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Journal articles on the topic 'Sensorless driving'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Chen, En-Ping, Jiangfeng Cheng, Jia-Hung Tu, and Chun-Liang Lin. "Sensorless Driving/Braking Control for Electric Vehicles." Actuators 9, no. 1 (March 22, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act9010022.

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A sensorless driving/braking control system for electric vehicles is explained in the present paper. In the proposed system, a field-oriented control (FOC) was used to integrate driving and braking controls in a unified module for reducing the cost of hardware and simultaneously incorporating functional flexibility. An antilock braking system can swiftly halt a vehicle during emergency braking. An electromagnetic reverse braking scheme that provided retarding torque to a running wheel was developed. The scheme could switch the state of the MOSFETs used in the system by alternating the duty cycle of pulse width modulation to adjust the braking current generated by the back electromotive force (EMF) of the motor. In addition, because the braking energy required for the electromagnetic braking scheme is related only to the back EMF, the vehicle operator can control the braking force and safely stop an electric vehicle at high speeds. The proposed integrated sensorless driving and electromagnetic braking system was verified experimentally.

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2

Guo, Hai-Jiao, Seiji Sagawa, and Osamu Ichinokura. "Position Sensorless Driving of BLDCM Using Neural Networks." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 124, no. 11 (2004): 2329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.124.2329.

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3

GUO, Hai-Jiao, Seiji Sagawa, and Osamu Ichinokura. "Position sensorless driving of BLDCM using neural networks." Electrical Engineering in Japan 162, no. 4 (2007): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.20240.

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4

Meng, Zhao Jun, Rui Chen, and Yue Jun An. "Direct Torque Control of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on Position Sensorless Control." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.627.

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The position sensorless control method based on direct torque control was carried out aiming at the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) in this paper. To the consideration of electric vehicle space is limited, in order to reduce the controller size to save space, this paper studied the sensorless control. Meanwhile, in order to improve the control rapidity as much as possible of the electric vehicle, take direct torque control as a control method of the driving motor. Finally, designed the sensorless direct torque controller and studied its simulation. Simulation results show that the control system have good dynamic and static characteristics in the full speed range.

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5

Hoffstadt, Thorben, and Jürgen Maas. "Sensorless force control for dielectric elastomer transducers." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 9 (January 29, 2018): 1419–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x17754255.

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Multilayer stack-transducers made of dielectric elastomers generate considerable tensile forces and deformations when they are electrically stimulated. Thus, due to their capacitive behavior, they are for example energy efficient substitutes for conventional electromagnetic drives and enable various further completely new applications. Within this contribution, we present a sensorless force control for dielectric elastomer stack-transducers driven by a bidirectional flyback-converter. This force control for example can be used as interface for superimposed application-oriented controls. First of all, the properties of dielectric elastomer stack-transducers and the flyback-converter as well as its control structure are summarized. Due to the characteristic behavior of the power converter, the design of a sliding mode force controller is carried out based on an analytical model of the coupled electromechanical system containing the transducer and driving electronics. Using this model, the transducer force can be determined with the measured driving voltage and deformation so that an explicit force measurement is not required. In a first step, a two-point controller is developed for the variable structure control that is afterward extended in order to improve the control quality, for example, by adapting the inner power converter control. Finally, the experimental validations with a prototype stack-transducer and bidirectional flyback-converter demonstrate the feasibility as well as the precision and dynamics of the developed force control.

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Kumar, Ganisetti Vijay, Min-Ze Lu, and Chang-Ming Liaw. "A Highly-efficiency Position Sensorless Electric Vehicle Synchronous Reluctance Motor Drive." Journal of Energy and Power Technology 03, no. 03 (May 2, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/jept.2103037.

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The development of high-efficiency motor drives for various applications is important in the industry 4.0 era, especially for their extensive application to electric vehicles (EVs). In this study, a position sensorless EV synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) drive has been developed, which exhibits good driving performance and efficiency over a wide speed and load range. To solve the key problems popularly encountered in the existing approaches, the high-frequency injection (HFI) scheme based on q-axis injection has been proposed. In addition, the changed-frequency injection has been adopted considering the effects of speed/load dependent slotting ripple current. Robust observed speed and position controllers have been added to enhance the sensorless control performance. For the SynRM basic driving control scheme, robust current control and adaptive commutation with minimized motor losses have been achieved that yield satisfactory driving performance up to the rated speed and load. Good EV driving performance has been demonstrated experimentally, including starting, dynamic, acceleration/deceleration, and reversible operations. In addition, the steady-state characteristics have been assessed, and the high efficiencies have been observed to be comparable to the standard drive.

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7

Zhang, Guangwei, and Akio Yamamoto. "Sensorless displacement estimation for an electrostatic film motor using driving currents." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 60, no. 2 (May 16, 2019): 247–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-180068.

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8

Suzdalenko, Alexander, Janis Zakis, Pavels Suskis, and Leonids Ribickis. "Bidirectional single-loop current sensorless control applied to NPC multi-level converter considering conduction losses." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 1945. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i4.pp1945-1957.

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The current feedback is considered as unavoidable part of most control system driving power electronic converters. However, it is possible to eliminate the use of current sensor, if properly calculated volt-second balance is applied to input inductor. This paper describes the implementation of current sensorless control technique applied to neutral point clamped multi-level converter, where only voltage control-loop is used to stabilize internal capacitors voltage, while inductor’s current is shaped by means of current sensorless control block in both discontinuous and continuous current modes. The capacitor voltage balancing is implemented by means of delta-controller that selects alternative capacitor in respect to main switching scheme. Finally, the analytical study of proposed solution is verified with simulation results.

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9

Xue, Feng, and Guo Qing Shi. "Analysis of the Stability of Synchronous Motor Driving without Sensor." Advanced Materials Research 429 (January 2012): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.429.259.

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The rotor’s position of brushless synchronous motor can only be got by windings’ currents, terminal voltages in the field where the sensors can not be installed. How to steadily drive the motor in the weak feedback becomes the key to the control method. Quantitative analysis of stability for control method is made for two kinds of motor which has trapezia wave and sine wave anti electromotive force， in which the concept of equivalent current bundle is brought forward. The computer simulation proves the results of analysis. Academic direction is made for the stable control of sensorless driving.

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10

Yu, Hsing Cheng, Chih Chiang Wang, Chau Shin Jang, Wen Yang Peng, and T. S. Liu. "Blowers of Vacuum Cleaners Utilizing Coreless and Sensorless Axial-Flux Motors with Edge-Wire Coils." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 1770–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.1770.

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Axial-flux motors (AFM) generally have higher torque and power densities, smaller volume and weight, larger diameter to length ratio, and compact construction for the same power level than radial-flux motors (RFM). Hence, AFM are attractive alternative to conventional RFM for applying in low torque and speed servo control systems. Additionally, magnetic Hall-effect sensors and commutation circuits are unsuitable for environment with high temperature and restricted space, so sensorless driving control method of AFM by detecting zero-crossing of back-EMF signals has been achieved. Furthermore, coreless design can reduce motor total weight, normal attractive force and torque pulsation and can increase efficiency of machines as compared with conventional design with cores. Thus, this study focuses on sensorless AFM design applying for blowers in vacuum cleaners to follow the concepts of axial-flux, edge-wire with high space-utilization factors, and stators without ferromagnetic cores. The closed-loop velocity controller designs by adopting proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and fuzzy logic control (FLC) algorithms have been demonstrated effectively for the design sensorless AFM of blowers in vacuum cleaners. As a result, the settling time of velocity closed-loop control methods can be converged within 1.0 second; i.e. the vacuum cleaners can switch and operate in various speeds with different operational environment rapidly. Therefore, the system characteristics and lifetime of the designed sensorless AFM have been enhanced and satisfied the demands of blowers to employ in vacuum cleaners.

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11

Hai-Jiao Guo, S. Sagawa, T. Watanabe, and O. Ichinokura. "Sensorless driving method of permanent-magnet synchronous motors based on neural networks." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 39, no. 5 (September 2003): 3247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2003.816736.

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12

Kyuhata, Atsuki, Shigeo Morimoto, Yukinori Inoue, and Masayuki Sanada. "Driving Experiment of Sensorless Control System for SynRM at Whole Speed Region." Journal of the Japan Institute of Power Electronics 45 (2019): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.5416/jipe.45.190.

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13

Kim, Tae-Yeong, Yong-Ho Yoon, and Chung-Yuen Won. "An improved sensorless driving method for SRM using a phase-shift circuit technique." Mechatronics 19, no. 1 (February 2009): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2008.06.007.

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14

De Angelo, C., G. Bossio, J. Solsona, G. O. Garcia, and M. I. Valla. "Mechanical sensorless speed control of permanent-magnet AC motors driving an unknown load." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 53, no. 2 (April 2006): 406–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2006.870723.

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15

Yu, C. H., and T. C. Chen. "Novel sensorless driving method of SRM with external rotor using impressed voltage pulse." IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications 153, no. 5 (2006): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-epa:20050460.

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16

Chen, Shen Li, and C. K. Lee. "A Single-Chip Design for the Three-Phase BDCM System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.742.

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In this work, we present a sensorless single-chip design for the three-phase brushless DC motors (BDCM) system, and which is implemented by a 0.35um CMOS process. A mixed-signal IC will be accomplished by the implementation of analog circuit and digital circuit in the same chip. Eventually, this chip system includes an analog circuit (Hall signal amplifier), a digital circuit (logic process block), and a frequency voltage converter (FVC) to complete the control & driving circuits. Experimental results are included to verify the proposed scheme.

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17

Matsuse, K., T. Baba, I. Masukane, H. Ohta, and R. Tsuchimoto. "Position-sensorless starting method and driving characteristics of closed-slot small permanent-magnet motor." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 39, no. 2 (March 2003): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2003.808951.

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18

Li, Bo, Wenqing Ge, Qiang Li, Yujiao Li, and Cao Tan. "Gearshift Sensorless Control for Direct-Drive-Type AMT Based on Improved GA-BP Neural Network Algorithm." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (March 19, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6456410.

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The automated mechanical transmission (AMT) based on the electromagnetic linear driving device (EMLDD) has good potential for shift performance. However, the direct-drive shifting mechanism based on the displacement sensor is difficult to meet the compactness of the structure and control robustness in complex environment. Through analyzing the working principle of the electromagnetic linear driving device and features of sensorless control strategy, a new displacement prediction method based on the improved GA-BP neural network is proposed to replace the displacement sensor. With current, voltage, and input shaft speed of the electromagnetic linear driving device as input, displacement prediction is obtained by the GA-BP neural network with improved selection factor. Finally, the experiment validated the effectiveness of displacement prediction based on the improved GA-BP neural network of shift control. The results showed that prediction accuracy of the improved GA-BP neural network was greater than 96% under all shift working conditions. The average RMSE was reduced by 21.8%, absolute error of displacement prediction was controlled within ±0.5 mm, and average shift time was less than 0.18 s. In this paper, the BP neural network is applied to complex linear displacement prediction, which has important application and popularization value.

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19

Li, Hui, Xing Qiao Liu, and Jing Li. "Three-Motor Synchronization Control Strategy Based on the New Speed Sensorless Active Disturbance Rejection Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 1078–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.1078.

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A new control method based on speed sensorless active disturbance rejection control (SS-ADRC) is proposed for overcoming the shortage of traditional PID control method in the application of the multi-motor synchronization system. By using the extended state observer (ESO), the internal and external disturbances in the system are compensated. According to the data driving principle, the formula of speed identification is inferred. Disturbances can be estimated online through ESO, and then speed value can also be identified by ESO. The simulation results show: the control system have strong decoupling ability, accurate speed identification ability, and good dynamic performance.

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20

Wang, Gui Rong, and Zhi Hong Zhao. "A New Position-Estimated Algorithm of PMLSM Sensorless Driving System in Full Scope of Speed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 1412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.1412.

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Considering the issue that it is difficult to precisely extract the rotor information within the full scope of speed for PMLSM sensorless driving system,this paper proposes a convenient position estimation algorithm based on a new type of closed-loop observer to adapt the characteristics of wide range of linear motor speed variation.To accurately estimate the rotor position information for PMLSM system with speed varying from launching to full speed,the new algorithm is like following: based on the three-phase stationary coordinate system of PMLSM voltage model, deduce quadrature-axis current differential equations from its rotating coordinate system(d-q axis)voltage model through by Parker transformed. moreover,get the actual alternating axis current by current measuring circuit. By driving a closed-loop observer through difference between the two current differential to input and process the difference of magnetic polo position by PI algorithm, then estimate the position of the motor.Simulation results show that the convenient algorithm with position closed-loop observer can estimate the location of the motor relatively accurately in full range of speed.

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21

Bodnicki, Maciej, and Michał Dominiczak. "Control of Miniature Linear Actuator Using Sensorless Measurement of Position of a DC Driving Micromotor." Procedia Engineering 177 (2017): 444–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.02.243.

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22

Wei Qiao, Wei Zhou, J. M. Aller, and R. G. Harley. "Wind Speed Estimation Based Sensorless Output Maximization Control for a Wind Turbine Driving a DFIG." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 23, no. 3 (May 2008): 1156–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2008.921185.

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23

Cao, Wujing, Hongliu Yu, Xinyu Wu, Sujiao Li, Qiaoling Meng, and Chunjie Chen. "Development and Evaluation of a Rehabilitation Wheelchair with Multiposture Transformation and Smart Control." Complexity 2021 (February 27, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6628802.

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Stroke and other neurological disorders have an effect on mobility which has a significant impact on independence and quality of life. The core rehabilitation requirements for patients with lower limb motor dysfunction are gait training, restand, and mobility. In this work, we introduce a newly developed multifunctional wheelchair that we call “ReChair” and evaluated its performance preliminarily. ReChair seamlessly integrates the mobility, gait training, and multiposture transformation. ReChair driving and multiposture transformation are done using the voice, button, and mobile terminal control. This work describes the functional requirements, mechanical structure, and control system and the overall evaluation of ReChair including the kinematic simulation of the multiposture transformation and passive lower limb rehabilitation training to quantitatively verify the motion capability of ReChair, the voice control system evaluation that shows how the voice recognition system is suitable for home environment, the sensorless speed detection test results that indicate how the wheel speeds measured by sensorless method are appropriate for travelling control, and the passive and balance training test results that show how the lower limb rehabilitation training in daily life by ReChair is convenient. Finally, the experimental results show that ReChair meets the patients’ requirements and has practical significance. It is cost-effective, easy to use, and supports multiple control modes to adapt to different rehabilitation phases.

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24

Cardenas, R., R. Pena, G. Asher, and J. Clare. "Power Smoothing in Wind Generation Systems Using a Sensorless Vector Controlled Induction Machine Driving a Flywheel." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 19, no. 1 (March 2004): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tec.2003.816605.

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25

Al-Sharman, Mohammad, David Murdoch, Dongpu Cao, Chen Lv, Yahya Zweiri, Derek Rayside, and William Melek. "A sensorless state estimation for a safety-oriented cyber-physical system in urban driving: Deep learning approach." IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 8, no. 1 (January 2021): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jas.2020.1003474.

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26

Sun, Shu Wen, Tao Tao Hu, Gang Zheng, and Chun Min Ma. "Research on Self-Sensing Signal Identification and Extraction Technology of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 1102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.1102.

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To realize the closed-cycle control of the giant magnetostricitive accurate driver sensorless, it must make the effective identification and precise extraction to the self-sensing signal of the driver. Based on the characteristic of self-permeability change of the magnetostricitive material under the effect of the external loading, establishing the electromagnetic model which can reflect the dynamic feature of the driver and the bridge circuit analysis model of GMM self-sensing driver. According to the established eletromagnetic and mechanical models, it proposes a kind of new self-sensing signal extraction technology, to make the driving function and self-sensing function to be realized by using a coil. Besides, it presents the schematic circuit diagram and analyzes the working principle of the circuit. The research of the experiment indicates that the circuit designed can successfully detect the variation of the displacement of the driver.

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27

Ren, Peng Fei, and Shi Yong Geng. "Research on Electric Vehicle Motor Control Technology Based on Non-Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 608-609 (October 2014): 816–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.608-609.816.

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In the concept of energy-saving, emission reduction and green environmental protection idea, electric cars emerge as the times require. Its appearance makes the driving system of vehicle change from the original fuel engine into electric energy, which can be regarded as the milepost of automobile manufacturing industry. The promotion and usage of electric vehicle not only greatly reduces fuel consumption, but also further reduces the pollution of the environment. In the electric vehicle research and development process, the motor control is a key technology; and the previous designs adopted the sensor technology. Although this method is simple and convenient, yet the sensor increases the cost, but also influences the reliability of the control system. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a motor sensorless control technology. Based on this point, this paper makes a research on electric vehicle motor control technology based on non-sensor.

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28

Trancho, E., E. Ibarra, A. Arias, I. Kortabarria, P. Prieto, I. Martínez de Alegría, J. Andreu, and I. López. "Sensorless control strategy for light-duty EVs and efficiency loss evaluation of high frequency injection under standardized urban driving cycles." Applied Energy 224 (August 2018): 647–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.05.019.

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29

König, Niklas, Matthias Nienhaus, and Emanuele Grasso. "Analysis of Current Ripples in Electromagnetic Actuators with Application to Inductance Estimation Techniques for Sensorless Monitoring." Actuators 9, no. 1 (March 6, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act9010017.

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Techniques for estimating the plunger position have successfully proven to support operation and monitoring of electromagnetic actuators without the necessity of additional sensors. Sophisticated techniques in this field make use of an oversampled measurement of the rippled driving current in order to reconstruct the position. However, oversampling algorithms place high demands on AD converters and require significant computational effort which are not desirable in low-cost actuation systems. Moreover, such low-cost actuators are affected by eddy currents and parasitic capacitances, which influence the current ripple significantly. Therefore, in this work, those current ripples are modeled and analyzed extensively taking into account those effects. The Integrator-Based Direct Inductance Measurement (IDIM) technique, used for processing the current ripples, is presented and compared experimentally to an oversampling technique in terms of noise robustness and implementation effort. A practical use case scenario in terms of a sensorless end-position detection for a switching solenoid is discussed and evaluated. The obtained results prove that the IDIM technique outperforms oversampling algorithms under certain conditions in terms of noise robustness, thereby requiring less sampling and calculation effort. The IDIM technique is shown to provide a robust position estimation in low-cost applications as in the presented example involving a end-position detection.

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30

Morfin, Onofre A., Riemann Ruiz-Cruz, Jesus I. Hernández, Carlos E. Castañeda, Reymundo Ramírez-Betancour, and Fredy A. Valenzuela-Murillo. "Real-Time Sensorless Robust Velocity Controller Applied to a DC-Motor for Emulating a Wind Turbine." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040868.

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The wind power systems of variable velocity using a doubly-fed induction generator dominate large-scale electrical generation within renewable energy sources. The usual control goal of the wind systems consists of maximizing the wind energy capture and streamlining the energy conversion process. In addition, these systems are an intermittent energy source due to the variation of the wind velocity. Consequently, the control system designed to establish a reliable operation of the wind system represents the main challenge. Therefore, emulating the operation of the wind turbine by means of an electric motor is a common strategy so that the controller design is focused on the induction generator and its connection to the utility grid. Thus, we propose to emulate the dynamical operation of a wind turbine through a separately excited DC motor driving by a sensor-less velocity controller. This controller is synthesized based on the state-feedback linearization technique combined with the super-twisting algorithm to set a robust closed-loop system in the presence of external disturbances. A robust velocity observer is designed to estimate the rotor velocity based on the armature current measuring. Furthermore, a robust differentiator is designed for estimating the time derivative of the velocity error variable, achieving a reduction in the computational calculus. Experimental tests were carried using a separately excited DC motor coupled with a dynamometer to validate the proposed wind turbine emulator.

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31

YOSHIDA, Takahiro, Yoshiyuki NODA, Takanori MIYOSHI, Naohiko SUGANUMA, Masayuki NISHIDA, and Kazuhiko TERASHIMA. "Sensorless Driving Control to Achieve both Residual Vibration Suppression and High-precise Positioning in a Stepping Motor with a Full-step Drive." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 49, no. 6 (2013): 625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr.49.625.

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32

Hassan, Marwa, Alsnosy Balbaa, Hanady Issa, and Noha El-Amary. "Asymptotic Output Tracked Artificial Immunity Controller for Eco-Maximum Power Point Tracking of Wind Turbine Driven by Doubly Fed Induction Generator." Energies 11, no. 10 (October 2, 2018): 2632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102632.

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This paper aims to design a controller for a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) targeting the Eco-Maximum Power Point Tracking (EMPPT) for environmental aspects. The proposed controller consists of two clusters, which are the novel Artificial Immunity sensorless Eco-Maximum Power Point Tracking (AI EMPPT) and the asymptotic non-linear control techniques. The main target of the AI EMPPT is to reduce the carbon dioxide emission by generating the maximum possible power from the renewable electrical energy resource, which is wind electrical power generation to replace the fossil-fuel conventional generation. To build the AI EMPPT, an Artificial Immunity System Estimator (AISE) based on artificial immunity technique and a Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) are used to estimate the DFIG rotor speed. Then, the AI EMPPT is applied to provide the reference electromagnetic torque signal. Subsequently, the reference electromagnetic torque interacts with the estimated generator speed, determined by the wind mechanical power, to supply the wind electrical power. The second cluster is the asymptotic non-linear control technique which proposes the reference signal tracking of the rotor direct and quadratic current, respectively. Thus, assigning specific zeros through feedback ensures the reproduction of an output that converges asymptotically to a required reference rotor current. For online operation, the Artificial Immunity Technique (AIT) is utilized to deal with the generated control reference signal. A proposal hardware implementation on Field Programmed Gate Array (FPGA) is also presented. The introduced approach was applied to a wind turbine generator driving a 3.7 kW load. MATLAB program was used to simulate and test the performance of the proposed control methods. The results to show the effectiveness of the proposed technique. The reduction in CO2 emission was calculated.

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33

Ramsauer, Martin, Michael Kastner, Paolo Ferrara, Ronald Naderer, and Hubert Gattringer. "A Pneumatically Driven Stewart Platform Used as Fault Detection Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 186 (June 2012): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.186.227.

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This paper investigates the sensorless detection and evaluation of inner oscillations of unknown test objects mounted on a compliant test bench. The principle of the sensorless analysis is that test objects are not totally rigid in reality. This means one or more parts of the test objects are oscillating with different eigenfrequencies compared to their rigid equivalent. By comparing eigenfrequencies of both (rigid and fault test object) oscillating parts are detectable. The aim of this experiment is to demonstrate the use of a 6 DOF compliant Stewart platform (alternatively used in a simulation environment) to generate frequency sweeps in all degrees of freedom, to get a sensorless detection of vibrations in unknown objects. For this purpose only the preexisting sensors applied for the control of the hexapod should be used. The detection of loose parts by shaking objects can be done by a complex robotic manipulation task. Being designed for flexible use by small and medium-sized enterprises, the robotic Stewart platform (hexapod) will adapt autonomously to different test objects leading to a highly flexible robot.

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34

Park, Gwangmin, Gyeongil Kim, and Bon-Gwan Gu. "Sensorless PMSM Drive Inductance Estimation Based on a Data-Driven Approach." Electronics 10, no. 7 (March 26, 2021): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070791.

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In the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) sensorless drive method, motor inductance is a decisive parameter for rotor position estimation. Due to core magnetic saturation, the motor current easily invokes inductance variation and degrades rotor position estimation accuracy. For a constant load torque, saturated inductance and inductance error in the sensorless drive method are constant. Inductance error results in constant rotor position estimation error and minor degradations, such as less optimal torque current, but no speed estimation error. For a periodic load torque, the inductance parameter error periodically fluctuates and, as a result, the position estimation error and speed error also periodically fluctuate. Periodic speed error makes speed regulation and load torque compensation especially difficult. This paper presents an inductance parameter estimator based on polynomial neural network (PNN) machine learning for PMSM sensorless drive with a period load torque compensator. By applying an inductance estimator, we also proposed a magnetic saturation compensation method to minimize periodic speed fluctuation. Simulation and experiments were conducted to validate the proposed method by confirming improved position and speed estimation accuracy and reduced system vibration against periodic load torque.

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35

SOURANDER, Tom, Tatiana MINAV, Matti PIETOLA, and Henri HÄNNINEN. "Sensorless position control of direct driven hydraulic actuators." JFPS International Journal of Fluid Power System 11, no. 3 (2019): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5739/jfpsij.11.26.

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Vitiello, Nicola, Tommaso Lenzi, Stefano Marco Maria De Rossi, Stefano Roccella, and Maria Chiara Carrozza. "A sensorless torque control for Antagonistic Driven Compliant Joints." Mechatronics 20, no. 3 (April 2010): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2010.02.001.

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Kumar, Rajan, and Bhim Singh. "Solar PV powered‐sensorless BLDC motor driven water pump." IET Renewable Power Generation 13, no. 3 (December 10, 2018): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2018.5717.

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Kosaki, Takahiro, and Shigang Li. "A Water-Hydraulic Upper-Limb Assistive Exoskeleton System with Displacement Estimation." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 32, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2020.p0149.

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This paper describes the development of an angle-sensorless exoskeleton with a tap water-driven artificial muscle actuator. The artificial muscle actuator consisted of an elastic rubber tube reinforced by braided fiber. Such actuators are highly flexible, lightweight, and water-resistant, and thus are inherently safe even for operations in direct contact with humans. An estimation system for the displacement of the artificial muscle actuator based on the water flow rates detected by flowmeters was constructed for the water-hydraulic exoskeleton. In addition, estimators of the velocity and acceleration of the actuator based on the estimated displacement and the measured flow rates were derived and incorporated into the estimation system. With this system, our previous wearable upper-limb assistive exoskeleton prototype was converted into an angle-sensorless version with higher safety in wet conditions. Its assistive performance was evaluated through experiments with research participants. Experimental results demonstrated that muscle activity could be reduced, although an assistive control strategy was executed with the variables estimated, excluding force.

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Saleh, Kamel, and Mark Sumner. "Sensorless Control of a Fault Tolerant PMSM Drives in Case of Single-Phase Open Circuit Fault." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i4.pp1061-1074.

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This paper introduces a sensorless-speed-controlled PMSM motor fed by a four-leg inverter in case of a single phase open circuit fault regardless in which phase is the fault. To minimize the system performance degradation due to a single phase open circuit fault, a fault tolerant control strategy that includes taking appropriate actions to control the two remaining healthy currents is used in addition to use the fourth leg of the inverter. Tracking the saliency is done through measuring the dynamic current responses of the healthy phases of the PMSM motor due the IGBT switching actions using the fundamental PWM method without introducing any modification to the operation of the fourth leg of the inverter. Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy for sensorless controlling of a PMSM motor driven by a fault-tolerant four-phase inverter over a wide speed ranges under the case of a single phase open circuit.

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Luo, Yin, Shouqi Yuan, Jianping Yuan, and Hui Sun. "Induction motor current signature for centrifugal pump load." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 11 (May 4, 2015): 1890–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215585596.

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Sensorless monitoring technology based on motor current signature analysis is a nonintrusive and economical technique to monitor motor-driven equipment. Sensorless monitoring technology can be applied to a centrifugal pump system. This technology is also based on the motor current signature of centrifugal pump load; however, systematic research regarding motor current signature in overall normal operation points which is the applied basic for sensorless monitoring technology has been rarely performed. As such, we partially examined the motor current signature of a centrifugal pump load by experimental observation, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation. Results show that stator current is a sinusoidal alternating current that strictly follows sine law associated with the cycle of the fundamental frequency of supply power. The trend of the root mean square and peak–peak of current is the same as flow–shaft power characteristics; hence, this trend could be used as indicator of the pump operational point monitor. The frequency characteristics of a centrifugal pump, such as blade passing frequency, rotation frequency, and broadband noise, could be reflected as sidebands around the fundamental frequency. The stator current spectrum is composed of fundamental frequency component, harmonics component, and noise. The fundamental frequency component is directly related to the pump load in which changes associated with the law of fundamental frequency component are relatively similar to flow–shaft power characteristics. Harmonics component and noise are caused by load fluctuation in which the amount of energy of these two components exhibits a lower value at the preferred operation point. By contrast, the amount of energy likely increases when pump operation is at an unstable operation point. These results further indicate that motor current signature analysis is a feasible and cost-effective method to monitor centrifugal pump operation status. Therefore, motor current signature analysis can be applied to monitor-related flow phenomena.

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Yamada, Yuki, Yasuhiro Kakinuma, Takamichi Ito, Jun Fujita, Makoto Sawazaki, and Makoto Sagara. "Sensorless Cutting Force Estimation in Ball-Screw-Driven System Using Triple-Inertia Model." Advanced Materials Research 1017 (September 2014): 619–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1017.619.

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In this paper, we propose cutting-force-estimation method for a ball-screw-driven system using triple inertia model. In many cases, dual-inertia model is applied to describe the dynamic behavior of the ball-screw-driven system. In this paper, triple-inertia model is applied and cutting force was estimated without additional sensors, such as dynamometer. The cutting force observer is designed, regarding the ball-screw-driven system as two input and three output system. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method enables accurate estimation around the resonance frequencies. Experimental results showed that the proposed method could monitor external force without being interrupted by the inertia forces.Nomenclature

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Shi, X. J., C. X. Zhang, and Jun Peng Shao. "Sensorless Detection and Diagnosis Method for Induction Motor and its Driven Equipment." Key Engineering Materials 392-394 (October 2008): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.392-394.98.

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The mechanical equipments driven by induction motor are widely used in manufacturing. Aiming at this type of equipment, some holes are advisedly drilled on the bars to simulate the broken bar faults of the motor, and with on-off loads changes of output circuit of the load generator, forced torsional vibration of rotor was generated. Using the above simulation test ways, the typical faults of motor and its driven equipment are tested and analyzed. In addition, an signal analysis method using Hilbert conversion envelope spectrum and real modulation zoom envelope spectrum is proposed, this method can effectively extract the faults information of stator current, reject the useless power frequency. The experimental results indicate that: this method can identify not only the faults of the motor itself, but also municipal fault types of the motor’s driven equipment. Especially, through the contrastive experiments on the unbalance and the torsional vibration of the rotor, the conclusion is made that the method is more sensitive to torsional vibration detection. Also, it develops a new direction for the application and the research of sensorless detection and diagnosis method.

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Yamada, Yuki, Yasuhiro Kakinuma, Takamichi Ito, Jun Fujita, Atsushi Tada, and Makoto Sagara. "Sensorless Cutting Force Estimation in Large Scale Ball-Screw-Driven Machine Tool." Advanced Materials Research 1136 (January 2016): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1136.645.

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The cutting force is widely regarded as being the most valuable information when observing a metal cutting process. Considering practicability, indirect cutting force measurement methods which forego additional sensors have been studied in academic field. Disturbance observer-based cutting force estimation method was known as a typical example, and its validity was verified in linear motor driven stage. However, accurate cutting force estimation is still difficult in ball-screw driven stage because of non-linear friction and resonance. In this study, feasibility of sensorless cutting force estimation was verified by using large scale commercial machine tool. Considering that the motion of rotational and translational elements independently, cutting force observer (CFOB) was modeled as two-degree-of-freedom system. The CFOB was mounted to control systems of both stage and spindle head which were driven by ball-screw and servo motor. While friction force and torque have non-linear position dependence, high repeatability was confirmed. Thus, their non-linearity could be attenuated by identifying friction force and torque beforehand machining operation. From experimental results, it was shown that tooth-pass frequency and second harmonics component of the cutting forces could be estimated accurately by using the CFOB. The results were acquired from control systems of both stage and spindle head.

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Kosaka, Manabu, and Hiroshi Uda. "Parameters Identification for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Driven by Sensorless Control." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 28, no. 4 (December 2009): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0263-0923.28.4.269.

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Guo, Yu, Xiao Wang, Yougui Guo, and Wenlang Deng. "Speed-sensorless direct torque control scheme for matrix converter driven induction motor." Journal of Engineering 2018, no. 13 (January 1, 2018): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.0016.

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Aoshima, Ichiro, Masaaki Yoshikawa, Nobuhito Ohnuma, and Shinji Shinnaka. "Development of Electric Scooter Driven by Sensorless Motor Using D-State-Observer." World Electric Vehicle Journal 3, no. 1 (March 27, 2009): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj3010048.

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Yamada, Yuki, and Yasuhiro Kakinuma. "Sensorless cutting force estimation for full-closed controlled ball-screw-driven stage." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 87, no. 9-12 (April 13, 2016): 3337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-016-8710-5.

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Pahlevani, Majid, Suzan Eren, Hamid Pahlevaninezhad, Iman Askarian, and Snehal Bagawade. "Digital Current Sensorless Control of Current-Driven Full-Bridge DC/DC Converters." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 33, no. 2 (February 2018): 1797–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2017.2688479.

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Zhang, X. Z. "Sliding-mode Observer Design for Wheel Speed of Sensorless Distributed Driven Electric Vehicles." International Journal of Control and Automation 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2017): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijca.2017.10.2.24.

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Pei, Pei, Zhongcai Pei, Zhengqiang Shi, Zhiyong Tang, and Yang Li. "Sensorless Control for Joint Drive Unit of Lower Extremity Exoskeleton with Cascade Feedback Observer." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (October 30, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3029514.

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In this paper, a sensorless control method for joint drive unit driven by BLDC motor of low extremity exoskeleton, cascade feedback observer identification method, is proposed. The cascade feedback observer identification method is based on improved Integral-Switching-Function Sliding-Mode-Observer (ISF-SMO) and adaptive FIR filter. The improved Integral-Switching-Function Sliding-Mode-Observer is used to identify the back-EMF of motor. The sliding mode surface redesigned according to Integral-Switching-Function (ISF) eliminates the inevitable chattering problem in conventional Sliding-Mode-Observer (SMO). The stability condition of Integral-Switching-Function Sliding-Mode-Observer is obtained with Lyapunov function. Meanwhile, considering the estimation error and system instability caused by the mismatch between the actual resistance value (Rs) and the set resistance value, the LMS algorithm is used to estimate the resistance value online according to the structure of adaptive FIR filter. When system is running, the modified Integral-Switching-Function Sliding-Mode-Observer and adaptive FIR filter are used to modify the back-EMF and the resistance value by cascading feedback relation, and the modified back-EMF value is taken as the final output of the system. Because of considering the uncertainty of resistance caused by temperature variation, the robustness and stability of the cascade feedback observer can be improved. Meanwhile, higher estimation accuracy is obtained, and operation range of sensorless control is extended, which is suitable for motor in low speed region. Finally, the correctness and validity of the proposed method are verified by simulations and experiments.

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