Academic literature on the topic 'Sensor modelling'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sensor modelling"
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Yu, Qinxiao, Ning Zhu, Geng Li, and Shoufeng Ma. "Simulation-Based Sensor Location Model for Arterial Street." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/854089.
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Traffic sensors serve as an important way to a number of intelligent transportation system applications which rely heavily on real-time data. However, traffic sensors are costly. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize sensor placement to maximize various benefits. Arterial street traffic is highly dynamic and the movement of vehicles is disturbed by signals and irregular vehicle maneuver. It is challenging to estimate the arterial street travel time with limited sensors. In order to solve the problem, the paper presents travel time estimation models that rely on speed data collected by sensor. The relationship between sensor position and vehicle trajectory in single link is investigated. A sensor location model in signalized arterial is proposed to find the optimal sensor placement with the minimum estimation error of arterial travel time. Numerical experiments are conducted in 3 conditions: synchronized traffic signals, green wave traffic signals, and vehicle-actuated signals. The results indicate that the sensors should not be placed in vehicle queuing area. Intersection stop line is an ideal sensor position. There is not any fixed sensor position that can cope with all traffic conditions.
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Fan, Hua, Huichao Yue, Jiangmin Mao, Ting Peng, Siming Zuo, Quanyuan Feng, Qi Wei, and Hadi Heidari. "Modelling and fabrication of wide temperature range Al0.24Ga0.76As/GaAs Hall magnetic sensors." Journal of Semiconductors 43, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 034101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/43/3/034101.
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Abstract Silicon Hall-effect sensors have been widely used in industry and research fields due to their straightforward fabrication process and CMOS compatibility. However, as their material property limitations, technicians usually implement complex CMOS circuits to improve the sensors’ performance including temperature drift and offset compensation for fitting tough situation, but it is no doubt that it increases the design complexity and the sensor area. Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is a superior material of Hall-effect device because of its large mobility and stable temperature characteristics. Concerning there is no specified modelling of GaAs Hall-effect device, this paper investigated its modelling by using finite element method (FEM) software Silvaco TCAD® to help and guide GaAs Hall-effect device fabrication. The modeled sensor has been fabricated and its experimental results are in agreement with the simulation results. Comparing to our previous silicon Hall-effect sensor, the GaAs Hall-effect sensor demonstrates potential and reliable benchmark for the future Hall magnetic sensor developments.
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Skvortsov, Alex, and Branko Ristic. "Modelling and Performance Analysis of a Network of Chemical Sensors with Dynamic Collaboration." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 8, no. 1 (November 24, 2011): 656231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/656231.
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The problem of environmental monitoring using a wireless network of chemical sensors with a limited energy supply is considered. Since the conventional chemical sensors in active mode consume vast amounts of energy, an optimisation problem arises in the context of a balance between the energy consumption and the detection capabilities of such a network. A protocol based on “dynamic sensor collaboration” is employed: in the absence of any pollutant, the majority of sensors are in the sleep (passive) mode; a sensor is invoked (activated) by wake-up messages from its neighbors only when more information is required. The paper proposes a mathematical model of a network of chemical sensors using this protocol. The model provides valuable insights into the network behavior and near optimal capacity design (energy consumption against detection). An analytical model of the environment, using turbulent mixing to capture chaotic fluctuations, intermittency, and nonhomogeneity of the pollutant distribution, is employed in the study. A binary model of a chemical sensor is assumed (a device with threshold detection). The outcome of the study is a set of simple analytical tools for sensor network design, optimisation, and performance analysis.
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Vilas, Sheetal, and G. G. "Modelling of Hexagonal Electromagnetic Sensor." International Journal of Computer Applications 151, no. 8 (October 17, 2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2016911843.
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Schmidt, D., M. Krämer, T. Kuhn, and N. Wehn. "Energy modelling in sensor networks." Advances in Radio Science 5 (June 13, 2007): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-5-347-2007.
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Abstract. Wireless sensor networks are one of the key enabling technologies for the vision of ambient intelligence. Energy resources for sensor nodes are very scarce. A key challenge is the design of energy efficient communication protocols. Models of the energy consumption are needed to accurately simulate the efficiency of a protocol or application design, and can also be used for automatic energy optimizations in a model driven design process. We propose a novel methodology to create models for sensor nodes based on few simple measurements. In a case study the methodology was used to create models for MICAz nodes. The models were integrated in a simulation environment as well as in a SDL runtime framework of a model driven design process. Measurements on a test application that was created automatically from an SDL specification showed an 80% reduction in energy consumption compared to an implementation without power saving strategies.
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Siart, U., S. Tejero, and J. Detlefsen. "Exponential Modelling for Mutual-Cohering of Subband Radar Data." Advances in Radio Science 3 (May 12, 2005): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-3-199-2005.
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Abstract. Increasing resolution and accuracy is an important issue in almost any type of radar sensor application. However, both resolution and accuracy are strongly related to the available signal bandwidth and energy that can be used. Nowadays, often several sensors operating in different frequency bands become available on a sensor platform. It is an attractive goal to use the potential of advanced signal modelling and optimization procedures by making proper use of information stemming from different frequency bands at the RF signal level. An important prerequisite for optimal use of signal energy is coherence between all contributing sensors. Coherent multi-sensor platforms are greatly expensive and are thus not available in general. This paper presents an approach for accurately estimating object radar responses using subband measurements at different RF frequencies. An exponential model approach allows to compensate for the lack of mutual coherence between independently operating sensors. Mutual coherence is recovered from the a-priori information that both sensors have common scattering centers in view. Minimizing the total squared deviation between measured data and a full-range exponential signal model leads to more accurate pole angles and pole magnitudes compared to single-band optimization. The model parameters (range and magnitude of point scatterers) after this full-range optimization process are also more accurate than the parameters obtained from a commonly used super-resolution procedure (root-MUSIC) applied to the non-coherent subband data.
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Daniel, M., M. Janicki, W. Wroblewski, A. Dybko, Z. Brzozka, and A. Napieralski. "Ion selective transistor modelling for behavioural simulations." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 11 (December 1, 2004): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0679.
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Computer aided design and simulation of complex silicon microsystems oriented for environment monitoring requires efficient and accurate models of ion selective sensors, compatible with the existing behavioural simulators. This paper concerns sensors based on the back-side contact Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistors (ISFETs). The ISFETs with silicon nitride gate are sensitive to hydrogen ion concentration. When the transistor gate is additionally covered with a special ion selective membrane, selectivity to other than hydrogen ions can be achieved. Such sensors are especially suitable for flow analysis of solutions containing various ions. The problem of ion selective sensor modelling is illustrated here on a practical example of an ammonium sensitive membrane. The membrane is investigated in the presence of some interfering ions and appropriate selectivity coefficients are determined. Then, the model of the whole sensor is created and used in subsequent electrical simulations. Providing that appropriate selectivity coefficients are known, the proposed model is applicable for any membrane, and can be straightforwardly implemented for behavioural simulation of water monitoring microsystems. The model has been already applied in a real on-line water pollution monitoring system for detection of various contaminants.
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Badrinath, Suriya, and Raja Muthalagu. "Modelling Human Activity using Smartphone Data." Open Biomedical Engineering Journal 15, no. 1 (October 18, 2021): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874120702115010058.
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Background: Over time, multichannel time series data were utilized for the purpose of modeling human activity. Instruments such as an accelerometer and gyroscope which had sensors embedded in them, recorded sensor data which were then utilized to record 6-axes, single dimensional convolution for the purpose of formulating a deep CNN. The resultant network achieved 94.79% activity recognition accuracy on raw sensor data, and 95.57% accuracy when Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) knowledge was added to the sensor data. Objective: This study helps to achieve an orderly report of daily Human activities for the overall balanced lifestyle of a healthy human being. Methods: Interfacing is done using Arduino Uno, Raspberry-Pi 3, heart rate sensor and accelerometer ADXL345 to generate real time values of day-to-day human activities such as walking, sleeping, climbing upstairs/downstairs and so on. Initially, the heart pulse of our four tested individuals is recorded and tabulated to depict and draw conclusions all the way from “Low BP” to “Heavy Exercise”. The convolution neural network is initially trained with an online human activity dataset and tested using our real time generated values which are sent to the MAC OS using a Bluetooth interface. Results: We obtain graphical representations of the amount of each activity performed by the test set of individuals, and in turn conclusions which suggest increase or decrease in the consistency of certain activities to the users, depicted through our developed iOS application, “Fitnesse”. Conclusion: The result of this works is used to improve the daily health routines and the overall lifestyle of distressed patients.
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Magosi, Zoltan Ferenc, Hexuan Li, Philipp Rosenberger, Li Wan, and Arno Eichberger. "A Survey on Modelling of Automotive Radar Sensors for Virtual Test and Validation of Automated Driving." Sensors 22, no. 15 (July 29, 2022): 5693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155693.
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Radar sensors were among the first perceptual sensors used for automated driving. Although several other technologies such as lidar, camera, and ultrasonic sensors are available, radar sensors have maintained and will continue to maintain their importance due to their reliability in adverse weather conditions. Virtual methods are being developed for verification and validation of automated driving functions to reduce the time and cost of testing. Due to the complexity of modelling high-frequency wave propagation and signal processing and perception algorithms, sensor models that seek a high degree of accuracy are challenging to simulate. Therefore, a variety of different modelling approaches have been presented in the last two decades. This paper comprehensively summarises the heterogeneous state of the art in radar sensor modelling. Instead of a technology-oriented classification as introduced in previous review articles, we present a classification of how these models can be used in vehicle development by using the V-model originating from software development. Sensor models are divided into operational, functional, technical, and individual models. The application and usability of these models along the development process are summarised in a comprehensive tabular overview, which is intended to support future research and development at the vehicle level and will be continuously updated.
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Aernouts, Michiel, Ben Bellekens, and Maarten Weyn. "MapFuse: Complete and Realistic 3D Modelling." Journal of Robotics 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4942034.
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Validating a 3D indoor radio propagation model that simulates the signal strength of a wireless device can be a challenging task due to an incomplete or a faulty environment model. In this paper, we present a novel method to simulate a complete indoor environment that can be used for evaluating a radio propagation model efficiently. In order to obtain a realistic and robust model of the full environment, the OctoMap framework is applied. The system combines the result of a SLAM algorithm and secondly a simple initial model of the same environment in a probabilistic way. Due to this approach, sensor noise and accumulated registration errors are minimised. Furthermore, in this article, we evaluate the merging approach with two SLAM algorithms, three vision sensors, and four datasets, of which one is publicly available. As a result, we have created a complete volumetric model by merging an initial model of the environment with the result of RGB-D SLAM based on real sensor measurements.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sensor modelling"
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Gerra, Guido. "Electromagnetic modelling of superconducting sensor designs." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/104788.
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The problem of design optimisation of thin film direct current Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometers made of YBCO (YBa2Cu3O7-x) was considered. The inductances and effective areas were calculated using the software package 3D-MLSI. Resolution and reliability issues were first tested on simple superconducting systems, showing good agreement with analytical formulae and experimental results, and demonstrating that a remarkable precision can be obtained though at the expense of CPU time and memory. The software was then used to simulate a SQUID magnetometer fabricated in the Device Materials Group of the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, proving that 3D-MLSI can be used to predict the parameters of real systems with acceptable accuracy.
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Lin, Min. "Channel modelling for wireless sensor networks." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611656.
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Singh, Hanumant. "An entropic framework for AUV sensor modelling." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11449.
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Lim, Shen Hin Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Calibration-free image sensor modelling: deterministic and stochastic." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44563.
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This dissertation presents the calibration-free image sensor modelling process applicable for localisation, such that these are robust to changes in environment and in sensor properties. The modelling process consists of two distinct parts, which are deterministic and stochastic techniques, and is achieved using mechanistic deconvolution, where the sensor???s mechanical and electrical properties are utilised. In the deterministic technique, the sensor???s effective focal length is first estimated by known lens properties, and is used to approximate the lens system by a thick lens and its properties. The aperture stop position offset???which is one of the thick lens properties???then derives a new factor, namely calibration-free distortion effects factor, to characterise distortion effects inherent in the sensor. Using this factor and the given pan and tilt angles of an arbitrary plane of view, the corrected image data is generated. The corrected data complies with the image sensor constraints modified by the pan and tilt angles. In the stochastic technique, the stochastic focal length and distortion effects factor are first approximated, using tolerances of the mechanical and electrical properties. These are then utilised to develop the observation likelihood necessary in recursive Bayesian estimation. The proposed modelling process reduces dependency on image data, and, as a result, do not require experimental setup or calibration. An experimental setup was constructed to conduct extensive analysis on accuracy of the proposed modelling process and its robustness to changes in sensor properties and in pan and tilt angles without recalibration. This was compared with a conventional modelling process using three sensors with different specifications and achieved similar accuracy with one-seventh the number of iterations. The developed model has also shown itself to be robust and, in comparison to the conventional modelling process, reduced the errors by a factor of five. Using area coverage method and one-step lookahead as control strategies, the stochastic sensor model was applied into a recursive Bayesian estimation application and was also compared with a conventional approach. The proposed model provided better target estimation state, and also achieved higher efficiency and reliability when compared with the conventional approach.
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Konstatinos, Sasloglou. "Channel measurements and modelling for sensor network applications." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12833.
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Bach, Thomas William. "Design, modelling and applications of capacitive sensor arrays." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436252.
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Crowcombe, James Edward. "Larval zebrafish electrocardiography electrodynmaic modelling and sensor design." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7545/.
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This thesis presents the first model of the electrical activity of the larval zebrafish heart as well as the design and fabrication of novel electrode arrays that were created to measure the electrocardiogram. The model consists of realistic 3D geometry of a 3 day’s post fertilisation zebrafish heart and body with a bidomain electrical model that uses the Fitzhugh-Nagumo equations as the ionic model. The model is able to replicate experimentally observed conduction velocities and action potentials by using region specific parameters and simulate electrocardiograms that are comparable to measurements. The electrode arrays are constructed from flexible polyimide films with gold microelectrodes. These devices have the potential to improve the measurement of the electrocardiogram for drug screening applications as an alternative to the use of micropipette electrodes. Gold plating and PEDOT:PSS coating techniques were applied to the devices to successfully reduce electrode impedance with the effectiveness of each technique categorised using impedance spectroscopy. The devices were tested in vivo with larval zebrafish with limited success and so in vitro tests were conducted using an artificial current source.
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Adero, Frederick. "Modelling and performability evaluation of Wireless Sensor Networks." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2016. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/21217/.
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This thesis presents generic analytical models of homogeneous clustered Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with a centrally located Cluster Head (CH) coordinating cluster communication with the sink directly or through other intermediate nodes. The focus is to integrate performance and availability studies of WSNs in the presence of sensor nodes and channel failures and repair/replacement. The main purpose is to enhance improvement of WSN Quality of Service (QoS). Other research works also considered in this thesis include modelling of packet arrival distribution at the CH and intermediate nodes, and modelling of energy consumption at the sensor nodes. An investigation and critical analysis of wireless sensor network architectures, energy conservation techniques and QoS requirements are performed in order to improve performance and availability of the network. Existing techniques used for performance evaluation of single and multi-server systems with several operative states are investigated and analysed in details. To begin with, existing approaches for independent (pure) performance modelling are critically analysed with highlights on merits and drawbacks. Similarly, pure availability modelling approaches are also analysed. Considering that pure performance models tend to be too optimistic and pure availability models are too conservative, performability, which is the integration of performance and availability studies is used for the evaluation of the WSN models developed in this study. Two-dimensional Markov state space representations of the systems are used for performability modelling. Following critical analysis of the existing solution techniques, spectral expansion method and system of simultaneous linear equations are developed and used to solving the proposed models. To validate the results obtained with the two techniques, a discrete event simulation tool is explored. In this research, open queuing networks are used to model the behaviour of the CH when subjected to streams of traffic from cluster nodes in addition to dynamics of operating in the various states. The research begins with a model of a CH with an infinite queue capacity subject to failures and repair/replacement. The model is developed progressively to consider bounded queue capacity systems, channel failures and sleep scheduling mechanisms for performability evaluation of WSNs. Using the developed models, various performance measures of the considered system including mean queue length, throughput, response time and blocking probability are evaluated. Finally, energy models considering mean power consumption in each of the possible operative states is developed. The resulting models are in turn employed for the evaluation of energy saving for the proposed case study model. Numerical solutions and discussions are presented for all the queuing models developed. Simulation is also performed in order to validate the accuracy of the results obtained. In order to address issues of performance and availability of WSNs, current research present independent performance and availability studies. The concerns resulting from such studies have therefore remained unresolved over the years hence persistence poor system performance. The novelty of this research is a proposed integrated performance and availability modelling approach for WSNs meant to address challenges of independent studies. In addition, a novel methodology for modelling and evaluation of power consumption is also offered. Proposed model results provide remarkable improvement on system performance and availability in addition to providing tools for further optimisation studies. A significant power saving is also observed from the proposed model results. In order to improve QoS for WSN, it is possible to improve the proposed models by incorporating priority queuing in a mixed traffic environment. A model of multi-server system is also appropriate for addressing traffic routing. It is also possible to extend the proposed energy model to consider other sleep scheduling mechanisms other than On-demand proposed herein. Analysis and classification of possible arrival distribution of WSN packets for various application environments would be a great idea for enabling robust scientific research.
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Rydén, Alex, and Mattias Langsér. "Data-driven Strain Sensor Modelling in Mining Applications : Artificial strain sensors for material fatigue estimation." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176682.
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When boring machines are used, large loads are exerted on their structure. The load cycles cause material fatigue on the boring machine structure. If the material fatigue can be estimated in real-time, maintenance can be planned more efficiently and the effect of different types of usage can be evaluated. Because of the many advantages of knowing the material fatigue, the goal of this thesis is to develop a model to predict the strain of a boring machine structure and then derive an estimate of the material fatigue caused by the strain. To do this several approaches using machine learning techniques are evaluated. The input signals were selected using both coherence analysis and mutual information. It was found that linear models outperform the tested non-linear model structures, and that non-linear mechanical connections cause difficulties. The signals to be modelled contained high frequency components that were not present in the available input signals. The results show that given favorable sensor positions, an estimate of the material fatigue can be made with sufficient accuracy when using a noise model and noise realization to cover the non-existent high frequency components.
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Ahmad, Naeem. "Modelling and optimization of sky surveillance visual sensor network." Licentiate thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-17123.
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A Visual Sensor Network (VSN) is a distributed system of a largenumber of camera sensor nodes. The main components of a camera sensornode are image sensor, embedded processor, wireless transceiver and energysupply. The major difference between a VSN and an ordinary sensor networkis that a VSN generates two dimensional data in the form of an image, whichcan be exploited in many useful applications. Some of the potentialapplication examples of VSNs include environment monitoring, surveillance,structural monitoring, traffic monitoring, and industrial automation.However, the VSNs also raise new challenges. They generate large amount ofdata which require higher processing powers, large bandwidth requirementsand more energy resources but the main constraint is that the VSN nodes arelimited in these resources.This research focuses on the development of a VSN model to track thelarge birds such as Golden Eagle in the sky. The model explores a number ofcamera sensors along with optics such as lens of suitable focal length whichensures a minimum required resolution of a bird, flying at the highestaltitude. The combination of a camera sensor and a lens formulate amonitoring node. The camera node model is used to optimize the placementof the nodes for full coverage of a given area above a required lower altitude.The model also presents the solution to minimize the cost (number of sensornodes) to fully cover a given area between the two required extremes, higherand lower altitudes, in terms of camera sensor, lens focal length, camera nodeplacement and actual number of nodes for sky surveillance.The area covered by a VSN can be increased by increasing the highermonitoring altitude and/or decreasing the lower monitoring altitude.However, it also increases the cost of the VSN. The desirable objective is toincrease the covered area but decrease the cost. This objective is achieved byusing optimization techniques to design a heterogeneous VSN. The core ideais to divide a given monitoring range of altitudes into a number of sub-rangesof altitudes. The sub-ranges of monitoring altitudes are covered by individualsub VSNs, the VSN1 covers the lower sub-range of altitudes, the VSN2 coversthe next higher sub-range of altitudes and so on, such that a minimum cost isused to monitor a given area.To verify the concepts, developed to design the VSN model, and theoptimization techniques to decrease the VSN cost, the measurements areperformed with actual cameras and optics. The laptop machines are used withthe camera nodes as data storage and analysis platforms. The area coverage ismeasured at the desired lower altitude limits of homogeneous as well asheterogeneous VSNs and verified for 100% coverage. Similarly, the minimumresolution is measured at the desired higher altitude limits of homogeneous aswell as heterogeneous VSNs to ensure that the models are able to track thebird at these highest altitudes.
Books on the topic "Sensor modelling"
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Singh, Hanumant. An entropic framework for AUV sensor modelling. [Woods Hole, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering], 1995.
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Sensor modelling, design and data processing for autonomous navigation. River Edge, NJ: World Scientific, 1999.
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Sallinen, Mikko. Modelling and estimation of spatial relationships in sensor-based robot workcells. Espoo [Finland]: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2003.
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Abdul Rahman, Mohd Syaifudin, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay, and Pak-Lam Yu. Novel Sensors for Food Inspection: Modelling, Fabrication and Experimentation. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04274-9.
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Ansari, Abdul Wahab. The control simulation of tactile sensors using constraint modelling techniques. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1993.
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Bunting, Aidan A. Modelling of the evanescent wave for distributed optical fibre chemical sensors. Manchester: UMIST, 1997.
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Tregub, Ilona, and Tat'yana Goroshnikova. A simulation model of decision-making. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1030572.
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A tutorial on the basics of simulation modelling in problems of managerial decision-making, illustrated by numerous practical examples. Contains material contributing to the deepening of theoretical knowledge and practical skills of the student in the application of computer simulation modeling of economic, social and technological systems for the formation, adoption and implementation of managerial decisions.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
Intended for graduate students in the study of disciplines "Mathematical and instrumental methods of decision support" (area of training 09.04.03 Applied Informatics, master's program "Applied information science in analytical Economics") and "simulation modeling of economic and information systems (advanced course)" (specialty 01.04.02 - "Applied mathematics and computer science", master program "Quantitative methods in Finance and Economics"). Will be useful to undergraduate students as well as middle managers and senior managers to understand the methods of computer modeling in support of decision making and developing them on the basis of sound management decisions.
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Norwich, Kenneth H. Information, sensation, and perception. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1993.
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Takao, Kumazawa, Kruger Lawrence, and Mizumura Kazue, eds. The polymodal receptor: A gateway to pathological pain. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996.
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Horst, Bunke, Kanade Takeo, and Noltemeier Hartmut, eds. Modelling and planning for sensor based intelligent robot systems. Singapore: World Scientific, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Sensor modelling"
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Becker, Markus. "Analytical Modelling of Service Discovery." In Services in Wireless Sensor Networks, 75–91. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-05402-1_7.
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Baumgart, Marcus, Norbert Druml, and Cristina Consani. "Multipath Ray-Tracing-Based Modelling of Time-of-Flight Cameras." In Sensor Systems Simulations, 93–147. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16577-2_4.
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Becker, Markus. "Evaluation of Analytical Modelling, Simulation and Measurements." In Services in Wireless Sensor Networks, 101–40. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-05402-1_9.
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Elfes, Alberto, Samuel S. Bueno, Josué J. G. Ramos, Ely C. de Paiva, Marcel Bergerman, José R. H. Carvalho, Silvio M. Maeta, Luiz G. B. Mirisola, Bruno G. Faria, and José R. Azinheira. "Modelling, Control and Perception for an Autonomous Robotic Airship." In Sensor Based Intelligent Robots, 216–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45993-6_13.
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Thompson, Michael, M. Donata Frank, and David C. Stone. "Sensor Response and Computational Molecular Modelling." In Biosensors for Direct Monitoring of Environmental Pollutants in Field, 27–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8973-4_3.
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Henry, Jacques, Antoine Viel, and Jean-Pierre Yvon. "Modeling of currents in a zirconium oxygen sensor." In Systems modelling and optimization, 427–35. Boca Raton: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203737422-56.
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Goldenberg, A. A. "Modelling the Interaction between Robot and Environment." In Sensor Devices and Systems for Robotics, 17–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74567-6_2.
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Asik*, Joseph R. "Hot wire mass air flow sensor modeling and lag compensation." In Systems modelling and optimization, 409–17. Boca Raton: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203737422-54.
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Omondi, Fredrick A., Enver Ever, Purav Shah, and Orhan Gemikonakli. "Modelling Wireless Sensor Networks for Performability Evaluation." In Ad-hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Network, 172–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39247-4_15.
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Ramos, C. A., R. de Oliveira, R. D. S. G. Campilho, and A. T. Marques. "Modelling of fibre Bragg grating sensor plates." In III European Conference on Computational Mechanics, 168. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5370-3_168.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Sensor modelling"
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Magat, Martin, Radimír Vrba, Jan Pekarek, and Richard Ficek. "Capacitive Pressure Sensor Modelling." In 2009 Second International Conference on Advances in Circuits, Electronics and Micro-electronics (CENICS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cenics.2009.29.
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Yang, S., B. Song, and J. Um. "Heterogeneous Sensor Fusion for Primary Vehicle Detection." In Modelling and Simulation. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2010.697-096.
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Kim, Sung-Ho, and Joon Ha Park. "A Statistical Information Method for Sensor-Target Geometry." In Modelling and Simulation. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2013.802-027.
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Naeem, M., H. M. Ali, and D. C. Lee. "Quantum Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm for Optimizing Sensor Selection." In Modelling and Simulation. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2010.697-098.
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Choudhury, Salimur, Kai Salomaa, and Selim G. Akl. "A Cellular Automaton Model for Wireless Sensor Networks." In Modelling and Simulation. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2011.735-089.
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Rezvani, Ozra, Mohammad Hossein Yaghmaee Moghadam, and Seyed Majid Mazinani. "A New Clustering Algorithm for Multihop Wireless Sensor Networks." In Modelling and Simulation. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2011.735-054.
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Hubik, V., M. Sveda, and V. Singule. "Sensor BLDC Motor Model in Simulink Environment." In Modelling, Identification, and Control. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2010.675-025.
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Kim, J. H., H. G. Min, S. H. Kwon, and E. T. Jeung. "Wheeled Mobile Robot Control using Inertial Sensor." In Modelling, Identification, and Control. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2010.702-027.
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Zechinelli-Martini, Jose-Luis, and Ilian Elias-Morales. "Modelling and querying sensor databases." In Eighth Mexican International Conference on Current Trends in Computer Science (ENC 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/enc.2007.29.
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Zechinelli-Martini, Jose-Luis, and Ilian Elias-Morales. "Modelling and querying sensor databases." In Eighth Mexican International Conference on Current Trends in Computer Science (ENC 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/enc.2007.4351436.
Full textReports on the topic "Sensor modelling"
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Khatry, R., and A. Thompson. A sensor modelling framework for autonomous systems. National Physical Laboratory, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47120/npl.ms29.
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Lepley, Margaret A., William G. Hanley, and Rama Chellappa. Performance Modelling of Autonomous Electro-Optical Sensors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada206471.
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Hanley, W. G. Performance Modelling of Autonomous Electro-Optical Sensors (PM). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada206074.
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Grenander, Ulf. Performance Modelling of Autonomous Electro-Optical Sensors. Experimental Algorithms and Software for ATR. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada230948.
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Clavet, Nicholas-James, Réjean Hébert, and Pierre-Carl Michaud. The future of long-term care in Quebec: what are the cost savings from a realistic shift towards more home care? CIRANO, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/zrzh8256.
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This paper aims to estimate the future long-term care needs and expenditures in Quebec while proposing and evaluating a reform package that could deliver increased coverage as well as be more financially sustainable than current policy. This reform package consists of a shift towards more intensive use of home care while increasing public coverage of care needs. A key feature of the proposed reform is to improve the ability of users to choose their provider with the creation of a senior’s care account, an account that grants individuals in need to purchase services from several providers, including both home and institutional care. To improve the neutrality of public support across care arrangements, we also propose to increase residents’ contribution in nursing homes while favoring the continued use of existing tax credits to help seniors with lower needs in terms of care. Using detailed dynamic modelling of care needs, living arrangements, and expenditures, we estimate that long-term care needs will grow rapidly in the next two decades and the costs will quickly become prohibitive under current policy. We show that substantial cost savings may exist.
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Clavet, Nicholas-James, Réjean Hébert, and Pierre-Carl Michaud. The future of long-term care in Quebec: what are the cost savings from a realistic shift towards more home care? CIRANO, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/zrzh8256.
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This paper aims to estimate the future long-term care needs and expenditures in Quebec while proposing and evaluating a reform package that could deliver increased coverage as well as be more financially sustainable than current policy. This reform package consists of a shift towards more intensive use of home care while increasing public coverage of care needs. A key feature of the proposed reform is to improve the ability of users to choose their provider with the creation of a senior’s care account, an account that grants individuals in need to purchase services from several providers, including both home and institutional care. To improve the neutrality of public support across care arrangements, we also propose to increase residents’ contribution in nursing homes while favoring the continued use of existing tax credits to help seniors with lower needs in terms of care. Using detailed dynamic modelling of care needs, living arrangements, and expenditures, we estimate that long-term care needs will grow rapidly in the next two decades and the costs will quickly become prohibitive under current policy. We show that substantial cost savings may exist.
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Dasberg, Shmuel, Jan W. Hopmans, Larry J. Schwankl, and Dani Or. Drip Irrigation Management by TDR Monitoring of Soil Water and Solute Distribution. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568095.bard.
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Drip irrigation has the potential of high water use efficiency, but actual water measurement is difficult because of the limited wetted volume. Two long-term experiments in orchards in Israel and in California and several field crop studies supported by this project have demonstrated the feasibility of precise monitoring of soil water distribution for drip irrigation in spite of the limited soil wetting. Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) enables in situ measurement of soil water content of well defined small volumes. Several approaches were tried in monitoring the soil water balance in the field during drip irrigation. These also facilitated the estimation of water uptake: 1. The use of multilevel moisture probe TDR system. This approach proved to be of limited value because of the extremely small diameter of measurement. 2. The placement of 20 cm long TDR probes at predetermined distances from the drippers in citrus orchards. 3. Heavy instrumentation with neutron scattering access tubes and tensiometers of a single drip irrigated almond tree. 4. High resolution spatial and temporal measurements (0.1m x 0.1m grid) of water content by TDR in corn irrigated by surface and subsurface drip. The latter approach was accompanied by parametric modelling of water uptake intensity patterns by corn roots and superimposed with analytical solutions for water flow from point and line sources. All this lead to general and physically based suggestions for the placement of soil water sensors for scheduling drip irrigation.
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Davies, Will. Improving the engagement of UK armed forces overseas. Royal Institute of International Affairs, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135010.
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The UK government’s Integrated Review of security, defence, development and foreign policy, published in March 2021 alongside a supporting defence command paper, set a new course for UK national security and highlighted opportunities for an innovative approach to international engagement activity. The Integrated Review focused principally on the state threats posed by China’s increasing power and by competitors – including Russia – armed with nuclear, conventional and hybrid capabilities. It also stressed the continuing risks to global security and resilience due to conflict and instability in weakened and failed states. These threats have the potential to increase poverty and inequality, violent extremism, climate degradation and the forced displacement of people, while presenting authoritarian competitors with opportunities to enhance their geopolitical influence. There are moral, security and economic motives to foster durable peace in conflict-prone and weakened regions through a peacebuilding approach that promotes good governance, addresses the root causes of conflict and prevents violence, while denying opportunities to state competitors. The recent withdrawal from Afghanistan serves to emphasize the complexities and potential pitfalls associated with intervention operations in complex, unstable regions. Success in the future will require the full, sustained and coordinated integration of national, allied and regional levers of power underpinned by a sophisticated understanding of the operating environment. The UK armed forces, with their considerable resources and global network, will contribute to this effort through ‘persistent engagement’. This is a new approach to overseas operations below the threshold of conflict, designed as a pre-emptive complement to warfighting. To achieve this, the UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) must develop a capability that can operate effectively in weak, unstable and complex regions prone to violent conflict and crises, not least in the regions on the eastern and southern flanks of the Euro-Atlantic area. The first step must be the development of a cohort of military personnel with enhanced, tailored levels of knowledge, skills and experience. Engagement roles must be filled by operators with specialist knowledge, skills and experience forged beyond the mainstream discipline of combat and warfighting. Only then will individuals develop a genuinely sophisticated understanding of complex, politically driven and sensitive operating environments and be able to infuse the design and delivery of international activities with practical wisdom and insight. Engagement personnel need to be equipped with: An inherent understanding of the human and political dimensions of conflict, the underlying drivers such as inequality and scarcity, and the exacerbating factors such as climate change and migration; - A grounding in social sciences and conflict modelling in order to understand complex human terrain; - Regional expertise enabled by language skills, cultural intelligence and human networks; - Familiarity with a diverse range of partners, allies and local actors and their approaches; - Expertise in building partner capacity and applying defence capabilities to deliver stability and peace; - A grasp of emerging artificial intelligence technology as a tool to understand human terrain; - Reach and insight developed through ‘knowledge networks’ of external experts in academia, think-tanks and NGOs. Successful change will be dependent on strong and overt advocacy by the MOD’s senior leadership and a revised set of personnel policies and procedures for this cohort’s selection, education, training, career management, incentivization, sustainability and support.
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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.
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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.
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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.