated, which makes the control process more difficult. Moreover, the proposed descriptor system is also occupied by external disturbances. Thus, the robust stability of the proposed control and estimation scheme was guaranteed by using H∞ performance. Consequently, the DC servo-motor laboratory system was used to confirm the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed fault-tolerant tracking control scheme.

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Surya, Herlinawati, Umi Murdika, and Renyep Proborini. "Characteristics of Ultrasonic Wave Dolphins for Autism Therapy." Electrician 9, no. 3 (September 8, 2015): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/elc.v9n3.176.

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Abstract— Autism has been neurobiology developmental disorder experienced by a person since birth or toddler that makes him unable to form social interaction and communication (language and speech), having emotional behavior problems, sensory and motoric disturbances and abnormal or delayed development. This condition leads people with autism to being insulated with other persons and entering the repetitive world, obsessive activities and interests. Autism therapy using dolphins to produce ultrasonic waves of certain frequencies can help aligning the work function of motor and sensory nerves of people with autism. Detection and analysis of the characteristics of ultrasonic waves generated by dolphins on several conditions required to remove the background noises created by water and breathing sound from a dolphin (hiss and noise reduction). Keyword – Autism, Neurobiology, Interaction, Sensory, Ultrasonic

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Fu, Chenglong, Jianmei Wang, Ken Chen, Zhangguo Yu, and Qiang Huang. "A walking control strategy combining global sensory reflex and leg synchronization." Robotica 34, no. 5 (July 31, 2014): 973–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574714002008.

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SUMMARYBiped walking can be regarded as a global limit cycle whose stability is difficult to verify by only local sensory feedback. This paper presents a control strategy combining global sensory reflex and leg synchronization. The inverted pendulum angle is utilized as global motion feedback to ensure global stability, and joint synchronization between legs is designed to stabilize bifurcations. The proposed strategy can achieve a stable gait and stabilize bifurcations. The robustness of this approach was evaluated against external disturbances. Walking experiments of a biped actuated by pneumatic muscles were conducted to confirm the validity of the proposed method. Instead of tracking predetermined trajectories, this method uses sensory reflexes to activate motor neurons and coincides with the biological idea wherein inessential degrees-of-freedom are barely controlled rather than strictly controlled.

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Arora, Palak, Jesni Joseph, Madhusudan Upadya, and Sonal Bhat. "Epidural Clonidine as an Adjuvant to Local Anesthetic in Lower Abdominal and Lower Limb Surgeries: A Randomised Controlled Study." Open Anesthesia Journal 14, no. 1 (February 14, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2589645802014010001.

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Background: Acute pain leads to adverse physiological and psychological disturbances. Hence, this study was done to evaluate and compare the onset and duration of sensory anesthesia, motor paralysis and duration of analgesia using 0.5% plain bupivacaine, with clonidine (2μg/kg) in patients posted for lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries under epidural anaesthesia. Materials and methods: 62 Patients posted for elective lower abdominal, gynaecological and lower limb surgeries under epidural anesthesia, aged 18 to 60 years, height more than 150 cms of ASA physical status 1 or 2 were included. All patients were randomized into two groups of 31 individuals each. Results: Clonidine in the dose of 2μg/kg added to bupivacaine injected into epidural space significantly prolonged the duration of analgesia when compared to bupivacaine alone. No effect on the onset of sensory and motor blockade was observed. However, it increases the duration of motor blockade. Clonidine also has effect on sedation level, pulse rate and mean arterial blood pressure. Conclusion: Clonidine causes increased sedation; fall in pulse rate and mean arterial blood pressure, which however, did not require active intervention in this study.

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Xu, Peng, Wei-Ming Gong, Yao Li, Tao Zhang, Kai Zhang, De-Zhen Yin, and Tang-Hong Jia. "Destructive pathological changes in the rat spinal cord due to chronic mechanical compression." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 8, no. 3 (March 2008): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi/2008/8/3/279.

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Object Chronic mechanical compression of the spinal cord, which is commonly caused by degeneration of the spine, impairs motor and sensory functions insidiously and progressively. Yet the exact mechanisms of chronic spinal cord compression (SCC) remain to be elucidated. To study the pathophysiology of this condition, the authors developed a simple animal experimental model that reproduced the clinical course of mechanical compression of the spinal cord. Methods A custom-designed compression device was implanted on the exposed spinal cord of female Wistar rats between the T-7 and T-9 vertebrae. A root canal screw attached to a plastic plate was tightened 1 complete turn (1 pitch) every 7 days for 6 weeks. The placement of the compression device and the degree of compression were validated every week using radiography. Furthermore, a motor sensory deficit index was also calculated every week. After 3, 6, 9, or 12 weeks, the compressed T7–9 spinal cords were harvested and examined histologically. Results Lateral projection of the thoracic spine showed a progressively increasing rate of mean spinal cord narrowing in the compression group. Motor and sensory deficiencies were observed from Week 3 onward; paralysis was observed in 2 rats at Week 12. Motor deficiency appeared earlier than sensory deficiency. Obvious pathological changes were observed starting at Week 6. The number of neurons in the gray matter of rats with chronic compression of the spinal cord decreased progressively in the 6- and 9-week compression groups. In the white matter, myelin destruction and loss of axons and glia were noted. The number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL)–positive neurons increased in the ventral-to-dorsal direction. The number of TUNEL-positive cells increased from Week 6 onward and peaked at Week 9. Conclusions This practical model accurately reproduces characteristic features of clinical chronic SCC, including progressive motor and sensory disturbances after a latency and insidious neuronal loss.

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Mohsen, Eshaq, and Elneny Hegazy. "Psychomotor Problems in Children: Early Detection of Sensory Disorders and Treatment." Journal Wetenskap Health 2, no. 1 (March 3, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.48173/jwh.v2i1.69.

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This article discusses psychomotor disorders in children, namely when developmental delays in terms of physical, emotional, social and slow communication skills. Disorders of child development can actually be detected from an early age, the development of gross motor skills, fine, cognitive, and language. As for the symptoms that occur when experiencing developmental disorders in children, the body and brain have difficulty processing and responding to sensory stimuli from the environment. Children with Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) often overreact or overreact in response to touch, sound, or food texture. However, sensory disturbances in children can be reduced and even treated with appropriate therapy. Generally, therapy sessions will focus on ways to help the child engage in activities that they are not normally better at. It also helps them to get used to and accept things that they cannot tolerate.

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Gleser, Jorge M., Meir Nyska, Shlomo Porat, Joseph Y. Margulies, Hava Mendelberg, and Eliahu Wertman. "Physical and Psychosocial Benefits of Modified Judo Practice for Blind, Mentally Retarded Children: A Pilot Study." Perceptual and Motor Skills 74, no. 3 (June 1992): 915–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.74.3.915.

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A modified form of judo training was practiced by a class of 7 blind, mentally retarded children with associated neuropsychiatric disturbances. The biweekly training program lasted for 6 months. Analysis indicated improvements in physical fitness, motor skills, and psychosocial attitude. The authors concluded that a modified form of judo can be used as a therapeutic, educational, and recreational tool for multiply handicapped children.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sensory and motor disturbances'

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