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Journal articles on the topic "Sensors and actuators placement":
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CHEN, KEVIN K., and CLARENCE W. ROWLEY. "H2 optimal actuator and sensor placement in the linearised complex Ginzburg–Landau system." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 681 (June 20, 2011): 241–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.195.
The linearised complex Ginzburg–Landau equation is a model for the evolution of small fluid perturbations, such as in a bluff body wake. By implementing actuators and sensors and designing an H2 optimal controller, we control a supercritical, infinite-domain formulation of this system. We seek the optimal actuator and sensor placement that minimises the H2 norm of the controlled system, from flow disturbances and sensor noise to a cost on the perturbation and input magnitudes. We formulate the gradient of the H2 squared norm with respect to the actuator and sensor placements and iterate towards the optimal placement. When stochastic flow disturbances are present everywhere in the spatial domain, it is optimal to place the actuator just upstream of the origin and the sensor just downstream. With pairs of actuators and sensors, it is optimal to place each actuator slightly upstream of each corresponding sensor, and scatter the pairs throughout the spatial domain. When disturbances are only introduced upstream, the optimal placement shifts upstream as well. Global mode and Gramian analyses fail to predict the optimal placement; they produce H2 norms about five times higher than at the true optimum. The wavemaker region is a better guess for the optimal placement.
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Šolek, Peter, and Marek Maták. "An Active Control of the Thin-Walled Mechanical Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 611 (August 2014): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.611.22.
This article deals with the influence of optimal actuator and sensor placement on the active control of thin-walled mechanical systems. The approach used for optimal actuator and sensor placement is based on the evaluation norms and. The optimal actuator and sensor placement satisfied the requirements on the controllability, observability and spillover prevention. The investigation of the optimal placement of actuators and sensors is demonstrated on the active vibration of the thin-walled two dimensional mechanical systems.
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Mersch, Johannes, Najmeh Keshtkar, Henriette Grellmann, Carlos Alberto Gomez Cuaran, Mathis Bruns, Andreas Nocke, Chokri Cherif, Klaus Röbenack, and Gerald Gerlach. "Integrated Temperature and Position Sensors in a Shape-Memory Driven Soft Actuator for Closed-Loop Control." Materials 15, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15020520.
Soft actuators are a promising option for the advancing fields of human-machine interaction and dexterous robots in complex environments. Shape memory alloy wire actuators can be integrated into fiber rubber composites for highly deformable structures. For autonomous, closed-loop control of such systems, additional integrated sensors are necessary. In this work, a soft actuator is presented that incorporates fiber-based actuators and sensors to monitor both deformation and temperature. The soft actuator showed considerable deformation around two solid body joints, which was then compared to the sensor signals, and their correlation was analyzed. Both, the actuator as well as the sensor materials were processed by braiding and tailored fiber placement before molding with silicone rubber. Finally, the novel fiber-rubber composite material was used to implement closed-loop control of the actuator with a maximum error of 0.5°.
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Seyed Sakha, Masoud, and Hamid Reza Shaker. "Optimal sensors and actuators placement for large-scale unstable systems via restricted genetic algorithm." Engineering Computations 34, no. 8 (November 6, 2017): 2582–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-04-2016-0138.
Purpose One of the fundamental problems in control systems engineering is the problem of sensors and actuators placement. Decisions in this context play a key role in the success of control process. The methods developed for optimal placement of the sensors and actuators are known to be computationally expensive. The computational burden is significant, in particular, for large-scale systems. The purpose of this paper is to improve and extend the state-of-the-art methods within this field. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, a new technique is developed for placing sensor and actuator in large-scale systems by using restricted genetic algorithm (RGA). RGA is a kind of genetic algorithm which is developed specifically for sensors and actuator placement. Findings Unlike its other counterparts, the proposed method not only supports unstable systems but also requires significantly lower computations. The numerical investigations have confirmed the advantages of the proposed methods which are clearly significant, in particular, in dealing with large-scale unstable systems. Originality/value The proposed method is novel, and compared to the methods which have already been presented in literature is more general and numerically more efficient.
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Johnson, Marty E., Luiz P. Nascimento, Mary Kasarda, and Chris R. Fuller. "The Effect of Actuator and Sensor Placement on the Active Control of Rotor Unbalance." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 125, no. 3 (June 18, 2003): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1569946.
This paper investigates both theoretically and experimentally the effect of the location and number of sensors and magnetic bearing actuators on both global and local vibration reduction along a rotor using a feedforward control scheme. Theoretical approaches developed for the active control of beams have been shown to be useful as simplified models for the rotor scenario. This paper also introduces the time-domain LMS feedforward control strategy, used widely in the active control of sound and vibration, as an alternative control methodology to the frequency-domain feedforward approaches commonly presented in the literature. Results are presented showing that for any case where the same number of actuators and error sensors are used there can be frequencies at which large increases in vibration away from the error sensors can occur. It is also shown that using a larger number of error sensors than actuators results in better global reduction of vibration but decreased local reduction. Overall, the study demonstrated that an analysis of actuator and sensor locations when feedforward control schemes are used is necessary to ensure that harmful increased vibrations do not occur at frequencies away from rotor-bearing natural frequencies or at points along the rotor not monitored by error sensors.
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Soman, Rohan, Kaleeswaran Balasubramaniam, Ali Golestani, Michał Karpiński, Pawel Malinowski, and Wieslaw Ostachowicz. "Actuator placement optimization for guided waves based structural health monitoring using fibre Bragg grating sensors." Smart Materials and Structures 30, no. 12 (November 1, 2021): 125011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac31c4.
Abstract Structural health monitoring (SHM) systems have a potential to reduce lifecycle costs of structures. They may be used for maintenance planning which reduces the maintenance cost as well as for lifetime extension. As a result, there is a lot of active research in the area for SHM of civil and mechanical structures. The SHM system should be low cost, suitable for continuous monitoring, able to detect small levels of damage. Guided waves (GW) based SHM techniques allow monitoring of large plate-like structures with few sensors and have been identified as the most promising of techniques for SHM. Several different actuators and sensors have been developed and used for the GW based SHM. FBG sensors due to their low weight, and ability to be multiplexed have been long thought to be an ideal sensors for SHM. The recent development of the edge filtering approach has increased their sensitivity to GW sensing and made them ideal sensors. Unfortunately the FBG sensors are passive sensors and show directional sensitivity. These operational constraints make extension of the earlier developed GW based SHM techniques for FBG sensors difficult. Recently the authors developed a technique for damage detection specifically designed for a network with FBG sensors. This paper develops a methodology for a design of an actuator-sensor (AS) network for improving the damage assessment capability using the developed method. The paper develops a two-step methodology for the optimization of actuator placement for an AS network with FBG sensors. In the first step the number of actuators needed for the optimization are determined based on actuator densities. Once the number of actuators is known, a genetic algorithm (GA) is developed for the optimization of the their positions. The cost function is developed based on two new metrics (namely coverage2—coverage with at least 2 AS pairs and coverageR—radial coverage based on edge reflections) which are defined by the application demand. The optimized placement is then used to successfully detect and localize the damage. The study also shows the merit in the use of the specific metrics and the sufficiency of the metrics developed for improving the damage detection capability of the specific method.
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Heck, L. P., J. A. Olkin, and K. Naghshineh. "Transducer Placement for Broadband Active Vibration Control Using a Novel Multidimensional QR Factorization." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 120, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2893881.
This paper advances the state of the art in the selection of minimal configurations of sensors and actuators for active vibration control with smart structures. The method extends previous transducer selection work by (1) presenting a unified treatment of the selection and placement of large numbers of both sensors and actuators in a smart structure, (2) developing computationally efficient techniques to select the best sensor-actuator pairs for multiple unknown force disturbances exciting the structure, (3) selecting the best sensors and actuators over multiple frequencies, and (4) providing bounds on the performance of the transducer selection algorithms. The approach is based on a novel, multidimensional extension of the Householder QR factorization algorithm applied to the frequency response matrices that define the vibration control problem. The key features of the algorithm are its very low computational complexity, and a computable bound that can be used to predict whether the transducer selection algorithm will yield an optimal configuration before completing the search. Optimal configurations will result from the selection method when the bound is tight, which is the case for many practical vibration control problems. This paper presents the development of the method, as well as its application in active vibration control of a plate.
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GAWRONSKI, W. "SIMULTANEOUS PLACEMENT OF ACTUATORS AND SENSORS." Journal of Sound and Vibration 228, no. 4 (December 1999): 915–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1999.2466.
Nandy, Animesh, Debabrata Chakraborty, and Mahesh S. Shah. "Optimal Sensors/Actuators Placement in Smart Structure Using Island Model Parallel Genetic Algorithm." International Journal of Computational Methods 16, no. 06 (May 27, 2019): 1840018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876218400182.
Determination of optimal placements of sensors/actuators in large structures is a difficult job as large number of possible combinations leads to a very high computational time and storage. Therefore, this kind of optimization problem demands a parallel implementation of the optimization schemes. Island model genetic algorithm (GA) being inherently parallel has been used for searching optimal placements of collocated sensors/actuators. Numerical simulations have been done for determination of optimal placements of collocated PZT sensors and actuators in smart fiber reinforced shell structures using island model parallel GA (IMPGA) in conjunction with electro-mechanical finite element analysis with an objective of maximizing the controllability index. It has been observed that the present IMPGA-based formulation (due to its migration scheme) not only makes it possible to determine optimal sensors/actuators locations for large structures but also leads to a better solution at a much reduced and achievable computational time. Results from scalability analysis also show that the efficacy of the present method of using IMPGA for determination of optimal sensors/actuators location based on FEA will be more pronounced when actually used for real life problems requiring large number of sensors and actuators.
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Huang, Xiu Feng, Ming Hong, and Hong Yu Cui. "The Optimal Location of Piezoelectric Sensor/Actuator Based on Adaptive Genetic Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.799.
This paper considered the optimal placement of collocated piezoelectric actuator-sensor pairs on a thin cantilever plate using a modal-based linear quadratic independent modal space controller. LQR performance was taken as objective for finding the optimal location of sensor–actuator pairs.The discrete optimal sensor and actuator location problem was formulated in the framework of a zero–one optimization problem,which was solved by real-coded adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA). The vibration response of the piezoelectric plate was calculated using the finite element method (FEM).The optimization and vibration control programs were written by FORTRAN language. The results of numrical examples show that the adaptive genetic algorithm based on the minimum of LQR performance for the optimal location of sensors and actuators is feasible and effective.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sensors and actuators placement":
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Szczepanski, Robert Walter. "Optimal placement of actuators and sensors for vibration control using genetic algorithms." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341754.
Potami, Raffaele. "Optimal sensor/actuator placement and switching schemes for control of flexible structures." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2008. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-042808-124333/.
Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Keywords: hybrid system, PZT actuators, performance enchancement, actuator placement, actuator switching. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-108).
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Polyzos, Dimitrios. ""Measuring System Properties & Structured Diagnostics for the Selection of Sensors, Actuators Placement & Eigenstructure Assignment"." Thesis, City University London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.524712.
Suwit, Pulthasthan Information Technology & Electrical Engineering Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Optimal placement of sensor and actuator for sound-structure interaction system." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38741.
This thesis presents the practical and novel work in the area of optimal placement of actuators and sensors for sound-structure interaction systems. The work has been done by the author during his PhD candidature. The research is concentrated in systems with non-ideal boundary conditions as in the case in practical engineering applications. An experimental acoustic cavity with five walls of timber and a thin aluminium sheet fixed tightly on the cavity mouth is chosen in this thesis as a good representation of general sound-structure interaction systems. The sheet is intentionally so fixed that it does not satisfy ideal boundary conditions. The existing methods for obtaining optimal sensor-actuator location using analytic models with ideal boundary conditions are of limited use for such problem with non-ideal boundary conditions. The method presented in this thesis for optimal placement of actuators and sensors is motivated by energy based approach and model uncertainty inclusion. The optimal placement of actuator and sensor for the experimental acoustic cavity is used to construct a robust feedback controller based on minimax LQG control design method. The controller is aimed to reduce acoustic potential energy in the cavity. This energy is due to the structure-borne sound inside the sound-structure interaction system. Practical aspects of the method for optimal placement of actuator and sensors are highlighted by experimental vibration and acoustic noise attenuation for arbitrary disturbance using feedback controllers with optimal placement of actuator and sensor. The disturbance is experimentally set to enter the system via a spatial location different from the controller input as would be in any practical applications of standard feedback disturbance rejections. Experimental demonstration of the novel methods presented in this thesis attenuate structural vibration up to 13 dB and acoustic noise up to 5 dB for broadband frequency range of interest. This attenuation is achieved without the explicit knowledge of the model of the disturbance.
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Jha, Akhilesh K. "Vibration Analysis and Control of an Inflatable Toroidal Satellite Component Using Piezoelectric Actuators and Sensors." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28243.
Inflatable structures have been a subject of renewed interest in recent years for space applications such as communication antennas, solar thermal propulsion, and entry/landing systems. This is because inflatable structures are very lightweight and on-orbit deployable. In addition, they have high strength-to-mass ratio and require minimal stowage volume, which makes them especially suitable for cost-effective large space structures. An inflated toroidal structure (torus) is often used there in order to provide structural support. For these structures to be effective, their vibration must be controlled while keeping the weight low. Piezoelectric materials have become strong candidates for actuator and sensor applications in the active vibration control of such structures due to their lightweight, conformability to the host structure, and distributed nature. In this study, our main focus is to understand the dynamic characteristics of an inflatable torus and to control its vibration using piezoelectric actuators and sensors.
The first part of this study is concerned with theoretical formulations. We use Sanders' shell theory to derive the governing equations of motion for a shell subjected to pressure. To take into account the prestress effects of internal pressure, we use geometric nonlinearity, and to model the follower action of pressure force, we consider the work done by internal pressure during the vibration of the shell. These equations are then specialized to obtain approximate equations presented by previous researchers. We extend this analytical formulation to derive the equivalent forces due to piezoelectric actuators in unimorph and bimorph configurations and include their mass and stiffness effects in the governing equations. A sensor equation is also developed for the shell. The actuator and sensor equations are then written in terms of modal displacements and velocities so as to evaluate their interactions with different vibratory modes.
In the second part, we focus on numerical studies related to an inflated torus. At first, we perform a free vibration analysis of the inflated torus using Galerkin's method. We study how different parameters (aspect ratio, internal pressure, and wall-thickness) of the inflated torus affect the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the inflated torus. We compare the results obtained from the theory used in this research with the results from different approximate theories and commercial finite element codes. The results suggest that the use of an accurate shell theory and pressure effect is very important for the vibration analysis of an inflated torus. Next, the modal behaviors of piezoelectric actuator and sensor are analyzed. A detailed study is done in order to understand how the size and location of actuator and sensor affect the modal forces, the modal sensing constants, and the overall performance for all the considered modes. In order to determine the optimal locations and sizes of actuators and sensors, we use a genetic algorithm. Natural frequencies and mode shapes are calculated considering the passive effects of actuators and sensors. Finally, we attempt the vibration control of the inflated torus using the optimally designed actuators and sensors and sliding mode controller/observer. The numerical simulations show that piezoelectric actuators and sensors can be used in the vibration control of an inflatable torus. The robustness properties of the controller and observer against the parameter uncertainty and disturbances are verified. Ph. D.
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MURUGAN, JAYA MAHESH. "Vibration monitoring and control of industrial structures." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2858351.
Brakna, Mohammed. "Sensor and actuator optimal location for dynamic controller design. Application to active vibration reduction in a galvanizing process." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2023_0152_BRAKNA.pdf.
Les objectifs de cette thèse sont de déterminer un modèle à la fois suffisamment précis mais numériquement exploitable pour proposer des méthodologies de placement de capteurs et d'actionneurs pour le contrôle actif de vibration dans une ligne de galvanisation. La galvanisation consiste à recouvrir un métal (dans notre étude : de l'acier) par une couche protectrice de zinc qui évite la corrosion due à l'air. L'épaisseur de cette couche doit être constante pour garantir les propriétés mécaniques et l'état de surface du produit. Dans une ligne de galvanisation, la bande d'acier en mouvement est chauffée puis plongée dans un bain de zinc liquide avant d'être essorée par des buses projetant de l'air. L'air pulsé, ainsi que la rotation des cylindres d'entrainement de la bande - entre autres - créent des vibrations qui viennent perturber l'essorage et donc la régularité du dépôt de zinc. Un contrôle actif est donc nécessaire, par exemple au moyen d'électro-aimants placés de part et d'autre de la bande d'acier en mouvement. Dans un premier temps, un modèle de comportement de la bande d'acier dans la ligne de galvanisation prenant en compte la présence et la propagation des vibrations a été obtenu par discrétisation spatiale d'une équation aux dérivées partielles. Ce modèle de type espace d'état a été validé en simulation et expérimentalement sur une ligne de galvanisation pilote d'ArcelorMittal Research à Maizières-lès-Metz. Une fois ce modèle établi, l'objectif de l'étude est la recherche du placement optimal de capteurs, pour mesurer le plus efficacement les vibrations de la bande, mais également d'actionneurs pour minimiser l'amplitude de ces vibrations par une loi de commande adaptée. Ces problèmes de placements optimaux sont au cœur des thématiques de contrôle actif des vibrations et se retrouvent dans de nombreux domaines d'application. Une méthode de placement basée sur la maximisation des Grammiens a été proposée en vue de réduire l'impact des perturbations sur le système. Différentes stratégies de contrôle ont été envisagées telles que le retour d'état observé et le retour d'état étendu observé pour améliorer les résultats en tenant compte de l'estimation des perturbations par un observateur PI (proportionnel-intégral). Des résultats de simulations et expérimentaux illustrent les résultats obtenus The aims of the present PhD thesis are to determine a model that is both sufficiently accurate and numerically exploitable to propose optimal placement of sensors and actuators for active vibration control in a galvanizing line. A continuous hot-dip galvanizing process consists in covering a metal (here: a steel band) by a protective layer of zinc which avoids the corrosion due to the air. The thickness of this layer must be constant to guarantee the mechanical properties and surface condition of the product. In a galvanizing line, the moving steel strip is heated and then immersed in a liquid zinc bath before being wiped out by nozzles projecting air. The air flow, as well as the rotation of the driving rolls, among other things, creates vibrations affecting the wiping process and thus the regularity of the zinc deposit. Active control is therefore necessary, for example by means of electromagnets placed on either side of the moving steel strip. In a first step, a behavioral model of the steel strip taking into account the presence and propagation of vibrations was obtained by spatial discretization of a partial differential equation. This state space model was validated in simulation and experimentally on a pilot galvanizing line of ArcelorMittal Research in Maizières-lès-Metz. Once this model is established, the objective of the study is to find the optimal placement of sensors, to measure the vibrations of the strip as efficiently as possible, but also of actuators to minimize the amplitude of these vibrations by an appropriate control law. These problems of optimal placement are at the heart of the issues of active vibration control and are found in many fields of application. An optimal placement method based on Gramian maximization has been proposed in order to reduce the impact of disturbances on the system. Different control strategies have been considered such as (i) observed state feedback based on Kalman filter and LQ regulator; and (ii) extended observed state feedback to improve the results by also taking into account the disturbance estimation provided by a PI (proportional-integral) observer. Simulation and experimental results illustrate the thesis contributions
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Perini, Efrain Araujo [UNESP]. "Redução de vibrações de rotores utilizando atuadores magnéticos e sistema de controle feedforward." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94510.
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perini_ea_me_ilha.pdf: 25219962 bytes, checksum: af8e5bb5738ecda8c45a59f9677a5507 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de uma análise teórica do desempenho de um sistema de controle ativo utilizando mancais magnéticos como atuadores de não-contato para a redução de vibrações em rotores. São analisados três modelos de rotores, sendo que em um deles aplica-se apenas o controle feedback e os outros são suportados apenas por mancais magnéticos, os quais também são os atuadores do controlador. Assim, Luna arquitetura de controle tipo feedforward é empregada sobreposta ao sistema de controle feedback dos atuadores nestes dois modelos, sendo urna análise realizada em relação ao desempenho do sistema de controle quanto às diferentes geometrias de distribuição de massa acopladas ao eixo do rotor. O enfoque principal deste trabalho é voltado para a análise do desempenho do sistema de controle em função da posição e quantidade dos sensores de erro (onde se deseja minimizar as vibrações) em relação à posição dos atuadores e das forças de excitação. As excitações são do tipo síncronas e sub-síncronas que normalmente aparecem em rotores com elevadas velocidades de rotação, como as turbomáquinas. Também é realizada urna análise das forças de controle necessárias a serem aplicadas pelos atuadores para se obter urna redução dos níveis de vibração do rotor na posição dos sensores de erro do sistema feedforward. A análise é executada empregando modelos de rotores desenvolvidos pelo método da matriz de impedância. Esta pesquisa também apresenta Luna aplicação da técnica de controle Feedforward em acústica, que realiza a depuração da voz para comunicação em ambientes ruidosos. This research work brings a theoretical analysis of a control system performance that uses magnetic bearings as non-contact actuators to reduce rotor vibrations. It is analyzed three rotor models, in which one of them operates under the feedback control only. The other models are supported by magnetic bearings only, which also are the controller system actuators. Thus, a feedforward control scheme is applied over the feedback control inherent to the AMB control circuit. The analysis is carried out over these two last models regarding to the control performance for different geometry of mass distribution along the rotor. The focus of this work is to analyze the controller performance according to the sensor quantity and placement (where the vibrations are desired to be minimized) regarding to the actuator position and to the exciting forces. The subsynchronous and synchronous excitations are considered here since they frequently occur in high rotating speed rotors, as in the turbomachinery scenario. Also, the control force required by the actuators is monitored according to the sensors placement to reduce the local vibrations level and the analysis was carried out using the impedance matrix rotor modeling. Further, this work brings a modeling and an application of the feedforward active control scheme in the acoustics field used for voice extraction for communication in noisy environments.
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Perini, Efrain Araujo. "Redução de vibrações de rotores utilizando atuadores magnéticos e sistema de controle feedforward /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94510.
Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de uma análise teórica do desempenho de um sistema de controle ativo utilizando mancais magnéticos como atuadores de não-contato para a redução de vibrações em rotores. São analisados três modelos de rotores, sendo que em um deles aplica-se apenas o controle feedback e os outros são suportados apenas por mancais magnéticos, os quais também são os atuadores do controlador. Assim, Luna arquitetura de controle tipo feedforward é empregada sobreposta ao sistema de controle feedback dos atuadores nestes dois modelos, sendo urna análise realizada em relação ao desempenho do sistema de controle quanto às diferentes geometrias de distribuição de massa acopladas ao eixo do rotor. O enfoque principal deste trabalho é voltado para a análise do desempenho do sistema de controle em função da posição e quantidade dos sensores de erro (onde se deseja minimizar as vibrações) em relação à posição dos atuadores e das forças de excitação. As excitações são do tipo síncronas e sub-síncronas que normalmente aparecem em rotores com elevadas velocidades de rotação, como as turbomáquinas. Também é realizada urna análise das forças de controle necessárias a serem aplicadas pelos atuadores para se obter urna redução dos níveis de vibração do rotor na posição dos sensores de erro do sistema feedforward. A análise é executada empregando modelos de rotores desenvolvidos pelo método da matriz de impedância. Esta pesquisa também apresenta Luna aplicação da técnica de controle Feedforward em acústica, que realiza a depuração da voz para comunicação em ambientes ruidosos. Abstract: This research work brings a theoretical analysis of a control system performance that uses magnetic bearings as non-contact actuators to reduce rotor vibrations. It is analyzed three rotor models, in which one of them operates under the feedback control only. The other models are supported by magnetic bearings only, which also are the controller system actuators. Thus, a feedforward control scheme is applied over the feedback control inherent to the AMB control circuit. The analysis is carried out over these two last models regarding to the control performance for different geometry of mass distribution along the rotor. The focus of this work is to analyze the controller performance according to the sensor quantity and placement (where the vibrations are desired to be minimized) regarding to the actuator position and to the exciting forces. The subsynchronous and synchronous excitations are considered here since they frequently occur in high rotating speed rotors, as in the turbomachinery scenario. Also, the control force required by the actuators is monitored according to the sensors placement to reduce the local vibrations level and the analysis was carried out using the impedance matrix rotor modeling. Further, this work brings a modeling and an application of the feedforward active control scheme in the acoustics field used for voice extraction for communication in noisy environments. Orientador: Luiz de Paula do Nascimento Coorientador: Vicente Lopes Junior Banca: Gilberto Pechoto de Melo Banca: Kátia Luchese Cavalca Dedini Mestre
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Mitwalli, Ahmed Hamdi. "Polymer gel actuators and sensors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9969.
Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998. Includes bibliographical references (p. [351]-361). by Ahmed Hamdi Mitwalli. Sc.D.
Books on the topic "Sensors and actuators placement":
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K, Kincaid Rex, and Langley Research Center, eds. Optimization strategies for sensor and actuator placement. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1999.
K, Kincaid Rex, and Langley Research Center, eds. Optimization strategies for sensor and actuator placement. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1999.
Center, Langley Research, ed. Optimal control of unsteady stokes flow around a cylinder and the sensor/actuator placement problem. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1998.
Center, Langley Research, ed. Optimal control of unsteady stokes flow around a cylinder and the sensor/actuator placement problem. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1998.
Vigna, Benedetto, Paolo Ferrari, Flavio Francesco Villa, Ernesto Lasalandra, and Sarah Zerbini, eds. Silicon Sensors and Actuators. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80135-9.
Rupitsch, Stefan Johann. Piezoelectric Sensors and Actuators. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-57534-5.
Book chapters on the topic "Sensors and actuators placement":
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Khapalov, Alexander Y. "Degenerate Sensors in Source Localization and Sensor Placement Problems." In Mobile Point Sensors and Actuators in the Controllability Theory of Partial Differential Equations, 123–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60414-5_8.
Gawronski, Wodek K. "Actuator and Sensor Placement." In Dynamics and Control of Structures, 100–128. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21855-7_7.
Li, Xu, Amiya Nayak, David Simplot-Ryl, and Ivan Stojmenovic. "Sensor Placement in Sensor and Actuator Networks." In Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks, 263–94. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470570517.ch10.
Gawronski, Wodek. "Balanced sensor and actuator placement." In Balanced Control of Flexible Structures, 107–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3540760172_5.
Usher, M. J., and D. A. Keating. "Actuators." In Sensors and Transducers, 131–46. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13345-1_9.
Katebi, Reza, Michael A. Johnson, and Jacqueline Wilkie. "Sensors and Actuators." In Advances in Industrial Control, 144–65. London: Springer London, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0423-0_6.
Sciavicco, Lorenzo, and Bruno Siciliano. "Actuators and Sensors." In Modelling and Control of Robot Manipulators, 295–320. London: Springer London, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0449-0_8.
Aamo, Ole Morten, and Miroslav Krstić. "Sensors and Actuators." In Flow Control by Feedback, 179–83. London: Springer London, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3805-1_6.
Markley, F. Landis, and John L. Crassidis. "Sensors and Actuators." In Fundamentals of Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control, 123–81. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0802-8_4.
Genta, Giancarlo. "Actuators and Sensors." In Introduction to the Mechanics of Space Robots, 427–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1796-1_7.
Conference papers on the topic "Sensors and actuators placement":
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Kameyama, Masaki, and Hisao Fukunaga. "Optimal Placement of Sensors and Actuators for Modal Measurement/Control of CFRP Laminated Plates." In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-416.
In this paper, based on the optimal placement of sensors and actuators, the vibration control by using a system of modal sensor and modal actuator with a small number of sensors and actuators is realized for a plate structure. The modal sensor consisting of accelerometers as well as the modal actuator of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is built up for a CFRP cantilevered plate. The structural vibration control is realized by the independent modal space control based on the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control theory. Sensors and actuators are optimally placed so that the best accuracy of measurement of modal velocity and the maximum control effect can be acquired. From the numerical and experimental results, it is demonstrated that the optimal placement of sensors and actuators is very important to stabilize a control system when the number of sensors/actuators is limited, and the vibration of plate can be suppressed by the state feedback control for each mode using the modal sensor and actuator optimally designed.
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Späh, Britta, Rudolf Sebastian Schittenhelm, and Stephan Rinderknecht. "Optimal Sensor and Actuator Placement for Active Vibration Control Systems." In ASME 2012 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference at InterNoise 2012. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2012-0982.
Locations of sensors and actuators have major impact on the characteristics of control systems. In this paper a procedure for sensor and actuator placement for vibration control systems is presented. Two different performance criteria are used in order to find optimal positions for the system under consideration. One is considering observability and controllability only, the other one includes knowledge about a disturbance and the control objective. Both criteria are applied to a clamped plate resulting in different optimal sensor and actuator positions. The resulting configurations are investigated by comparison of optimal feed forward and H∞ feedback control of the system with identical disturbances and control objectives but different sensor and actuator positions. The required control effort and achieved amplitude reduction are employed to rate the different performance criteria that were used to determine the sensor and actuator positions. It is shown that, by placing sensors and actuators on the basis of an adequate performance criterion, increased control performance in terms of amplitude reduction per control effort is achieved.
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Hanagud, S., C. C. Won, and M. W. Obal. "Optimal Placement of Piezoceramic Sensors and Actuators." In 1988 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.1988.4790034.
Trease, Brian, and Sridhar Kota. "Topology Synthesis of Compliant Systems With Embedded Actuators and Sensors." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49688.
The basic premise of a compliant system is the integration of motion/force transmission via elastic deformation with embedded actuation and sensing. Current electromechanical systems are generally fashioned in the rigid-and-discrete paradigm where one first designs a rigid structure with mechanical joints and then adds actuators and sensors, with the design of controls only following as an afterthought. The objective of this research is a systems approach to synthesis of mechanism, structure, actuation, and sensing, thereby advancing from traditional mechanical design to automated compliant system design. In previous studies of compliant mechanisms and their synthesis, single-actuator mechanisms have primarily been considered, with the determination of the actuator’s type, orientation, size, and location occurring outside of the automated design synthesis, at the designer’s option. A new algorithmic framework is presented, in which structural topology and actuator/sensor placement are simultaneously synthesized for adaptive performance. Significantly, this is not a traditional ad hoc method; sensor and actuator placement affect structural topology and vice versa. This is a continuation of our previously reported actuation-placement work [1–2], updated here to include the sensor placement co-synthesis and new tasks in addition to shape change. The methods used include genetic algorithms, graph searches for connectivity, and multiple load cases implemented with linear finite element analysis. Fundamental metrics for the inclusion of embedded components in a multifunctional compliant system are developed and investigated. The essential framework for the integration of controls with compliant mechanisms is established. Specifically, the concepts of controllability and observability, as redefined for compliant systems, are proven as a successful starting point for the design of multifunctional, adaptive systems. These concepts refer to the unique system response for each component (actuator or sensor) it contains. Results are presented for several problems, focusing on the application of shape-morphing aircraft structures. Through examples and design studies, the metrics and the methodology demonstrate that multiple, optimally-placed components indeed offer performance benefits for mechanical systems, in terms of multifunctional execution. Finally, the extension of controllability to address the problem of single-point multidegree-of-freedom manipulation is performed to show the generalized use of the new methodology in benefitting the design of compliant systems.
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Al-Masoud, Nidal, and Tarunraj Singh. "Optimal Actuator/Sensor Placement for Control of Combustion Instabilities." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/dsc-24562.
Abstract In this paper, a methodology is proposed for determination of optimal actuator and sensor locations for the control of combustion instabilities. The proposed approach relies on certain quantitative measures of degree of controllability and observability based on the controllability and observability grammians. These criteria are arrived at by considering the energies of system’s inputs and outputs. The optimality criteria for sensor and actuator locations provide a balance between the importance of the lower order and the higher order modes. It is assumed that the control input is provided by a finite number of point actuators, and the instantaneous conditions in the chamber are monitored, in general, by multiple sensors.
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Alnuaimi, Mohammed, Abdulaziz BuAbdulla, Tarcísio Silva, Sumaya Altamimi, Dong-Wook Lee, and Mohamed Al Teneiji. "Active Vibration Control of Piezoelectric Beam Using the PID Controller." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70960.
Abstract Vibration control using piezoelectric materials has been widely investigated over the past decades. Particularly, active controllers achieve greater vibration control over wider frequency ranges than other vibration control techniques. Active controllers make use of sensors, actuators, and control laws. While most researchers focus on improving the control law, investigations on the optimal placement of sensors and actuators remain much less explored. This work presents a simple and quick methodology to obtain the optimal placement of piezoelectric sensors and actuators on different electromechanically coupled systems, without using classical beam or plate structures or limiting assumptions (symmetrical bending, linear strain, etc.). Optimal placement of sensors and actuators is performed based upon two criteria: i) varying the number of piezoelectric layers used for sensing and actuation and ii) varying the position over the structure’s thickness. Each criterion (i and ii) is presented and discussed in a different study case. Results show that as the number of piezoelectric layers increases, vibrations are controlled more efficiently. However, stacking several piezoelectric materials is not easily feasible in practice, leading to a tradeoff between reducing vibrations (using more layers) and ease of assembly. As of criterion ii), optimal placement of piezoelectric sensors and actuators is the farthest possible from the neutral line since sensors generate larger signal output (increased sensor gain), and actuators apply larger momentum on the system reducing more vibrations.
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Gabbert, U., I. Schulz, and C. T. Weber. "Actuator Placement in Smart Structures by Discrete-Continuous Optimization." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/vib-3937.
Abstract Multi-functional smart materials, which can be used as conventional load bearing structural elements as well as actuators and sensors — e.g. as part of a multi-layered composite — in conjunction with suitable control systems are the basis of the development of adaptive structural systems for shape control, vibration damping etc. The effectiveness of an adaptive structural system depends decisively on the placement of the actuators and sensors. In the present paper a general mathematical method for the determination of an optimal actuator placement is given, which takes advantage of additional mechanical information about the structural behavior, i.e. the sensitivity of the system with respect to the design variables. Following concepts of geometry and topology optimization in the present paper an optimization strategy is presented for the simultaneous determination of the discrete positions of the actuators as well as the continuous parameters of the control law. For the verification of the optimization strategy a complete variant test of the ten-bar-truss problem is analyzed. The results of the optimization strategy match the results of the variant test.
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Trease, Brian P., and Sridhar Kota. "Synthesis of Adaptive and Controllable Compliant Systems With Embedded Actuators and Sensors." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99266.
This paper presents a framework for the design of a compliant system; that is, the concurrent design of a compliant mechanism with embedded actuators and embedded sensors. We focus on methods that simultaneously synthesize optimal structural topology and placement of actuators and sensors for maximum energy efficiency and adaptive performance, while satisfying various weight and performance constraints. The goal of this research is to lay a scientific foundation and a mathematical framework for distributed actuation and sensing within a compliant active structure. Key features of the methodology include (1) the simultaneous optimization of the location, orientation, and size of actuators concurrent with the compliant transmission topology and (2) the concepts of controllability and observability that arise from the consideration of control, and their implementation in compliant systems design. The methods used include genetic algorithms, graph searches for connectivity, and multiple load cases implemented with linear finite element analysis. Actuators, modeled as both force generators and structural compliant elements, are included as topology variables in the optimization. Results are provided for several studies, including: (1) concurrent actuator placement and topology design for a compliant amplifier and (2) a shape-morphing aircraft wing demonstration with three controlled output nodes. Central to this method is the concept of structural orthogonality, which refers to the unique system response for each actuator it contains. Finally, the results from the controllability problem are used to motivate and describe the analogous extension to observability for sensing.
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Shelley, Franz J., and William W. Clark. "Active Mode Localization in Distributed Parameter Systems With Consideration of Limited Actuator Placement." In ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1995-0575.
Abstract The purpose of this work is to investigate the application of active mode localization to discretized models of distributed parameter systems where the number of control sensors and actuators is a limiting factor. A modified eigenvector scaling technique using singular value decomposition is developed which scales the lower-mode eigenvectors, producing localization over the range of these lower natural frequencies. An example using a simply supported beam model is provided, with mode localization achieved in at least the lower 3 modes utilizing as few as two control sensor/actuator pairs.
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SEPULVEDA, A., and L. SCHMIT. "Optimal Placement of Actuators and Sensors in Control Augmented Structural Optimization." In 31st Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-1055.
Reports on the topic "Sensors and actuators placement":
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Almeida, Oscar J., Brian G. Dixon, Jill H. Hardin, John P. Sanford, and Myles Walsh. High Temperature Smart Sensors and Actuators. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada256985.
Krulewich, D. A. Handbook of actuators and edge alignment sensors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6788910.
MATERIALS SYSTEMS INC CONCORD MA. Cost-Effective Method for Synthesizing Innovative Transducer Materials for Sensors and Actuators. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada282339.
Ted Quinn and Jerry Mauck. Digial Technology Qualification Task 2 - Suitability of Digital Alternatives to Analog Sensors and Actuators. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1057681.
Cline, Joseph I. Surface Absorption Polarization Sensors (SAPS), Final Technical Report, Laser Probing of Immobilized SAPS Actuators Component. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/977056.
Beshouri, Greg. PR-309-14212-R01 Field Demonstration of Fully Integrated NSCR System. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011545.
Local, state and federal regulations in the United Sates tend to favor NSCR as the emissions control technology of choice for lower output internal combustion (IC) engines. The technology can achieve extremely low emissions levels for NOx, CO and total hydrocarbons (THC). Theoretically an end user can add it on to any rich burn engine at relatively low cost and the technology scales down to the smallest IC engines. While superficially a "simple and proven" technology, NSCR control is in fact extremely complex, far more complex than the control of lean burn engines. The underlying problems with NSCR control are well documented. Using a systems approach an AETC/HOERBIGER team analyzed each component of the system and identified the core problems and possible solutions. Ultimately the team identified the need for a fully integrated system utilizing linear sensors and actuators. The team then theorized such a system could be controlled by an off the shelf PLC with typical PI control loops. Based on this conclusion HOERBIGER developed an integrated NSCR system utilizing linear sensors and actuators and controlled by an off the shelf PLC. Called the Advanced Richburn Control (ARC), HOERBIGER installed the system on six KVG-410 engines operating in pipeline compression and recorded performance for a year. Those results confirmed the system satisfied the performance requirements and validated the design concept. This report has a related webinar.
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Ratmanski, Kiril, and Sergey Vecherin. Resilience in distributed sensor networks. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45680.
With the advent of cheap and available sensors, there is a need for intelligent sensor selection and placement for various purposes. While previous research was focused on the most efficient sensor networks, we present a new mathematical framework for efficient and resilient sensor network installation. Specifically, in this work we formulate and solve a sensor selection and placement problem when network resilience is also a factor in the optimization problem. Our approach is based on the binary linear programming problem. The generic formulation is probabilistic and applicable to any sensor types, line-of-site and non-line-of-site, and any sensor modality. It also incorporates several realistic constraints including finite sensor supply, cost, energy consumption, as well as specified redundancy in coverage areas that require resilience. While the exact solution is computationally prohibitive, we present a fast algorithm that produces a near-optimal solution that can be used in practice. We show how such formulation works on 2D examples, applied to infrared (IR) sensor networks designed to detect and track human presence and movements in a specified coverage area. Analysis of coverage and comparison of sensor placement with and without resilience considerations is also performed.
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Beshouri. PR-309-08208-R01 A Survey of Diagnostics Techniques for Compressor Engines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010730.
The pipeline workforce faces several challenges over the next few years. Unprecedented numbers of experienced staff are retiring. They are being replaced by a smaller, younger workforce tasked with more responsibilities and therefore unable to develop specific expertise while roving crews fill labor gaps resulting in less experience with each individual engine compressor. To maintain, if not improve reliability and reduce maintenance costs better analysis tools are needed to fill the experience and expertise gap and assist with troubleshooting and diagnosis. Concurrently, regulatory expectations appear to be shifting from Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS) like quantifying systems to Green-light/Red-light automotive like On Board Diagnostics (OBD). OBD approaches rely on the proper operation of already installed sensors and actuators to maintain emissions compliance and can be very cost effective. This study investigated diagnostic methods to address both opportunities based on experience in related industries.
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Dasberg, Shmuel, Jan W. Hopmans, Larry J. Schwankl, and Dani Or. Drip Irrigation Management by TDR Monitoring of Soil Water and Solute Distribution. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568095.bard.
Drip irrigation has the potential of high water use efficiency, but actual water measurement is difficult because of the limited wetted volume. Two long-term experiments in orchards in Israel and in California and several field crop studies supported by this project have demonstrated the feasibility of precise monitoring of soil water distribution for drip irrigation in spite of the limited soil wetting. Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) enables in situ measurement of soil water content of well defined small volumes. Several approaches were tried in monitoring the soil water balance in the field during drip irrigation. These also facilitated the estimation of water uptake: 1. The use of multilevel moisture probe TDR system. This approach proved to be of limited value because of the extremely small diameter of measurement. 2. The placement of 20 cm long TDR probes at predetermined distances from the drippers in citrus orchards. 3. Heavy instrumentation with neutron scattering access tubes and tensiometers of a single drip irrigated almond tree. 4. High resolution spatial and temporal measurements (0.1m x 0.1m grid) of water content by TDR in corn irrigated by surface and subsurface drip. The latter approach was accompanied by parametric modelling of water uptake intensity patterns by corn roots and superimposed with analytical solutions for water flow from point and line sources. All this lead to general and physically based suggestions for the placement of soil water sensors for scheduling drip irrigation.
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Tarko, Andrew P., Mario A. Romero, Vamsi Krishna Bandaru, and Cristhian Lizarazo. TScan–Stationary LiDAR for Traffic and Safety Applications: Vehicle Interpretation and Tracking. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317402.
To improve traffic performance and safety, the ability to measure traffic accurately and effectively, including motorists and other vulnerable road users, at road intersections is needed. A past study conducted by the Center for Road Safety has demonstrated that it is feasible to detect and track various types of road users using a LiDAR-based system called TScan. This project aimed to progress towards a real-world implementation of TScan by building two trailer-based prototypes with full end-user documentation. The previously developed detection and tracking algorithms have been modified and converted from the research code to its implementational version written in the C++ programming language. Two trailer-based TScan units have been built. The design of the prototype was iterated multiple times to account for component placement, ease of maintenance, etc. The expansion of the TScan system from a one single-sensor unit to multiple units with multiple LiDAR sensors necessitated transforming all the measurements into a common spatial and temporal reference frame. Engineering applications for performing traffic counts, analyzing speeds at intersections, and visualizing pedestrian presence data were developed. The limitations of the existing SSAM for traffic conflicts analysis with computer simulation prompted the research team to develop and implement their own traffic conflicts detection and analysis technique that is applicable to real-world data. Efficient use of the development system requires proper training of its end users. An INDOT-CRS collaborative process was developed and its execution planned to gradually transfer the two TScan prototypes to INDOT’s full control. This period will be also an opportunity for collecting feedback from the end user and making limited modifications to the system and documentation as needed.
