Journal articles on the topic 'Sensor parameters'
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1
Nistor, P., and I. Orha. "Environmental Parameters Monitoring System." Carpathian Journal of Electronic and Computer Engineering 14, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjece-2021-0007.
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Abstract The project presents the development of a system for monitoring environmental parameters. At the base of this system is the ESP-32S board that collects, processes and transmits data from the three sensors to the two web interfaces. The role of these web interfaces is to display the data collected from the sensors. The local web interface consists of two windows, the first window contains the table of sensors that displays the data measured by the sensors at that time. In the second window you can see the data measured by the sensors through graphs. They store the sensor data, giving the user the ability to view previously measured data. The local web interface provides sensor data only in the Wi-Fi network coverage area, and its data is deleted when the server is closed. The global web interface displays data using graphs. At the base of this web interface is the ThingSpeak platform that allows the system to transmit data anywhere in the world, store data in the Cloud space and the possibility of using special analysis functions.
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Wang, Wei, Li, Du, and Zhang. "Optical Parameters Optimization for All-Time Star Sensor." Sensors 19, no. 13 (July 4, 2019): 2960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19132960.
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As an important development direction of star sensor technology, the All-Time star sensor technology can expand the application of star sensors to flight platforms inside the atmosphere. Due to intense atmospheric background radiation during the daytime, the commonly used star sensors operating in the visible wavelength range are significantly limited in their ability to detect stars, and hence the All-Time star sensor technology which is based on the shortwave infrared (SWIR) imaging system has become an effective research direction. All-Time star sensor detection capability is significantly affected by observation conditions and, therefore, an optimized selection of optical parameters, which mainly includes the field of view (FOV) and the detection wavelength band, can effectively improve the detection performance of All-Time star sensors under harsh observation conditions. This paper uses the model simulation method to analyze and optimize the optical parameters under various observation conditions in a high-altitude environment. A main parameter among those discussed is the analysis of detection band optimization based on the SWIR band. Due to the huge cost constraints of high-altitude experiments, we conducted experiments near the ground to verify the effectiveness of the detection band selection and the correctness of the SWIR star sensor detection model, which thereby proved that the optimization of the optical parameters for high altitudes was effective and could be used as a reference.
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Alexandr, Penin, and Sidorenko Anatolie. "NORMALIZED PARAMETERS OF A MAGNETORESISTIVE SENSOR IN BRIDGE CIRCUITS." Moldavian Journal of the Physical Sciences 20, no. 1 (July 2021): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.53081/mjps.2021.20-1.08.
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Magnetoresistive sensors are considered as part of bridge circuits for measuring magnetic field strength and electric current value. Normalized or relative expressions are introduced to change the resistance of the sensor and the measured bridge voltage to increase the information content of the regime to provide the possibility of comparing the regimes of different sensors. To justify these expressions, a geometric interpretation of the bridge regimes, which leads to hyperbolic straight line geometry and a cross ratio of four points, is given. Upon a change in the sensor resistance, the bridge regime is quantified by the value of the cross ratio of four samples (three characteristic values and the current or real value) of voltage and resistance. The cross ratio, as a dimensionless value, is taken as a normalized expression for the bridge voltage and sensor resistance. Moreover, the cross ratio value is an invariant for voltage and resistance. The proposed approach considers linear and nonlinear dependences of measured voltage on sensor resistance from general positions.
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Singh, Ravinder, and Kuldeep Singh Nagla. "Comparative analysis of range sensors for the robust autonomous navigation – a review." Sensor Review 40, no. 1 (October 29, 2019): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-01-2019-0029.
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Purpose The purpose of this research is to provide the necessarily and resourceful information regarding range sensors to select the best fit sensor for robust autonomous navigation. Autonomous navigation is an emerging segment in the field of mobile robot in which the mobile robot navigates in the environment with high level of autonomy by lacking human interactions. Sensor-based perception is a prevailing aspect in the autonomous navigation of mobile robot along with localization and path planning. Various range sensors are used to get the efficient perception of the environment, but selecting the best-fit sensor to solve the navigation problem is still a vital assignment. Design/methodology/approach Autonomous navigation relies on the sensory information of various sensors, and each sensor relies on various operational parameters/characteristic for the reliable functioning. A simple strategy shown in this proposed study to select the best-fit sensor based on various parameters such as environment, 2 D/3D navigation, accuracy, speed, environmental conditions, etc. for the reliable autonomous navigation of a mobile robot. Findings This paper provides a comparative analysis for the diverse range sensors used in mobile robotics with respect to various aspects such as accuracy, computational load, 2D/3D navigation, environmental conditions, etc. to opt the best-fit sensors for achieving robust navigation of autonomous mobile robot. Originality/value This paper provides a straightforward platform for the researchers to select the best range sensor for the diverse robotics application.
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Vasiljevic, Dragana, Cedo Zlebic, Goran Stojanovic, Mitar Simic, Libu Manjakkal, and Zoran Stamenkovic. "Cost-effective sensors and sensor nodes for monitoring environmental parameters." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 31, no. 1 (2018): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1801011v.
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This paper reviews the design and characterization of humidity and pH sensors manufactured in the printed circuit board (PCB), ink-jet, and screen printing technologies. The first one (PCB technology) provides robust sensors with PET film which can be exposed to harsh environment. The second (ink-jet technology) can manufacture sensors on flexible substrates (foils and papers). The third (screen printing technology) has been used to implement a thick-film sensor. In addition to this, a multi-sensor cloud-based electronic system with autonomous power supply (solar panels) for air and water quality monitoring has been described. Finally, a flexible and modular hardware platform for remote and reliable sensing of environmental parameters has been presented.
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Ibrahim, M., J. Claudel, D. Kourtiche, and M. Nadi. "Geometric parameters optimization of planar interdigitated electrodes for bioimpedance spectroscopy." Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance 4, no. 1 (July 28, 2019): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jeb.304.
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Abstract This paper is concerned with a physical model of an interdigitated sensor working in a frequency range from 100 Hz to 10 MHz. A theoretical approach is proposed to optimize the use of the sensor for bioimpedance spectroscopy. The correlation between design parameters and frequency behavior in coplanar impedance sensors are described. CoventorWare® software was used to model the biological medium loaded interdigital sensor in three dimensions to measure its electrical impedance. Complete system simulation by a finite element method (FEM) was used for sensor sensitivity optimization. The influence of geometrical parameters (number of fingers, width of the electrodes) on the impedance spectroscopy of the biological medium was studied. The simulation results are in agreement with the theoretical equations of optimization. Thus, it is possible to design a priori such sensor by taking into account the biological medium of interest that will load the sensor.
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Loose, Harald, and Katja Orlowski. "Model Based Determination of Gait Parameters Using IMU Sensor Data." Solid State Phenomena 251 (July 2016): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.251.61.
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The paper deals with the determination of gait parameters using inertial measurement units (IMU). An IMU sensor incorporates three microelectromechanical sensors - triple-axis gyroscope, accelerometer and magnetometer. A standard experimental setup for the observation of the locomotion system using seven Xsens MTw sensors was developed. They are applied to the lower limbs and the pelvis of the subject. The synchronization of data from all sensor components (gyroscope, accelerometer and magnetometer) as well as the onboard estimation of the orientation is provided by the Xsens and Adwinda hard-and software. The strapped down data are received with a rate of 60 Hz. The output data of a single IMU sensor allow motion analysis of the sensor unit itself as well as the motion of the limb where the sensor is mounted to. Stable and reliable algorithms processing the gait data and calculating gait features of a single sensor are developed and evaluated. These algorithms are based on precise determination of each gait cycle. In the middle of stance phase the foot is not moving. It stands on the floor and, following, the initial conditions for the calculation of foot velocities and distances by integration are predetermined. Various features of the gait cycle as well as e.g. dependencies in between features or on the gait velocities are investigated. The application of seven sensors to the limbs of the locomotion system provides measurements of their 3D motion observed in an inertial coordinate system. The limbs are parts of skeleton and interconnected by joints. Introducing a skeleton model, the quality of measurements is evaluated and improved. Joint angles, symmetry ratios and other gait parameters are determined. These results can be used for analysis of the gait of any subject as well as of any cohort.
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Li, Cunli, Cuiling Jiang, Guangwei Zhu, Wei Zou, Mengyuan Zhu, Hai Xu, Pengcheng Shi, and Wenyi Da. "Estimation of Water Quality Parameters with High-Frequency Sensors Data in a Large and Deep Reservoir." Water 12, no. 9 (September 21, 2020): 2632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092632.
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High-frequency sensors can monitor water quality with high temporal resolution and without environmental influence. However, sensors for detecting key water quality parameters, such as total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP), and other water environmental parameters, are either not yet available or have attracted limited usage. By using a large number of high-frequency sensor and manual monitoring data, this study establishes regression equations that measure high-frequency sensor and key water quality parameters through multiple regression analysis. Results show that a high-frequency sensor can quickly and accurately estimate dynamic key water quality parameters by evaluating seven water quality parameters. An evaluation of the flux of four chemical parameters further proves that the multi-parameter sensor can efficiently estimate the key water quality parameters. However, due to the different optical properties and ecological bases of these parameters, the high-frequency sensor shows a better prediction performance for chemical parameters than for physical and biological parameters. Nevertheless, these results indicate that combining high-frequency sensor monitoring with regression equations can provide real-time and accurate water quality information that can meet the needs in water environment management and realize early warning functions.
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FIEDKIEWICZ, Łukasz, and Ireneusz PIELECHA. "Selection of ion sensor operating parameters in quasi-static conditions." Combustion Engines 179, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-442.
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Evaluating combustion quality using sensors that allow continuous assessment of the process is one of the modern methods of engine sensory diagnostics. The proper calibration of such systems is a task that requires many studies to determine the conditions and quantities affecting the process. The analysis of significance of quantities related to the ionization signal was carried out in the article. The magnitude of the voltage generating the electric field, the type of spark plug used, the distance of the spark plug electrodes and the dynamic factor – spark plug operating temperature – were all tested. The tests were carried out using a CNG burner (with an excess air ratio of lambda = 1) and four spark plugs. As a result of the ionization signal research, the following relationships were obtained: regarding the impact of the sensor position on the amount of generated voltage (the smaller the distance the greater the value of the signal), the effect of temperature on the sensor resistance (non-linear relationship: increase in temperature decreases resistance, with R2 = 0.9997) effect of system voltage on the ionization signal (linear relationship: voltage increase increases the ionization current signal with a determination coefficient of R2 = 0.9803). In addition, it was found that using an iridium electrode candle had the best effects on the ionization current, regardless of the electrode’s geometrical parameters.
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Jeon, Taehyeong, Proloy Taran Das, Mijin Kim, Changyeop Jeon, Byeonghwa Lim, Ivan Soldatov, and CheolGi Kim. "Operational Parameters for Sub-Nano Tesla Field Resolution of PHMR Sensors in Harsh Environments." Sensors 21, no. 20 (October 18, 2021): 6891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21206891.
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The resolution of planar-Hall magnetoresistive (PHMR) sensors was investigated in the frequency range from 0.5 Hz to 200 Hz in terms of its sensitivity, average noise level, and detectivity. Analysis of the sensor sensitivity and voltage noise response was performed by varying operational parameters such as sensor geometrical architectures, sensor configurations, sensing currents, and temperature. All the measurements of PHMR sensors were carried out under both constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) modes. In the present study, Barkhausen noise was revealed in 1/f noise component and found less significant in the PHMR sensor configuration. Under measured noise spectral density at optimized conditions, the best magnetic field detectivity was achieved better than 550 pT/√Hz at 100 Hz and close to 1.1 nT/√Hz at 10 Hz for a tri-layer multi-ring PHMR sensor in an unshielded environment. Furthermore, the promising feasibility and possible routes for further improvement of the sensor resolution are discussed.
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Mustafa, Muhammad, Mian Rizwan, Muhammad Kashif, Tahir Khan, Muhammad Waseem, and Andres Annuk. "LC Passive Wireless Sensor System Based on Two Switches for Detection of Triple Parameters." Sensors 22, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 3024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22083024.
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This paper presents the LC-type passive wireless sensing system for the simultaneous and independent detection of triple parameters, featuring three different capacitive sensors controlled by two mechanical switches. The sensor coil was connected with three different capacitors in parallel and two mechanical switches were in series between every two capacitors, which made the whole system have three resonant frequencies. The readout coil was magnetically coupled with the sensor coil to interrogate the sensor wirelessly. The circuit was simulated advanced design system (ADS) software, and the LC sensor system was mathematically analyzed by MATLAB. Results showed that the proposed LC sensing system could test three different capacitive sensors by detecting three different resonant frequencies. The sensitivity of sensors could be determined by the capacitance calculated from the detected resonant frequencies, and the resolution of capacitance was 0.1 PF and 0.2 PF when using the proposed sensor system in practical applications. To validate the proposed scheme, a PCB inductor and three variable capacitors were constructed with two mechanical switches to realize the desired system. Experimental results closely verified the simulation outputs.
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Di Tocco, Joshua, Daniela Lo Presti, Alberto Rainer, Emiliano Schena, and Carlo Massaroni. "Silicone-Textile Composite Resistive Strain Sensors for Human Motion-Related Parameters." Sensors 22, no. 10 (May 23, 2022): 3954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22103954.
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In recent years, soft and flexible strain sensors have found application in wearable devices for monitoring human motion and physiological parameters. Conductive textile-based sensors are good candidates for developing these sensors. However, their robust electro-mechanical connection and susceptibility to environmental factors are still an open challenge to date. In this work, the manufacturing process of a silicone-textile composite resistive strain sensor based on a conductive resistive textile encapsulated into a dual-layer of silicone rubber is reported. In the working range typical of biomedical applications (up to 50%), the proposed flexible, skin-safe and moisture resistant strain sensor exhibited high sensitivity (gauge factor of −1.1), low hysteresis (maximum hysteresis error 3.2%) and ease of shaping in custom designs through a facile manufacturing process. To test the developed flexible sensor, two applicative scenarios covering the whole working range have been considered: the recording of the chest wall expansion during respiratory activity and the capture of the elbow flexion/extension movements.
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AJIBOYE, Aye Taiwo, Jaye Femi OPADIJI, and Adebimpe Ruth AJAYI. "GRAPHICAL METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF MQ-SERIES GAS SENSOR CIRCUIT PARAMETERS FOR A STAND-ALONE GAS ALARM SYSTEM." SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 29, no. 31 (December 12, 2021): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.v29.n31.2021.01_ajiboye_pgs_01_09.pdf.
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Background: MQ-series gas sensors belong to the metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) family of sensors that can sense the presence of many gases. These sensors find their application in gas alarm systems as key components. While necessary sensor circuit output voltage value for alarm point in a stand-alone gas alarm system is desirable, but what exact combination of the sensor circuit parameters is required? Hitherto, the determination of these circuit parameters has not been given much attention in the research community. Aim: the purpose of this work is to explore a structured graphical approach of determination of MQ series gas sensor circuit parameters for a stand-alone gas alarm system that yields desired sensor circuit output voltage value for the alarm point; the main objective of the study was to develop mathematical model equations that relate the: (i) sensor resistance (RS) with the gas concentration (x) and the sensor resistance at standard calibration concentration of the sensor base gas in the clean air (Ro) and (ii) sensor circuit output voltage (VRL), load resistance (RL) and sensor resistance (RS). It is expected from the model equations developed that graphical correlations of the sensor circuits parameters will be generated. Using these graphs for a particular case of an MQ-4 gas sensor under the influence of LPG, the parameters that yield desired sensor circuit output voltage of 2V for 1000 ppm of LPG alarm point will be determined. Methods: Model equations were developed for the sensor dynamics, and based on these model equations, graphs for the determination of required sensor parameters were plotted for a case of MQ-4 gas sensor response to LPG. Results and Discussion: The results yielded optimal values for R_O,R_S and R_L of 20 kΩ, 30 kΩ and 20 kΩ respectively, for alarm settings of 1000 ppm and a desired sensor circuit output voltage of 2 V. Based on determined parameters, the calibration equation for determination of best concentration value for a given value of emulated LPG concentration was developed. Using the method proposed in this study makes the process of determining the MQ-series gas sensor circuit parameters less cumbersome as their value can easily be obtained from the resulting graphs. Conclusions: a structured graphical approach for determination of MQ-series gas sensor circuit parameters for alarm points in a stand-alone gas alarm system showed that using MQ-4 gas sensor and LPG as the target gas, and for a sensor circuit output voltage of 2 V for alarm point at 1000 ppm of LPG, the corresponding value of R_O, R_S and R_L obtained were 20 kΩ, 30 kΩ, and 20 kΩ respectively. Hence, a structured graphical approach is suitable for determining MQ series gas sensor circuit parameters for a stand-alone gas alarm system under the influence of its associated gases.
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Williams, Simon, Arthur George Suvorov, Zengfu Wang, and Bill Moran. "The Information Geometry of Sensor Configuration." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 5265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165265.
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In problems of parameter estimation from sensor data, the Fisher information provides a measure of the performance of the sensor; effectively, in an infinitesimal sense, how much information about the parameters can be obtained from the measurements. From the geometric viewpoint, it is a Riemannian metric on the manifold of parameters of the observed system. In this paper, we consider the case of parameterized sensors and answer the question, “How best to reconfigure a sensor (vary the parameters of the sensor) to optimize the information collected?” A change in the sensor parameters results in a corresponding change to the metric. We show that the change in information due to reconfiguration exactly corresponds to the natural metric on the infinite-dimensional space of Riemannian metrics on the parameter manifold, restricted to finite-dimensional sub-manifold determined by the sensor parameters. The distance measure on this configuration manifold is shown to provide optimal, dynamic sensor reconfiguration based on an information criterion. Geodesics on the configuration manifold are shown to optimize the information gain but only if the change is made at a certain rate. An example of configuring two bearings-only sensors to optimally locate a target is developed in detail to illustrate the mathematical machinery, with Fast Marching methods employed to efficiently calculate the geodesics and illustrate the practicality of using this approach.
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Radoi, Ionut, Lidia Dobrescu, Stefan Arseni, Florin Rastoceanu, Florent Roman, Dragos Dobrescu, and Stela Halichidis. "Secure wireless system based on reconfigurable devices for human biomedical parameters monitoring." Romanian Journal of Military Medicine 122, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2019.122.3.20.
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Over the last decade the continuous improvements in sensor technologies, connected with recent hardware reconfigurable devices evolution, enable engineers to merge sensors and reconfigurable devices to develop new applications or to improve the existing ones. The miniaturization and integration of multiple sensors in one chip and the increase of precision, stability and power efficiency allow sensors to play an even more important role in medical technology with the main objective of building more accurate and smaller devices that help medical personal to monitor human biomedical parameters. This paper describes a secured wireless system design and implementation. The proposed system consists in one or more wearable sensor nodes that measure human biomedical parameters and then sends the collected data to a base station in order to be analyzed by qualified personal. This system can be used to monitor patient state-of-health or to supervise military personal in training or even in battles, because the new system uses secured transmission. The typical monitored parameters are body temperature, blood oxygen level, heart rate, respiratory rate, movement and position of the subject, but it can be extended and more other different sensors such as cameras or microphones can be added. Reconfigurable devices are used to process data in both sensor node and base station in an innovative environment. Keywords: biomedical parameters, reconfigurable devices, sensor nodes, wireless.
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Xue, Jing, Nan Li, and Xiang Dong Yang. "Geometric Design of Capacitive Sensor for Liquid Membrane Detection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 906–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.906.
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A multi-spiral capacitive sensor is proposed to improve the sensor performance, and the relation between the geometric parameters design of the sensor and the sensor performance is discussed. Compared to traditional sensors, under the same measurement conditions, the electrical field distribution of the multi-spiral-shaped sensor is presented. The detail effects of the sensor design parameters, such as gaps between the sensor electrodes, the effective area and the geometry of the sensor plates are qualitative analyzed. The experimental results prove that the complex structure sensor can improve the measurement linearity, signal strength and measurement sensitivity.
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Jakoby, Bernhard. "Fluidic Physical Sensors and Sensor Systems." Advances in Science and Technology 100 (October 2016): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.100.134.
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Silicon-based MEMS technology has furthered the introduction of sensors and actuators in many applications. Particularly in inertial sensing, where no contact with a medium to be sensed is required, highly reliable and cost-effective solutions have been developed. For application in fluidic environments, special demands regarding the interaction can occur. Also, silicon-based technology is not cost-effective in low-volume applications.In our recent work, we thus consider hybrid technologies and concentrate on physical sensor principles, which often provide more robustness in process control and condition monitoring than dedicated chemical sensors featuring chemical reactions with the environment by means of specific chemical interfaces. The latter are frequently prone to reliability issues, e.g. due to poisoning, drift, etc. Examples for physical parameters are thermal and electrical conductivity, permittivity, viscosity, speed of sound, and density. In this contribution, sensing concepts addressing these target parameters are reviewed.
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Skrzetuska, Ewa, and Jarosław Wojciechowski. "Investigation of the Impact of Environmental Parameters on Breath Frequency Measurement by a Textile Sensor." Sensors 20, no. 4 (February 21, 2020): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041179.
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The aim of this work was to develop sensors that enable the monitoring of respiratory frequencies and will be competitive at a global level in replacing conventional electronic sensors based on rigid and uncomfortable materials. The preliminary work carried out showed the real possibility of creating flat fibrous products containing carbon nanotubes with sensory properties. Bearing in mind the production of a textile deformation sensor, textile materials with high elasticity and deformation reversibility were used in the preliminary studies. The authors assumed that it would be possible to conduct registration associated with the measurement of pneumography continuously in various atmospheric conditions and with varying intensification of human physical activity. The conducted experiment allows us to state that the resistance at the level of 10 kΩ is sufficient to collect results of breathing frequency at rest and after physical effort.
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Beddiaf, Abdelaziz, Fouad Kerrour, and Salah Kemouche. "A Numerical Model of Joule Heating in Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i3.9869.
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Thermal drift caused by Joule heating in piezoresistive pressure sensors affects greatly the results in the shift of the offset voltage of the such sensors. The study of the thermal behavior of these sensors is essential to define the parameters that cause the output characteristic drift. The impact of Joule heating in a pressure sensor has been studied. The study involves the solution of heat transfer equation considering the conduction in Cartesian coordinates for the transient regime using Finite Difference Method. We determine how the temperature affects the sensor during the applying a supply voltage. For this, the temperature rise generated by Joule heating in piezoresistors has been calculated for different geometrical parameters of the sensor as well as for different operating time. It is observed that Joule heating leads to important rise temperature in the piezoresistor and, hence, causes drift in the output voltage variations in a sensor during its operated in a prolonged time. This paper put emphasis on the geometric influence parameters on these characteristics to optimize the sensor performance. The optimization of geometric parameters of sensor allows us to reducing the internal heating effect. Results showed also that low bias voltage should be applied for reducing Joule heating.
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Beddiaf, Abdelaziz, Fouad Kerrour, and Salah Kemouche. "A Numerical Model of Joule Heating in Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i3.pp1223-1232.
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Thermal drift caused by Joule heating in piezoresistive pressure sensors affects greatly the results in the shift of the offset voltage of the such sensors. The study of the thermal behavior of these sensors is essential to define the parameters that cause the output characteristic drift. The impact of Joule heating in a pressure sensor has been studied. The study involves the solution of heat transfer equation considering the conduction in Cartesian coordinates for the transient regime using Finite Difference Method. We determine how the temperature affects the sensor during the applying a supply voltage. For this, the temperature rise generated by Joule heating in piezoresistors has been calculated for different geometrical parameters of the sensor as well as for different operating time. It is observed that Joule heating leads to important rise temperature in the piezoresistor and, hence, causes drift in the output voltage variations in a sensor during its operated in a prolonged time. This paper put emphasis on the geometric influence parameters on these characteristics to optimize the sensor performance. The optimization of geometric parameters of sensor allows us to reducing the internal heating effect. Results showed also that low bias voltage should be applied for reducing Joule heating.
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Elvira-Ortiz, David Alejandro, Rene de Jesus Romero-Troncoso, Arturo Yosimar Jaen-Cuellar, Luis Morales-Velazquez, and Roque Alfredo Osornio-Rios. "Vibration Suppression for Improving the Estimation of Kinematic Parameters on Industrial Robots." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6954012.
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Vibration is a phenomenon that is present on every industrial system such as CNC machines and industrial robots. Moreover, sensors used to estimate angular position of a joint in an industrial robot are severely affected by vibrations and lead to wrong estimations. This paper proposes a methodology for improving the estimation of kinematic parameters on industrial robots through a proper suppression of the vibration components present on signals acquired from two primary sensors: accelerometer and gyroscope. A Kalman filter is responsible for the filtering of spurious vibration. Additionally, a sensor fusion technique is used to merge information from both sensors and improve the results obtained using each sensor separately. The methodology is implemented in a proprietary hardware signal processor and tested in an ABB IRB 140 industrial robot, first by analyzing the motion profile of only one joint and then by estimating the path tracking of two welding tasks: one rectangular and another one circular. Results from this work prove that the sensor fusion technique accompanied by proper suppression of vibrations delivers better estimation than other proposed techniques.
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Wang, Yanli, Mi Wang, and Ying Zhu. "On-Orbit Calibration of Installation Parameter of Multiple Star Sensors System for Optical Remote Sensing Satellite with Ground Control Points." Remote Sensing 12, no. 7 (March 25, 2020): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12071055.
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Owing to the vibrations and thermal shocks that arise during the launch and orbit penetration process, the on-orbit installation parameters of multiple star sensors are different from the on-ground measured parameters, causing inconsistencies in the attitude determinations from different combination modes and seriously affecting the geometric accuracy of high-resolution optical remote sensing images. This study presents an on-orbit calibration approach for the installation parameters of a multiple star sensors system using ground control points (GCPs). Based on the on-ground installation parameters of the optical axes of conventional star sensors, a fiducial coordinate system is proposed as the calibration coordinate system. The installation parameters of the conventional star sensors are calibrated using the statistical characteristics of angles between axes of the star sensor and three fiducial vectors in the J2000 celestial coordinate system. Based on the GCPs, the relative fiducial parameters are calculated, and the installation parameter of unconventional star sensor is then calibrated with the relative fiducial parameters and statistical characteristics of angles. It can be used for high-resolution optical remote sensing satellite measuring with only two star sensors to unify the fiducial coordinate system. The proposed method is tested using simulated data and on-orbit measurement data. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can calibrate the optical axis of the star sensor without the restriction of the accuracy of horizontal axis. Moreover, the star sensor with a large installation angle error can be calibrated well using the proposed approach. The results of attitude determinations from different star sensor combination modes are consistent, and the geometric accuracy of the remote sensing images is significantly improved.
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Ma, Wei, Yanhui Wang, Shuxin Wang, Gege Li, and Shaoqiong Yang. "Optimization of hydrodynamic parameters for underwater glider based on the electromagnetic velocity sensor." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 14 (March 31, 2019): 5019–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219840372.
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With the development of autonomous underwater glider technology, the gliders integrated with multitype sensors have been widely applied in the ocean scientific research. Among those sensors, electromagnetic velocity sensor provides a new way to acquire the unknown parameters of Petrel‐II glider. Based on the analysis of computational fluid dynamics, the optimized layout position and distance of electromagnetic velocity sensor is determined. Petrel‐II integrated with electromagnetic velocity sensor conducted a series of sea‐trials to obtain sailing data under different attitudes. By combining sea‐trial data with dynamic model of deepsea glider, the relationships between pitch, hydrodynamic forces/moment, and angle of attack are yielded. The buoyance model in the dynamics is validated by suspension experiment of glider. The dynamic simulations in the longitudinal plane with different hydrodynamic parameters obtained by, that is, optimization with electromagnetic velocity sensor, data statistical analysis combining computational fluid dynamics and parameter identification, and calculation by computational fluid dymanics, are conducted and compared with experimental results to verify validity and accuracy of those parameters. Results show that hydrodynamic parameters optimized by integrating electromagnetic velocity sensor on the glider can exhibit dynamic behavior more accurately. This work contributes to the calculation of vertical water velocities from glider and theoretical research of glider.
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Skinner, William S., Sunny Zhang, Robert E. Guldberg, and Keat Ghee Ong. "Magnetoelastic Sensor Optimization for Improving Mass Monitoring." Sensors 22, no. 3 (January 22, 2022): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22030827.
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Magnetoelastic sensors, typically made of magnetostrictive and magnetically-soft materials, can be fabricated from commercially available materials into a variety of shapes and sizes for their intended applications. Since these sensors are wirelessly interrogated via magnetic fields, they are good candidates for use in both research and industry, where detection of environmental parameters in closed and controlled systems is necessary. Common applications for these sensors include the investigation of physical, chemical, and biological parameters based on changes in mass loading at the sensor surface which affect the sensor’s behavior at resonance. To improve the performance of these sensors, optimization of sensor geometry, size, and detection conditions are critical to increasing their mass sensitivity and detectible range. This work focuses on investigating how the geometry of the sensor influences its resonance spectrum, including the sensor’s shape, size, and aspect ratio. In addition to these factors, heterogeneity in resonance magnitude was mapped for the sensor surface and the effect of the magnetic bias field strength on the resonance spectrum was investigated. Analysis of the results indicates that the shape of the sensor has a strong influence on the emergent resonant modes. Reducing the size of the sensor decreased the sensor’s magnitude of resonance. The aspect ratio of the sensor, along with the bias field strength, was also observed to affect the magnitude of the signal; over or under biasing and aspect ratio extremes were observed to decrease the magnitude of resonance, indicating that these parameters can be optimized for a given shape and size of magnetoelastic sensor.
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Cerda Mejía, Víctor Rodrigo, Octavio Edelberto Guijarro Rubio, Isnel Benítez Cortés, Galo Leonardo Cerda Mejía, Estela Guardado Yordi, Delfín Bernabé Ortega Tenezaca, Erenio González Suárez, and Amaury Pérez Martínez. "Remote monitoring of operational parameters for the cane honey production process." Lámpsakos, no. 25 (July 12, 2021): 3991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21501/21454086.3991.
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A local data acquisition, processing and storage system were implemented by means of an open source micro-controlled development card. To continuously measure the variables of the cane honey production process, it was performed using five temperature sensors, pH sensor and a level sensor. Each sensor was associated with a component set with its respective upper and lower reference values, during the processing of a batch of product. The main objective was to determine the effectiveness of using sensors and wireless communication technology to monitor operational parameters, in real time. In general, the recorded temperature, pH and level data obtained from sensors corresponded closely to the changes that occurred in the process, and the wireless communication nodes developed successfully measured and monitored the temperature, pH and level readings in real time. The study also found that the temperature, pH and level readings obtained by the sensors began to standardize more closely within the upper and lower limits. Furthermore, operational parameters could be reasonably predicted by applying a statistical model to measure temperature, pH and level. The present study also found that the operational parameters analyzed showed variability with its consequent effect on the quality of the final product. The findings of this study should serve as the first step towards any future research and development that may take place in the field of agro-industrial process design
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Berlicki, T. M., E. Murawski, S. J. Osadnik, and E. L. Prociòw. "Thermoresistive Thin Film Flow Sensor." Active and Passive Electronic Components 13, no. 3 (1989): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1989/31627.
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Some technological aspects and basic parameters of nickel thin film gas flow sensors are presented. Thermal conditions of sensors are described by the mechanisms of heat transfer. Typical characteristics measured during the sensor operation are given.
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Mrozek, Piotr, Ewa Gorodkiewicz, Paweł Falkowski, and Bogusław Hościło. "Sensitivity Analysis of Single- and Bimetallic Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors." Sensors 21, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 4348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134348.
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Comparative analysis of the sensitivity of two surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors was conducted on a single-metallic Au sensor and bimetallic Ag–Au sensor, using a cathepsin S sensor as an example. Numerically modeled resonance curves of Au and Ag–Au layers, with parameters verified by the results of experimental reflectance measurement of real-life systems, were used for the analysis of these sensors. Mutual relationships were determined between ∂Y/∂n components of sensitivity of the Y signal in the SPR measurement to change the refractive index n of the near-surface sensing layer and ∂n/∂c sensitivity of refractive index n to change the analyte’s concentration, c, for both types of sensors. Obtained results were related to experimentally determined calibration curves of both sensors. A characteristic feature arising from the comparison of calibration curves is the similar level of Au and Ag–Au biosensors’ sensitivity in the linear range, where the signal of the AgAu sensor is at a level several times greater. It was shown that the influence of sensing surface morphology on the ∂n/∂c sensitivity component had to be incorporated to explain the features of calibration curves of sensors. The shape of the sensory surface relief was proposed to increase the sensor sensitivity at low analyte concentrations.
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den Ouden, Olivier F. C., Jelle D. Assink, Cornelis D. Oudshoorn, Dominique Filippi, and Läslo G. Evers. "The INFRA-EAR: a low-cost mobile multidisciplinary measurement platform for monitoring geophysical parameters." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, no. 5 (May 4, 2021): 3301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3301-2021.
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Abstract. Geophysical studies and real-time monitoring of natural hazards, such as volcanic eruptions or severe weather events, benefit from the joint analysis of multiple geophysical parameters. However, typical geophysical measurement platforms still provide logging solutions for a single parameter, due to different community standards and the higher cost per added sensor. In this work, the Infrasound and Environmental Atmospheric data Recorder (INFRA-EAR) is presented, which has been designed as a low-cost mobile multidisciplinary measurement platform for geophysical monitoring. In particular, the platform monitors infrasound but concurrently measures barometric pressure, accelerations, and wind flow and uses the Global Positioning System (GPS) to position the platform. Due to its digital design, the sensor platform can be readily integrated with existing geophysical data infrastructures and be embedded in geophysical data analysis. The small dimensions and low cost per unit allow for unconventional, experimental designs, for example, high-density spatial sampling or deployment on moving measurement platforms. Moreover, such deployments can complement existing high-fidelity geophysical sensor networks. The platform is designed using digital micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) sensors embedded on a printed circuit board (PCB). The MEMS sensors on the PCB are a GPS, a three-component accelerometer, a barometric pressure sensor, an anemometer, and a differential pressure sensor. A programmable microcontroller unit controls the sampling frequency of the sensors and data storage. A waterproof casing is used to protect the mobile platform against the weather. The casing is created with a stereolithography (SLA) Formlabs 3D printer using durable resin. Thanks to low power consumption (9 Wh over 25 d), the system can be powered by a battery or solar panel. Besides the description of the platform design, we discuss the calibration and performance of the individual sensors.
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Dallah, Khalid, A. Bellel, O. C. Lezzar, Salah Sahli, and Patrice Raynaud. "Modeling of Interdigital Electrodes Geometrical Parameters Effects on Chemical Sensor Response." Key Engineering Materials 826 (October 2019): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.826.67.
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The detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), humidity and toxic industrial chemicals is important for various environmental and industrial applications. The design of interdigital capacitor (IDCs) sensor is carried out in such a way that it would be suitable for microelectronic technology. The basic geometry of IDCs is defined by some parameters such as: number of electrodes N, electrode width W, electrode length L and the separation between electrodes G. The interactions between IDCs sensitive coating and analyte induced a change in the sensors capacitance due to the permittivity variation of the sensitive layer and to the change in polymer thickness (swelling). In this work, a fairly new approach of IDCs based sensor in terms of capacitance calculation has been presented. The results have been obtained from the modeling of the sensors geometry 2D and 3D using multi-physics simulation software COMSOL. The effects of some geometry parameters coupled with swelling measurements for polymeric films have been studied.
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TİMOÇİN, Aytül, and Özlem KAYACAN. "FABRIC BASED WEARABLE SENSOR STRUCTURES." TEXTEH Proceedings 2019 (November 5, 2019): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/tt.2019.44.
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Nowadays, the electronics are free of their rigid structures and become flexible. As a result of this structural transformation and minimization of electronic materials, they can be integrated into textiles as wearable devices. The sensors are one of the main structures of personalized wearable monitoring devices and they can be classified into physical, chemical, electrical and biological ones. The wearable electronic sensors are able to monitor majorly biomedical signals and other ambient variants. Gesture, body temperature, respiration, pulse, blood gas etc. are among the measured physiological parameters. The other monitored parameters can be defined as environmental variants such as ambient temperature, humidity, sound, gas etc. Different types of textile based sensors are used in wearable personalized devices using different conductive materials in order to measure the vital parameters. Metal coated fabrics, fibres containing metals or metal based additives, knitted and woven structures produced by using conductive yarns etc. can be used as textile based sensors. These sensor structures can be used in several fields such as medical, sport, artistic communities, military and aerospace. In this paper fabric, based wearable sensor types will be reviewed and a lso it will be focused on the recent advances in the field of these sensors and their usage areas.
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Zhou, Zhen, Z. H. Guan, J. Luo, L. J. Wang, Y. Qin, and G. F. Sun. "Finite Element Analysis of Inductance Sensor Structure in the Measuring System of the Grade of the Iron Concentrate." Key Engineering Materials 458 (December 2010): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.458.155.
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According to the Biot-Savart's Law, the principle of the detecting system which measures the grade of the iron concentrate is analysed in this paper. It carries out an analysis of influence of inductance sensor coil structure parameters on the performance of sensor. The finite element model of the air core coil is established and analysis of finite element simulation is done to inductance sensors by using orthogonal method. According to different structural parameters, the relation of magnetic permeability of the iron concentrate and the inductance of the sensor coil can be established. Moreover, the effect of the sensor coil’s parameter on the linearity and the sensitivity of the sensor can also be determined. All the above provide a reference for the design of coil structure parameter of the inductance sensors.
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Fadale, T. D., A. V. Nenarokomov, and A. F. Emery. "Two Approaches to Optimal Sensor Locations." Journal of Heat Transfer 117, no. 2 (May 1, 1995): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2822532.
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Accurate modeling of thermal systems depends upon the determination of the material properties and the surface heat transfer coefficients. These parameters are frequently estimated from temperatures measured within the system or on the surface or from measured surface heat fluxes. Because of sensor errors or lack of sensitivity, the measurements may lead to erroneous estimates of the parameters. These errors can be ameliorated if the sensors are placed at points of maximum sensitivity. This paper describes two methods to optimize sensor locations: one to account for signal error, the other to consider interacting parameters. The methods are based upon variants of the normalized Fisher information matrix and are shown to be equivalent in some cases, but to predict differing sensor locations under other conditions, usually transient.
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Wang, Xihui, Kerry Maize, Ye Mi, Ali Shakouri, George T. C. Chiu, and Jan P. Allebach. "Thin-film Nitrate Sensor Performance Prediction Based on Preprocessed Sensor Images." Electronic Imaging 2021, no. 16 (January 18, 2021): 341–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2021.16.color-341.
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Automating the assessment of sensor quality in the production of thin-film nitrate sensors can yield significant advantages. Currently, the inspection process is extremely time and labor intensive, requiring technicians to manually examine sensors from each batch to determine their performance. Not only is manually examining sensors costly, it also takes days to conclude the results. It is possible to utilize image based learning approach to entirely automate the quality assessment process by accurately predicting the performance of every sensor; this allows for instant performance analysis and rapid changes to the fabrication parameters.The fabrication parameters will directly control the thickness of the ion-selective membrane (ISM) of the nitrate sensor. The thickness of the ISM directly affects the texture on the sensor’s surface. Because of the reliable correlation between sensor performance and sensor surface texture, it allows us to use learning methods to predict sensor performance through images instead of direct measurements.We propose a method to predict sensor quality using noncontact sensor images through a series of image processing techniques followed by machine and deep learning.
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Gagnadre, C., M. Billon, and S. Thuillier. "Fibre optic sensor for physiological parameters." Electronics Letters 34, no. 21 (1998): 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19981431.
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Rajesh V, Syed Inthiaz, Kaligithi Akhil, Panchkarla Venkata Satyanarayana, and Karanam Eshwar. "Measuring the Bio-Electrical Parameters of a Person Using Bio-Telemetry System for Health Care Monitoring." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 25, 2020): 761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4064.
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Biotelemetry is a method of measuring a persons’s Bio-electrical parameters and a Physio-logical parameters from a distance. It’s like a updation of existing methods of measuring physiological parameters and bioelectrical parameters to a method of transmission of resulting data. This will help the consulting doctor for making a better diagnosis without movement or ensuring mobility of both the doctor and patient. Here the parameters of the wireless remote medical system for health monitoring include body temperature, blood oxygen saturation, pulse, electrocardiogram and Electrooculography. In order to measure, monitor and updating the data we require five sensors for each respective parameter so the respective five sensors are AD8232 sensor for measuring Electrocardiogram, pulse sensor for measuring pulse, EOG sensor for measuring Electrooculography, Max30100 sensor for measuring oxygen levels in blood and finally LM35 sensor used for measuring the hotness or coldness of a body. These are connected as one system using Arduino. Transferring of data to the cloud or update the data in cloud, whatever the data came from the sensors will be sent to a WiFi module called Node MCU ESP8266, through which the data will be uploaded on cloud platforms like Ubidots and Things speak. Finally from this Paper it gives the concept of Bio-Telemetry System, in other words a Medical Telemetry System. This system allows continuous monitoring of a patient’s health condition, as well as updating that respective data into their medical history like cloud platform, thus improving the efficiency of nursing care through more effective time management.
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Fazylova, Аlina. "CALCULATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE WIND TURBINE ROTOR EDDY CURRENT SENSOR." Вестник КазАТК 118, no. 3 (September 17, 2021): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52167/1609-1817-2021-118-3-134-141.
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Eddy current sensors are used to measure shaft clearance in wind turbines and to check that there is a thin film of oil in the clearance. In this case, the oil is usually applied under pressure. Because the eddy current sensors are resistant to oil, pressure and temperature, this allows them to operate reliably in these hostile environments. When the gap becomes too large, a maintenance warning is generated. Eddy current sensors help detect axial and radial deflection of the turbine shaft. Radial movement occurs when the shaft is off-center. Axial movement indicates that the shaft is tilted relative to the central axis. Both cannot be eliminated completely. However, with significant deviations, increased bearing wear occurs. If such situations are detected, the turbine should be shut down as soon as possible for maintenance, even before an accident occurs. Finally, eddy current sensors are used to measure forces or torques applied to the nacelle. These influences can be caused by vibration, wind loads or other factors that, over time, can lead to the destruction of the entire structure. Eddy current sensors can also be used to measure axial, radial or tangential deflection of clutch discs, which ensure the safety of the rotor in the event of strong winds. This article provides a method for calculating an inductive sensor. This calculation will allow you to correctly develop a wind turbine eddy current sensor.
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Fazylova, Аlina. "CALCULATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE WIND TURBINE ROTOR EDDY CURRENT SENSOR." Вестник КазАТК 118, no. 3 (September 17, 2021): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52167/1609-1817-2021-118-3-134-141.
Full textAbstract:
Eddy current sensors are used to measure shaft clearance in wind turbines and to check that there is a thin film of oil in the clearance. In this case, the oil is usually applied under pressure. Because the eddy current sensors are resistant to oil, pressure and temperature, this allows them to operate reliably in these hostile environments. When the gap becomes too large, a maintenance warning is generated. Eddy current sensors help detect axial and radial deflection of the turbine shaft. Radial movement occurs when the shaft is off-center. Axial movement indicates that the shaft is tilted relative to the central axis. Both cannot be eliminated completely. However, with significant deviations, increased bearing wear occurs. If such situations are detected, the turbine should be shut down as soon as possible for maintenance, even before an accident occurs. Finally, eddy current sensors are used to measure forces or torques applied to the nacelle. These influences can be caused by vibration, wind loads or other factors that, over time, can lead to the destruction of the entire structure. Eddy current sensors can also be used to measure axial, radial or tangential deflection of clutch discs, which ensure the safety of the rotor in the event of strong winds. This article provides a method for calculating an inductive sensor. This calculation will allow you to correctly develop a wind turbine eddy current sensor.
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Rząsa, Mariusz R. "Selection of Optical Tomography Parameters for Gas Bubble Shape Analysis." Chemical and Process Engineering 35, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cpe-2014-0002.
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Abstract An optical tomograph in which a tested object is illuminated from five directions has been presented in the paper. The measurements of luminous intensity after changing into discrete signals (0 or 1) in the detectors equipped with 64 optical sensors were subjected to reconstruction by means of the matrix algorithm. Detailed description of the measuring sensor, as well as the principles of operation of the electronic system, has been given in the paper. Optical phenomena occurring at the phase boundary while transmitted through the sensor wall and phenomena inside the measuring space have also been taken into account. The method of the sensor calibration has been analysed and a way of technical solution of the problem under consideration has been discussed. The elaborated method has been tested using objects of the known shape and dimensions. It was found that reconstruction of the shapes of moving bubbles and determination of their main parameters is also possible with a reasonable accuracy.
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Maulana, Nurhuda, Oky Dwi Nurhayati, and Eko Didik Widianto. "Perancangan Sistem Sensor Pemonitor Lingkungan Berbasis Jaringan Sensor Nirkabel." Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Komputer 4, no. 2 (April 23, 2016): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jtsiskom.4.2.2016.353-360.
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Air pollution is a problem that get a lot of people’s attention, especially at campus environment. It is evocate the stakeholder of campus to monitor the environmental conditions at the campus which themed a green campus. Advances in science and technology, especially in computer and embedded systems in principle can be applied to solve this problem. There are creating an application system that is equipped with sensor to monitor the air quality level wirelessly. The system supports several environmental monitoring sensors that are connected in a wireless sensor network. The objective of this research was to design and create a sensor system that can monitor environment condition quantity by providing the appropriate output value. Sensors that used to read the air quality parameters is TGS 2600 to read the gas concentration of carbon monoxide (CO), TGS 2201 for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), GP2Y1010AU0F for particulate matter, BH1750 for light ambient, and SHT11 for humidity and temperature. This sensor system using Arduino board that based on Atmega 2560 microcontroller. This system is equipped with RTC as a time and GPS as a coordinate where the sensor system is placed as a node. The result of this reseach is the system able to read parameters as air quality monitoring well. The error reading in this sensor system is 0.69 ppm CO gas, 2.8 lx on the intensity of light, 0.22 C in temperature reading, and 0.98% in humidity readings.
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Harms, Julius, and Thorsten A. Kern. "Theory and Modeling of Eddy Current Type Inductive Conductivity Sensors." Engineering Proceedings 6, no. 1 (May 17, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/i3s2021dresden-10103.
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While transformer-type conductivity sensors are the usual type of inductive sensors, this paper describes the theory behind less used eddy current sensors. This type of sensor measures the conductivity of a liquid by inducing eddy currents and observing the effect on the sensor coil, which allows a simpler sensor design and promises a cost advantage in implementation. A novel model description is derived from the Maxwell equations and implemented by an equivalent RLC circuit. The designed model is validated by comparisons with experimental observations and FEM simulations. The result leads to a better understanding of the physical effects of the sensor and the influencing parameters for future sensor developments. The aim is to provide starting points for further sensor development of low-cost inductive conductivity sensors.
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Morsi, I., M. Zaghloul, and M. Elfiky. "Wireless Monitoring and Controlling Marine Navigation Parameters." Applied Mechanics and Materials 743 (March 2015): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.743.157.
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This paper is a practical implementation of data acquisition system based on navigational devices. The data are extracted from different ship sensors on board. The objective of this paper is to build a navigation system based on sensors to simulate the original system. This system is implemented by collecting data from different sensors which are connected to microcontrollers PIC 16F628A & P16F886 then these data is transmitted wireless using Serial UART wireless module (200M Range-433 Mhz) to a computer station which enable continuous tracking for the all ship's sensor which indicate the situation in receiving site located at another place .The simulated system is built by using Lab View version (13). The ROM cost of the system around (220$).
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Jia, Yong Yong, Jing Gang Yang, Lin Rong, and Ke Zhao. "Simulation Research of the Impact on Sensitivity by Structural Parameters of Disc-Type Inner UHF Sensors Used for GIS PD Detection." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 1044–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.1044.
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The UHF method is one of the most important partial discharge (PD) detection means for GIS, while sensor technique is the key factor of the UHF method. In comparison with external sensors, inner sensors can achieve higher sensitivity. The paper firstly presents a key indicator of the sensor performance evaluation, and builds a simulation model of that. Secondly, the paper implements simulation research on the PD detection performance of the disc-type sensor, especially on the impacts caused by structural parameters based on the simulation model. The research achievements of the paper may provide reference of performance evaluation and design optimization for disc-type UHF sensors.
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Alconcel, L. N. S., P. Fox, P. Brown, T. M. Oddy, E. L. Lucek, and C. M. Carr. "An initial investigation of the long-term trends in the fluxgate magnetometer (FGM) calibration parameters on the four Cluster spacecraft." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 3, no. 2 (July 11, 2014): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-3-95-2014.
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Abstract. Over the course of more than 10 years in operation, the calibration parameters of the outboard fluxgate magnetometer (FGM) sensors on the four Cluster spacecraft are shown to be remarkably stable. The parameters are refined on the ground during the rigorous FGM calibration process performed for the Cluster Active Archive (CAA). Fluctuations in some parameters show some correlation with trends in the sensor temperature (orbit position). The parameters, particularly the offsets, of the spacecraft 1 (C1) sensor have undergone more long-term drift than those of the other spacecraft (C2, C3 and C4) sensors. Some potentially anomalous calibration parameters have been identified and will require further investigation in future. However, the observed long-term stability demonstrated in this initial study gives confidence in the accuracy of the Cluster magnetic field data. For the most sensitive ranges of the FGM instrument, the offset drift is typically 0.2 nT per year in each sensor on C1 and negligible on C2, C3 and C4.
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Alconcel, L. N. S., P. Fox, P. Brown, T. M. Oddy, E. L. Lucek, and C. M. Carr. "An initial investigation of the long-term trends in the fluxgate magnetometer (FGM) calibration parameters on the four Cluster spacecraft." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems Discussions 4, no. 1 (January 27, 2014): 43–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gid-4-43-2014.
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Abstract. Over the course of more than ten years in operation, the calibration parameters of the outboard fluxgate magnetometer (FGM) sensors on the four Cluster spacecraft are shown to be remarkably stable. The parameters are refined on the ground during the rigorous FGM calibration process performed for the Cluster Active Archive (CAA). Fluctuations in some parameters show some correlation with trends in the sensor temperature (orbit position). The parameters, particularly the offsets, of the Spacecraft1 (C1) sensor have undergone more long-term drift than those of the other spacecraft (C2, C3 and C4) sensors. Some potentially anomalous calibration parameters have been identified and will require further investigation in future. However, the observed long-term stability demonstrated in this initial study gives confidence in the relative accuracy of the Cluster magnetic field data. For the most sensitive ranges of the FGM instrument, the offset drift is typically 0.2 nT yr−1 in each sensor on C1 and negligible on C2, C3 and C4.
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Emery, A. F., and T. D. Fadale. "The Effect of Imprecisions in Thermal Sensor Location and Boundary Conditions on Optimal Sensor Location and Experimental Accuracy." Journal of Heat Transfer 119, no. 4 (November 1, 1997): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2824169.
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Optimal sensor locations and the information content obtained when estimating thermal parameters using the inverse method are significantly affected by uncertainties in sensor position and in the system parameters. This paper describes the effects of these uncertainties. It is shown that the effect of sensor location uncertainties can be reduced by placing temperature sensors in locations of minimum heat flux. In transient experiments, the uncertainties in the boundary conditions have the greatest effect at points of high heat flux and cause the optimal sensor locations to move from the boundary with the highest convective heat transfer coefficient to the boundary with the lowest in an abrupt manner.
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Choi, Jeonghun, and Seung Jun Lee. "Consistency Index-Based Sensor Fault Detection System for Nuclear Power Plant Emergency Situations Using an LSTM Network." Sensors 20, no. 6 (March 16, 2020): 1651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20061651.
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A nuclear power plant (NPP) consists of an enormous number of components with complex interconnections. Various techniques to detect sensor errors have been developed to monitor the state of the sensors during normal NPP operation, but not for emergency situations. In an emergency situation with a reactor trip, all the plant parameters undergo drastic changes following the sudden decrease in core reactivity. In this paper, a machine learning model adopting a consistency index is suggested for sensor error detection during NPP emergency situations. The proposed consistency index refers to the soundness of the sensors based on their measurement accuracy. The application of consistency index labeling makes it possible to detect sensor error immediately and specify the particular sensor where the error occurred. From a compact nuclear simulator, selected plant parameters were extracted during typical emergency situations, and artificial sensor errors were injected into the raw data. The trained system successfully generated output that gave both sensor error states and error-free states.
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Ponmagal, R. S. "Architecting Service Based Sensor Networks for the Intelligent Assimilation." Chinese Journal of Engineering 2014 (January 9, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/701829.
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The aim of this paper is to propose an architectural model for assimilating distributed sensor networks through cloud paradigm. This strategy can be applied to monitor and control the physical parameters such as temperature, pressure, and level. It is proposed to consider the use of service oriented architecture to program and deploy the sensed parameters. The service oriented architecture for sensor network has been implemented in such a way that, for every specific requirement of the monitor center, the assimilation agent invokes the services of the sensors through a registry and the specific changes in the sensed parameters are also notified as auditable event using push interaction pattern of SOA. The assimilation agent serves as an intelligent component by providing authentication services. This SOA is extended to integrate different types of sensor networks through cloud environment. Hence several sensors can be networked together to monitor different process parameters and they have been assimilated with Internet by registering them as services, hence a complete distributed assimilation environment is exploited.
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Balogun, Emmanuel B., Xu Huang, and Dat Tran. "Efficiency of Sensor Devices Used in Dynamic Solar Tracking System: Comparative Assessment Parameters Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 1437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1437.
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There have been recent research interests in obtaining an optimum efficient design for the solar tracking system in published papers over the past three decades. This paper presents an in-depth overview of the assessment parameters and characteristics of various sensor devices employed to provide precise feedback control mechanism used in dynamic solar tracking systems. We found that the webcam sensor device has superior capability compared to other solar sensors devices. In conclusion, we propose a future research direction for a better efficiency and effective dynamic solar tracking system. Keywords: Solar tracking; Solar sensors; Solar panels; Overall output generated energy; Webcam; Photoresistors; Photodiodes; Feedback Control mechanism
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Soleh, Muchammad, and Rahmat Arief. "ANALYSIS OF SAR MAIN PARAMETERS FOR SAR SENSOR DESIGN ON LSA." International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences (IJReSES) 11, no. 2 (April 12, 2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30536/j.ijreses.2014.v11.a2606.
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LAPAN plans to conduct a flight test of LSA (LAPAN Surveillance Aircraft). LSA STEMME-S15 is capable of carrying sensor payloads up to 160 kg that are mounted on both sides of the wings with altitude between 400-2000 m. LSA can be designed to perform imaging by using optical sensors and SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar). Compared to imaging using optical sensors, SAR sensor has advantages such as it can operate all day and night, able to penetrate clouds, and able to see objects from side looking, while optical sensors generally see the object perpendicular to the ground. Therefore the use of SAR imaging technology can complement optical imaging technology. To design SAR system imagers on LSA, it is necessary to simulate the primary parameters SAR i.e. altitude and look angle of sensor, speed of LSA, SAR frequency and signals power shot to object to calculate the resolution of azimuth and ground range values that can be obtained. This SAR parameters simulation used MATLAB which have been designed with two approaches; the first approach where the SAR sensor is ideal and in which all the fundamental parameters (such as polarization, frequency, etc.) are used to generate the desired sensitivity and resolution of azimuth and ground range, and the second approach is where SAR sensor is designed in a limited antenna size (constraint case), with the assumption that the dimensions of the antenna and the average available power are fixed. The data used in this simulation is a pseudo-data obtained from LSA technical spesification and SAR sensor. The simulation results with the first approach shows that if LSA is flying at an altitude of 1000 m, with speed of 36.11 m/s, and SAR frequency of 5.3 GHz, then to get resolution of azimuth, slant range and ground range of 1 m, 1.2 m and 3 m, it is necessary to design the length and width of SAR antenna at 2 m and 13.5 cm, with look angle of 23.5 degrees. While the result of second approach simulation is that if LSA is flying on the same altitude and speed, on the same look angle and SAR frequency, with a particular design of antenna length and width of 2 m and 13.5 cm, then azimuth, slant range and ground range resolution of 1 m, 1.87 and 4.79 m will be obtained. Form both simulations, it can be concluded that limited SAR system on LSA, especially on the technical aspects of mounting and space as in the simulation with the second approach, will produce slightly lower slant range and ground range resolution when compared with SAR system in the first simulation. This shows that space limitation on LSA will affect decrease the value of spatial ground range resolution. The simulation results are expected to be inputs on designing SAR imaging system on LSA.
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Susilawati, Susilawati, and Iqbal Maulana. "SOIL QUALITY MONITORING PROTOTYPE WITH HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE PARAMETERS FOR PADDY PLANTS." Jurnal Neutrino 12, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/neu.v12i1.7774.
Full textAbstract:
<p class="abstrak">Paddy is one of the most important plants in Indonesia because most of the Indonesian main food is rice. Paddy productivity can be increased by utilizing technological development. This study aims to design and make a measurement tool for soil temperature and humidity in paddy fields in the Karawang regency. This measurement tool uses Arduino mega and several sensors, the DS18B20 sensor which functions as a ground temperature sensor. Grove moisture sensor that functions as a sensor to detect soil moisture. Information for the value of these parameters will be listed on the LCD that has been installed. Data was collected in the paddy fields of Telukjambe sub-district, Karawang Regency, data collection was carried out with a depth of 2 cm and a depth of 4 cm. At a depth of 4 cm, the temperature and humidity parameters are stable, while at a depth of 2 cm the temperature parameter is stable while the humidity is unstable, and the best humidity value is at a depth of 4 cm.</p>