Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sensor RADAR SAR X band

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Academic literature on the topic 'Sensor RADAR SAR X band'

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Published: 16 June 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sensor RADAR SAR X band"

1

Mulas, M., M. Petitta, A. Corsini, S. Schneiderbauer, F. V. Mair, and C. Iasio. "Long-term monitoring of a deep-seated, slow-moving landslide by mean of C-band and X-band advanced interferometric products: the Corvara in Badia case study (Dolomites, Italy)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 29, 2015): 827–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-827-2015.

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The availability of data from various Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) operating in X-Band and C-Band acquired in the last decades enables to monitor slopes affected by landslides. The ASI-founded project ‘LAWINA’ (2010 – 2012) aimed at the improvement of SAR – based monitoring techniques as well as at the integration of SAR data with data stemming from other sensors. Test case area of LAWINA has been a slow-moving landslide located up-stream of Corvara in Badia village in the Dolomites, Italy. Within the scope of the project different time-series obtained through 35 Envisat2, 40 Radarsat-1 and 46 Cosmo-SkyMed covering this test area have been processed in order to explore the potentials to analyse historical and near real time landslide dynamics. The SAR data are characterized by various geometric and temporal resolutions having been acquired by 3 sensors operating at different bands in different periods between 2003 and 2011. TeleRilevamento Europa (TRE) exploited these data in order to retrive displacement timeseries applying its proprietary SqueeSAR algorithm. After re-projecting Envisat-2 and Radarsat datasets according to the CSK Line Of Sight a comparison of displacements recorded by each sensor has been possible. For this purpose, we have selected areas characterized by the presence of Persistent Scatterers or Diffused Scatterers from at least two datasets. This multi-sensor approach allowed determining the slope displacement tracking during 8 years. Even though the different time series are not formally integrated each other, the result is accurate enough to allow the evaluation of the landslide’s behaviour and trend over several years.
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Wiig, Frances, Michael Harrower, Alexander Braun, Smiti Nathan, Joseph Lehner, Katie Simon, Jennie Sturm, et al. "Mapping a Subsurface Water Channel with X-Band and C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar at the Iron Age Archaeological Site of ‘Uqdat al-Bakrah (Safah), Oman." Geosciences 8, no. 9 (September 5, 2018): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8090334.

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Subsurface imaging in arid regions is a well-known application of satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). Archaeological prospection has often focused on L-band SAR sensors, given the ability of longer wavelengths to penetrate more deeply into sand. In contrast, this study demonstrates capabilities of shorter-wavelength, but higher spatial resolution, C-band and X-band SAR sensors in archaeological subsurface imaging at the site of ‘Uqdat al-Bakrah (Safah), Oman. Despite having varying parameters and acquisitions, both the X-band and C-band images analyzed were able to identify a subsurface paleo-channel that is not visible on the ground surface. This feature was first identified through Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey, then recognized in the SAR imagery and further verified by test excavations. Both the GPR and the excavations reveal the base of the paleo-channel at a depth of 0.6 m–0.7 m. Hence, both X-band and C-band wavelengths are appropriate for subsurface archaeological prospection in suitable (dry silt and sand) conditions with specific acquisition parameters. Moreover, these results offer important new insights into the paleo-environmental context of ancient metal-working at ‘Uqdat al-Bakrah and demonstrate surface water flow roughly contemporary with the site’s occupation.
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Marzano, F. S., S. Mori, M. Chini, L. Pulvirenti, N. Pierdicca, M. Montopoli, and J. A. Weinman. "Potential of high-resolution detection and retrieval of precipitation fields from X-band spaceborne synthetic aperture radar over land." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 3 (March 11, 2011): 859–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-859-2011.

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Abstract. X-band Synthetic Aperture Radars (X-SARs), able to image the Earth's surface at metric resolution, may provide a unique opportunity to measure rainfall over land with spatial resolution of about few hundred meters, due to the atmospheric moving-target degradation effects. This capability has become very appealing due to the recent launch of several X-SAR satellites, even though several remote sensing issues are still open. This work is devoted to: (i) explore the potential of X-band high-resolution detection and retrieval of rainfall fields from space using X-SAR signal backscattering amplitude and interferometric phase; (ii) evaluate the effects of spatial resolution degradation by precipitation and inhomogeneous beam filling when comparing to other satellite-based sensors. Our X-SAR analysis of precipitation effects has been carried out using both a TerraSAR-X (TSX) case study of Hurricane "Gustav" in 2008 over Mississippi (USA) and a COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) X-SAR case study of orographic rainfall over Central Italy in 2009. For the TSX case study the near-surface rain rate has been retrieved from the normalized radar cross section by means of a modified regression empirical algorithm (MREA). A relatively simple method to account for the geometric effect of X-SAR observation on estimated rainfall rate and first-order volumetric effects has been developed and applied. The TSX-retrieved rain fields have been compared to those estimated from the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) in Mobile (AL, USA). The rainfall detection capability of X-SAR has been tested on the CSK case study using the repeat-pass coherence response and qualitatively comparing its signature with ground-based Mt. Midia C-band radar in central Italy. A numerical simulator to represent the effect of the spatial resolution and the antenna pattern of TRMM satellite Precipitation Radar (PR) and Microwave Imager (TMI), using high-resolution TSX-retrieved rain images, has been also set up in order to evaluate the rainfall beam filling phenomenon. As expected, the spatial average can modify the statistics of the high-resolution precipitation fields, strongly reducing its dynamics in a way non-linearly dependent on the rain rate local average value.
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Marzano, F. S., S. Mori, M. Chini, L. Pulvirenti, N. Pierdicca, M. Montopoli, and J. A. Weinman. "Potential of high-resolution detection and retrieval of precipitation fields from X-band spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar over land." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 5 (September 29, 2010): 7451–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-7451-2010.

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Abstract. X-band Synthetic Aperture Radars (X-SARs), able to image the Earth's surface at metric resolution, may provide a unique opportunity to measure rainfall over land with spatial resolution of about few hundred meters, due to the atmospheric moving-target degradation effects. This capability has become very appealing due to the recent launch of several X-SAR satellites, even though several remote sensing issues are still open. This work is devoted to: (i) explore the potential of X-band high-resolution detection and retrieval of rainfall fields from space using X-SAR signal backscattering amplitude and interferometric phase; (ii) evaluate the effects of spatial resolution degradation by precipitation and inhomogeneous beam filling when comparing to other satellite-based sensors. Our X-SAR analysis of precipitation effects has been carried out using both a TerraSAR-X (TSX) case study of Hurricane "Gustav" in 2008 over Mississippi (USA) and a COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) X-SAR case study of orographic rainfall over Central Italy in 2009. For the TSX case study the near-surface rain rate has been retrieved from the normalized radar cross section by means of a modified regression empirical algorithm (MREA). A relatively simple method to account for the geometric effect of X-SAR observation on estimated rainfall rate and first-order volumetric effects has been developed and applied. The TSX-retrieved rain fields have been compared to those estimated from the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) in Mobile (AL, USA). The rainfall detection capability of X-SAR has been tested on the CSK case study using the repeat-pass coherence response and qualitatively comparing its signature with ground-based Mt. Midia C-band radar in central Italy. A numerical simulator to represent the effect of the spatial resolution and the antenna pattern of TRMM satellite Precipitation Radar (PR) and Microwave Imager (TMI), using high-resolution TSX-retrieved rain images, has been also set up in order to evaluate the rainfall beam filling phenomenon. As expected, the spatial average can modify the statistics of the high-resolution precipitation fields, strongly reducing its dynamics in a way non-linearly dependent on the rainrate local average value.
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Arnieri, Emilio, Luigi Boccia, Giandomenico Amendola, Srdjan Glisic, Chun-Xu Mao, Steven (Shichang) Gao, Tobias Rommel, et al. "Channel characterization of a dual-band dual-polarized SAR with digital beamforming." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 12, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175907872000063x.

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AbstractThis paper presents the integration and channel characterization of a highly integrated dual-band digital beamforming space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) receiver. The proposed SAR sensor is a low-cost, lightweight, low-power consumption, and dual-band (X/Ka) dual-polarized module ready for the next-generation space-borne SAR missions. In previous works, by the authors, the design and experimental characterization of each sub-system was already presented and discussed. This work expands upon the previous characterization by providing an exhaustive experimental assessment of the fully integrated system. As it will be shown, the proposed tests were used to validate all the instrument channels in a set-up where the SAR sensor was illuminated by an external source minim the ground reflected waves. Test results demonstrate how the system channels are properly operating allowing the reception of the input signals and their processing in the digital domain. The possibility to easily implement a calibration procedure has also been validated to equalize, in the digital domain, the unavoidable amplitude differences between the different channels.
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Darmawan, Soni, Ita Carolita, Rika Hernawati, Dede Dirgahayu, Agustan, Didin Agustian Permadi, Dewi Kania Sari, Widya Suryadini, Dhimas Wiratmoko, and Yohanes Kunto. "The Potential Scattering Model for Oil Palm Phenology Based on Spaceborne X-, C-, and L-Band Polarimetric SAR Imaging." Journal of Sensors 2021 (March 6, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6625774.

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Information about oil palm phenology is required for oil palm plantation management, but using spaceborne polarimetric radar imagery remains challenging. However, spaceborne polarimetric radar on X-, C-, and L-band is promising on structure vegetation and cloud area. This study investigates the scattering model of oil palm phenology based on spaceborne X-, C-, and L-band polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging. The X-, C-, and L-band polarimetric SAR are derived from spaceborne of TerraSAR-X, Sentinel-1A, and ALOS PALSAR 2. Study area is located in oil palm plantations, Asahan District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The methodology includes data collection, preprocessing, radiometric calibration, speckle filtering, terrain correction, extraction of scattering value, and development of scattering model of oil palm phenology. The results showed different scattering characteristics for the X-, C-, and L-band polarimetric SAR of oil palm for age and found the potential of the scattering model for oil palm phenology based on the X-band on HH polarization that showed a nonlinear model with R 2 = 0.65 . The C-band on VH and VV polarization showed a nonlinear model with R 2 = 0.56 and R 2 = 0.89 . The L-band on HV and HH polarization showed a logarithmic model with R 2 = 0.50 and R 2 = 0.51 . In this case, the most potential of the scattering model of oil palm phenology based on R 2 is using C-band on VV polarization. However, the scattering model based on X-, C-, and L-band is potentially to be used and applied to identify the phenology of oil palm in Indonesia, which is the main parameter in yield estimation. For the future phenology model needs to improve accuracy by integrating multisensors, including different wavelengths on optical and microwave sensors and more in situ data.
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Petrushevsky, Naomi, Andrea Monti Guarnieri, Marco Manzoni, Claudio Prati, and Stefano Tebaldini. "An Operational Processing Framework for Spaceborne SAR Formations." Remote Sensing 15, no. 6 (March 18, 2023): 1644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15061644.

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The paper proposes a flexible and efficient wavenumber domain processing scheme suited for close formations of low earth orbiting (LEO) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors hosted on micro-satellites or CubeSats. Such systems aim to generate a high-resolution image by combining data acquired by each sensor with a low pulse repetition frequency (PRF). This is usually performed by first merging the different channels in the wavenumber domain, followed by bulk focusing. In this paper, we reverse this paradigm by first upsampling and focusing each acquisition and then combining the focused images to form a high-resolution, unambiguous image. Such a procedure is suited to estimate and mitigate artifacts generated by incorrect positioning of the sensors. An efficient wave–number method is proposed to focus data by adequately coping with the orbit curvature. Two implementations are provided with different quality/efficiency. The image quality in phase preservation, resolution, sidelobes, and ambiguities suppression is evaluated by simulating both point and distributed scatterers. Finally, a demonstration of the capability to compensate for ambiguities due to a small across-track baseline between sensors is provided by simulating a realistic X-band multi-sensor acquisition starting from a stack of COSMO-SkyMed images.
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Rott, Helmut. "Advances in interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) in earth system science." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 33, no. 6 (October 12, 2009): 769–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133309350263.

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During recent years, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry (InSAR) has become an important tool for precise measurements of the earth’s surface topography and deformation. This paper presents an overview on recent developments in InSAR applications, with emphasis on the use of satellite-borne sensors for applications in geoscience, topographic mapping, natural hazard monitoring and environmental research. InSAR measurement principles are briefly introduced. Recent results on the use of repeat-pass interferometry for mapping seismic and volcanic deformation, monitoring landslides and subsidence, and mapping glacier motion are described. Other InSAR applications introduced in the paper are: topographic mapping, retrieval of biogeophysical parameters on land surfaces, and measurements of water currents. Examples of interferometric products are shown for satellite-borne SAR systems operating at X-band, C-band and L-band radar frequencies. An outlook is provided on upcoming SAR systems which will spur further advances in InSAR techniques and applications.
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Notti, D., J. C. Davalillo, G. Herrera, and O. Mora. "Assessment of the performance of X-band satellite radar data for landslide mapping and monitoring: Upper Tena Valley case study." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 9 (September 7, 2010): 1865–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-1865-2010.

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Abstract. The aim of this work is to analyse the advantages and disadvantages of using the new X-band SAR data acquired by TerraSAR-X sensors for landslides mapping. This dataset has been processed using a Persistent Scatterer Interferometry technique over the Upper Tena Valley (Central Pyrenees, Spain). In the first section, the geological and geomorphological setting of the study area is introduced, focusing on the description of the landslide inventory. Then the Stable Point Network technique is briefly described, followed by the assessment of the performance of the X-band SAR dataset. In this context, we present first a model to predict the distribution of Persistent Scatterers based on the slope geometry and the land use information, which has then been validated with X-band data results. On a second stage, we have assessed the performance of X-band dataset to detect and monitor mapped landslides. Finally some illustrative case studies are shown demonstrating the potential of using X-band SAR data not only for landslide mapping but also to detect and monitor deformations affecting human infrastructures.
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Karimzadeh, Sadra, and Masashi Matsuoka. "Remote Sensing X-Band SAR Data for Land Subsidence and Pavement Monitoring." Sensors 20, no. 17 (August 22, 2020): 4751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174751.

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In this study, we monitor pavement and land subsidence in Tabriz city in NW Iran using X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensor of Cosmo-SkyMed (CSK) satellites (2017–2018). Fifteen CSK images with a revisit interval of ~30 days have been used. Because of traffic jams, usually cars on streets do not allow pure backscattering measurements of pavements. Thus, the major paved areas (e.g., streets, etc.) of the city are extracted from a minimum-based stacking model of high resolution (HR) SAR images. The technique can be used profitably to reduce the negative impacts of the presence of traffic jams and estimate the possible quality of pavement in the HR SAR images in which the results can be compared by in-situ road roughness measurements. In addition, a time series small baseline subset (SBAS) interferometric SAR (InSAR) analysis is applied for the acquired HR CSK images. The SBAS InSAR results show land subsidence in some parts of the city. The mean rate of line-of-sight (LOS) subsidence is 20 mm/year in district two of the city, which was confirmed by field surveying and mean vertical velocity of Sentinel-1 dataset. The SBAS InSAR results also show that 1.4 km2 of buildings and 65 km of pavement are at an immediate risk of land subsidence.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sensor RADAR SAR X band"

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Aubert, Maëlle. "Caractérisation de l’état de surface des sols nus agricoles par imagerie radar TerraSAR-X." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0047.

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Dans un contexte de développement durable, la gestion des sols et des ressources en eau est un enjeu primordial non seulement d’un point de vue environnemental mais aussi socio-économique. L’humidité, la rugosité, la composition et la structure du sol sont des variables clés pour la compréhension et la modélisation des catastrophes naturelles telles que l’érosion, la sécheresse ou les inondations. Pour des sols nus agricoles (très propices au ruissellement), de nombreuses études ont déjà montré le potentiel des données RADAR acquises en bande C pour la cartographie de l'humidité et la rugosité du sol. Cependant l’application de ces méthodes dans un cadre opérationnel était limitée.Dans ce contexte, les travaux de cette thèse présentent un premier volet sur l’analyse de la sensibilité aux états de surface (EDS) du sol du signal en bande X du capteur TerraSAR-X à très haute résolution spatiale et temporelle. Différentes configurations TerraSAR-X ont été analysées et les résultats ont permis de définir les configurations instrumentales optimales pour caractériser chaque paramètre d’EDS du sol. La comparaison de la sensibilité du capteur TerraSAR-X à celle des capteurs en bande C montre que le capteur TerraSAR-X est sans conteste le plus adapté pour estimer et cartographier l’humidité du sol à des échelles fines (50 m²).Le second volet était de développer une méthode permettant d’estimer et de cartographier l’humidité des sols nus agricoles. Dans ce but, les méthodes d'inversion généralement utilisées en bande C ont été testées sur les données en bande X. La précision sur les estimations d’humidité issues de l'algorithme d’inversion du signal TerraSAR-X a été déterminée et l’applicabilité de la méthode sur de nombreux sites d'étude a été testée avec succès. Une chaine de traitements cartographiques allant de la détection des sols nus à l’estimation de l’humidité et ne nécessitant qu’une seule image TerraSAR-X a été développée. Cette chaine innovante de traitements cartographiques « automatique et autonome » devrait permettre d’utiliser les données TerraSAR-X pour cartographier l’humidité du sol en mode opérationnel
In the context of sustainable development, soil and water resources management is a key issue from not only the environmental point of view, but also from a socioeconomic perspective. Soil moisture, roughness, composition, and slaking crusts are some key variables used to understand and model natural hazards, such as erosion, drought and floods. For agricultural bare soils (most subject to runoff), numerous studies have already shown the potential of C-band RADAR data for the mapping of soil moisture and roughness. However, the application of these methods in operational settings remained limited.In this context, the first objective of this thesis was to analyse the sensitivity of X-band TerraSAR-X sensors to soil surface characteristics (SSC) at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Different TerraSAR-X configurations were evaluated and results were used to define the optimal instrumental configuration for the characterization of each SSC parameter. The comparison of TerraSAR-X sensor sensitivity with equivalent levels recorded with the C-band sensor showed that the TerraSAR-X sensor is undoubtedly the most suitable of the two when estimating and mapping soil moisture at a fine scale (50 m²).The second objective of this work was to develop a method to estimate and map soil moisture levels of agricultural bare soil. To achieve this goal, methods that are commonly used to retrieve soil moisture from C-band, have been tested on X-band data. The accuracy of soil moisture estimations using an empirical algorithm was determined, and validated successfully over numerous study sites. A mapping process based uniquely on TerraSAR-X data, both for bare soil detection and for the estimation of soil moisture content, was developed. This innovative chain of « automatic and autonomous» mapping processing steps should enable the utilization of TerraSAR-X data for the mapping of soil moisture levels in operational conditions
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Algafsh, Abdullah. "Calibration of airborne L-, X-, and P-band fully polarimetric SAR systems using various corner reflectors." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26937.

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Synthetic aperture radar polarimetry is one of the current developments in the field of remote sensing, due to the ability of delivering more information on the physical properties of the surface. It is known as the science of acquiring, processing and analysing the polarisation state in an electromagnetic field. The increase of information with respect to scalar radar comes at a price, not only for the high cost of building the radar system and processing the data or increasing the complexity of the design, but also for the amount of effort needed to calibrate the data. Synthetic aperture radar polarimetric calibration is an essential pre- processing stage for the correction of distortion interference which is caused by the system inaccuracies as well as atmospheric effects. Our goal, with this thesis, is to use multiple passive point targets to establish the difference between fully, and compact polarimetric synthetic aperture radar systems on both calibration, and the effects of penetration. First, we detail the selection, design, manufacture, and deployment of different passive point targets in the field for acquiring X- and P-band synthetic aperture radar data in the Netherlands. We started by presenting the selection and design of multiple passive point targets. These were a combination of classic trihedral and dihedral corner reflectors, as well as gridded trihedral and dihedral corner reflectors. Additionally, we detailed the construction of these corner reflectors. The number of constructed corner reflector totalled sixteen, where six are for X-band and six for P-band, as well as four gridded corner reflectors for X-band. Finally, we present the deployment of the corner reflectors at three different sites with carefully surveyed and oriented positions. a Then, we present the calibration of three different fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar sensors. The first sensor is the L-band synthetic aperture radar sensor and we acquired data using two square trihedral corner reflectors. The calibration includes an evaluation of two crosstalk methods, which are the Quegan and the Ainsworth methods. The results showed that the crosstalk parameters for the Quegan method are all between -17 dB to -21 dB before calibration, while there is a small improvement in the range of 3 dB after calibration. While the Ainsworth method shows around -20 dB before calibration, and around -40 dB after calibration. Moreover, the phase, channel imbalance, and radiometric calibration were corrected using the two corner reflectors. Furthermore, the other two synthetic aperture radar sensors are X- and P-band synthetic aperture radar sensors, and we acquired polarimetric data using our sixteen corner reflectors. The calibration includes the crosstalk estimation, and correction using the Ainsworth method and the results showed the crosstalk parameters before calibration for X-band are around -23 dB, and they are around -43 dB after calibration, while crosstalk parameters before calibration for P-band are around -10 dB, and they are around -30 dB after calibration. The calibration also includes the phase, channel imbalance, and radiometric calibration, as well as geometric correction and signal noise ration measurement, for both X- and P-band. Next, we present the performance of gridded trihedral and dihedral corner reflectors using an X-band synthetic aperture radar system. The results showed both gridded trihedral and dihedral reflectors are perfect targets for correcting the amplitude compared to classical corner reflectors; however, it is not possible to use the gridded reflectors to correct the phase as we need a return from two channels to have a zero-phase difference between the polarisation channels H - V. Furthermore, we detail the compact polarimetric calibration over three com- pact polarimetric modes using a square trihedral corner reflector for the X-band dataset. The results showed no change in the π/mode while a 90ᵒ phase bias showed in the CTLR mode. Finally, the DCP mode showed a 64.43° phase difference, and it was corrected to have a zero phase, and the channel imbalance was very high at 45.92, the channels were adjusted to have a channel imbalance of 1. b Finally, an experiment to measure the penetration and reduction of P-band signal from a synthetic aperture radar system was performed using two triangular trihedral corner reflectors. Both of them have 1.5 m inner leg dimensions. The first triangular trihedral corner reflector was deployed in a deciduous grove of trees, while the other one was deployed a 10 m distance away on a grass covered field. After system calibration based on the reflector in the clear, the results showed a reduction of 0.6 dB in the HH channel, with 2.28 dB in the W channel. The larger attenuation at W is attributable to the vertical structure of the trees. Additionally, we measured the polarimetric degradation of the triangular trihedral corner reflector immersed in vegetation (trees). Further, after calibration, the co-polarisation phase difference is zero degrees for the triangular corner reflector which was outside the trees, and 62.85ᵒ for the corner reflector inside the trees. The designed and fabricated X- and P-band SAR can work operationally with the calibration parameters obtained in this thesis. The data generated through the calibration experiments can be exploited for further applications.
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Muirhead, Fiona. "Exploiting sparsity for persistent scatterer detection to aid X-band airborne SAR tomography." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28880.

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This thesis evaluates the potential for using line of sight returns and return signals from underneath a forest canopy using X-band, airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) tomography. Approximately 30% of the Earth’s land surface is covered by vegetation, therefore global digital elevation models (DEMs) contain a signal from the forest canopy and not the ground. By uncovering new techniques to find the ground signals, using data collected from airborne platforms as verification, such procedures could be applied to currently operational and future X-band, spaceborne systems with the aim of resolving much of the vegetation bias on an international scale. Data from three sources is presented; data collected from Selex ES’s SAR systems, the GOTCHA dataset and simulated data. Before carrying out tomography it is shown that SAR interferometry (InSAR) can successfully be applied to X-band, helicopter data. A scatterer defined as a candidate persistent scatterer (CPS) is introduced, where the pixels are stable and coherent over a matter of days. An algorithm for selecting CPSs is developed by exploiting sparsity and a novel choice of hard thresholding operator. Using simulated forestry and SAR information the effects of changing input parameters on the outcome of the tomographic profile is analysed. What is found in this study is that model simulations demonstrate that ground points can be detected if the platform motion is relatively stable and that temporal decorrelation over the forest volume is kept to a minimal. An understory can confuse the tomographic profile since less line of sight observations can be made. By combining line of sight observations alongside new tomography techniques on high resolution SAR data this thesis shows it is possible to detect ground scatterers, even at X-band.
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BERTOLDO, SILVANO. "X-band mini weather radar network and other wireless sensor networks for environmental monitoring." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2535714.

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The main section of the present Ph. D. thesis is related to X-band radars. Since 2005 the Remote Sensing Group of Department of Electronics and Telecommunications of Politecnico di Torino developed an X-band mini weather radar as a standalone sensor to measure rain. Some early results have been presented until 2011 showing the proper functioning and it has been decided to realize an experimental and operative integrated network of X-band radar devoted to rain measurement. The network structure deployed during the Ph. D. period is presented, together with the analysis, the study and the realizations of some operative services, calibration procedures (including Quantitative Precipitation Estimation, QPE) and software and applications developed for the institutions which support the network realizations. The design of an innovative and low cost method to check the radar stability and proper functioning is presented: by simply acquiring a large number of ground clutter echoes during clear sky days and computing some analysis, it is shown it is possible to identify some statistical indicators that allow users and radar operators to know if the radar equipments suffered some degradations of failure. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). After a study on WSN technologies for environmental monitoring, a first developed prototypal DGPS network is presented. Using the same multipurpose node designed for such network (or its updated releases with very small differences) and varying only their firmware, other two prototypal and fully operative WSNs are described. The designed choices are described for what concern both hardware and software.
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Bermejo, J. P. "A very high resolution X- and Ku-band field study of a barley crop in support of the SWINTOL Project." Thesis, 2016. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10259.

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SAR Wave INteraction for Natural Targets Over Land (SWINTOL) is a project funded by the European Space Agency. The study’s goal is to better understand the interaction of high frequency radar (> X-band) with vegetation and soils, in order to drive the development of a high-frequency electromagnetic model to simulate SAR imagery at high resolution (< 1 m). Existing models work well at C and X band frequencies, but do not work properly at higher frequencies. Cranfield University’s role in this project was to provide the field data necessary for model validation and development. Radar imagery was taken of a barley crop over an entire growing season. The portable outdoor GB-SAR system used the tomographic profiling (TP) technique to capture polarimetric imagery of the crop. TP is a scheme that provides detailed maps of the vertical backscatter pattern through a crop canopy, along a narrow transect directly beneath the radar platform. Fully-polarimetric imagery was obtained across overlapping 6.5 GHz bandwidths over the X- and Ku-band frequency range 8-20 GHz. This gave the opportunity to see the detailed scattering behaviour within the crop at the plant component level, from emergence of the crop through to harvesting. In combination with the imagery, full bio-geophysical characterisation of the crop and soil was made on each measurement date. Surface roughness characterisation of the soil was captured using a 3D optical stereoscopic system. This work details the measurements made, and provides a comparative assessment of the results in terms of understanding the backscatter in relation to biophysical and radar parameters.
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Muñóz, Arriagada René Santiago. "Caracterización de la respuesta SAR de banda X en áreas quemadas en dos incendios forestales de la zona central de Chile." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/5839.

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Tesis (Magister en Aplicaciones Espaciales de Alerta y Respuesta Temprana a Emergencias)--Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, 2017.
El presente estudio tiene por objetivo caracterizar la respuesta radar de banda X en áreas quemadas en dos incendios forestales de la zona central de Chile. Uno caracterizado por vegetación nativa del tipo esclerófilo y el otro por plantaciones forestales de Pinus radiata D.Don. Para el análisis de la situación previa, la estimación de la superficie quemada y el análisis de cambio entre la situación previa y posterior a los incendios forestales, se utilizaron imágenes Landsat 8, mientras que para el análisis de la respuesta radar en banda X, se usaron imágenes COSMO SkyMed modo PingPong , con diferentes configuraciones de adquisición. En el incendio de vegetación nativa esclerófila las bandas cruzadas VH y HV mostraron mayor utilidad en el monitoreo de áreas quemadas, mientras que en el sector con plantaciones forestales de Pinus radiata, fueron las bandas co-polarizadas HH, VV.
The aim of this study is characterize the X-band radar response in burned areas of two wildfires in Central Zone of Chile. One characterized by native sclerophyllous vegetation and the other by forestry plantations of Pinus radiata D.Don. For the analysis of the previous situation, burned area estimation and change analysis between previous and after wildfire situation, optical images from Landsat 8 satellite were used, while for the analysis of the X-band radar response, COSMO SkyMed images PingPong mode, whit different configurations acquisition were used. The results indicate opposite behaviors in the two wildfires analized. In the fire of native sclerophyll vegetation, cross polarizations (VH and HV) showed most useful in burned areas monitoring, while in forest plantations of Pinus radiata sector, were co-polarized bands HH, VV which presented increased sensitivity to the effect of fire.
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Adolph, Inga Winny. "Remote sensing large-scale surface structures in the Wadden Sea. Application of satellite SAR data (TerraSAR-X) to record spatial distribution and dynamics of habitats and geomorphic structures for monitoring and long-term ecological research." Doctoral thesis, 2021. https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-202104064249.

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The Wadden Sea off the coast of the southern North Sea is the largest coherent area of tidal flats worldwide. As a highly productive ecosystem it is of global importance, e.g. as nursery for fish and as a feeding and resting area for 10 – 12 million migratory birds following the East Atlantic Flyway. The outstanding ecological significance of this region corresponds to a high level of protection by EU directives and national law and by inscription as UNESCO World Heritage Site, all of which requires regular monitoring and assessment. Apart from the ecological aspects, the Wadden Sea is also of great importance for coastal protection. To survey the extensive, often inaccessible tidal area, remote sensing is essential and while mainly airborne techniques have been carried out for decades, now high-resolution satellite-borne sensors open up new possibilities relevant for monitoring and long-term ecological research. Especially satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors offer a high availability of acquisitions as they operate largely independently of daylight and weather. The aim of the studies presented here was to explore the use of data from the TerraSAR-X satellite to record geomorphological structures and habitats for Wadden Sea Monitoring. More than 100 TerraSAR-X acquisitions from 2009 to 2016 were analyzed to distinguish various and variable surface types continuously influenced by tidal dynamics in the main study area, the tidal flats near the island of Norderney. Visual image interpretation supported by extensive in-situ verification proved to be a suitable and unsophisticated approach which is unspecific enough to identify mussel beds, fields of shell-detritus, gully structures, mud fields, and intertidal bedforms in the upper flats of the East Frisian Islands. The method proved to be robust against changes in geometry of acquisition and environmental influences. Several time series of TerraSAR-X data enabled to follow inter-annual and seasonal dynamics as well as event effects (Adolph et al. 2018). The high-frequency TerraSAR-X data revealed novel evidence of an intertidal bedform shift in an easterly direction during the study period. To this aim, an unsupervised ISODATA classification of textural parameters was developed to vectorize and compare the bedforms positions in a GIS (Adolph et al. 2017a). The same intertidal bedform area was chosen as test-site for comparison of different remote sensing methods, namely airborne lidar, satellite-based radar (TerraSAR-X) and electro-optical sensors (RapidEye) (Adolph et al. 2017b). High-resolution SAR data offer a relevant component for Wadden Sea Monitoring and Research, as they provide reliable, regular data with a high repetition rate. In particular, habitats with noticeable surface roughness, specific structures and textures are well reflected. Geomorphic Structures and their dynamics can be observed indirectly via detection of residual water trapped within. A comprehensive concept for Wadden Sea Monitoring however, requires automatized classifications and an integrative, multi-sensor approach (SAR, LIDAR, multi-spectral data, drones) in which different and complementary information, coverage and resolutions (spatial and temporal) contribute to an overall picture. The studies were carried out as part of the joint research project “Scientific monitoring concepts for the German Bight” (WIMO), jointly funded by the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Protection (NMU) and the Ministry of Science and Culture (NMWK) of the Federal State of Lower Saxony. The findings have been published in Geo-Marine Letters 37/2 (2017) and in Remote Sensing 10/7 (2018).
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Books on the topic "Sensor RADAR SAR X band"

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L, Evans Diane, Plaut Jeffrey J, and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Science results from the spaceborne imaging radar-C/X-band synthetic aperture radar (SIR-C/X-SAR): Progress report. Pasadena, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sensor RADAR SAR X band"

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Costanzo, Sandra, Giuseppe Di Massa, and Marco Salzano. "X-band Radar Sensor for the Landslide Risk Mitigation." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 981–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36981-0_92.

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Sheen, D. R., E. S. Kasischke, R. A. Shuchman, and R. G. Onstott. "Polarimetric Calibration and Remote Sensing Applications Using an X-C-L-Band SAR." In Direct and Inverse Methods in Radar Polarimetry, 877–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9243-2_35.

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Habiba, H. Umma, S. Revathy, Rabindra Nath Shaw, and Ankush Ghosh. "Design and Analysis of X-Band Radar Antenna for Self-powered Sensor Application in Space." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 687–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1677-9_61.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sensor RADAR SAR X band"

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Rosenberg, Luke, and Mark Sletten. "Analysis of maritime X-band velocity SAR imagery." In 2015 IEEE Radar Conference. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radarconf.2015.7411866.

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Vavriv, D. M., O. O. Bezvesilniy, R. V. Kozhyn, V. V. Vynogradov, V. A. Volkov, Ie M. Gorovyi, and S. S. Sekretarov. "X-band SAR system for light-weight aircrafts." In 2014 15th International Radar Symposium (IRS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irs.2014.6869304.

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Baque, Remi, Olivier Ruault du Plessis, Nicolas Castet, Patrick Fromage, Joseph Martinot-Lagarde, Jean-Francois Nouvel, Helene Oriot, Hubert Cantalloube, Martine Chanteclerc, and Philippe Martineau. "Ultra-High Resolution and Long Range X-Band Airborne SAR System." In 2018 International Conference on Radar (RADAR). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2018.8557220.

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Guida, Raffaella, Su Wai Ng, and Pasquale Iervolino. "S- and X-band SAR data fusion." In 2015 IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apsar.2015.7306275.

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Xiao-di Song, Wei Wang, and Zhi-hui Zhang. "Active phased antenna subarray module development for X-band SAR applications." In 2011 IEEE CIE International Conference on Radar (Radar). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cie-radar.2011.6159777.

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Fiche, Anthony, Sebastien Angelliaume, Luke Rosenberg, and Ali Khenchaf. "Statistical analysis of low grazing angle high resolution X-band SAR sea clutter." In 2014 International Radar Conference (Radar). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2014.7060270.

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Angelliaume, S., Ph Martineau, J. Peyret, H. Oriot, V. Foix, Ph Durand, and J. C. Souyris. "Ship detection using airborne SAR data acquired at X-band." In 2010 IEEE International Radar Conference. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2010.5494539.

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Kato, Tomoki, Hiroyoshi Yamada, Yoshio Yamaguchi, Ryoichi Sato, Shoichiro Kojima, and Motofumi Arii. "Fundamental study on multi-baseline SAR tomography using airborne X-band SAR." In 2015 IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apsar.2015.7306143.

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Hoshino, Takehiro, Hiroaki Fujihara, Hideki Hasegawa, Tasuku Kuriyama, Kenji Ura, and Tadashi Hamasaki. "Development of an Airborne X-band APAA-SAR System." In 2021 7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apsar52370.2021.9688544.

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Yan, Jiali, Ji Guo, Qianrong Lu, Kaizhi Wang, and Xingzhao Liu. "X-band mini SAR radar on eight-rotor mini-UAV." In IGARSS 2016 - 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2016.7730750.

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