Journal articles: 'Sensors and systems (excl. communications)'

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Li-Ling Hung, Li-Ling Hung. "Intelligent Sensing for Internet of Things Systems." 網際網路技術學刊 23, no. 1 (January 2022): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/160792642022012301019.

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The Internet of things (IoT) has been used for many applications. These applications are accomplished by numerous sensors that detect and share information. When people use the detected information in an IoT system to improve the performance of services, also called the intelligence of the system, this type of IoT is named artificial intelligence of things. This paper proposes a model for improving the flexibility of sensors to enhance the intelligence of IoT. The model defines the quality levels of events and monitoring data for all types of monitoring. In the model, the data or events with different levels have different transmission priority. To reduce energy consumption of detection and transmission, the detecting period of sensors can be set to be longer when the monitored status is normal. In the model application, the sensors shorten the event detection and reaction times. Therefore, the efficiency of monitoring is enhanced. The evaluation demonstrates that the event detection and response times of the proposed mechanism are better than those of other mechanisms.

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Shang, Yi, Hongchi Shi, Ying Zhang, and Christophe Guettier. "Distributed systems of sensors and actuators." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 9, no. 3 (March 2009): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.752.

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Everard, J. K. A., and M. A. Page-Jones. "All-optical remote switching for multiplexed optical fiber sensors and communications systems." Journal of Lightwave Technology 13, no. 7 (July 1995): 1277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.400687.

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Briso-Rodríguez, César, Ke Guan, Yin Xuefeng, and Thomas Kürner. "Wireless Communications in Smart Rail Transportation Systems." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6802027.

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Railway, subway, airplane, and other transportation systems have drawn an increasing interest on the use of wireless communications for critical and noncritical services to improve performance, reliability, and passengers experience. Smart transportation systems require the use of critical communications for operation and control, and wideband services can be provided using noncritical communications. High speed train (HST) is one of the best test cases for the analysis of communication links and specification of the general requirements for train control and supervision, passenger communications, and onboard and infrastructure wireless sensors. In this paper, we analyze in detail critical and noncritical networks mainly using the HST as a test case. First, the different types of links for smart rail transportation are described, specifying the main requirements of the transportation systems, communications, and their applications for different services. Then, we propose a network architecture and requirements of the communication technologies for critical and noncritical data. Finally, an analysis is made for the future technologies, including the fifth-generation (5G) communications, millimeter wave (mmWave), terahertz (THz), and satellites for critical and high-capacity communications in transportation.

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Carramiñana, David, Iván Campaña, Luca Bergesio, Ana M. Bernardos, and Juan A. Besada. "Sensors and Communication Simulation for Unmanned Traffic Management." Sensors 21, no. 3 (January 30, 2021): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030927.

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Unmanned traffic management (UTM) systems will become a key enabler to the future drone market ecosystem, enabling the safe concurrent operation of both manned and unmanned aircrafts. Currently, these systems are usually tested by performing real scenarios that are costly, limited, hardly scalable, and poorly repeatable. As a solution, in this paper we propose an agent-based simulation platform, implemented through a micro service architecture, which may simulate UTM information sources, such as flight plans, telemetry messages, or tracks from a surveillance network. The final objective of this simulator is to use these information streams to perform a system-level evaluation of UTM systems both in the pre-flight and in-flight stages. The proposed platform, with a focus on simulation of communications and sensors, allows to model UTM actors’ behaviors and their interactions. In addition, it also considers the manual definition of events to simulate unexpected behaviors/events (contingencies), such as communications failures or pilots’ actions. In order to validate our architecture, we implemented a simulator that considers the following actors: drones, pilots, ground control stations, surveillance networks, and communications networks. This platform enables the simulation of the drone trajectory and control, the C2 (command and control) link, drone detection by surveillance sensors, and the communication of all agents by means of a mobile communications network. Our results show that it is possible to truthfully recreate complex scenarios using this simulator, mitigating the disadvantages of real testbeds.

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Tzoumas, Vasileios, Yuankun Xue, Sergio Pequito, Paul Bogdan, and George J. Pappas. "Selecting Sensors in Biological Fractional-Order Systems." IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems 5, no. 2 (June 2018): 709–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2018.2809959.

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REYNERI, L. M., M. CHIABERGE, and D. DEL CORSO. "USING COHERENT PULSE WIDTH AND EDGE MODULATIONS IN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL SYSTEMS." International Journal of Neural Systems 04, no. 04 (December 1993): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012906579300033x.

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This paper describes an existing silicon implementation of an artificial neural system based on coherent pulse width and edge modulation techniques. A chip set with different neural functions has been conceived, manufactured and tested. Neural circuits have been optimized for lowest computation energy and highest reconfigurability. The main device is a 32 × 32 synaptic array consuming 10 mW of power at 140 MCPS. Synapsis size is about 7.200 μ m 2 using a standard 1.5 μm CMOS technology. The problem of interfacing robotic sensors and actuators is addressed: voltage, current and resistance-based sensors are considered for the measurement of physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, strain, etc. Low resolution imaging sensors for robotic vision are also considered.

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Faye, Sébastien, Walter Bronzi, Ibrahim Tahirou, and Thomas Engel. "Characterizing user mobility using mobile sensing systems." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 13, no. 8 (August 2017): 155014771772631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147717726310.

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Recent technological advances and the ever-greater developments in sensing and computing continue to provide new ways of understanding our daily mobility. Smart devices such as smartphones or smartwatches can, for instance, provide an enhanced user experience based on different sets of built-in sensors that follow every user action and identify its environment. Monitoring solutions such as these, which are becoming more and more common, allows us to assess human behavior and movement at different levels. In this article, extended from previous work, we focus on the concept of human mobility and explore how we can exploit a dataset collected opportunistically from multiple participants. In particular, we study how the different sensor groups present in most commercial smart devices can be used to deliver mobility information and patterns. In addition to traditional motion sensors that are obviously important in this field, we are also exploring data from physiological and environmental sensors, including new ways of displaying, understanding, and analyzing data. Furthermore, we detail the need to use methods that respect the privacy of users and investigate the possibilities offered by network traces, including Wi-Fi and Bluetooth communication technologies. We finally offer a mobility assistant that can represent different user characteristics anonymously, based on a combination of Wi-Fi, activity data, and graph theory.

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He, Liang, Linghe Kong, Jun Tao, Jingdong Xu, and Jianping Pan. "On-Demand Mobile Data Collection in Cyber-Physical Systems." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5913981.

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The collection of sensory data is crucial for cyber-physical systems. Employing mobile agents (MAs) to collect data from sensors offers a new dimension to reduce and balance their energy consumption but leads to large data collection latency due to MAs’ limited velocity. Most existing research effort focuses on the offline mobile data collection (MDC), where the MAs collect data from sensors based on preoptimized tours. However, the efficiency of these offline MDC solutions degrades when the data generation of sensors varies. In this paper, we investigate the on-demand MDC; that is, MAs collect data based on the real-time data collection requests from sensors. Specifically, we construct queuing models to describe the First-Come-First-Serve-based MDC with a single MA and multiple MAs, respectively, laying a theoretical foundation. We also use three examples to show how such analysis guides online MDC in practice.

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Al-Lawati, Ali, and Hadj Bourdoucen. "Integration of FBG Strain Sensors in WDM Networks, Effects on Quality Factor." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2009): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol6iss1pp46-50.

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A study of the effect of integrating an FBG sensor in a four wavelength WDM communications system operating at 1550 nm is presented. The simulations considered focus on the mutual effects of both the sensing and the communications systems. The effect of power levels of the interrogating optical source on the performance of the two systems is also investigated under excitation levels of up to 10 dBm. The network layout used in the simulations is based on an actual optical link in Oman having a variety of spans. The results obtained at data rates of 2.5 and 10 Gbps with variable strains up to ±600 μs show a good tolerance in terms of quality of transmission for the two systems. However, the greater the strain values, the more noticeable are the degradations of transmission quality parameters of the communications system.

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De Fazio, Roberto, Vincenzo Mariano Mastronardi, Matteo Petruzzi, Massimo De Vittorio, and Paolo Visconti. "Human–Machine Interaction through Advanced Haptic Sensors: A Piezoelectric Sensory Glove with Edge Machine Learning for Gesture and Object Recognition." Future Internet 15, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi15010014.

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Human–machine interaction (HMI) refers to systems enabling communication between machines and humans. Systems for human–machine interfaces have advanced significantly in terms of materials, device design, and production methods. Energy supply units, logic circuits, sensors, and data storage units must be flexible, stretchable, undetectable, biocompatible, and self-healing to act as human–machine interfaces. This paper discusses the technologies for providing different haptic feedback of different natures. Notably, the physiological mechanisms behind touch perception are reported, along with a classification of the main haptic interfaces. Afterward, a comprehensive overview of wearable haptic interfaces is presented, comparing them in terms of cost, the number of integrated actuators and sensors, their main haptic feedback typology, and their future application. Additionally, a review of sensing systems that use haptic feedback technologies—specifically, smart gloves—is given by going through their fundamental technological specifications and key design requirements. Furthermore, useful insights related to the design of the next-generation HMI devices are reported. Lastly, a novel smart glove based on thin and conformable AlN (aluminum nitride) piezoelectric sensors is demonstrated. Specifically, the device acquires and processes the signal from the piezo sensors to classify performed gestures through an onboard machine learning (ML) algorithm. Then, the design and testing of the electronic conditioning section of AlN-based sensors integrated into the smart glove are shown. Finally, the architecture of a wearable visual-tactile recognition system is presented, combining visual data acquired by a micro-camera mounted on the user’s glass with the haptic ones provided by the piezoelectric sensors.

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Portosi, Vincenza, Dario Laneve, Mario Christian Falconi, and Francesco Prudenzano. "Advances on Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensors and Applications." Sensors 19, no. 8 (April 21, 2019): 1892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19081892.

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In this review paper some recent advances on optical sensors based on photonic crystal fibres are reported. The different strategies successfully applied in order to obtain feasible and reliable monitoring systems in several application fields, including medicine, biology, environment sustainability, communications systems are highlighted. Emphasis is given to the exploitation of integrated systems and/or single elements based on photonic crystal fibers employing Bragg gratings (FBGs), long period gratings (LPGs), interferometers, plasmon propagation, off-set spliced fibers, evanescent field and hollow core geometries. Examples of recent optical fiber sensors for the measurement of strain, temperature, displacement, air flow, pressure, liquid-level, magnetic field, and hydrocarbon detection are briefly described.

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Lo Bello, Lucia Lo, Gaetano Patti, and Luca Leonardi. "A Perspective on Ethernet in Automotive Communications—Current Status and Future Trends." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (January 18, 2023): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031278.

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Automated driving requires correct perception of the surrounding environment in any driving condition. To achieve this result, not only are many more sensors than in current Advanced Driver Assistant Systems (ADAS) needed, but such sensors are also of different types, such as radars, ultrasonic sensors, LiDARs, and video cameras. Given the high number of sensors and the bandwidth requirements of some of them, high-bandwidth automotive-grade networks are required. Ethernet technology is a suitable candidate, as it offers a broad selection of automotive-grade Ethernet physical layers, with transmission speeds ranging from 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps. In addition, the Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) family of standards offers several features for Ethernet-based networks that are suitable for automotive communications, such as high reliability, bounded delays, support for scheduled traffic, etc. In this context, this paper provides an overview of Ethernet-based in-car networking and discusses novel trends and future developments in automotive communications.

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Wang, Jing, In Soo Ahn, Yufeng Lu, Tianyu Yang, and Gennady Staskevich. "A Distributed Least-Squares Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks With Unknown and Limited Communications." International Journal of Handheld Computing Research 8, no. 3 (July 2017): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhcr.2017070102.

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In this article, the authors propose a new distributed least-squares algorithm to address the sensor fusion problem in using wireless sensor networks (WSN) to monitor the behaviors of large-scale multiagent systems. Under a mild assumption on network observability, that is, each sensor can take the measurements of a limited number of agents but the complete multiagent systems are covered under the union of all sensors in the network, the proposed algorithm achieves the estimation consensus if local information exchange can be performed among sensors. The proposed distributed least-squares algorithm can handle the directed communication network by explicitly estimating the left eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue of the sensing/communication matrix. The convergence of the proposed algorithm is analyzed, and simulation results are provided to further illustrate its effectiveness.

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Lacovara, Philip. "High-Bandwidth Underwater Communications." Marine Technology Society Journal 42, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533208786861326.

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The rapid exchange of data with underwater sensors and systems is increasingly valuable for oceanography, oil exploration and other investigations of undersea phenomena. This paper reviews the potential, as well as the limitations, of acoustic, radio-frequency electromagnetic, fiber-optical and free-space optical techniques for high-bandwidth, undersea communication. In particular, we discuss the environmental and hardware attributes that bound the performance of free-space optical communications in a variety of undersea scenarios. Free-space optical approaches are capable of providing data bandwidths approaching 109 bits per second (bps) under suitable environmental conditions. More commonly, 10-100 × 106 bps can be achieved over ranges approaching 100 meters. Turbid water and high-ambient light conditions (primarily from downwelling sunlight) pose a serious challenge to performance at moderate and long ranges.

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Benila S, Benila S., and Usha Bhanu N. Benila S. "Fog Managed Data Model for IoT based Healthcare Systems." 網際網路技術學刊 23, no. 2 (March 2022): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/160792642022032302003.

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In Internet of things enabled healthcare system, sensors create vast volumes of data that are analyzed in the cloud. Transferring data from the cloud to the application takes a long time. An effective infrastructure can reduce latency and costs by processing data in real-time and close to the user devices. Fog computing can solve this issue by reducing latency by storing, processing, and analyzing patient data at the network edge. Placing the resources at fog layer and scheduling tasks is quite challenging in Fog computing. This paper proposes a Fog Managed Data Model (FMDM) with three layers namely Sensor, Fog and cloud to solve the aforementioned issue. Sensors generate patient data and that are managed and processed by Fog and cloud layers. Tasks are scheduled using a Weighted Fog Priority Job Scheduling algorithm (WFPJS) and fog nodes are allocated based on Priority based Virtual Machine Classification Algorithm (PVCA). The performance of this model is validated with static scheduling techniques with variable patient counts and network configurations. The proposed FMDM with WFPJS reduces response time, total execution cost, network usage, network latency, computational latency and energy consumption.

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Fukatsu, Ryuichi, and Kei Sakaguchi. "Automated Driving with Cooperative Perception Using Millimeter-Wave V2V Communications for Safe Overtaking." Sensors 21, no. 8 (April 10, 2021): 2659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082659.

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The combination of onboard sensors on vehicles with wireless communication has great advantages over the conventional driving systems in terms of safety and reliability. This technique is often called cooperative perception. Cooperative perception is expected to compensate for blind spots in dynamic maps, which are caused by obstacles. Few blind spots in dynamic maps can improve the safety and reliability of driving thanks to the additional information beyond the sensing of the onboard sensors. In this paper, we analyzed the required sensor data rate to be exchanged for the cooperative perception in order to enable a new level of safe and reliable automated driving in overtaking scenario. The required sensor data rate was calculated by the combination of recognition and vehicle movement to adopt realistic assumptions. In the end of the paper, we compared the required sensor data rate with the outage data rate realized by the conventional V2V communication and millimeter-wave communication. The results showed the indispensability of millimeter-wave communications in automated driving systems.

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Clement Bellido, Juan. "Optical Fiber Sensors: Devices and Interrogation Methods." Revista Doctorado UMH 3, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/doctumh.v3i2.1446.

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The rise of optical fiber communications in the last three decades has been accompanied with the development of a large number of sensors based on this technology, overcoming in many aspects the characteris-tics of the current electrical sensing systems. Optical fiber sensors pro-vide a wealth of applications in a variety of fields, ranging from struc-tural health monitoring to detection of chemical species. In this article, after enumerating the principal benefits of optical fiber sensors, it is presented a review about the two key aspects of opti-cal fiber sensing system, namely the sensing devices and their interroga-tion methods, respectively. In both parts, the main devices and methods have been included. In the devices section, examples of single-point, multi-point and dis-tributed sensing elements are given. In the same way, a number of inter-rogation methods are briefly described, including standard spectral analysis, interferometry, and time-domain and frequency-domain meth-ods for both point and distributed optical fiber sensing systems.

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Jeong, Jae Yeol, and Ik Rae Jeong. "Efficient Cancelable Iris Template Generation for Wearable Sensors." Security and Communication Networks 2019 (July 3, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7473591.

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When biometric authentication is performed on On-Body Wearable Wireless Networks, a cancelable template is useful to protect biometric information. A cancelable template generation method converts the original biometric information into irreversibly transformed information to protect the original biometric information. If a cancelable template is damaged or leaked, it can be replaced with another cancelable template. In 2017, Dwivedi et al. proposed a novel cancelable iris template generation scheme based on the randomized look-up table mapping. So far their scheme is the most accurate scheme with respect to EER compared to the previous cancelable iris template generation schemes. However, their scheme is not alignment-free and so is not efficient enough for wearable sensors. In the paper, we first suggest how to improve the accuracy of the Dwivedi et al.’s scheme using the partial sort technique. Our experiment result shows that our suggested scheme is more accurate than the Dwivedi et al.’s scheme under almost all parameter settings. More concretely, our scheme achieves EER 0.09%, whereas the Dwivedi et al.’s scheme achieves EER 0.43% in the best parameter settings for the CASIA-V3-Interval iris database. We also suggest how to improve the efficiency of the Dwivedi et al.’s scheme. Our second scheme is alignment-free by processing IrisCode column-wise, whereas the Dwivedi et al.’s scheme handles IrisCode row-wise. Our experiment shows that our second scheme is 15 times faster than the Dwivedi et al.’s scheme, so our scheme is efficient enough for wearable sensors. Though our second scheme has very high EER under some parameter settings, our second scheme achieves EER 0.53% in the best parameter settings for the CASIA-V3-Interval iris database.

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Madjid, Kara, Olfa Lamouchi, Manolo Dulva Hina, and Amar Ramdane-Cherif. "A Fuzzy Logic-Based Method for Evaluating AAL Systems." International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 10, no. 4 (October 2019): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdst.2019100105.

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The Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) domain aims to support the daily life activities of elders, patients with chronic conditions, and disabled people. Several AAL platforms have been developed over the last two decades. Hence, there is a need to identify Quality Criteria (QC) and make it well defined in order to achieve the AAL system purposes. To be able to convince all stakeholders including both technologies and end users of AAL systems, high quality must be guaranteed. The goal of this article is to obtain a set of data quality characteristics that would be applicable to AAL system, and have its performance evaluated using sensors' data. To this end, this work uses the ISO/IEC 25012 and ISO/IEC 25010 standards to extract the most relevant criteria that are apt for AAL systems. As a result, an evaluation approach on an indoor localization platform was made, and an evaluation procedure has been established. This is done by first generating a hierarchical data quality model, and have it evaluated using the metrics, based on the sensors data and the concept of fuzzy logic.

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Zárraga-Rodríguez, Marta, Xabier Insausti, and Jesús Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez. "On the topology design of large wireless sensor networks for distributed consensus with low power consumption." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 15, no. 12 (December 2019): 155014771989674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147719896742.

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Sensor-based structural health monitoring systems are commonly used to provide real-time information and detect damage in complex structures. In particular, wireless structural health monitoring systems are of low cost but, since wireless sensors are powered with batteries, a low power consumption is critical. A common approach for wireless structural health monitoring is to use a distributed computation strategy, which is usually based on consensus algorithms. Power consumption in such wireless consensus networks depends on the number of connections of the network. If sensors are randomly connected, there is no control on the power consumption. In this article, we present a novel strategy to connect a large number of wireless sensors for distributed consensus with low power consumption by combining small networks with basic topologies using the Kronecker product.

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Zeng, Haini, and Qiping Zou. "Secure Analysis for IIOT Systems Using Hyperchaotic Image Encryption." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (June 24, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3664986.

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Like edge computing, intelligent cameras and image sensors are widely used in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT), including design and finished product quality inspection. However, the images generated by these sensors are constantly at risk of information leakage and privacy violations in the IIOT. Due to the involvement of third parties, traditional encryption algorithms are no longer adapted to image encryption for IIOT. In the context of the IIOT, an image encryption technology based on hyperchaotic systems and dynamic DNA coding is proposed. First, the image pixel position is scrambled by the hyperchaotic mapping index sequence, so that the image pixel matrix is dynamically DNA coded, and the base operation is performed on the given DNA sequence. Then, Keccak is used to calculate the hash value of the given DNA sequence as the initial value of the chaotic system and a certain number of base substitutions are performed on the DNA encoded pixel value according to the quaternary hyperchaotic sequence generated by the hyperchaotic system. Finally, ciphertext feedback and chaotic system iteration are used to further enhance the confusion and diffusion characteristics of the algorithm. The test results show that the algorithm not only has a large key space, strong sensitivity to keys, but also has strong resistance to exhaustive analysis attacks.

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Carpus, Eftalea, Angela Dorogan, Emilia Visileanu, Mircea Ignat, Gelu Onose, Dimitrie Nanu, Ioana Carpus, Maria Buzdugan, and Marcela Radu. "Accomplishing of Convergent Systems for Mobile Personalized Information Monitoring." Advances in Science and Technology 60 (September 2008): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.60.95.

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There is a critical need of integrating the basic electronics technologies, sensors, computers and communications into textiles, so that these, until now passive, to be able to be changed into interactive, intelligent information infrastructure in order to facilitate the personalized mobile information processing to the end user. A field with a special application potential of the intelligent textiles is the medical field. The paper will present a knitted textile product having an attached resistive sensor meant for monitoring the foetus heart rate during the intrauterine development period.

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Ilarri, Sergio, Ramón Hermoso, Raquel Trillo-Lado, and María del Carmen Rodríguez-Hernández. "A Review of the Role of Sensors in Mobile Context-Aware Recommendation Systems." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 11, no. 11 (January 2015): 489264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/489264.

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ZANCHETTIN, CLEBER, and TERESA B. LUDERMIR. "HYBRID NEURAL SYSTEMS FOR PATTERN RECOGNITION IN ARTIFICIAL NOSES." International Journal of Neural Systems 15, no. 01n02 (February 2005): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065705000141.

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This work examines the use of Hybrid Intelligent Systems in the pattern recognition system of an artificial nose. The connectionist approaches Multi-Layer Perceptron and Time Delay Neural Networks, and the hybrid approaches Feature-Weighted Detector and Evolving Neural Fuzzy Networks were investigated. A Wavelet Filter is evaluated as a preprocessing method for odor signals. The signals generated by an artificial nose were composed by an array of conducting polymer sensors and exposed to two different odor databases.

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Zaman, Fawad, Sungchang Lee, Mohamad K. A. Rahim, and Sarmadullah Khan. "Smart Antennas and Intelligent Sensors Based Systems: Enabling Technologies and Applications." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (July 14, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6475832.

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González-Cañete, Francisco Javier, and Eduardo Casilari. "Consumption Analysis of Smartphone based Fall Detection Systems with Multiple External Wireless Sensors." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 22, 2020): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030622.

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Fall Detection Systems (FDSs) based on wearable technologies have gained much research attention in recent years. Due to the networking and computing capabilities of smartphones, these widespread personal devices have been proposed to deploy cost-effective wearable systems intended for automatic fall detection. In spite of the fact that smartphones are natively provided with inertial sensors (accelerometers and gyroscopes), the effectiveness of a smartphone-based FDS can be improved if it also exploits the measurements collected by small low-power wireless sensors, which can be firmly attached to the user’s body without causing discomfort. For these architectures with multiple sensing points, the smartphone transported by the user can act as the core of the FDS architecture by processing and analyzing the data measured by the external sensors and transmitting the corresponding alarm whenever a fall is detected. In this context, the wireless communications with the sensors and with the remote monitoring point may impact on the general performance of the smartphone and, in particular, on the battery lifetime. In contrast with most works in the literature (which disregard the real feasibility of implementing an FDS on a smartphone), this paper explores the actual potential of current commercial smartphones to put into operation an FDS that incorporates several external sensors. This study analyzes diverse operational aspects that may influence the consumption (as the use of a GPS sensor, the coexistence with other apps, the retransmission of the measurements to an external server, etc.) and identifies practical scenarios in which the deployment of a smartphone-based FDS is viable.

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Ma, Wei, Zhihui Xin, Licun Sun, and Jun Zhang. "Image Speckle Denoising for Securing Internet of Smart Sensors." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (November 18, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2610887.

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How to improve utility performance when securing sensitive data is an important research problem in Internet of smart sensors. In this paper, we study secured image speckle denoising for networked synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Speckle noise of SAR affects image quality and has a great influence on target detection and recognition. MSTAR dataset is often used in image target recognition. In this paper, a subregion-based method is proposed in order to improve the accuracy of target recognition and better retain target information while filtering and denoising the image. The new method applies advanced encryption techniques to protect sensitive data against malicious attack. Firstly, the image is divided into marked areas and unmarked areas through edge extraction and hole filling. Secondly, we use different size windows and filtering methods to filter the image in different areas. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has obvious advantages over MR-NLM, SSIM-NLM, Frost, and BM3D filtering in terms of equivalent view number and preserving edge and structure.

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Garriga, Martin, Koen Aarns, Christos Tsigkanos, Damian A. Tamburri, and Wjan Van Den Heuvel. "DataOps for Cyber-Physical Systems Governance: The Airport Passenger Flow Case." ACM Transactions on Internet Technology 21, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3432247.

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Recent advancements in information technology have ushered a new wave of systems integrating Internet technology with sensing, wireless communication, and computational resources over existing infrastructures. As a result, myriad complex, non-traditional Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) have emerged, characterized by interaction among people, physical facilities, and embedded sensors and computers, all generating vast amounts of complex data. Such a case is encountered within a contemporary airport hall setting: passengers roaming, information systems governing various functions, and data being generated and processed by cameras, phones, sensors, and other Internet of Things technology. This setting has considerable potential of contributing to goals entertained by the CPS operators, such as airlines, airport operators/owners, technicians, users, and more. We model the airport setting as an instance of such a complex, data-intensive CPS where multiple actors and data sources interact, and generalize a methodology to support it and other similar systems. Furthermore, this article instantiates the methodology and pipeline for predictive analytics for passenger flow, as a characteristic manifestation of such systems requiring a tailored approach. Our methodology also draws from DataOps principles, using multi-modal and real-life data to predict the underlying distribution of the passenger flow on a flight-level basis (improving existing day-level predictions), anticipating when and how the passengers enter the airport and move through the check-in and baggage drop-off process. This allows to plan airport resources more efficiently while improving customer experience by avoiding passenger clumping at check-in and security. We demonstrate results obtained over a case from a major international airport in the Netherlands, improving up to 60% upon predictions of daily passenger flow currently in place.

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Dudu, Laurențiu-Bogdan, Florin Popescu, and Petrică Ciotîrnae. "Command and Control Systems for Video Sensors Communications Based on Python Application for Mobile Smart Devices." Journal of Military Technology 2, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32754/jmt.2019.2.01.

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Jiménez, Felipe, José Naranjo, Sofía Sánchez, Francisco Serradilla, Elisa Pérez, Maria Hernández, and Trinidad Ruiz. "Communications and Driver Monitoring Aids for Fostering SAE Level-4 Road Vehicles Automation." Electronics 7, no. 10 (October 2, 2018): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7100228.

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Road vehicles include more and more assistance systems that perform tasks to facilitate driving and make it safer and more efficient. However, the automated vehicles currently on the market do not exceed SAE level 2 and only in some cases reach level 3. Nevertheless, the qualitative and technological leap needed to reach level 4 is significant and numerous uncertainties remain. In this sense, a greater knowledge of the environment is needed for better decision making and the role of the driver changes substantially. This paper proposes the combination of cooperative systems with automated driving to offer a wider range of information to the vehicle than on-board sensors currently provide. This includes the actual deployment of a cooperative corridor on a highway. It also takes into account that in some circumstances or scenarios, pre-set or detected by on-board sensors or previous communications, the vehicle must hand back control to the driver, who may have been performing other tasks completely unrelated to supervising the driving. It is thus necessary to assess the driver’s condition as regards retaking control and to provide assistance for a safe transition.

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Agarwal, Anshul, and Krithi Ramamritham. "A Novel Approach for Deploying Minimum Sensors in Smart Buildings." ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3477929.

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Buildings, viewed as cyber-physical systems, become smart by deploying Building Management Systems (BMS). They should be aware about the state and environment of the building. This is achieved by developing a sensing system that senses different interesting factors of the building, called as “facets of sensing.” Depending on the application, different facets need to be sensed at various locations. Existing approaches for sensing these facets consist of deploying sensors at all the places so they can be sensed directly. But installing numerous sensors often aggravate the issues of user inconvenience, cost of installation and maintenance, and generation of e-waste. This article proposes how intelligently using the existing information can help to estimate the facets in cyber-physical systems like buildings, thereby reducing the sensors to be deployed. In this article, an optimization framework has been developed, which optimally deploys sensors in a building such that it satisfies BMS requirements with minimum number of sensors. The proposed solution is applied to real-world scenarios with cyber-physical systems. The results indicate that the proposed optimization framework is able to reduce the number of sensors by 59% and 49% when compared to the baseline and heuristic approach, respectively.

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De Freitas, Edison Pignaton, Tales Heimfarth, Rodrigo Schmidt Allgayer, Flávio Rech Wagner, Tony Larsson, Carlos Eduardo Pereira, and Armando Morado Ferreira. "Coordinating Aerial Robots and Unattended Ground Sensors for Intelligent Surveillance Systems." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 5, no. 1 (March 10, 2010): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2010.1.2464.

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Sensor networks are being used to implement different types of sophisticated emerging applications, such as those aimed at supporting ambient intelligence and surveillance systems. This usage is enhanced by employing sensors with different characteristics in terms of sensing, computing and mobility capabilities, working cooperatively in the network. However, the design and deployment of these heterogeneous systems present several issues that have to be handled in order to meet the user expectations. The main problems are related to the nodes‘ interoperability and the overall resource allocation, both inter and intra nodes. The first problem requires a common platform that abstracts the nodes’ heterogeneity and provides a smooth communication, while the second is handled by cooperation mechanisms supported by the platform. Moreover, as the nodes are supposed to be heterogeneous, a customizable platform is required to support both resource rich and poorer nodes. This paper analyses surveillance systems based on a heterogeneous sensor network, which is composed by lowend ground sensor nodes and autonomous aerial robots, i.e. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), carrying different kinds of sensors. The approach proposed in this work tackles the two above mentioned problems by using a customizable hardware platform and a middleware to support interoperability. Experimental results are also provided.

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M’halla, Anis, Nabil Jerbi, Simon Collart Dutilleul, Etienne Craye, and Mohamed Benrejeb. "Fuzzy Filtering of Sensors Signals in Manufacturing Systems with Time Constraints." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2010.3.2488.

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The presented work is dedicated to the supervision of manufacturing job-shops with time constraints. Such systems have a robustness property towards time disturbances. The main contribution of this paper is a fuzzy filtering approach of sensors signals integrating the robustness values. This new approach integrates a classic filtering mechanism of sensors signals and fuzzy logic techniques. The strengths of these both techniques are taken advantage of the avoidance of control freezing and the capability of fuzzy systems to deal with imprecise information by using fuzzy rules. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of this new approach, an example is depicted. The results show that the fuzzy approach allows keeping on producing, but in a degraded mode, while providing the guarantees of quality and safety based on expert knowledge integration.

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Hong, Bo, and Viktor K. Prasanna. "Maximum Data Gathering in Networked Sensor Systems." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 1, no. 1 (February 2005): 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15501320590901847.

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We focus on data gathering problems in energy-constrained networked sensor systems. We study store-and-gather problems where data are locally stored at the sensors before the data gathering starts, and continuous sensing and gathering problems that model time critical applications. We show that these problems reduce to maximization of network flow under vertex capacity constraint. This flow problem in turn reduces to a standard network flow problem. We develop a distributed and adaptive algorithm to optimize data gathering. This algorithm leads to a simple protocol that coordinates the sensor nodes in the system. Our approach provides a unified framework to study a variety of data gathering problems in networked sensor systems. The performance of the proposed method is illustrated through simulations.

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Lu, Xi, Edison Thomaz, and Daniel A. Epstein. "Understanding People's Perceptions of Approaches to Semi-Automated Dietary Monitoring." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 6, no. 3 (September 6, 2022): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3550288.

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The respective benefits and drawbacks of manual food journaling and automated dietary monitoring (ADM) suggest the value of semi-automated journaling systems combining the approaches. However, the current understanding of how people anticipate strategies for implementing semi-automated food journaling systems is limited. We therefore conduct a speculative survey study with 600 responses, examining how people anticipate approaches to automatic capture and prompting for details. Participants feel the location and detection capability of ADM sensors influences anticipated physical, social, and privacy burdens. People more positively anticipate prompts which contain information relevant to their journaling goals, help them recall what they ate, and are quick to respond to. Our work suggests a tradeoff between ADM systems' detection performance and anticipated acceptability, with sensors on facial areas having higher performance but lower acceptability than sensors in other areas and more usable prompting methods like those containing specific foods being more challenging to produce than manual reminders. We suggest opportunities to improve higher-acceptability, lower-accuracy ADM sensors, select approaches based on individual and practitioner journaling needs, and better describe capabilities to potential users.

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Zhirabok, A. N., and Kim Chkhun Ir. "Virtual Sensors for the Functional Diagnosis of Nonlinear Systems." Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International 61, no. 1 (January 2022): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064230722010130.

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Cianca, Ernestina, Mauro De Sanctis, and Simone Di Domenico. "Radios as Sensors." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 4, no. 2 (April 2017): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2016.2563399.

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Jalbani, Khuda Bux, Muhammad Yousaf, Muhammad Shahzad Sarfraz, Rozita Jamili Oskouei, Akhtar Hussain, and Zojan Memon. "Poor Coding Leads to DoS Attack and Security Issues in Web Applications for Sensors." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (May 19, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5523806.

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As the SQL injection attack is still at the top of the list at Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) for more than one decade, this type of attack created too many types of issues for a web application, sensors, or any similar type of applications, such as leakage of user private data and organization intellectual property, or may cause Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. This paper focused on the poor coding or invalidated input field which is a big cause of services unavailability for web applications. Secondly, it focused on the selection of program created issues for the WebSocket connections between sensors and the webserver. The number of users is growing to use web applications and mobile apps. These web applications or mobile apps are used for different purposes such as tracking vehicles, banking services, online stores for shopping, taxi booking, logistics, education, monitoring user activities, collecting data, or sending any instructions to sensors, and social websites. Web applications are easy to develop with less time and at a low cost. Due to that, business community or individual service provider’s first choice is to have a website and mobile app. So everyone is trying to provide 24/7 services to its users without any downtime. But there are some critical issues of web application design and development. These problems are leading to too many security loopholes for web servers, web applications, and its user’s privacy. Because of poor coding and validation of input fields, these web applications are vulnerable to SQL Injection and other security problems. Instead of using the latest third-party frameworks, language for website development, and version database server, another factor to disturb the services of a web server may be the socket programming for sensors at the production level. These sensors are installed in vehicles to track or use them for booking mobile apps.

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Mulvaney, David, Bryan Woodward, Sekharjit Datta, Paul Harvey, Anoop Vyas, Bhaskar Thakker, Omar Farooq, and Robert Istepanian. "Monitoring Heart Disease and Diabetes with Mobile Internet Communications." International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/195970.

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A telemedicine system is described for monitoring vital signs and general health indicators of patients with cardiac and diabetic conditions. Telemetry from wireless sensors and readings from other instruments are combined into a comprehensive set of measured patient parameters. Using a combination of mobile device applications and web browser, the data can be stored, accessed, and displayed using mobile internet communications to the central server. As an extra layer of security in the data transmission, information embedded in the data is used in its verification. The paper highlights features that could be enhanced from previous systems by using alternative components or methods.

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Arroyo, Patricia, José Luis Herrero, Jesús Lozano, and Pablo Montero. "Integrating LoRa-Based Communications into Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Data Acquisition from Terrestrial Beacons." Electronics 11, no. 12 (June 13, 2022): 1865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11121865.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a paradigm that has rapidly evolved in recent years. The ability to connect many devices is driving the development of new types of applications that allow the remote monitoring of a wide variety of devices. One of the great challenges that has been identified in this field is the monitoring of sensors scattered in wide areas or located in environments with poor or even no communications coverage. To deal with this problem, different approaches based on cellular or satellite communications have been considered. However, these alternatives are complex and very expensive. To overcome these drawbacks, we designed a system based on unmanned aerial vehicles and LoRa technology that enables data transfer from sensors to a central system. Furthermore, machine learning techniques were applied to process and classify the data retrieved from the sensors. Finally, a Java-based application was developed, providing services such as data storage, processing, and visualization. To verify the correct operation of the proposed system, manual and autonomous flight tests were carried out, verifying the correct transmission of the data from the sensors to the central system.

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ZHANG, Jing, Zhong MA, Sheng LI, LiJia PAN, and Yi SHI. "Recent research progress in biomimetic tactile sensors." SCIENTIA SINICA Technologica 50, no. 1 (December 16, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/sst-2019-0204.

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Sabban, Albert. "Wearable Circular Polarized Antennas for Health Care, 5G, Energy Harvesting, and IoT Systems." Electronics 11, no. 3 (January 30, 2022): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030427.

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Novel circular polarized sensors and antennas for biomedical systems, energy harvesting, Internet of Things (IoT), and 5G devices are presented in this article. The major challenge in development of healthcare, IoT, 5G and communication systems is the evaluation of circular polarized active and passive wearable antennas. Moreover, a low-cost wearable sensor may be evaluated by printing the microstrip antenna with the sensor feed network and the active devices on the same substrate. Design considerations, comparison between simulation and measured results of compact circular polarized efficient sensors for wireless, 5G, energy harvesting, IoT, and medical systems are highlighted in this article. The electrical performance of the novel sensors and antennas on and near the user body were evaluated by employing electromagnetic software. Efficient passive and active metamaterial circular polarized antennas and sensors were developed to improve the system electrical performance. The wearable compact circular polarized passive and active sensors are efficient, flexible, and low-cost. The frequency range of the resonators, without Circular Split-Ring Resonators CSRRs, is higher by 4% to 10% than the resonators with CSRRs. The gain of the circular polarized antennas without CSRRs is lower by 2 dB to 3 dB than the resonators with CSRRs. The gain of the new passive antennas with CSRRs is around 7 dBi to 8.4 dBi. The bandwidth of the new circular polarized antennas with CSRRs is around 10% to 20%. The sensors VSWR is better than 3:1. The passive and active efficient metamaterials antennas improve the system performance.

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Khalid, Aaqib, Tariq Umer, Muhammad Khalil Afzal, Sheraz Anjum, Adnan Sohail, and Hafiz Muhammad Asif. "Autonomous data driven surveillance and rectification system using in-vehicle sensors for intelligent transportation systems (ITS)." Computer Networks 139 (July 2018): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2018.04.008.

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IGLESIAS, JOSE ANTONIO, PLAMEN ANGELOV, AGAPITO LEDEZMA, and ARACELI SANCHIS. "HUMAN ACTIVITY RECOGNITION BASED ON EVOLVING FUZZY SYSTEMS." International Journal of Neural Systems 20, no. 05 (October 2010): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065710002462.

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Environments equipped with intelligent sensors can be of much help if they can recognize the actions or activities of their users. If this activity recognition is done automatically, it can be very useful for different tasks such as future action prediction, remote health monitoring, or interventions. Although there are several approaches for recognizing activities, most of them do not consider the changes in how a human performs a specific activity. We present an automated approach to recognize daily activities from the sensor readings of an intelligent home environment. However, as the way to perform an activity is usually not fixed but it changes and evolves, we propose an activity recognition method based on Evolving Fuzzy Systems.

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Seol, Dae-Young, Hyoung-Jin Lim, Moon-Gun Song, and Gi-Hong Im. "Improved parameter estimation with threshold adaptation of cognitive local sensors." Journal of Communications and Networks 14, no. 5 (October 2012): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jcn.2012.00003.

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Matsuo, Keita, and Leonard Barolli. "IoT sensors management system using Agile-Kanban and its application for weather measurement and electric wheelchair management." International Journal of Web Information Systems 16, no. 3 (July 22, 2020): 281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwis-06-2020-0036.

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Purpose Recently, Internet of Things (IoT) devices and sensors are rapidly increasing in the word. They are connecting to the internet and are generating vast packets in the network. Thus, the networks could be congested, and the performance will degrade. For this reason, it is important to decrease the number of transmitted packets. Agile is a technique to develop the software and manage the work efficiently. Kanban is a method to support Agile development. The purpose of this paper is to propose an IoT sensors management system considering Agile–Kanban and show its application for weather measurement and electric wheelchair management. Design/methodology/approach The authors present the design and implementation of two systems and show the measurement device, data communication failure and experimental results. Findings The proposed Agile–Kanban system can manage a large amount of IoT sensors and can decrease the IoT sensor’s consumption power thus increasing the IoT sensor lifetime. Originality/value By experimental results, the authors have shown that the proposed systems have good performance and can control the IoT devices efficiently.

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Zheng, Yani, Gaurav Dhiman, Ashutosh Sharma, Amit Sharma, and Mohd Asif Shah. "An IoT-Based Water Level Detection System Enabling Fuzzy Logic Control and Optical Fiber Sensor." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (August 27, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4229013.

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The usage of wireless sensors has become widespread for the collection of data for various Internet of Things (IoT) products. Specific wireless sensors use optical fiber technology as transmission media and lightwave signals as carriers, showing the advantages of antielectromagnetic interference, high sensitivity, and strong reliability. Hence, their application in IoT systems becomes a research hotspot. In this article, multiple optical fiber sensors are constructed as an IoT detection system, and a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/Internet Protocol (IP) communication stack is used for the sensor module. Furthermore, design of gateway module, data server, and monitoring module is established in order to run the data server in the Windows system and communicate across the network segments. Furthermore, the optical fiber sensor is connected to the development board with WiFi, meanwhile considering the optical fiber wireless network’s congestion problem. The fuzzy logic concept is introduced from the perspective of cache occupancy, and a fiber sensor’s network congestion control algorithm is proposed. In the experiment, the IoT detection system with multiple optical fiber sensors is used for water level detection, and the sensor’s real-time data detected by the User Interface (UI) are consistent with the feedback results. The proposed method is also compared with the SenTCP algorithm and the CODA algorithm, and it was observed that the proposed network congestion control algorithm based on the fuzzy logic can improve network throughput and reduce the network data packet loss.

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Tawiah, Thomas Andzi-Quainoo. "A review of algorithms and techniques for image-based recognition and inference in mobile robotic systems." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 17, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 172988142097227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881420972278.

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Autonomous vehicles include driverless, self-driving and robotic cars, and other platforms capable of sensing and interacting with its environment and navigating without human help. On the other hand, semiautonomous vehicles achieve partial realization of autonomy with human intervention, for example, in driver-assisted vehicles. Autonomous vehicles first interact with their surrounding using mounted sensors. Typically, visual sensors are used to acquire images, and computer vision techniques, signal processing, machine learning, and other techniques are applied to acquire, process, and extract information. The control subsystem interprets sensory information to identify appropriate navigation path to its destination and action plan to carry out tasks. Feedbacks are also elicited from the environment to improve upon its behavior. To increase sensing accuracy, autonomous vehicles are equipped with many sensors [light detection and ranging (LiDARs), infrared, sonar, inertial measurement units, etc.], as well as communication subsystem. Autonomous vehicles face several challenges such as unknown environments, blind spots (unseen views), non-line-of-sight scenarios, poor performance of sensors due to weather conditions, sensor errors, false alarms, limited energy, limited computational resources, algorithmic complexity, human–machine communications, size, and weight constraints. To tackle these problems, several algorithmic approaches have been implemented covering design of sensors, processing, control, and navigation. The review seeks to provide up-to-date information on the requirements, algorithms, and main challenges in the use of machine vision–based techniques for navigation and control in autonomous vehicles. An application using land-based vehicle as an Internet of Thing-enabled platform for pedestrian detection and tracking is also presented.

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Zaman, Fawad, Hing Cheung So, Daehan Kwak, Farman Ullah, and Sungchang Lee. "Smart Antennas and Intelligent Sensors Based Systems: Enabling Technologies and Applications, 2020." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (May 19, 2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9820571.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sensors and systems (excl. communications)'

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